High-voltage cable tunnel lighting system based on solar well lid and control method

Abstract

The invention provides a high-voltage cable tunnel lighting system based on a solar well lid and a control method, and relates to the technical field of power transmission and distribution cables. The system comprises at least one solar well lid, an energy storage module, an electric energy conversion module, an intelligent control module and a lighting module, the solar well lid is used for generating electric energy according to a flexible photovoltaic panel arranged on the solar well lid and storing the generated electric energy into the energy storage module; the electric energy conversion module is used for converting the direct current in the energy storage module into alternating current and transmitting the alternating current to the lighting module; and the intelligent control module is used for acquiring the environment temperature and humidity of the target high-voltage cable tunnel and the brightness of the target high-voltage cable tunnel, and controlling the brightness of the lighting module to be maintained above the preset brightness through the PWM technology according to the environment temperature and humidity and the brightness of the target high-voltage cable tunnel. The operation stability and the energy utilization rate of the lighting system in a complex environment can be ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power transmission and distribution cable technology, and in particular to a high-voltage cable tunnel lighting system and control method based on solar-powered manhole covers. Background Technology

[0002] With high-voltage cables widely laid in tunnels, tunnel lighting generally relies on centralized mains power. However, due to the enclosed structure and complex wiring of tunnels, traditional power supply solutions have the following problems: (1) Difficulty in accessing power supply: The laying of lines inside the tunnel is limited and there is a lack of power access points, which makes the lighting system difficult to access and maintain and poses significant technical challenges and safety hazards.

[0003] (2) High maintenance costs: Due to the complexity of the lines, the cost of troubleshooting, repair and maintenance of centralized power supply systems increases significantly. At the same time, the system is not stable enough and is prone to partial power outages.

[0004] (3) Insufficient energy utilization: The lack of green energy forms has resulted in low overall energy utilization efficiency.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new type of self-powered tunnel lighting system that can achieve energy self-sufficiency and efficient utilization through intelligent power management, thereby meeting the stability requirements of tunnel lighting. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention provides a high-voltage cable tunnel lighting system and control method based on solar-powered manhole covers to ensure the stability and energy efficiency of the lighting system in complex environments.

[0007] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a high-voltage cable tunnel lighting system based on a solar-powered manhole cover, comprising: at least one solar-powered manhole cover, an energy storage module, an energy conversion module, an intelligent control module, and a lighting module; Solar-powered manhole covers are used to generate electricity from flexible photovoltaic panels installed on the covers and store the generated electricity in energy storage modules. The solar-powered manhole cover is composed of multiple independent photovoltaic modules and a main body of the cover, with each part connected by mechanical fasteners or magnetic structures. A light guide plate is installed at the bottom of the solar-powered manhole cover.

[0008] The power conversion module is used to convert the direct current in the energy storage module into alternating current and supply it to the lighting module; The intelligent control module is used to acquire the state of charge of the energy storage module, the load power of the lighting module, the ambient temperature and humidity of the target high-voltage cable tunnel, and the brightness of the target high-voltage cable tunnel. Based on the state of charge, load power, ambient temperature and humidity, and brightness, it controls the brightness of the lighting module to maintain it above the preset brightness using PWM technology.

[0009] In one possible implementation, a prefabricated glass is placed at the center of the upper surface of the solar manhole cover, forming a cavity between the prefabricated glass and the manhole cover body, and a flexible photovoltaic panel is placed at the center of the cavity; a rotating device is also installed in the cavity, which is used to adjust the angle and orientation of the flexible photovoltaic panel according to the current angle of sunlight.

[0010] The intelligent control module is also used to acquire the real-time illumination angle, calculate the rotation arc of the rotating device based on the real-time illumination angle, and control the rotating device to move according to the rotation arc, thereby adjusting the angle and orientation of the flexible photovoltaic panel.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the high-voltage cable tunnel lighting system based on solar manhole covers also includes a photovoltaic controller.

[0012] The photovoltaic controller is connected to the flexible photovoltaic panel in the solar manhole cover, which regulates the DC voltage generated by the flexible photovoltaic panel and inputs the regulated DC voltage into the energy storage module.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the energy storage module includes a main battery pack and a backup battery pack; both the main battery pack and the backup battery pack are lithium battery packs.

[0014] The energy storage module is used to obtain the battery charge, health status, and battery temperature of the main battery pack. When the main battery pack has insufficient charge, abnormal health status, or excessively high battery temperature, the backup battery pack is used as a power source to supply power to the lighting module. The main battery pack and the backup battery pack do not supply power to the lighting module at the same time.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the high-voltage cable tunnel lighting system based on solar-powered manhole covers further includes: a mutation recognition module; the mutation recognition module is used for: Multiple transient parameters of a high-voltage cable tunnel lighting system based on solar manhole covers are obtained; among them, the transient parameters include: the photovoltaic voltage of the solar manhole cover, the photovoltaic current of the solar manhole cover, the output voltage of the energy storage module, the output current of the energy storage module, and the power of the power conversion module.

