Multi-component zero-carbon gas fuel co-combustion burner

Abstract

The multi-component zero-carbon gas fuel mixed combustion burner comprises a burner shell and a mounting flange, a central combustion-supporting air duct, an ammonia fuel rotational flow disc and a direct-current combustion-supporting air area are arranged in the burner shell from inside to outside, and a central hydrogen gun and an ignition gun are arranged in the central combustion-supporting air duct; the central hydrogen gun is arranged along the central axis of the central combustion-supporting air duct, the tail portion of the central hydrogen gun is communicated with a fuel inlet of the central hydrogen gun, a plurality of combustion-supporting hydrogen guns are evenly distributed on the ammonia fuel rotational flow disc in the circumferential direction and perpendicularly penetrate through the ammonia fuel rotational flow disc, and a plurality of hydrogen fuel spray guns are evenly distributed on the direct-current combustion-supporting air area in the circumferential direction and perpendicularly penetrate through the hydrogen fuel spray guns. The hydrogen fuel spray gun extends out of the direct-flow combustion-supporting air area, the combustion-supporting hydrogen gun and the hydrogen fuel spray gun are respectively communicated with the hydrogen fuel inlet through pipelines, and the mounting flange is arranged at the mounting end of the combustor shell. The multi-component zero-carbon gas fuel co-combustion burner has the advantages that gas fuel is fully mixed, and combustion is stable.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of zero-carbon clean combustion, and particularly relates to a multi-component zero-carbon gas fuel mixed combustion burner. BACKGROUND

[0002] Ammonia and hydrogen are both zero-carbon clean fuels, and can achieve zero-carbon emission combustion. When ammonia gas is combusted, the flame propagation speed is slow and the temperature is low, at which time the addition of hydrogen can improve the combustion speed and temperature, thereby improving the overall combustion efficiency.

[0003] By mixing ammonia and hydrogen gas fuels on a gas burner, natural gas fuel can be replaced, carbon dioxide emission can be reduced, and a zero-carbon emission target can be achieved.

[0004] However, due to the large difference in combustion characteristics of ammonia and hydrogen gas fuels, how to achieve stable mixed combustion of ammonia and hydrogen gas fuels has become a technical problem to be solved. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application is made based on the discovery and understanding of the inventors on the following facts and problems: The combustion characteristics of ammonia and hydrogen are quite different.

[0006] The present application aims to at least solve one of the technical problems in the related art to some extent.

[0007] To this end, an embodiment of the present application provides a multi-component zero-carbon gas fuel mixed combustion burner, comprising a burner shell and a mounting flange, the burner shell is internally provided with a center combustion-supporting air cylinder, an ammonia fuel rotating disc and a straight-flow combustion-supporting air zone from inside to outside, a center hydrogen lance and an ignition lance are arranged in the center combustion-supporting air cylinder, the center hydrogen lance is arranged along the center axis of the center combustion-supporting air cylinder, the tail of the center hydrogen lance is in communication with a center hydrogen lance fuel inlet, the center combustion-supporting air cylinder is in communication with a center combustion-supporting air inlet, a plurality of combustion-supporting hydrogen lances are uniformly distributed on the ammonia fuel rotating disc in a circumferential direction, the combustion-supporting hydrogen lances vertically pass through the ammonia fuel rotating disc, the ammonia fuel rotating disc is in communication with an ammonia gas fuel inlet, a plurality of hydrogen fuel spray lances are uniformly distributed on the straight-flow combustion-supporting air zone in a circumferential direction, the hydrogen fuel spray lances extend out of the straight-flow combustion-supporting air zone, the straight-flow combustion-supporting air zone is in communication with a straight-flow combustion-supporting air inlet, the combustion-supporting hydrogen lances and the hydrogen fuel spray lances are respectively in communication with a hydrogen gas fuel inlet through pipelines, and the mounting flange is arranged at a mounting end of the burner shell.

[0008] The multi-component zero-carbon gas fuel mixed combustion burner has the advantages and technical effects of sufficient gas fuel mixing and stable combustion.

