Automatic soot blowing system for boiler and control method of automatic soot blowing system

Abstract

According to the technical scheme, the automatic soot blowing system is characterized by comprising at least one soot blower assembly used for conducting steam soot blowing operation on the heating surface of the boiler, the soot blower assembly comprises a telescopic gun barrel used for adjusting the spraying distance, a driving device used for providing power for the soot blower assembly, a plurality of steam spraying nozzles which are installed on the front portion of the telescopic gun barrel and used for atomizing and directionally spraying steam, and a steam conveying pipeline used for being connected with a steam source and the steam spraying nozzles. The signal acquisition device is used for acquiring operation signals in a boiler soot blowing control loop; the control module is electrically connected with the soot blower assembly and the signal acquisition device, a preset control program is arranged in the control module, and the control module is used for receiving the operation signal transmitted by the signal acquisition device, generating a driving instruction based on the preset control program and sending the driving instruction to the soot blower assembly; an execution module; the invention is suitable for the technical field of soot blowing.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a soot blowing technology, more particularly, to an automatic soot blowing system for a boiler and a control method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] In industrial production, boilers are widely used in power generation, chemical industry, heating and many other fields as important energy conversion equipment. During long-term operation, the heating surface of the boiler will inevitably accumulate dust. In a thermal power plant, for example, a large amount of fly ash generated by fuel combustion will flow with the flue gas, and part of the fly ash will deposit on the heating surface, flue wall and other parts of the boiler. These accumulated dust not only reduces the heat transfer efficiency of the boiler, leading to energy waste, but also can cause a series of safety problems, seriously affecting the safe and stable operation of the boiler.

[0003] At present, most boilers still use manual soot blowing or timed soot blowing. Manual soot blowing requires operators to manually operate the soot blowing equipment in a high-temperature, high-dust and harsh environment, which is extremely labor-intensive. Moreover, due to human factors, it is difficult to accurately grasp the timing and intensity of soot blowing, which can easily result in insufficient or excessive soot blowing. The timed soot blowing method blows soot at preset time intervals, which does not take into account the actual operating conditions and the degree of dust accumulation of the boiler. For example, in some periods, the boiler has a serious dust accumulation, but it cannot be cleaned in time because it is not the set blowing time, which affects the efficiency of the boiler. In other periods, the dust accumulation is not much, but the blowing is performed according to the timing program, which not only wastes steam and other blowing media, but also accelerates the wear and tear of the equipment and reduces the service life of the equipment. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide an automatic soot blowing system for a boiler and a control method thereof.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following technical solutions: an automatic soot blowing system for a boiler, comprising:

[0006] At least one soot blower assembly for performing steam soot blowing on the heating surface of the boiler, the soot blower assembly comprising a telescopic lance for adjusting the jet distance, a driving device for providing power to the soot blower assembly, a plurality of steam jet nozzles mounted on the front part of the telescopic lance head for atomizing and directing the steam jet, and a steam delivery pipeline for connecting the steam source and the steam jet nozzle;

[0007] A signal acquisition device for acquiring operating signals in the boiler soot blowing control loop;

[0008] A control module is electrically connected with the soot blower assembly and the signal acquisition device, and is internally provided with a preset control program, for receiving an operation signal transmitted by the signal acquisition device, generating a driving instruction based on the preset control program and sending the driving instruction to the soot blower assembly.

[0009] An execution module is electrically connected with the control module, for responding to the driving instruction of the control module.

[0010] The length of the telescopic gun barrel and the width of the soot blowing area of the boiler heating surface are in a ratio of 1.1-1.3:1, and the steam jet nozzles are uniformly distributed along the axial direction of the telescopic gun barrel, and the angle difference between two adjacent steam jet nozzles is 15°-30°.

[0011] The control module comprises a central processing unit, a storage unit and a communication interface, and the storage unit is pre-stored with soot blowing configuration parameters corresponding to different boilers.

[0012] The signal acquisition device comprises a pressure sensor, a position sensor and a state sensor, the pressure sensor is used for collecting the soot blowing steam pressure in real time and transmitting the soot blowing steam pressure to the control module, the position sensor is used for collecting the gun insertion and gun withdrawal signals of the telescopic gun barrel, and the state sensor is used for collecting the opening and closing state signals of the main steam electric valve and the drain valve.

