Opening method of desilting bottom hole gate

Abstract

The invention discloses an opening method of a desilting bottom hole gate, which is realized through a gate body with a silt flushing function, the desilting bottom hole gate comprises a silt flushing pipeline arranged in the gate body, an inlet of the silt flushing pipeline is connected with a high-pressure water supply device on the outer side of the gate body, and an outlet of the silt flushing pipeline is arranged on an upstream face and a downstream face of the gate body. A check ring fixedly connected with the inner wall of the pipeline is arranged at an outlet of each silt flushing pipeline, and a fixing plate and a one-way opening fender are arranged on the outlet side of each check ring. The opening method comprises the steps that firstly, the high-pressure water supply device is started, the fender is opened under the action of the water flow pressure of an outlet of the silt flushing pipeline, silt deposited near the gate body is flushed away through silt flushing water flow, meanwhile, the deposited silt is disturbed, and after the opening resistance of the gate body is reduced, the gate body is opened. The operation mode that silt is flushed first and then the gate is opened is adopted, the gate opening force of the gate is reduced, the gate can be normally opened, silt in front of the gate is discharged to the downstream of a reservoir in time, and silt in a reservoir area is removed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of siltation treatment technology in reservoir areas of rivers with high sediment loads, and in particular to a method for opening a bottom discharge gate for sand discharge. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing number of high dams and large reservoirs built on rivers with high sediment content, multiple flood discharge and sediment flushing gates are typically installed to ensure that these reservoirs do not suffer reduced benefits or even loss of function due to siltation. These gates are used to effectively and promptly discharge sediment from the reservoir area during floods. Because the flood discharge and sediment flushing gates must withstand not only significant water pressure but also sediment pressure, compared to gates on rivers with low sediment content that withstand the same water head, the capacity of the associated hoists is increased. Furthermore, siltation can cause serious accidents due to the gates failing to open and close properly. These accidents can range from minor damage to the hoisting equipment caused by overload to serious consequences such as damage to the gate structure, dam structure, and the safety of people and property downstream. Additionally, the inability to promptly discharge upstream sediment can lead to its accumulation within the reservoir, reducing its beneficial storage capacity.

[0003] To address the problem of sluice gates failing to open and close properly due to siltation in silt-laden rivers, engineers have employed various methods. One approach involved increasing the capacity of the gate hoists. Another involved using dredging vessels and other equipment to remove silt when the water level in front of the gate was low. However, these methods are reactive and reactive, resulting in drawbacks such as being time-consuming, labor-intensive, and ineffective. Another approach involves pre-burying flushing pipes within concrete structures near the gates. When siltation occurs in front of the gates, the flushing system is activated. However, this method is problematic because the flushing pipes are far from the silt. Using large-diameter flushing pipes with high pressure results in high operating and maintenance costs, while using smaller-diameter pipes leads to poor flushing efficiency. Furthermore, pre-burying flushing pipes within concrete structures often results in pipe damage and failure within the reservoir's decades-long service life due to the lack of maintenance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a method for opening a sand-discharging bottom hole gate, specifically employing the following technical solution: The opening method of the bottom gate of the sand discharge outlet described in this invention is achieved through a gate body with silt flushing function. The gate body includes a silt flushing pipe installed inside it. The inlet of the silt flushing pipe is connected to a high-pressure water supply device on the outside of the gate body. The outlet of the silt flushing pipe is located on the water-facing side and the water-repellent side of the gate body. Each outlet of the silt flushing pipe is provided with a retaining ring fixedly connected to the inner wall of the pipe. The outlet side of the retaining ring is provided with an upper fixed plate and a lower mudguard plate. The fixed plate is fixedly connected to the retaining ring, and the mudguard plate is hinged to the fixed plate and can be opened in one direction. The opening method includes: first, starting the high-pressure water supply device, so that the baffle plate opens under the water flow pressure at the outlet of the flushing pipe. The flushing water flow washes away the silt accumulated near the gate body, and at the same time disturbs the already accumulated silt, reducing the adhesion and friction of the silt to the gate body. After the opening resistance of the gate body is reduced, the gate body is opened.