[0016] For any mutation parameter, calculate the difference between the value of the mutation parameter at the previous time step and the value at the current time step, and denot it as the first difference.

[0017] The difference between the first difference and the preset dynamic threshold corresponding to the mutation parameter is compared. If the first difference is greater than the preset dynamic threshold corresponding to the mutation parameter, then the mutation parameter is determined to be abnormal.

[0018] The calculation process for the preset dynamic threshold corresponding to the mutation parameter includes: Based on the values ​​of mutation parameters within a historical time period, determine the maximum and minimum values ​​of the mutation parameters.

[0019] Calculate the difference between the maximum and minimum values, denoted as the second difference, and use half of the second difference as the preset dynamic threshold corresponding to the mutation parameter.

[0020] In one possible implementation, the high-voltage cable tunnel lighting system based on solar-powered manhole covers further includes: a trend analysis module; the trend analysis module is used for: Multiple chronically changing parameters of a high-voltage cable tunnel lighting system based on solar manhole covers were obtained; among them, the chronically changing parameters include the battery capacity of the energy storage module and the conversion efficiency of the power conversion module.

[0021] For any chronically changing parameter, based on multiple historical values ​​of the chronically changing parameter, the linear trend of the chronically changing parameter is fitted using the least squares method to obtain the trend slope; if the trend slope exceeds a preset threshold, it is determined that the chronically changing parameter is abnormal.

[0022] In one possible implementation, the high-voltage cable tunnel lighting system based on solar-powered manhole covers further includes: a multi-parameter consistency verification module; this module is connected to either a mutation identification module or a trend analysis module, and is used for: Obtain the output results of the mutation identification module or the trend analysis module, and record them as the first result.

[0023] If the first result indicates that the chronically changing parameter or the mutation parameter is abnormal, then the parameter related to the chronically changing parameter or the mutation parameter is obtained and denoted as the coupling parameter.

[0024] Based on the first result and the coupling parameters, determine whether there is a parameter change conflict in the chronically changing parameters or the abruptly changing parameters.

[0025] If a conflict occurs due to parameter changes, an alarm will be triggered.

[0026] If no parameter change conflict occurs, no alarm will be triggered.

[0027] In one possible implementation, the high-voltage cable tunnel lighting system based on solar-powered manhole covers further includes: a fault handling module; the fault handling module is connected to a multi-parameter consistency verification module, and the fault handling module is used for: When the result of the multi-parameter consistency verification module is abnormal, the operating parameters of the solar manhole cover, energy storage module and lighting module are obtained.

[0028] Based on the operating parameters of the solar manhole cover, energy storage module, and lighting module, the closest fault is selected from the preset fault template library and recorded as the target fault.

[0029] Use the fault handling solution for the target fault as the handling solution for the current anomaly.

[0030] In one possible implementation, the high-voltage cable tunnel lighting system based on solar-powered manhole covers also includes a communication module.

[0031] The communication module transmits the operation data, energy consumption indicators, and fault warning information of the high-voltage cable tunnel lighting system based on solar manhole covers to the cloud in real time via NB-IoT, LoRa, or WiFi wireless communication.

[0032] The lighting module is also connected to the mains power.

[0033] The intelligent control module is used to detect the power supply status of the mains power. If there is no abnormality or fault in the mains power, it controls the lighting module to connect to the mains power.

[0034] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention provide a high-voltage cable tunnel lighting control method based on solar-powered manhole covers, applied to an intelligent control module in a high-voltage cable tunnel lighting system based on solar-powered manhole covers as described in any of the first aspects. The high-voltage cable tunnel lighting control method based on solar-powered manhole covers includes: The system acquires the state of charge of the energy storage module, the load power of the lighting module, the ambient temperature and humidity of the target high-voltage cable tunnel, and the brightness of the target high-voltage cable tunnel.

[0035] With state of charge and load power as constraints, the brightness of the lighting module is controlled to remain above the preset brightness based on ambient temperature, humidity and brightness using PWM technology.

[0036] In this embodiment of the invention, the ventilation shafts of high-voltage cable tunnels are fully utilized. Solar-powered manhole covers are installed at the entrances of these shafts, and flexible photovoltaic panels are incorporated into the covers. This integrates the traditional power supply system of high-voltage cable tunnels into a distributed power generation device. Even when traditional battery power is difficult to connect, a stable power supply can still be maintained within the tunnel, ensuring the stability of the high-voltage cable tunnel lighting system based on solar-powered manhole covers in complex environments. Furthermore, an intelligent control module ensures constant brightness within the high-voltage cable tunnel, guaranteeing brightness and preventing inconsistencies or excessive brightness, thereby improving energy utilization. Attached Figure Description

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a high-voltage cable tunnel lighting system based on solar-powered manhole covers provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a solar-powered manhole cover provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of a flexible photovoltaic panel provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the power supply for the lighting module provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating the implementation of a high-voltage cable tunnel lighting control method based on solar-powered manhole covers, as provided in this embodiment of the invention. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0039] See Figure 1 The diagram illustrates the structure of a high-voltage cable tunnel lighting system based on a solar-powered manhole cover, as provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Details are as follows: A high-voltage cable tunnel lighting system based on a solar-powered manhole cover includes: at least one solar-powered manhole cover 101, an energy storage module 102, an energy conversion module 103, an intelligent control module 104, and a lighting module 105.