[0009] The application replaces natural gas fuel with mixed ammonia and hydrogen gas fuel to achieve zero carbon emission. The burner forms a central combustion air area, a hydrogen ammonia fuel swirl disc mixed combustion area and a straight-flow combustion air area, divides the fuel combustion area into three levels, and realizes the full mixing of combustion air and ammonia and hydrogen gas fuel and stable combustion. The hydrogen fuel lance is arranged in the straight-flow combustion air area, the end face of the lance head is inclined and faces the swirl disc, which can effectively connect and transfer the flame between the hydrogen ammonia fuel swirl disc mixed combustion area and the straight-flow combustion air area, and realize stable combustion. The heads of the central hydrogen lance, the combustion hydrogen lance and the hydrogen fuel lance can be optimized in design and replaced as a whole, and the inlets of the combustion gas and ammonia and hydrogen gas fuel in each area are separately arranged, which can realize flexible adjustment of the flow rate of each type of gas in each area and effectively improve the variable load adaptability of the gas burner.

[0010] In some embodiments, the head of the central hydrogen lance is in a cylindrical structure, and a plurality of layers of small holes are distributed on the outlet side wall surface of the head along the circumference of the head.

[0011] In some embodiments, a circular baffle is arranged on the end face of the head of the combustion hydrogen lance, the area of the circular baffle matches the end face of the head of the combustion hydrogen lance, and an annular hydrogen gas fuel outlet is formed between the circular baffle and the end face of the head of the combustion hydrogen lance.

[0012] In some embodiments, the head of the hydrogen fuel lance is higher than the ammonia fuel swirl disc and the central hydrogen lance, the end face of the head of the hydrogen fuel lance is inclined and faces the ammonia fuel swirl disc, the direction of the hydrogen gas fuel sprayed by the hydrogen fuel lance is the same as the flow direction of the ammonia gas swirl flow formed by the ammonia fuel swirl disc, and the two types of fuel gas flow form two concentric circles.

[0013] In some embodiments, the annular rings formed by a plurality of combustion hydrogen lances are concentric with the annular rings formed by a plurality of hydrogen fuel lances.

[0014] In some embodiments, the number of combustion hydrogen lances is 4-8, and the number of hydrogen fuel lances is 8-14.

[0015] In some embodiments, the angle of the swirl vane of the ammonia fuel swirl disc is 30°-60°, and the number of swirl vanes is 8-16.

[0016] In some embodiments, a hydrogen gas collecting ring is further included, the hydrogen gas collecting ring is fixed inside the burner shell, one end of the hydrogen gas collecting ring is in communication with the hydrogen gas fuel inlet, and the other end of the hydrogen gas collecting ring is in communication with the combustion hydrogen lance and the hydrogen fuel lance through a branch pipeline respectively.

[0017] In some embodiments, the ammonia fuel swirler disc is provided with a plurality of guide grooves extending along the length of the blade on the windward surface of the swirler blade, the guide grooves are arc-shaped and consistent with the rotation direction of the swirler blade, and the depth of the guide grooves gradually decreases from the root of the blade to the tip of the blade.

[0018] In some embodiments, check valves are respectively arranged on the pipelines of the ammonia gas fuel inlet, the hydrogen gas fuel inlet and the center hydrogen lance fuel inlet, and the flow direction of the check valves is consistent with the fuel delivery direction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a multi-component zero-carbon gas fuel mixed combustion burner according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0020] Figure 2 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a multi-component zero-carbon gas fuel mixed combustion burner according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0021] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of a multi-component zero-carbon gas fuel mixed combustion burner according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 4 is a structural schematic diagram of a lance head of a multi-component zero-carbon gas fuel mixed combustion burner according to an embodiment of the present application. Reference signs: 1, center hydrogen lance; 1-1, center hydrogen lance head; 2, ignition lance; 3, center combustion air cylinder; 4, ammonia fuel swirler disc; 5, combustion-supporting hydrogen lance; 5-1, combustion-supporting hydrogen lance head; 6, straight-flow combustion-supporting air zone; 7, hydrogen fuel spray lance; 7-1, hydrogen fuel spray lance head; 8, burner shell; 9, mounting flange; 10, straight-flow combustion-supporting air inlet; 11, ammonia gas fuel inlet; 12, hydrogen gas fuel inlet; 13, center hydrogen lance fuel inlet; 14, center combustion-supporting air inlet; 15, hydrogen gas collecting ring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] Embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to explain the present application, and cannot be understood as a limitation of the present application.