[0005] Preferably, the gate leaf structure of the gate body is provided with lifting lugs at the top, and supporting structures are provided on the side beams of the gate leaf structure. A water-retaining panel is provided on the water-facing surface of the gate leaf structure, and a water-stopping structure is provided around the perimeter of the water-retaining panel. This structure not only effectively blocks water but also facilitates lifting the gate body to the dam surface for maintenance and upkeep. Through routine maintenance and timely inspection, the long-term safe operation of the gate is ensured.

[0006] Preferably, the flushing pipe is made of rigid steel pipe, which is connected to the high-pressure water supply device via a high-pressure resistant hose. This connection method fully accommodates the requirements of gate opening and closing, preventing pipe bending or breakage due to gate operation. Furthermore, the upper high-pressure resistant hose is connected to the rigid steel pipe via a detachable flange; when the gate needs to be raised to the dam surface for maintenance, simply disassemble the flange connecting the high-pressure resistant hose and the rigid steel pipe.

[0007] Preferably, the flushing pipe includes a vertical pipe extending downward from the top of the gate leaf structure, and a horizontal pipe located above the bottom beam of the gate leaf structure is connected to the bottom of the vertical pipe. The horizontal pipe is arranged along the water flow direction, and the front end of the horizontal pipe extends to the outer edge of the water baffle panel and is flush with the water baffle panel. The rear end of the horizontal pipe extends to the outer edge of the bottom beam of the gate leaf structure and is flush with the outer edge of the bottom beam.

[0008] The location of the aforementioned transverse pipe is the best option after comprehensive evaluation based on the characteristics of rivers with high sediment content, dam structure layout, reservoir siltation morphology, siltation characteristics, and gate structure. It can effectively flush away the silt near the gate and create maximum disturbance to the already accumulated sediment, thereby reducing the gate opening force and enabling the gate to open normally.

[0009] Preferably, the high-pressure water supply device uses a water transmission pipeline connected to the surface water of the upstream reservoir, the water transmission pipeline is equipped with a control valve, and the water transmission pipeline is connected to the high-pressure resistant hose.

[0010] Since silt-prone gates are generally located at the bottom discharge outlets of dams on rivers with high sediment loads, and there is a certain elevation difference between the bottom discharge outlets and the surface water of the upstream reservoir, high-pressure water generated by the potential energy of the water flow can be used to divert surface water from the upstream reservoir through pipelines into the pipes within the gate body. This water can then force open the mudguards and disperse the silt accumulated near the gate. This method of generating flushing water has the advantages of being time-saving, labor-saving, and requiring no additional energy consumption.

[0011] Preferably, the high-pressure water supply device adopts a booster pump, which is installed on a concrete platform at the top of the gate body. The inlet of the booster pump is connected to a normal pressure water source, and the outlet of the booster pump is connected to the high-pressure resistant hose.

[0012] By employing a booster pump, a stable pressure is ensured in the pressurized water flow output to the flushing pipe, which can effectively and promptly breach the mudguards and disperse the silt accumulated near the gate. This high-pressure flushing method has the advantages of stable flushing pressure, easy maintenance of the flushing system, and significant flushing effect.

[0013] Preferably, multiple flushing pipes are provided, and each flushing pipe is equipped with a corresponding booster pump. For gates with a large width, the above arrangement can be adopted to achieve a time-sharing and segmented flushing scheme, effectively reducing pump energy consumption and achieving the best flushing effect. Furthermore, maintenance of some pumps does not affect the normal operation of other pumps.

[0014] Preferably, both the flushing pipe and the retaining ring are circular structures, and both the fixing plate and the mudguard are segmental structures. The outer diameter of the circle formed by the fixed plate and the mudguard after assembly is smaller than the inner diameter of the flushing pipe and larger than the inner diameter of the retaining ring. This structure ensures that the mudguard can open smoothly under water pressure.

[0015] Preferably, the retaining ring is disposed inside the flushing pipe, and the distance between the retaining ring and the outer end of the flushing pipe is 1 to 1.5 times the inner diameter of the flushing pipe. This arrangement of the retaining ring avoids direct contact with a large amount of silt on the front side of the gate body, which helps reduce the opening resistance of the mudguard, allowing it to open smoothly and thus achieving automatic hydraulic flushing.