[0040] The solar manhole cover 101 is used to generate electricity from the flexible photovoltaic panels installed on the solar manhole cover 101 and store the generated electricity in the energy storage module 102. The solar manhole cover 101 is composed of multiple independent photovoltaic modules and a manhole cover body spliced ​​together. Each part of the solar manhole cover 101 is connected to each other by mechanical fasteners or magnetic structures; a light guide plate is provided at the bottom of the solar manhole cover.

[0041] The power conversion module 103 is used to convert the DC power in the energy storage module 102 into AC power and supply it to the lighting module 105.

[0042] The intelligent control module 104 is used to acquire the state of charge of the energy storage module 102, the load power of the lighting module 105, the ambient temperature and humidity of the target high-voltage cable tunnel, and the brightness of the target high-voltage cable tunnel. Based on the state of charge, load power, ambient temperature and humidity, and brightness, it controls the brightness of the lighting module 105 to be maintained above the preset brightness using PWM technology.

[0043] For example, the power conversion module is equipped with an inverter. The inverter design adopts advanced power conversion technology and multiple protection measures (such as overload protection, short circuit protection and temperature monitoring) to ensure that the conversion process is efficient and stable and meets the strict requirements of tunnel lighting equipment for power quality.

[0044] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 2As shown, a prefabricated glass panel (composed of multiple independent photovoltaic modules) is positioned at the center of the upper surface (the surface horizontally aligned with the ground) of the solar-powered manhole cover 101. A cavity is formed between the prefabricated glass and the cover body, and a flexible photovoltaic panel is positioned at the center of the cavity. A rotating device is also installed within the cavity to adjust the angle and orientation of the flexible photovoltaic panel according to the current angle of sunlight. The structure of the flexible photovoltaic panel is as follows... Figure 3 As shown. Specifically, when a single photovoltaic module is damaged, only that module can be replaced, without replacing the entire solar manhole cover 101, significantly reducing maintenance costs. The solar manhole cover 101 uses light-transmitting materials to enhance natural lighting, or the photovoltaic module uses high-efficiency bifacial photovoltaic modules, combined with a light guide plate at the bottom of the solar manhole cover 101, which can increase power generation and realize the functional and differentiated applications of the solar manhole cover 101. This design gives the solar manhole cover good maintainability and expandability, improving the long-term economic efficiency and flexibility of the system.

[0045] Among them, precast glass has high load-bearing capacity and high light transmittance. The high load-bearing capacity ensures that the solar manhole cover meets the load-bearing requirements and will not cause damage to the internal components due to passing pedestrians and vehicles. The high light transmittance can meet the requirements of photovoltaic power generation.

[0046] In addition, the prefabricated glass can also serve as an anti-slip and light-transmitting layer. This layer, composed of a microprism array, provides both anti-slip friction and effectively guides incident light to refract onto the flexible photovoltaic panel surface, thus balancing safety and light transmission. To meet load requirements, a metal load-bearing frame is added beneath the solar manhole cover 101. This structural design can withstand vehicle loads exceeding 40 tons, meeting the requirements for use on urban roads and in areas with heavy traffic. Furthermore, the surface of the solar manhole cover 101 is coated with a wear-resistant material, providing scratch and corrosion resistance. An anti-theft buckle or magnetic locking structure is installed between the solar manhole cover 101 and the manhole ring, ensuring the cover does not shift under high loads and facilitating quick disassembly during routine maintenance.

[0047] The intelligent control module 104 is also used to acquire the real-time illumination angle, calculate the rotation arc of the rotating device based on the real-time illumination angle, and control the rotating device to move according to the rotation arc, thereby adjusting the angle and orientation of the flexible photovoltaic panel.

[0048] For example, when the real-time illumination angle is perpendicular to the flexible photovoltaic panel, the utilization rate of the light is maximized. At this time, the target posture of the flexible photovoltaic panel can be determined according to the real-time illumination angle, and then the rotation arc of the rotating device can be obtained according to the deviation between the current posture and the target posture.

[0049] For example, in order to ensure the accurate control of the system, the relevant data must be processed by the built-in digital filtering algorithm after the acquisition is completed to eliminate short-term jitter and high-frequency noise caused by environmental changes in the signal, so as to provide steady-state input for control judgment.