[0023] The embodiment of the application provides a multi-component zero-carbon gas fuel mixed combustion burner, which comprises a burner shell 8 and a mounting flange 9, the burner shell 8 is internally provided with, from inside to outside, a central combustion air cylinder 3, an ammonia fuel rotating flow disc 4 and a straight-flow combustion air zone 6, the central combustion air cylinder 3 is internally arranged with a central hydrogen lance 1 and an ignition lance 2, the central hydrogen lance 1 is arranged along the central axis of the central combustion air cylinder 3, the tail of the central hydrogen lance 1 is connected with a central hydrogen lance fuel inlet 13, the central combustion air cylinder 3 is connected with a central combustion air inlet 14, a plurality of combustion hydrogen lances 5 are uniformly distributed on the ammonia fuel rotating flow disc 4 in the circumferential direction, the combustion hydrogen lances 5 vertically pass through the ammonia fuel rotating flow disc 4, the ammonia fuel rotating flow disc 4 is connected with an ammonia gas fuel inlet 11, a plurality of hydrogen fuel injection lances 7 are uniformly distributed on the straight-flow combustion air zone in the circumferential direction, the hydrogen fuel injection lances 7 extend out of the straight-flow combustion air zone 6, the straight-flow combustion air zone 6 is connected with a straight-flow combustion air inlet 10, the combustion hydrogen lances 5 and the hydrogen fuel injection lances 7 are respectively connected with the hydrogen gas fuel inlet through pipelines, and the mounting flange 9 is arranged at the mounting end of the burner shell 8.

[0024] The burner shell 8 provides overall structural support and protection, the mounting flange 9 stably and sealingly mounts the burner on a gas boiler, and guarantees equipment operation. The central combustion air cylinder 3, the ammonia fuel rotating flow disc 4 and the straight-flow combustion air zone 6 arranged in the burner shell 8 from inside to outside in sequence build three-level combustion spaces in layers, and provide a basis for the orderly mixing and step-by-step combustion of fuel and combustion air. The central hydrogen lance 1 arranged along the central axis in the central combustion air cylinder 3, in cooperation with the tail-connected central hydrogen lance fuel inlet 13, can transport hydrogen and centrally spray the hydrogen along the axis, at the same time, the central combustion air inlet 14 introduces combustion air into the central combustion air cylinder 3, the combustion air can be fully mixed with the hydrogen sprayed by the central hydrogen lance 1, then is ignited, and a stable central flame core area is formed, which provides a continuous and reliable initial fire source for subsequent hydrogen-ammonia mixed combustion. The combustion hydrogen lances 5 on the ammonia fuel rotating flow disc 4, in cooperation with the ammonia gas fuel inlet 11 connected with the ammonia fuel rotating flow disc 4, make the ammonia form a uniform rotating flow, the hydrogen sprayed by the combustion hydrogen lances 5 is uniformly diffused in the circumferential direction, and the two are fully mixed in the mixed combustion area, by virtue of the characteristics of high hydrogen combustion speed and high temperature, the defects of slow ammonia flame propagation speed and low combustion temperature are made up, and the efficiency and stability of hydrogen-ammonia mixed combustion are improved. The plurality of hydrogen fuel injection lances 7 on the straight-flow combustion air zone, in cooperation with the straight-flow combustion air inlet 10 connected with the straight-flow combustion air zone 6, can efficiently mix the outer layer straight-flow combustion air with the hydrogen sprayed by the hydrogen fuel injection lances 7, the hydrogen fuel injection lances 7 transfer the flame in the intermediate hydrogen-ammonia mixed combustion area, and guarantee the stability of outer layer combustion, the combustion hydrogen lances 5 and the hydrogen fuel injection lances 7 are connected with the hydrogen gas fuel inlet through pipelines, hydrogen is centrally supplied and distributed, the uniformity and controllability of hydrogen supply in each combustion area are ensured, stable mixed combustion of ammonia and hydrogen zero-carbon fuels is realized, and traditional natural gas fuel is replaced to reduce carbon dioxide emission.

