Aluminum-silicon alloy material and method for manufacturing the same

Abstract

The application discloses an aluminum-silicon alloy material and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the field of novel aviation aluminum-silicon alloy materials.The aluminum-silicon alloy material comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: Si: 8.3-9.5%, Cu: 1.8-2.6%, Mg: 1.2-1.5%, Mn: 0.8-1.3%, CeB6: 0.02-0.07%, MoSi2: 0.07-0.12%, and the rest is Al and inevitable impurities.Based on the existing aluminum-silicon alloy material, the application mainly introduces CeB6 and MoSi2, and further optimizes the design of the component dosage ratio, so that the comprehensive mechanical properties of the aluminum-silicon alloy material, such as tensile strength and elongation at break, are significantly improved, thereby obtaining a high-performance aluminum-silicon alloy material, which can fully meet the performance requirements of aluminum-silicon alloy materials in high-end fields such as aviation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of novel aerospace aluminum-silicon alloy materials, and more particularly to an aluminum-silicon alloy material and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] In high-end industrial fields such as aerospace and automotive manufacturing, the quality, reliability, and service life of products are directly determined by the performance of the materials used. Aluminum-silicon alloys, as important lightweight metal alloys, are widely used in these fields due to their advantages such as low density, high specific strength, good casting properties, and corrosion resistance. Especially in the aerospace field, there are extremely stringent requirements for lightweight, high strength, and good comprehensive mechanical properties of materials, making aluminum-silicon alloys one of the key candidate materials for meeting these demands.

[0003] Traditional aluminum-silicon alloys primarily consist of aluminum (Al) and silicon (Si), with small amounts of copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), and manganese (Mn) added to improve their properties. The addition of silicon significantly improves the alloy's casting performance, reduces melt shrinkage, and minimizes casting defects such as shrinkage porosity and cavities. Copper forms a strengthening phase, increasing the alloy's strength and hardness. Magnesium forms the Mg₂Si phase with silicon, providing solid solution strengthening and age-hardening. Manganese helps raise the alloy's recrystallization temperature, refines the grain size, and enhances its strength and toughness. However, with the increasing demands for material performance in high-end fields such as aerospace, traditional aluminum-silicon alloys are increasingly failing to meet practical requirements in terms of tensile strength, elongation at break, and other comprehensive mechanical properties.

[0004] Therefore, developing a new type of aluminum-silicon alloy material with excellent comprehensive mechanical properties such as high tensile strength and high elongation at break, and with a relatively simple preparation process and controllable cost, is of great practical significance for meeting the performance requirements of aluminum-silicon alloy materials in high-end fields such as aerospace. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the above problems, this invention provides an aluminum-silicon alloy material and its preparation method.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an aluminum-silicon alloy material, which, by mass percentage, comprises the following raw materials:

[0007] Si: 8.3~9.5%, Cu: 1.8~2.6%, Mg: 1.2~1.5%, Mn: 0.8~1.3%, CeB6: 0.02~0.07%, MoSi2: 0.07~0.12%, with the remainder being Al and unavoidable impurities;

[0008] The mass percentages of CeB6 and MoSi2 satisfy the following relationship: 1.9 ≤ [MoSi2] / [CeB6] ≤ 2.4; where [MoSi2] represents the mass percentage of MoSi2 and [CeB6] represents the mass percentage of CeB6.

[0009] The mass percentages of Si, Cu, Mg, and Mn satisfy the following relationship: 0% < [Cu] + 2.7 × [Mg] + 3.2 × [Mn] - [Si] ≤ 0.5%; where [Cu] represents the mass percentage of Cu, [Mg] represents the mass percentage of Mg, [Mn] represents the mass percentage of Mn, and [Si] represents the mass percentage of Si.

[0010] Furthermore, the value of [MoSi2] / [CeB6] is 2.2.

[0011] Furthermore, the value of [Cu]+2.7×[Mg]+3.2×[Mn]-[Si] is 0.18%.

[0012] Furthermore, by weight percentage, the aluminum-silicon alloy material comprises the following raw materials:

[0013] Si: 9.1%, Cu: 2.3%, Mg: 1.4%, Mn: 1.0%, CeB6: 0.04%, MoSi2: 0.088%, with the remainder being Al and unavoidable impurities.

[0014] Secondly, based on the same inventive concept, this invention provides a method for preparing the aluminum-silicon alloy material described in the first aspect, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the preparation method of the aluminum-silicon alloy material includes the following steps:

[0015] Raw materials are weighed according to the composition ratio of aluminum-silicon alloy materials, and then melted and cast to obtain alloy ingots.