[0050] For example, the flexible photovoltaic panels in the solar manhole cover 101 can combine the reflective properties of ambient light inside the tunnel to improve power generation efficiency.

[0051] Specifically, in the unique environment of high-voltage cable tunnels, photovoltaic panels can fully utilize the reflective characteristics of ambient light within the tunnel to optimize power generation: the concrete or metal surfaces of the tunnel top and side walls diffusely reflect natural light and artificial lighting. Photovoltaic panels, equipped with light sensors, capture the dynamic changes in the intensity and angle of reflected light in real time, and then intelligently adjust their own lighting power output. When there is sufficient reflected light, they automatically reduce the energy consumption of auxiliary lighting and focus on using ambient reflected light to improve photoelectric conversion efficiency; when the reflected light is weak, they appropriately increase the lighting power to supplement the light source, ensuring that a stable and efficient power generation state is maintained under the complex lighting conditions of the tunnel, thereby maximizing the utilization of light resources within the tunnel.

[0052] In one possible implementation, the high-voltage cable tunnel lighting system based on solar manhole covers also includes a photovoltaic controller 106.

[0053] The photovoltaic controller 106 is connected to the flexible photovoltaic panel in the solar manhole cover 101, performs voltage regulation on the DC voltage generated by the flexible photovoltaic panel, and inputs the regulated DC voltage into the energy storage module 102.

[0054] Specifically, the regulated DC voltage input to the energy storage module 102 ensures that the electrical energy reaches the specified voltage standard before being input to the energy storage unit, preventing damage or reduced efficiency of the energy storage device due to fluctuations.

[0055] In one possible implementation, the energy storage module 102 includes a main battery pack 1021 and a backup battery pack 1022; both the main battery pack 1021 and the backup battery pack 1022 are lithium battery packs.

[0056] The energy storage module 102 is used to obtain the battery power, health status and battery temperature of the main battery pack 1021. When the battery power of the main battery pack 1021 is insufficient, the health status is abnormal or the battery temperature is too high, the backup battery pack 1022 is used as a power source to supply power to the lighting module 105. The main battery pack 1021 and the backup battery pack 1022 do not supply power to the lighting module 105 at the same time.

[0057] Specifically, the energy storage module 102 consists of a main battery pack 1021 and a backup battery pack 1022. The two battery packs do not operate simultaneously, using them in shifts to maintain a stable power supply and prevent both packs from running out of power. If the main battery pack 1021 is operating, the backup battery pack 1022 will enter a charging state; conversely, if the backup battery pack 1022 is operating, the main battery pack 1021 will enter a charging state, ensuring the batteries are always charged.

[0058] For example, the intelligent control module 104 also dynamically adjusts the charging and discharging strategy (dynamically selecting whether to charge with the main power supply or the backup power supply) based on the current photovoltaic output, battery power, and load demand. Through a built-in adaptive algorithm, it optimizes energy allocation in real time, minimizing energy waste and improving the overall system's energy efficiency ratio.

[0059] Specifically, assuming the photovoltaic output exceeds the load demand and the main battery pack 1021 is underpowered while the backup battery pack 1022 is fully powered, the main battery pack 1021 will be used for power supply. In this case, the photovoltaic output will directly transfer the excess power (the remaining energy after meeting the load demand) to the main battery pack 1021 for charging, instead of directly using the backup battery pack 1022 for power supply and the main battery pack 1021 for charging. This is because if the power supply were to proceed in this manner ("backup battery pack 1022 for power supply, main battery pack 1021 for charging"), the power level of the backup battery pack 1022 would decrease. Once it falls below a certain level, the system would switch back to charging the backup battery pack 1022. This back-and-forth switching between charging the main battery pack 1021 and the backup battery pack 1022 would increase energy loss. Using a "single battery pack power supply" method (where the photovoltaic output directly transfers the excess power (the remaining energy after meeting the load demand) to the main battery pack 1021 for charging), although the charging speed will be slower, will reduce energy loss and improve energy utilization efficiency.

[0060] For example, the intelligent control module 104 can also detect whether there are staff members in an area; if there are staff members in an area, it will control the brightness of the lighting module 105 to be maintained above the preset brightness. If there are no staff members in an area, it will control the brightness of the lighting module 105 to be reduced to reduce energy consumption.

[0061] In one possible implementation, the high-voltage cable tunnel lighting system based on solar-powered manhole covers further includes: a mutation identification module 107; the mutation identification module 107 is used for: Multiple transient parameters of a high-voltage cable tunnel lighting system based on solar manhole covers are obtained; among them, the transient parameters include: the photovoltaic voltage of the solar manhole cover, the photovoltaic current of the solar manhole cover, the output voltage of the energy storage module, the output current of the energy storage module, and the power of the power conversion module.

[0062] For any mutation parameter, calculate the difference between the value of the mutation parameter at the previous time step and the value at the current time step, and denot it as the first difference.