[0025] The hydrogen gas fuel mixing is sufficient, and the combustion is stable.

[0026] In some embodiments, the head of the central hydrogen lance 1 is in a cylindrical structure, and a plurality of layers of small holes are distributed on the outlet side wall surface of the head along the circumference of the head.

[0027] Specifically, a layer of small holes is distributed around the outlet side wall surface of the head, and the small holes are equally spaced with adjacent small holes and equally spaced with another layer of small holes. The hydrogen gas is uniformly sprayed from the plurality of circumferential small holes, which greatly increases the contact area of the hydrogen gas and the combustion air in the central combustion air cylinder 3, promotes the rapid and sufficient mixing of the two, and avoids the problem of unstable combustion caused by local fuel concentration being too high or too low. The multiple layers of circumferentially distributed small holes can ensure the circumferential symmetry of the hydrogen gas injection, make the central flame formed by the mixed gas flow more concentrated and stable, and avoid the phenomenon of flickering or extinguishing, thereby strengthening the stability of the central flame core area, providing a continuous and reliable ignition basis for the hydrogen-ammonia mixed combustion in the subsequent ammonia fuel swirl disc 4 area, and helping the entire combustion system to realize step-by-step stable combustion, thereby improving the overall combustion efficiency and the adaptability of zero-carbon fuel mixed combustion.

[0028] In some embodiments, a circular baffle is arranged on the end surface of the combustion-supporting hydrogen lance 5, the area of the circular baffle matches the end surface of the combustion-supporting hydrogen lance 5, and an annular hydrogen gas fuel outlet is formed between the circular baffle and the end surface of the combustion-supporting hydrogen lance 5.

[0029] Specifically, the annular hydrogen gas fuel outlet can make the hydrogen gas uniformly diffuse and spray out along the circumference of the annular outlet, forming an annular gas flow layer, and forming a wrapped contact with the rotating ammonia gas sprayed by the ammonia fuel swirl disc 4, thereby greatly increasing the contact area and mixing path of the hydrogen and ammonia fuels and avoiding the local fuel enrichment or mixed blind area caused by the straight injection type outlet. The gas flow diffusion direction of the annular outlet is adapted to the ammonia gas swirl direction, which can reduce the vortex loss caused by the gas flow collision, make the hydrogen and ammonia gradually and fully mixed during the flow process, ensure the uniform distribution of the concentration of the hydrogen-ammonia mixed gas, effectively make up for the defect of slow flame propagation of ammonia gas by taking advantage of the fast combustion speed of hydrogen gas, and improve the reaction rate and combustion efficiency of hydrogen-ammonia mixed combustion. The uniformly diffused annular hydrogen gas flow can also build a stable mixed combustion basis, cooperate with the continuous ignition of the central flame, avoid the unstable phenomena such as local flameout and backfire in the hydrogen-ammonia mixed combustion area, and provide a stable fire source for the outer layer combustion of the subsequent straight-flow combustion air area 6, thereby ensuring the coherence and reliability of the step-by-step combustion of the entire combustion system.

[0030] In some embodiments, the head of the hydrogen fuel lance 7 is higher than the ammonia fuel swirl disc 4 and the central hydrogen lance 1, the end surface of the head of the hydrogen fuel lance 7 is inclined and faces the ammonia fuel swirl disc 4, the direction of the hydrogen gas fuel sprayed by the hydrogen fuel lance 7 is the same as the direction of the ammonia gas swirl flow formed by the ammonia fuel swirl disc 4, and the two fuel gas flows form two concentric circles.