[0016] The present invention provides a method for opening a bottom-hole gate for discharging sand. The gate body is ingeniously structured, easy to manufacture, low in cost, and easy to maintain. When the gate is closed, the one-way opening mudguard and fixing plate seal the outlet end of the flushing pipe where the retaining ring is located, preventing silt from entering the gate body. Before opening the gate, the high-pressure water supply device is turned on periodically. The mudguard opens under the pressure of the water flow, flushing away the silt accumulated near the gate. At the same time, it disturbs the already accumulated silt, reduces the gate opening force, and enables the gate to open normally, thereby timely discharging the silt in front of the gate to the downstream of the reservoir and clearing the silt in the reservoir area. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the gate body described in this invention.

[0018] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the water-facing structure of the central gate body.

[0019] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the backwater surface structure of the central gate body.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the vertical and horizontal pipes of the silt flushing pipeline in this invention.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation position of the retaining ring in the sludge flushing pipe in this invention.

[0022] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the retaining ring, fixing plate and mudguard in this invention.

[0023] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the mudguard in the open state in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are implemented based on the technical solution of the present invention, and detailed implementation methods and specific working processes are given. However, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0025] like Figure 1-7 As shown, the opening method of the bottom discharge gate of the present invention is achieved through a gate body 1 with silt flushing function. The gate body 1 is set at the bottom discharge gate of the dam, and a silt flushing pipe 2 is set inside it. The inlet of the silt flushing pipe 2 is connected to a high-pressure water supply device 3 on the outside of the gate body 1. The outlet of the silt flushing pipe 2 is set on the water-facing side and the water-repellent side of the gate body 1. The outlet of the silt flushing pipe 2 is provided with a retaining ring 4 fixedly connected to the inner wall of the pipe. A fixed plate 5 is set on the outlet side of the retaining ring 4 and a mudguard 6 is set on the upper side. The fixed plate 5 is fixedly connected to the retaining ring 4, and the mudguard 6 is hinged to the fixed plate 5 and can be opened in one direction.

[0026] The gate body 1 includes a gate leaf structure composed of a crossbeam 11, longitudinal beams 12, side beams 13, and bottom beam 14. The top of the gate leaf structure is equipped with lifting lugs 15 for connecting to the hoist, facilitating the lowering of the gate body 1 or its lifting to the dam surface for maintenance and upkeep. Through daily maintenance and timely inspection, the long-term safe operation of the gate is ensured. The side beams 13 on both sides of the gate leaf structure are equipped with support structures including support wheels 16 (located on the back side) and sliders 17 (located on the front side). When connected to the gate slot guide rail, these structures reduce the movement resistance of the gate body 1, allowing it to rise or fall smoothly along the gate slot guide rail. A water-blocking panel 18 is provided on the front side of the gate leaf structure. The periphery of the water-blocking panel 16 is equipped with a water-stopping structure 19 composed of a water-stop strip and a water-stop pressure plate, effectively sealing and blocking water after the gate body 1 is positioned in the gate slot. The lifting lugs 15, support wheels 16, and sliders 17 are slidably connected to the gate slot guide rail. When the hoist is working, it can make the gate body 1 rise or fall smoothly along the gate groove guide rail.

[0027] The flushing and siltation pipe 2 is made of rigid steel pipe, which is connected to the high-pressure water supply device 3 via a high-pressure resistant hose 7. This connection method fully meets the requirements of gate opening and closing, preventing pipe bending or breakage caused by the gate's vertical opening and closing. Furthermore, the upper high-pressure resistant hose 7 is connected to the rigid steel pipe via a detachable flange. When the gate body 1 needs to be raised to the dam surface for maintenance, simply disassemble the flange connecting the high-pressure resistant hose 7 and the rigid steel pipe.