[0063] The difference between the first difference and the preset dynamic threshold corresponding to the mutation parameter is compared. If the first difference is greater than the preset dynamic threshold corresponding to the mutation parameter, then the mutation parameter is determined to be abnormal.

[0064] The calculation process for the preset dynamic threshold corresponding to the mutation parameter includes: Based on the values ​​of mutation parameters within a historical time period, determine the maximum and minimum values ​​of the mutation parameters.

[0065] Calculate the difference between the maximum and minimum values, denoted as the second difference, and use half of the second difference as the preset dynamic threshold corresponding to the mutation parameter.

[0066] Specifically, when determining whether a mutation parameter is abnormal, the difference between the values ​​of the mutation parameter at multiple consecutive time points can also be used to determine whether it is abnormal. If the difference between multiple consecutive values ​​exceeds the dynamic threshold, the mutation parameter is considered to be abnormal.

[0067] For example, to ensure system safety, if the abnormal mutation parameter in the output of the mutation identification module 107 is a parameter of the core circuit (energy storage, photovoltaic, inverter), the abnormal circuit will be immediately cut off or the power supply path will be switched. At the same time, the event will be recorded and uploaded to the background. It has millisecond-level detection capability and is suitable for quickly identifying high-risk faults such as power interruption, short circuit, and instantaneous high load.

[0068] For example, mutation parameters can also be other key electrical parameters acquired at a period of 1-5 seconds.

[0069] In one possible implementation, the high-voltage cable tunnel lighting system based on solar-powered manhole covers further includes: a trend analysis module 108; the trend analysis module 108 is used for: Multiple chronically changing parameters of a high-voltage cable tunnel lighting system based on solar manhole covers were obtained; among them, the chronically changing parameters include the battery capacity of the energy storage module and the conversion efficiency of the power conversion module.

[0070] For any chronically changing parameter, based on multiple historical values ​​of the chronically changing parameter, the linear trend of the chronically changing parameter is fitted using the least squares method to obtain the trend slope; if the trend slope exceeds a preset threshold, it is determined that the chronically changing parameter is abnormal.

[0071] Specifically, the range of historical data can be the past 24 hours or 180 sample points. When calculating the slope of the linear trend, the data needs to be processed by a moving average to remove short-term disturbances and ensure the accuracy of the calculation results.

[0072] Furthermore, since the historical values ​​are taken over a period of time, determining whether the chronic change parameter is abnormal can also include: calculating the trend slope over multiple time periods and determining whether the trend slope exceeds a preset threshold consecutively. If such a situation occurs, the chronic change parameter is determined to be abnormal.

[0073] In one possible implementation, the high-voltage cable tunnel lighting system based on solar-powered manhole covers further includes: a multi-parameter consistency verification module 109; the multi-parameter consistency verification module 109 is connected to a mutation identification module 107 or a trend analysis module 108, and the multi-parameter consistency verification module 109 is used for: Obtain the output results of the mutation identification module or the trend analysis module, and record them as the first result.

[0074] If the first result indicates that the chronically changing parameter or the mutation parameter is abnormal, then the parameter related to the chronically changing parameter or the mutation parameter is obtained and denoted as the coupling parameter.

[0075] Based on the first result and the coupling parameters, determine whether there is a parameter change conflict in the chronically changing parameters or the abruptly changing parameters.

[0076] If a conflict occurs due to parameter changes, an alarm will be triggered.

[0077] If no parameter change conflict occurs, no alarm will be triggered.

[0078] Specifically, to facilitate understanding of whether parameter change conflicts occur, the following example is given: If the photovoltaic output voltage is detected by the sudden change identification module, the result is that the photovoltaic output voltage is abnormal and a sudden change has occurred. The coupling parameters (light intensity and temperature) are automatically retrieved. If the light intensity decreases, the photovoltaic voltage decreases, which is normal. If the temperature increases, the battery voltage decreases slightly, which is reasonable. If the main related parameters change in the same way, the abnormality is considered physically reasonable and no alarm is triggered. If a parameter conflict occurs, such as the photovoltaic power failing under high illuminance, an alarm is triggered.

[0079] In one possible implementation, the high-voltage cable tunnel lighting system based on solar-powered manhole covers further includes: a fault handling module 110; the fault handling module 110 is connected to a multi-parameter consistency verification module 109, and the fault handling module 110 is used for: When the result of the multi-parameter consistency verification module is abnormal, the operating parameters of the solar manhole cover, energy storage module and lighting module are obtained.

[0080] Based on the operating parameters of the solar manhole cover, energy storage module, and lighting module, the closest fault is selected from the preset fault template library and recorded as the target fault.

[0081] Use the fault handling solution for the target fault as the handling solution for the current anomaly.