[0031] Specifically, the head of the hydrogen fuel lance 7 is slightly higher than the ammonia fuel swirler 4 and the central hydrogen lance 1, and is precisely aligned with the ammonia gas swirling area sprayed by the ammonia fuel swirler 4 to avoid misalignment of the fuel gas flow due to positional deviation; the spraying direction is the same as the flow direction of the ammonia gas swirling flow and forms two concentric circles, so that the hydrogen gas flow and the ammonia gas swirling flow flow in the same direction, which not only reduces the energy loss caused by the collision of the two gas flows, but also realizes layered contact in a ring-shaped manner, greatly prolongs the mixing time and contact area of hydrogen-ammonia fuel, and ensures that the two fuels gradually and uniformly mix during the flow process. Not only can it take advantage of the fast burning speed of hydrogen gas to strengthen the combustion reaction of ammonia fuel and make up for the slow flame propagation defect, but also can make the outer ring-shaped flame formed by the hydrogen fuel gas flow seamlessly connect with the flame in the middle hydrogen-ammonia mixed combustion area, effectively transfer the fire source, and avoid the phenomenon of flameout or flame breakage in the outer combustion area. At the same time, the gas flow structure of the two concentric circles can make the temperature field distribution of the combustion area more uniform, reduce local high-temperature or low-temperature blind areas, and cooperate with the combustion-supporting air supply of the straight-flow combustion-supporting air area 6 to not only ensure the full combustion of the fuel and improve the overall combustion efficiency, but also reduce the generation of pollutants in the combustion process through orderly gas flow organization, optimize the stability and environmental protection of zero-carbon fuel mixed combustion, and ensure the stable operation of the entire combustion system from inside to outside. The jet flow tangential angle of the two fuel gas flows is 30°-45°.

[0032] In some embodiments, the annular rings formed by the plurality of combustion-supporting hydrogen lances 5 are concentric with the annular rings formed by the plurality of hydrogen fuel lances 7.

[0033] Specifically, the annular rings formed by the plurality of combustion-supporting hydrogen lances 5 and the plurality of hydrogen fuel lances 7 are concentric, and a symmetrical and regular gas flow field is constructed around the overall axis of the burner, providing a basis for fuel mixing and flame transfer in each area, so that the inner ring-shaped hydrogen gas flow sprayed by the combustion-supporting hydrogen lances 5 and the outer ring-shaped hydrogen gas flow sprayed by the hydrogen fuel lances 7 can precisely correspond to the intermediate ammonia gas swirling layer formed by the ammonia fuel swirler 4, and the three are distributed in layers along the same axis, avoiding the misalignment and collision of the gas flow caused by the concentricity of the annular rings, reducing the vortex loss and mixing blind area caused by the turbulence of the gas flow. The concentric annular structure makes the hydrogen gas flow form a uniform wrapped distribution from the inside to the outside, and the hydrogen gas of the outer hydrogen fuel lance 7 can seamlessly connect to form a flame transition zone after the hydrogen gas of the inner combustion-supporting hydrogen lance 5 and the ammonia gas are fully mixed, so that the flame source transfer is smoother, and local flame breakage or flameout phenomenon is avoided. In addition, the symmetrical concentric gas flow field can also make the fuel concentration and temperature field distribution of the entire combustion area more uniform, reduce local high-temperature accumulation or insufficient combustion, and reduce the risk of pollutant generation through orderly gas flow organization.

[0034] In some embodiments, the number of combustion-supporting hydrogen lances 5 is 4-8, and the number of hydrogen fuel lances 7 is 8-14.