[0016] The alloy ingot is subjected to solution quenching and aging treatment to obtain the aluminum-silicon alloy material.

[0017] Further, the steps of weighing raw materials according to the composition ratio of aluminum-silicon alloy materials, followed by melting and casting to obtain alloy ingots include the following processes:

[0018] First, the Al component is melted to a semi-molten state at a temperature of 720~735℃, and then the Cu, Mg and Mn components are added. Then, the temperature is raised to 915~930℃ and melted to a molten state, and then the Si component is added. Finally, the temperature is raised to 1050~1065℃ and melted to a molten state, and then the CeB6 and MoSi2 components are added. The mixture is then slag removed and stirred evenly to obtain the first alloy melt.

[0019] The first alloy melt is refined to obtain the second alloy melt;

[0020] The second alloy melt is poured to obtain the alloy ingot.

[0021] Furthermore, the refining temperature is 720~740℃.

[0022] Furthermore, the pouring temperature is 685~695℃.

[0023] Furthermore, the solution quenching treatment step includes the following process:

[0024] The alloy ingot is first held at 460~480℃ for 6.5~7.5h, then heated to 505~520℃ and held for 2.5~3.5h, and finally water quenched to obtain the alloy ingot after solution quenching treatment.

[0025] Furthermore, the timeliness processing steps include the following procedures:

[0026] The alloy ingot after solution quenching is first held at 80-90℃ for 10-12 hours, then heated to 150-165℃ and held for 24-48 hours, and finally water quenched to obtain the aluminum-silicon alloy material.

[0027] The technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present invention have at least the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0028] This invention provides an aluminum-silicon alloy material and its preparation method. Based on existing aluminum-silicon alloy materials, this invention mainly introduces CeB6 and MoSi2 and further optimizes the proportions of each component, significantly improving the comprehensive mechanical properties of the aluminum-silicon alloy material, such as tensile strength and elongation at break. This results in a high-performance aluminum-silicon alloy material that can fully meet the performance requirements of high-end fields such as aerospace. Specifically:

[0029] On the one hand, the present invention mainly introduces CeB6 and MoSi2 and controls the value of [MoSi2] / [CeB6] (i.e., the mass percentage of MoSi2 divided by the mass percentage of CeB6) to be 1.9~2.4. This not only improves the mechanical properties of the material at high temperature, but also avoids problems such as grain boundary embrittlement caused by excessive MoSi2 relative to CeB6 and grain coarsening caused by insufficient CeB6 relative to MoSi2.

[0030] On the other hand, by adjusting the content of Cu, Mg, and Mn and limiting the dosage relationship of the present invention, the microstructure of the alloy can be effectively improved, and the comprehensive mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation at break of the aluminum-silicon alloy material can be further enhanced. Attached Figure Description

[0031] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.

[0032] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0033] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating the preparation method of aluminum-silicon alloy material provided in this embodiment of the invention. Detailed Implementation

[0034] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] Unless otherwise specified, all raw materials, reagents, instruments, and equipment used in this invention can be purchased commercially or prepared using existing methods. For example, Al, Cu, Mg, Mn, and Si components can all be commercially available high-purity (≥99.9%) elemental substances, and CeB6 and MoSi2 components can all be commercially available or self-made high-purity (≥99.9%) nanoscale particles. Furthermore, unless otherwise specified or detailed, the steps and parameters involved can be performed according to the aluminum-silicon alloy material preparation process steps and parameters disclosed in existing technologies such as CN104264016A, CN114318073A, CN116694965A, and CN119571145A, or directly using existing equipment according to the instruction manual. These will not be elaborated upon further in this invention document.

[0036] The present invention will be further illustrated below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Experimental methods in the following embodiments, unless otherwise specified, are generally performed according to national standards. If no corresponding national standard exists, then generally accepted international standards, conventional conditions, or conditions recommended by the manufacturer are followed.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] This example provides an aluminum-silicon alloy material, which, by mass percentage, comprises the following raw materials: Si: 9.1%, Cu: 2.3%, Mg: 1.4%, Mn: 1.0%, CeB6: 0.04%, MoSi2: 0.088%, with the remainder being Al and unavoidable impurities; wherein, the value of [MoSi2] / [CeB6] is 2.2, and the value of [Cu] + 2.7 × [Mg] + 3.2 × [Mn] - [Si] is 0.18%.