[0082] Specifically, when selecting the closest fault from a pre-defined fault template library, this can be achieved by calculating the similarity between two sets of operating parameters, for example: Based on the operating parameters of the solar manhole cover, energy storage module, and lighting module, a first feature vector is constructed.

[0083] The operating parameters of multiple faults in the preset fault template library are then used to construct multiple second feature vectors.

[0084] By calculating the cosine similarity between the first and second feature vectors, the second feature vector corresponding to the maximum value of the cosine similarity is selected. The fault corresponding to this second feature vector is the target fault mentioned above.

[0085] Specifically, the operating parameters of the solar-powered manhole cover can include: output voltage and output current; the operating parameters of the energy storage module can include: temperature, somnolence (SoH), and output voltage; and the operating parameters of the lighting module can include: LED illuminance and actual power. In addition, to make the obtained target faults more accurate, the operating parameters of the power conversion module 103 and environmental data can be incorporated to construct a corresponding feature vector.

[0086] Specifically, the target faults can be divided into Level 1 faults, Level 2 faults, and Level 3 faults, and the corresponding handling solutions are as follows.

[0087] Level 1 fault: The system has safety hazards, core module functions are malfunctioning, or high-power electrical abnormalities occur.

[0088]

[0089] Level 2 fault: Some modules of the system deviate from the safe range, but the continuity of lighting is not immediately affected.

[0090]

[0091] Level 3 faults: minor abnormalities in non-core indicators, early warning problems, and fluctuations in the operating environment.

[0092]

[0093] After fault detection is completed, the system executes a three-level response strategy based on the fault level:

[0094] In one possible implementation, the high-voltage cable tunnel lighting system based on solar manhole covers also includes: a communication module 111.

[0095] The communication module transmits the operation data, energy consumption indicators, and fault warning information of the high-voltage cable tunnel lighting system based on solar manhole covers to the cloud in real time via NB-IoT, LoRa, or WiFi wireless communication.

[0096] The lighting module is also connected to the mains power.

[0097] The intelligent control module is used to detect the power supply status of the mains power. If there is no abnormality or fault in the mains power, it controls the lighting module to connect to the mains power.

[0098] For example, the cloud supports data visualization and provides functions such as historical data storage, statistical analysis and trend prediction, which makes it convenient for managers to monitor and evaluate the operation status of high-voltage cable tunnel lighting systems based on solar manhole covers.

[0099] The cloud-based system enables remote control, allowing for online adjustment and optimization of system parameters. Based on big data and artificial intelligence analysis models, the management platform can also predict future photovoltaic output and load demands, providing a scientific basis for maintenance and resource allocation, further reducing operating costs and improving system reliability.

[0100] For example, the power supply method of the lighting module is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, it can be powered by either an energy storage module or by mains power.

[0101] The aforementioned high-voltage cable tunnel lighting system based on solar-powered manhole covers makes full use of the ventilation shafts within the high-voltage cable tunnels. Solar-powered manhole covers are installed at the entrances of these shafts, and flexible photovoltaic panels are incorporated into the covers. This integrates the traditional power supply system of the high-voltage cable tunnel into a distributed power generation device. Even when traditional battery power is difficult to connect, a stable power supply can still be maintained within the tunnel, ensuring the stability of the solar-powered manhole cover-based high-voltage cable tunnel lighting system in complex environments. Furthermore, an intelligent control module ensures constant brightness within the high-voltage cable tunnel, guaranteeing brightness and avoiding inconsistencies or excessive brightness, thereby improving energy utilization.

[0102] See Figure 5 The document illustrates a flowchart of the implementation of a high-voltage cable tunnel lighting control method based on solar-powered manhole covers, as provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Details are as follows: Step 501: Obtain the state of charge of the energy storage module, the load power of the lighting module, the ambient temperature and humidity of the target high-voltage cable tunnel, and the brightness of the target high-voltage cable tunnel.

[0103] Step 502: Using state of charge and load power as constraints, and based on ambient temperature, humidity and brightness, control the brightness of the lighting module to maintain above the preset brightness using PWM technology.

[0104] For example, when maintaining the brightness of the lighting module above the preset brightness (150 lux), the state of charge of the energy storage module and the load power of the lighting module at this time are first obtained to determine whether the energy storage module can provide power and whether it can provide sufficient power. If these two conditions are not met, the power supply status of the mains power (whether the voltage is stable and whether the current is stable) is detected. If the power supply status of the mains power is normal or fault-free (voltage is stable and current is stable), the lighting module is controlled to connect to the mains power.

[0105] For example, in this system, the power from the energy storage module is prioritized to avoid the lithium battery pack in the energy storage module being idle due to the mains power being in a normal state for a long time. This avoids problems such as chemical aging, capacity decay, increased internal resistance, and performance degradation of the battery pack, thus improving the battery pack's lifespan and reducing system maintenance costs. Simultaneously, the energy storage module is self-powered by solar energy, significantly reducing mains power consumption and lowering energy costs. The control method can automatically identify the status of the energy storage module and the mains power, ensuring uninterrupted operation of the lighting module, improving tunnel operation safety, and reducing safety hazards caused by sudden power outages. Furthermore, this system is applicable to tunnels, underground utility tunnels, transportation hubs, and other large underground facilities, contributing to the development of smart cities.