[0028] The aforementioned high-pressure water supply device 3 can be a water conveyance pipeline with control valves connected to the surface water of the upstream reservoir. Since there is a certain elevation difference between the bottom discharge orifice of the gate body 1 and the surface water of the upstream reservoir, high-pressure water generated by the water flow potential energy can be used to guide the surface water from the upstream reservoir through the pipeline to the flushing pipe 2 of the gate body 1, thus flushing away the mudguard 6 and dispersing the silt accumulated near the gate. This method of generating flushing water has the advantages of saving time and effort and requiring no additional energy. However, because the generated high-pressure water is unstable, when the head difference is small, the flushing system cannot work properly, causing the flushing function to fail and leading to serious consequences.

[0029] Therefore, under normal circumstances, the high-pressure water supply device 3 uses a booster pump installed on a concrete platform at the top of the gate body 1. The inlet of the booster pump is connected to a normal pressure water source, and the outlet of the booster pump is connected to a high-pressure resistant hose 7. The aforementioned high-pressure water supply device 3 can ensure that the pressurized water flow output to the flushing pipe 2 has a stable pressure, which can promptly and effectively flush away the mudguard 6 and disperse the silt accumulated near the gate body. This high-pressure flushing method has the advantages of stable flushing pressure, easy maintenance of the flushing system, and obvious flushing effect.

[0030] The design flow rate of the aforementioned booster pump should be determined comprehensively based on parameters such as the sediment content, siltation pattern, discharge gate orifice size, and layout of the flushing and siltation pipeline in the river where the reservoir is located. The head should be determined reasonably after considering the layout of the flushing and siltation pipeline, as well as parameters such as the friction loss along the pipeline, local head loss in the pipeline, and the flow velocity at the mudguard. Generally, a rated flow rate of 400 m³ / h is selected. 3 / h~550m 3 A water pump with a rated head of 40m~50m and a rated power of 90kW~110kW is used to achieve a flow velocity of 20m / s~30m / s at the outlet of the sludge flushing pipe 2.

[0031] The aforementioned flushing pipes 2 are typically arranged in multiple sections, each including a vertical pipe 21 extending downwards from the top of the gate structure. The bottom of the vertical pipe 21 is connected to a horizontal pipe 22 located above the bottom beam 14 of the gate structure. The horizontal pipe 22 is arranged along the water flow direction, with its front end extending to the outer edge of the water-retaining panel 18 and flush with it, and its rear end located at the outer edge of the bottom beam 14 of the gate structure and flush with it. When the river has a high sediment content and severe siltation, branch pipes with horizontal pipes 22 can be installed near the bottom of the vertical pipe 21 to increase the number of flushing water outlets, effectively flushing away silt near the gate and maximizing the disturbance of accumulated sediment. Each vertical pipe 21 is equipped with a corresponding booster pump, and the spacing between adjacent vertical pipes 21 is typically 500mm to 800mm. For gates with a large width, the above-mentioned arrangement of multiple booster pumps can realize a time-sharing and segmented sludge flushing scheme, effectively reducing pump energy consumption and achieving the best sludge flushing effect. Furthermore, maintenance of some pumps will not affect the normal operation of other pumps.

[0032] Both the aforementioned flushing pipe 2 and the retaining ring 4 are circular structures, while the fixing plate 5 and the mudguard 6 are both segmental structures. The outer diameter of the circle formed by the combined fixing plate 5 and the mudguard 6 is smaller than the inner diameter of the flushing pipe 2 but larger than the inner diameter of the retaining ring 4. This structure ensures that the mudguard 6 can open smoothly under water pressure. Preferably, the retaining ring 4 is located inside the flushing pipe 2, and the distance between the retaining ring 4 and the end of the flushing pipe 2 is 1 to 1.5 times the inner diameter of the flushing pipe 2. This arrangement of the retaining ring 4 avoids direct contact with a large amount of silt on the front side of the gate body 1, which helps reduce the opening resistance of the mudguard 6, allowing it to open smoothly and thus achieving automatic hydraulic flushing.

[0033] The method for opening the bottom gate of the sand discharge outlet of the present invention includes: when it is necessary to open the gate body 1, firstly start the high-pressure water supply device 3, so that the mud baffle 6 opens under the action of the water flow pressure at the outlet of the silt flushing pipe 2, the silt flushing water flow flushes away the silt accumulated near the gate body 1, and at the same time disturbs the silt that has been accumulated. After the opening resistance of the gate body 1 is reduced, the gate body 1 is opened to realize the silt removal of the reservoir area.