[0035] Specifically, the number of 4-8 can form a uniform distribution in the circumferential direction of the ammonia fuel swirler 4, and each lance corresponds to a specific sector of the ammonia fuel swirler 4, so that hydrogen gas is uniformly diffused from the annularly distributed lance heads and precisely mixed with the ammonia gas ejected from the swirler, avoiding imbalance in the local hydrogen-ammonia ratio caused by too few lances, or mutual interference between gas flows and the formation of vortex dead zones caused by too many lances. At the same time, the number of lances is adapted to the number of blades of the ammonia fuel swirler 4, with 2-3 blades corresponding to one hydrogen lance 5, ensuring that ammonia gas can fully contact hydrogen gas during the swirling process and compensate for the shortcomings of ammonia gas combustion by taking advantage of the combustion characteristics of hydrogen gas. The number of hydrogen fuel lances 7 is 8-14, because the straight-flow combustion air zone 6 where they are located is the outer combustion area, which has a larger space range and requires more lances to form a complete annular gas flow to achieve full wrapping and fire source transmission to the middle hydrogen-ammonia mixed combustion area. More lance numbers can make the outer hydrogen gas flow more dense and fully mixed with the straight-flow combustion air, avoiding combustion blind areas in the outer layer. In addition, the number of lances can be selected within the interval to adapt to the actual output demand of the burner, or the flow can be adjusted by starting and stopping some lances to adapt to the fuel supply demand under different load conditions, avoiding the load adaptation limitations caused by a fixed number of lances, and also avoiding the increase in manufacturing costs caused by too many lances.

[0036] In some embodiments, the swirling blade angle of the ammonia fuel swirler 4 is 30°-60°, and the number of swirling blades is 8-16.

[0037] Specifically, the 30°-60° interval effectively balances the swirling intensity and gas flow resistance. Too small an angle will result in insufficient ammonia gas swirling diffusion capacity, making it difficult to form full-domain mixing with the annular hydrogen gas ejected by the hydrogen lance 5. Too large an angle will cause a sharp increase in gas flow resistance, not only increasing fuel delivery energy consumption, but also possibly causing ammonia gas swirling to collide with other gas flows, causing flow field turbulence. The target angle interval can form a stable swirling flow with moderate intensity, ensuring that the gas flow has sufficient diffusion range while avoiding excessive swirling flow losses, and forming a flow adaptation with the annular hydrogen gas outlet of the hydrogen lance 5, promoting the gradual and full fusion of hydrogen and ammonia fuels in the flow. 8-16 pieces can ensure that the flow channel of ammonia gas in the swirler is evenly distributed, avoiding gas flow deviation or mixing dead zones caused by too few blades, and also avoiding too narrow channels and gas flow resistance caused by too many blades. The combination of evenly distributed multiple blades and a reasonable angle can make the circumferential symmetry of the ammonia gas swirling layer stronger, forming coaxial connection with the central flame and the gas flow of the outer hydrogen fuel lance 7, ensuring smooth transmission of the fire source from the central area to the hydrogen-ammonia mixed combustion area, and avoiding local flameout or unstable combustion caused by uneven ammonia gas swirling. A stable swirling structure can also make the temperature field and concentration field of the combustion area more uniform, reducing the generation of pollutants caused by local high temperatures.

[0038] In some embodiments, a hydrogen collecting ring is also included. The hydrogen collecting ring is fixed inside the burner housing 8. One end of the hydrogen collecting ring is connected to the hydrogen gas fuel inlet 12, and the other end of the hydrogen collecting ring is connected to the combustion hydrogen gun 5 and the hydrogen fuel spray gun 7 through branch pipes.

[0039] Specifically, the hydrogen collecting ring is fixed inside the burner housing 8, with one end connected to the hydrogen gas fuel inlet 12 and the other end connected to the combustion hydrogen gun 5 and the hydrogen fuel spray gun 7 via branch pipes. This ring serves to centrally stabilize and uniformly distribute hydrogen, optimizing the fuel delivery structure and enhancing the stability of the combustion system. The hydrogen collecting ring first collects the hydrogen input from the hydrogen gas fuel inlet 12, forming a buffer and stabilizing space. This effectively offsets pressure fluctuations during fuel delivery, preventing sudden changes in hydrogen pressure from causing inconsistent spray volumes from each spray gun, ensuring a consistently balanced and stable hydrogen supply pressure for the hydrogen guns. The branch pipes centrally distribute the hydrogen to the combustion hydrogen gun 5 and the hydrogen fuel spray gun 7, eliminating the need for separate fuel inlets for the two types of hydrogen guns. This simplifies the burner's fuel delivery pipeline structure, reduces pipeline connection points, and lowers the risk of leakage. It also allows for a more organized internal burner layout, facilitating installation and maintenance. Uniform distribution ensures that each combustion hydrogen gun 5 and each hydrogen fuel spray gun 7 receives an equal amount of hydrogen at the same pressure, resulting in a uniform annular hydrogen gas flow density from the combustion hydrogen gun 5. To avoid uneven mixing and unstable combustion caused by insufficient or excessive hydrogen supply to some spray guns.