[0106] For example, based on ambient temperature, humidity, and brightness, the brightness of the lighting module is controlled using PWM technology to maintain a preset brightness, including: The brightness of the target high-voltage cable tunnel is corrected based on the ambient temperature and humidity to obtain the corrected brightness. Based on the difference between the corrected brightness and the preset brightness, the parameters of the lighting module are adjusted using PWM technology to maintain the brightness of the target high-voltage cable tunnel above the preset brightness.

[0107] For example, the formula for calculating the corrected brightness can be:

[0108] in, Indicates brightness correction. This indicates the current brightness of the target high-voltage cable tunnel. This indicates the temperature of the target high-voltage cable tunnel currently being acquired. This indicates the humidity level of the target high-voltage cable tunnel currently being measured. Indicates the temperature compensation coefficient. Indicates the humidity compensation coefficient. Indicates standard temperature. Indicates standard humidity.

[0109] For example, to facilitate understanding of the above system, the following embodiment is provided: Example 1: Urban Underground Integrated Utility Tunnel A 5-kilometer-long underground utility tunnel features multiple ventilation shafts and maintenance access routes. Solar-powered manhole covers, as described above, are installed at the top of the ventilation shaft openings and access routes, with a total installed capacity of 30 kWp. The energy storage capacity is 20 kWh, supporting nighttime lighting needs. Combined with an intelligent lighting control module, automatic dimming and energy-saving operation are achieved.

[0110] Case 1: 220kV Cable Tunnel A 10-kilometer-long 220kV cable tunnel includes three cable terminal stations, two ventilation shafts, and several relay stations. Fixed photovoltaic panels with a total installed capacity of 60kWp are installed on the roofs of the cable terminal stations; solar-powered manhole covers with a total installed capacity of 20kWp are installed at the ventilation shaft openings; and translucent photovoltaic glass with a total installed capacity of 10kWp is installed on the roofs of the relay stations. A lithium iron phosphate battery energy storage system with a storage capacity of 50kWh is used to support 24-hour uninterrupted operation of tunnel lighting.

[0111] It should be understood that the sequence number of each step in the above embodiments does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0112] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should all be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-voltage cable tunnel lighting system based on solar-powered manhole covers, characterized in that, include: At least one solar-powered manhole cover, energy storage module, power conversion module, intelligent control module, and lighting module; The solar-powered manhole cover is used to generate electricity from the flexible photovoltaic panels installed on it and store the generated electricity in the energy storage module. The solar-powered manhole cover is composed of multiple independent photovoltaic modules and a main body, and each part of the solar-powered manhole cover is connected by mechanical fasteners or magnetic structures. A light guide plate is installed at the bottom of the solar-powered manhole cover. The power conversion module is used to convert the direct current in the energy storage module into alternating current and supply it to the lighting module; The intelligent control module is used to acquire the state of charge of the energy storage module, the load power of the lighting module, the ambient temperature and humidity of the target high-voltage cable tunnel, and the brightness of the target high-voltage cable tunnel, and to control the brightness of the lighting module to be maintained above the preset brightness using PWM technology based on the state of charge, the load power, the ambient temperature and humidity, and the brightness.

2. The high-voltage cable tunnel lighting system based on solar-powered manhole covers according to claim 1, characterized in that, A precast glass is provided at the center of the upper surface of the solar manhole cover, and a cavity is formed between the precast glass and the body of the manhole cover. A flexible photovoltaic panel is provided at the center of the cavity. A rotating device is also provided in the cavity, which is used to adjust the angle and orientation of the flexible photovoltaic panel according to the current angle of sunlight. The intelligent control module is also used to acquire the real-time illumination angle, calculate the rotation arc of the rotating device based on the real-time illumination angle, and control the rotating device to move according to the rotation arc, thereby adjusting the angle and orientation of the flexible photovoltaic panel.

3. The high-voltage cable tunnel lighting system based on solar-powered manhole covers according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-voltage cable tunnel lighting system based on solar-powered manhole covers also includes: a photovoltaic controller; The photovoltaic controller is connected to the flexible photovoltaic panel in the solar manhole cover, performs voltage regulation on the DC voltage generated by the flexible photovoltaic panel, and inputs the regulated DC voltage into the energy storage module.

4. The high-voltage cable tunnel lighting system based on solar-powered manhole covers according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy storage module includes a main battery pack and a backup battery pack; both the main battery pack and the backup battery pack are lithium battery packs. The energy storage module is used to acquire the battery charge, health status, and battery temperature of the main battery pack. When the battery charge of the main battery pack is insufficient, its health status is abnormal, or its battery temperature is too high, the backup battery pack is used as a power source to supply power to the lighting module. The main battery pack and the backup battery pack do not supply power to the lighting module at the same time.