[0034] When the gate is closed, the one-way opening mudguard and fixing plate seal the outlet end of the flushing pipe where the retaining ring is located, preventing silt from entering the gate body. Before opening the gate, the high-pressure water supply device is turned on periodically. The mudguard opens under the pressure of the water flow, flushing away the silt accumulated near the gate. At the same time, it disturbs the already accumulated silt, reduces the gate opening force, and enables the gate to open normally, thereby timely discharging the silt in front of the gate to the downstream of the reservoir and clearing the silt in the reservoir area.

[0035] It should be noted that in the description of this invention, terms such as "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer" indicating orientation or positional relationships are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

Claims

1. A method for opening a bottom-hole gate for sand discharge, implemented through a gate body with silt flushing function, characterized in that: The gate body includes a flushing pipe installed inside it. The inlet of the flushing pipe is connected to a high-pressure water supply device on the outside of the gate body. The outlet of the flushing pipe is located on the water-facing and back-facing sides of the gate body. Each outlet of the flushing pipe is equipped with a retaining ring that is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the pipe. The outlet side of the retaining ring is equipped with an upper fixed plate and a lower mudguard plate. The fixed plate is fixedly connected to the retaining ring, and the mudguard plate is hinged to the fixed plate and can be opened in one direction. The opening method includes: first, starting the high-pressure water supply device, so that the baffle plate opens under the water flow pressure at the outlet of the flushing pipe. The flushing water flow washes away the silt accumulated near the gate body, and at the same time disturbs the already accumulated silt, reducing the adhesion and friction of the silt to the gate body. After the opening resistance of the gate body is reduced, the gate body is opened.

2. The method for opening the sand discharge bottom hole gate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gate body has a lifting lug on the top of the gate leaf structure, a supporting structure on the two side beams of the gate leaf structure, a water-blocking panel on the water-facing surface of the gate leaf structure, and a water-stopping structure around the perimeter of the water-blocking panel.

3. The method for opening the sand discharge bottom hole gate according to claim 2, characterized in that: The flushing pipe is made of rigid steel pipe and is connected to the high-pressure water supply device through a high-pressure resistant hose.

4. The method for opening the sand discharge bottom hole gate according to claim 2, characterized in that: The flushing pipe includes a vertical pipe extending downward from the top of the gate leaf structure. The bottom of the vertical pipe is connected to a horizontal pipe located above the bottom beam of the gate leaf structure. The horizontal pipe is arranged along the water flow direction, and the front end of the horizontal pipe extends to the outer edge of the water-retaining panel and is flush with the water-retaining panel. The rear end of the horizontal pipe extends to the outer edge of the bottom beam of the gate leaf structure and is flush with the outer edge of the bottom beam.

5. The method for opening the sand discharge bottom hole gate according to claim 3, characterized in that: The high-pressure water supply device uses a water transmission pipeline connected to the surface water of the upstream reservoir. The water transmission pipeline is equipped with a control valve and is connected to the high-pressure resistant hose.

6. The method for opening the sand discharge bottom hole gate according to claim 3, characterized in that: The high-pressure water supply device uses a booster pump, which is installed on a concrete platform at the top of the gate body. The inlet of the booster pump is connected to a normal pressure water source, and the outlet of the booster pump is connected to the high-pressure resistant hose.

7. The method for opening the sand discharge bottom hole gate according to claim 6, characterized in that: There are multiple flushing pipes, and each flushing pipe is equipped with a booster pump.

8. The method for opening the sand discharge bottom hole gate according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the flushing pipe and the retaining ring are circular structures, and both the fixing plate and the mudguard are circular segments. The outer diameter of the circle formed by the fixing plate and the mudguard after being assembled is smaller than the inner diameter of the flushing pipe and larger than the inner diameter of the retaining ring.

9. The method for opening the sand discharge bottom hole gate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The retaining ring is installed inside the flushing pipe, and the distance between the retaining ring and the outer end of the flushing pipe is 1 to 1.5 times the inner diameter of the flushing pipe.

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