[0040] In some embodiments, a plurality of guide grooves extending along the length of the blades are provided on the windward surface of the ammonia fuel swirl disk 4. The guide grooves are arc-shaped and consistent with the swirl direction of the blades. The depth of the guide grooves gradually decreases from the root of the blade to the tip.

[0041] Specifically, the guide channels guide the airflow along the trajectory of ammonia, preventing irregular vortices or dead zones from forming on the windward side of the blades. This allows the ammonia to flow orderly along the blade surface, reducing flow losses caused by mutual airflow interference, lowering the probability of ammonia stagnation between blades, and improving airflow efficiency. The depth of the guide channels gradually decreases from the root to the blade tip, adapting to the airflow velocity differences at different locations on the blade. At the blade root, close to the center of the swirl disk, the airflow path is short and the velocity is slow; deeper guide channels can accommodate more ammonia and enhance the guiding effect, preventing airflow accumulation at the root. At the blade tip, far from the center, the airflow path is long and the velocity is faster; shallower guide channels reduce airflow resistance and prevent airflow collisions caused by excessive channel depth, ensuring that the ammonia maintains a stable swirling state when ejected from the blade tip. The ammonia gas guided by the guide channel forms a more regular and uniform swirling stream. Each stream can accurately correspond to the annular hydrogen injection area of ​​the hydrogen combustion gun 5, increasing the contact frequency and mixing path of the two fuels, hydrogen and ammonia. This avoids local ammonia enrichment or hydrogen shortage, making the concentration distribution of the hydrogen-ammonia mixture more uniform. By taking advantage of the fast combustion speed of hydrogen, the slow flame propagation of ammonia is fully compensated, improving the co-combustion reaction rate and combustion efficiency.

[0042] In some embodiments, check valves are respectively installed on the pipelines of ammonia gas fuel inlet 11, hydrogen gas fuel inlet 12 and central hydrogen gun fuel inlet 13, and the flow direction of the check valves is consistent with the fuel delivery direction.

[0043] Specifically, high-temperature flue gas or incompletely burned ammonia and hydrogen fuel in the combustion zone may experience backflow due to combustion pressure fluctuations. The check valve, with its one-way flow characteristic, precisely blocks this backflow, preventing high-temperature media from entering the fuel delivery pipeline and causing safety hazards such as backfire, pipeline corrosion, or even explosions. This is especially beneficial for flammable and explosive zero-carbon fuels like ammonia and hydrogen, enhancing the operational safety of the combustion system. The check valve prevents cross-backflow between different fuel pipelines caused by pressure changes at a single inlet, preventing ammonia from seeping back into the hydrogen pipeline or the central hydrogen gun 1 fuel pipeline, ensuring the purity of the medium at each fuel inlet. It also eliminates pressure disturbances within the pipeline caused by backflow, ensuring stable fuel supply pressure for the central hydrogen gun 1, the combustion hydrogen gun 5, and the hydrogen fuel injector 7. This works in conjunction with the pressure stabilization and flow distribution function of the hydrogen collecting ring to prevent uneven fuel injection caused by pressure fluctuations, thereby preventing problems such as mixture imbalance and flame drift in the combustion zone. The check valve does not alter the original pipeline layout; it compensates for safety and stability shortcomings in the fuel delivery process solely through its one-way blocking function.