[0039] The preparation method of the above-mentioned aluminum-silicon alloy material includes the following steps:

[0040] Step (1): Weigh the raw materials according to the composition ratio of aluminum-silicon alloy material. First, melt the Al component to a semi-molten state at 730℃, then add the Cu, Mg and Mn components. Then, heat the temperature to 925℃ to melt the Si component. Finally, heat the temperature to 1060℃ to melt the CeB6 and MoSi2 components. Let it stand for 10 minutes, remove slag and stir evenly to obtain the first alloy melt. Add 0.4% of C2Cl6 refining agent to the first alloy melt and refine it at 730℃ for 15 minutes. Then, introduce high-purity argon gas into the melt and continue for 4 minutes to remove gas and impurities for refining. After removing slag, let it stand for 8 minutes. After removing slag, obtain the second alloy melt. Cast the second alloy melt into a mold with a preheated temperature of 250℃ at 690℃ and solidify to obtain an alloy ingot.

[0041] Step (2): The alloy ingot obtained in step (1) is first held at 470°C for 7 hours, then heated to 510°C and held for 3 hours, and finally quenched in water to obtain the alloy ingot after solution quenching; the alloy ingot after solution quenching is first held at 85°C for 11 hours, then heated to 150~165°C and held for 24~48 hours, and finally quenched in water to obtain the aluminum-silicon alloy material.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] This example provides an aluminum-silicon alloy material and its preparation method, which differs from Example 1 only in that:

[0044] (1) The aluminum-silicon alloy material comprises the following raw materials by mass percentage: Si: 8.34%, Cu: 2.5%, Mg: 1.4%, Mn: 0.8%, CeB6: 0.038%, MoSi2: 0.0722%, with the remainder being Al and unavoidable impurities; wherein, the value of [MoSi2] / [CeB6] is 1.9, and the value of [Cu]+2.7×[Mg]+3.2×[Mn]-[Si] is 0.50%.

[0045] Example 3

[0046] This example provides an aluminum-silicon alloy material and its preparation method, which differs from Example 1 only in that:

[0047] (1) The aluminum-silicon alloy material comprises the following raw materials by mass percentage: Si: 9.5%, Cu: 1.8%, Mg: 1.2%, Mn: 1.5%, CeB6: 0.05%, MoSi2: 0.12%, with the remainder being Al and unavoidable impurities; wherein the value of [MoSi2] / [CeB6] is 2.4, and the value of [Cu]+2.7×[Mg]+3.2×[Mn]-[Si] is 0.34%.

[0048] Comparative Example 1

[0049] This example provides an aluminum-silicon alloy material and its preparation method, which differs from Example 1 only in that:

[0050] (1) The aluminum-silicon alloy material comprises the following raw materials by mass percentage: Si: 9.1%, Cu: 2.3%, Mg: 1.4%, Mn: 1.0%, CeB6: 0.04%, MoSi2: 0.152%, with the remainder being Al and unavoidable impurities; wherein the value of [MoSi2] / [CeB6] is 3.8, and the value of [Cu]+2.7×[Mg]+3.2×[Mn]-[Si] is 0.18%.

[0051] Comparative Example 2

[0052] This example provides an aluminum-silicon alloy material and its preparation method, which differs from Example 1 only in that:

[0053] (1) The aluminum-silicon alloy material comprises the following raw materials by mass percentage: Si: 8.0%, Cu: 3.2%, Mg: 1.8%, Mn: 0.5%, CeB6: 0.04%, MoSi2: 0.088%, with the remainder being Al and unavoidable impurities; wherein, the value of [MoSi2] / [CeB6] is 2.2, and the value of [Cu]+2.7×[Mg]+3.2×[Mn]-[Si] is 1.66%.

[0054] Test case

[0055] This example demonstrates the mechanical properties of the aluminum-silicon alloy materials obtained in the above embodiments and comparative examples. The tensile strength and elongation were tested according to existing methods such as GB / T 228.1-2010 "Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 1: Test at room temperature". The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0056] Table 1

[0057]

[0058] As shown in Table 1, compared with Comparative Examples 1-2, the comprehensive mechanical properties of the aluminum-silicon alloy material provided in the embodiments of the present invention, such as tensile strength and elongation at break, are significantly improved, indicating that the present invention provides an aluminum-silicon alloy material with high tensile strength, high elongation at break, and other high performance.

[0059] In summary, the embodiments of the present invention provide an aluminum-silicon alloy material and its preparation method. Based on existing aluminum-silicon alloy materials, the present invention mainly introduces CeB6 and MoSi2 and further optimizes the proportion of each component to significantly improve the comprehensive mechanical properties of the aluminum-silicon alloy material, such as tensile strength and elongation at break, thereby obtaining a high-performance aluminum-silicon alloy material that can fully meet the performance requirements of aluminum-silicon alloy materials in high-end fields such as aerospace.