5. The high-voltage cable tunnel lighting system based on solar-powered manhole covers according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-voltage cable tunnel lighting system based on solar-powered manhole covers further includes: a mutation recognition module; the mutation recognition module is used for: The system acquires multiple transient parameters of the high-voltage cable tunnel lighting system based on solar manhole covers; wherein the transient parameters include: the photovoltaic voltage of the solar manhole cover, the photovoltaic current of the solar manhole cover, the output voltage of the energy storage module, the output current of the energy storage module, and the power of the power conversion module; For any mutation parameter, calculate the difference between the value of the mutation parameter at the previous time step and the current time step, and denot it as the first difference. Determine the magnitude of the first difference and the preset dynamic threshold corresponding to the mutation parameter. If the first difference is greater than the preset dynamic threshold corresponding to the mutation parameter, then determine that the mutation parameter is abnormal. The calculation process for the preset dynamic threshold corresponding to the mutation parameter includes: Based on the values ​​of mutation parameters within a historical time period, determine the maximum and minimum values ​​of the mutation parameters; Calculate the difference between the maximum and minimum values, denoted as the second difference, and use half of the second difference as the preset dynamic threshold corresponding to the mutation parameter.

6. The high-voltage cable tunnel lighting system based on solar-powered manhole covers according to claim 5, characterized in that, The high-voltage cable tunnel lighting system based on solar-powered manhole covers also includes: a trend analysis module; the trend analysis module is used for: The system acquires multiple chronically changing parameters of the high-voltage cable tunnel lighting system based on solar manhole covers; wherein, the chronically changing parameters include: the battery capacity of the energy storage module and the conversion efficiency of the power conversion module; For any chronically changing parameter, based on multiple historical values ​​of the chronically changing parameter, the linear trend of the chronically changing parameter is fitted using the least squares method to obtain the trend slope; if the trend slope exceeds a preset threshold, it is determined that the chronically changing parameter is abnormal.

7. The high-voltage cable tunnel lighting system based on solar-powered manhole covers according to claim 6, characterized in that, The high-voltage cable tunnel lighting system based on solar-powered manhole covers further includes: a multi-parameter consistency verification module; the multi-parameter consistency verification module is connected to the mutation identification module or the trend analysis module, and the multi-parameter consistency verification module is used for: The output result of the mutation identification module or the output result of the trend analysis module is obtained and recorded as the first result; If the first result indicates that the chronically changing parameter or the mutation parameter is abnormal, then the parameter related to the chronically changing parameter or the mutation parameter is obtained and denoted as the coupling parameter; Based on the first result and the coupling parameters, determine whether there is a parameter change conflict in the chronically changing parameters or the abruptly changing parameters; If a conflicting parameter change occurs, an alarm will be triggered. If no parameter change conflict occurs, no alarm will be triggered.

8. The high-voltage cable tunnel lighting system based on solar-powered manhole covers according to claim 7, characterized in that, The high-voltage cable tunnel lighting system based on solar-powered manhole covers further includes: a fault handling module; the fault handling module is connected to the multi-parameter consistency verification module, and the fault handling module is used for: When the result of the multi-parameter consistency verification module is abnormal, the operating parameters of the solar manhole cover, the energy storage module and the lighting module are obtained. Based on the operating parameters of the solar manhole cover, the energy storage module, and the lighting module, the closest fault is selected from the preset fault template library and recorded as the target fault. The fault handling scheme for the target fault is used as the current fault handling scheme.

9. The high-voltage cable tunnel lighting system based on solar-powered manhole covers according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-voltage cable tunnel lighting system based on solar-powered manhole covers also includes: a communication module; The communication module transmits the operation data, energy consumption indicators, and fault warning information of the high-voltage cable tunnel lighting system based on solar manhole covers to the cloud in real time via NB-IoT, LoRa, or WiFi wireless communication. The lighting module is also connected to mains power; The intelligent control module is used to detect the power supply status of the mains power. If there is no abnormality or fault in the mains power, it controls the lighting module to connect to the mains power.

10. A method for controlling lighting in high-voltage cable tunnels based on solar-powered manhole covers, characterized in that, An intelligent control module applied to a high-voltage cable tunnel lighting system based on solar-powered manhole covers as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the high-voltage cable tunnel lighting control method based on solar-powered manhole covers includes: The state of charge of the energy storage module, the load power of the lighting module, the ambient temperature and humidity of the target high-voltage cable tunnel, and the brightness of the target high-voltage cable tunnel are obtained. Using the state of charge and the load power as constraints, and based on the ambient temperature and humidity and the brightness, the brightness of the lighting module is controlled by PWM technology to maintain it above a preset brightness.

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