[0044] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0045] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0046] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication between them; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0047] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0048] In this invention, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0049] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-component zero-carbon gaseous fuel co-combustion burner, characterized in that, include: The burner housing includes a casing and a mounting flange. Inside the burner housing, from the inside out, are arranged a central combustion air duct, an ammonia fuel swirl plate, and a direct-flow combustion air zone. A central hydrogen lance and an ignition gun are arranged inside the central combustion air duct. The central hydrogen lance is arranged along the central axis of the central combustion air duct, and its tail end is connected to the central hydrogen lance fuel inlet. The central combustion air duct is connected to the central combustion air inlet. Several combustion hydrogen lances are evenly distributed circumferentially on the ammonia fuel swirl plate, and each combustion hydrogen lance passes vertically through the ammonia fuel swirl plate. The ammonia fuel swirl plate is connected to the ammonia gas fuel inlet. Several hydrogen fuel spray guns are evenly distributed circumferentially on the direct-flow combustion air zone, and each hydrogen fuel spray gun extends from within the direct-flow combustion air zone. The direct-flow combustion air zone is connected to the direct-flow combustion air inlet. The combustion hydrogen lances and hydrogen fuel spray guns are connected to the hydrogen fuel inlet via pipes. The mounting flange is located at the mounting end of the burner housing.

2. The multi-component zero-carbon gaseous fuel co-combustion burner according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nozzle of the central hydrogen gun has a cylindrical structure, and several layers of small holes are distributed on the outlet sidewall of the nozzle along the circumference of the nozzle.

3. The multi-component zero-carbon gaseous fuel co-combustion burner according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nozzle end face of the combustion-supporting hydrogen gun is provided with a circular baffle, the area of ​​which matches the nozzle end face of the combustion-supporting hydrogen gun, and an annular hydrogen fuel outlet is formed between the circular baffle and the nozzle end face of the combustion-supporting hydrogen gun.

4. The multi-component zero-carbon gaseous fuel co-combustion burner according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nozzle of the hydrogen fuel spray gun is higher than the ammonia fuel swirl plate and the central hydrogen gun. The end face of the nozzle of the hydrogen fuel spray gun is inclined and faces the ammonia fuel swirl plate. The direction of the hydrogen fuel sprayed by the hydrogen fuel spray gun is the same as the direction of the ammonia swirl airflow formed by the ammonia fuel swirl plate. The two fuel airflows form two concentric circles.

5. The multi-component zero-carbon gaseous fuel co-combustion burner according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ring formed by the distribution of multiple combustion-supporting hydrogen guns is concentric with the ring formed by the distribution of multiple hydrogen fuel spray guns.

6. The multi-component zero-carbon gaseous fuel co-combustion burner according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of combustion-supporting hydrogen guns is 4-8, and the number of hydrogen fuel spray guns is 8-14.

7. The multi-component zero-carbon gaseous fuel co-combustion burner according to claim 1, characterized in that, The swirl blades of the ammonia fuel swirl disk have an angle of 30°-60° and a number of 8-16 blades.

8. The multi-component zero-carbon gaseous fuel co-combustion burner according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a hydrogen collecting ring, which is fixed inside the burner housing. One end of the hydrogen collecting ring is connected to the hydrogen gas fuel inlet, and the other end of the hydrogen collecting ring is connected to the combustion-supporting hydrogen gun and the hydrogen fuel spray gun through branch pipes.

9. The multi-component zero-carbon gaseous fuel co-combustion burner according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ammonia fuel swirl disk has multiple guide grooves extending along the length of the blades on its windward surface. The guide grooves are arc-shaped and have the same rotation direction as the swirl blades. The depth of the guide grooves gradually decreases from the root of the blade to the tip.

10. The multi-component zero-carbon gaseous fuel co-combustion burner according to claim 1, characterized in that, Check valves are installed on the pipelines of the ammonia gas fuel inlet, the hydrogen gas fuel inlet, and the central hydrogen gun fuel inlet, and the flow direction of the check valves is consistent with the fuel delivery direction.

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