[0060] Various embodiments of the present invention may exist in the form of a range; it should be understood that the description in the form of a range is merely for convenience and brevity and should not be construed as a hard limitation on the scope of the invention; therefore, it should be considered that the range description has specifically disclosed all possible subranges and single numerical values ​​within that range. For example, it should be considered that the range description from 1 to 6 has specifically disclosed subranges such as from 1 to 3, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 5, from 2 to 4, from 2 to 6, from 3 to 6, etc., and single numbers within the range, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, regardless of the range. Furthermore, whenever a numerical range is referred to herein, it means including any referenced number (fraction or integer) within the range referred to.

[0061] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features claimed herein.

Claims

1. An aluminum-silicon alloy material, characterized in that, The aluminum-silicon alloy material comprises the following raw materials by weight percentage: Si: 8.3~9.5%, Cu: 1.8~2.6%, Mg: 1.2~1.5%, Mn: 0.8~1.3%, CeB6: 0.02~0.07%, MoSi2: 0.07~0.12%, with the remainder being Al and unavoidable impurities; The mass percentages of CeB6 and MoSi2 satisfy the following relationship: 1.9 ≤ [MoSi2] / [CeB6] ≤ 2.4; where [MoSi2] represents the mass percentage of MoSi2 and [CeB6] represents the mass percentage of CeB6. The mass percentages of Si, Cu, Mg, and Mn satisfy the following relationship: 0% < [Cu] + 2.7 × [Mg] + 3.2 × [Mn] - [Si] ≤ 0.5%; where [Cu] represents the mass percentage of Cu, [Mg] represents the mass percentage of Mg, [Mn] represents the mass percentage of Mn, and [Si] represents the mass percentage of Si.

2. The aluminum-silicon alloy material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The value of [MoSi2] / [CeB6] is 2.

2.

3. The aluminum-silicon alloy material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The value of [Cu]+2.7×[Mg]+3.2×[Mn]-[Si] is 0.18%.

4. The aluminum-silicon alloy material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aluminum-silicon alloy material comprises the following raw materials by weight percentage: Si: 9.1%, Cu: 2.3%, Mg: 1.4%, Mn: 1.0%, CeB6: 0.04%, MoSi2: 0.088%, with the remainder being Al and unavoidable impurities.

5. A method for preparing an aluminum-silicon alloy material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The preparation method of the aluminum-silicon alloy material includes the following steps: Raw materials are weighed according to the composition ratio of aluminum-silicon alloy materials, and then melted and cast to obtain alloy ingots. The alloy ingot is subjected to solution quenching and aging treatment to obtain the aluminum-silicon alloy material.

6. The method for preparing the aluminum-silicon alloy material according to claim 5, characterized in that, The steps involved in weighing raw materials according to the composition ratio of aluminum-silicon alloy materials, followed by melting and casting to obtain alloy ingots, include the following processes: First, the Al component is melted to a semi-molten state at a temperature of 720~735℃, and then the Cu, Mg and Mn components are added. Then, the temperature is raised to 915~930℃ and melted to a molten state, and then the Si component is added. Finally, the temperature is raised to 1050~1065℃ and melted to a molten state, and then the CeB6 and MoSi2 components are added. The mixture is then slag removed and stirred evenly to obtain the first alloy melt. The first alloy melt is refined to obtain the second alloy melt; The second alloy melt is poured to obtain the alloy ingot.

7. The method for preparing the aluminum-silicon alloy material according to claim 6, characterized in that, The refining temperature is 720~740℃.

8. The method for preparing the aluminum-silicon alloy material according to claim 6, characterized in that, The pouring temperature is 685~695℃.

9. The method for preparing the aluminum-silicon alloy material according to claim 5, characterized in that, The solution quenching process includes the following steps: The alloy ingot is first held at 460~480℃ for 6.5~7.5h, then heated to 505~520℃ and held for 2.5~3.5h, and finally water quenched to obtain the alloy ingot after solution quenching treatment.

10. The method for preparing the aluminum-silicon alloy material according to claim 9, characterized in that, The timeliness processing steps include the following procedures: The alloy ingot after solution quenching is first held at 80-90℃ for 10-12 hours, then heated to 150-165℃ and held for 24-48 hours, and finally water quenched to obtain the aluminum-silicon alloy material.

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