[0013] A control method of a boiler automatic soot blowing system, characterized in that the control method comprises the following steps:

[0014] S1, system initialization, the control module performs power-on self-checking on the signal acquisition device, the execution module and the hardware of the control module, detects the communication connection state and the working state of each component, then the control module calls the soot blowing configuration parameters corresponding to the current boiler to be sooted from the storage unit, including but not limited to the gun insertion speed, the gun withdrawal speed, the soot blowing pressure threshold, the preheating time and the fault judgment threshold, after the self-checking is completed, the system enters a standby state and waits for a starting instruction;

[0015] S2, receiving the starting instruction, judging whether the system starting condition is met;

[0016] S3, if the starting condition is met, the control module sends the drain valve opening instruction of the steam source to the execution module, so that the steam delivery pipeline is preheated for 3-5 min;

[0017] S4, after the preheating is completed, the control module drives the telescopic gun barrel to advance to the boiler heating surface until the gun insertion in-place signal fed back by the position sensor is triggered;

[0018] S5, after the gun insertion is in place, the control module performs the soot blowing operation according to the preset pressure curve;

[0019] S6: In the soot blowing process, the running signal is detected in real time to determine whether a fault occurs;

[0020] S7: If no fault occurs, after the soot blowing operation is completed, the control module controls the soot blower assembly to perform a gun retraction action;

[0021] S8: After the gun is retracted to the position, the main steam electric valve of the steam source is closed, the drain valve is kept open for a preset time and then closed, and one automatic soot blowing cycle is completed.

[0022] The application further provides that in S2, determining whether the system starting condition is met comprises:

[0023] S21: The control module receives a starting instruction triggered by an operator, and simultaneously acquires the current pressure P0 and the initial position S0 of the soot blower assembly through a signal acquisition device;

[0024] S22: The preset pressure normal range is [Pmin, Pmax], if P0 < Pmin, a pressure deficiency alarm is generated to prompt the operator to supplement the steam pressure and then restart; if P0 > Pmax, an overpressure alarm is generated to prompt the operator to reduce the pressure and then restart;

[0025] S23: If P0 ∈ [Pmin, Pmax], it is determined whether S0 is a gun retraction to position signal, if S0 is not the gun retraction to position signal, the control module controls the soot blower assembly to perform a gun retraction action until the gun retraction to position signal is acquired;

[0026] S24: After the gun is retracted to the position, it is detected again whether the main steam electric valve is in a closed state, if the main steam electric valve is in an open state, the control module controls the main steam electric valve to be closed, after the main steam electric valve is closed to the position, the system starting condition is met, and the process is turned to S3; if the main steam electric valve cannot be closed, a valve fault alarm is generated, and the starting process is stopped.

[0027] The application further provides that in S5, the soot blowing operation comprises:

[0028] S51: After the gun is inserted to the position, the control module sends a gradual opening instruction to the main steam electric valve, so that the valve opening degree is gradually increased from 0% to 30%-40% within 10-15s, at this time, the steam pressure is maintained at P1, P1 is a preset initial pressure, and P1 < 80% Pmin;

[0029] S52: The valve opening degree is maintained at 30%-40% for 20-30s, after the soot blower assembly is stably operated, according to a preset pressure curve, the valve opening degree is increased by 5%-8% every 5-8s, and at the same time, the steam pressure is monitored in real time through a pressure sensor to ensure that the pressure growth rate is ≤0.05 MPa / s;

[0030] S53: When the valve opening reaches 70%-80%, the steam pressure reaches the preset working pressure P2, P2∈[90%Pmin, 80%Pmax], the control module stops increasing the valve opening, keeps the current opening to perform the soot blowing operation, and until the soot blowing time reaches the preset value T;

[0031] S54: In the soot blowing process, if the pressure sensor detects that the steam pressure fluctuation exceeds ±0.03 MPa, the control module immediately adjusts the opening of the main steam electric valve, and the adjustment amplitude is ≤3% each time, until the pressure returns to the fluctuation range.

[0032] The application further provides that in S6, the fault judgment method comprises:

[0033] S61: The position sensor is used to collect the gun insertion / withdrawal position signal S of the soot blower assembly in real time, the collected signal S is compared with the position time sequence curve preset by the control module, and the deviation ΔS between the real-time position and the preset position is calculated;

[0034] S62: If ΔS≤5mm, it is judged that the soot blower assembly is normal, and the signal collection is continued; if 5mm<ΔS≤10mm, the control module sends an adjustment instruction to the driving device to correct the running speed, and the deviation change is continuously monitored; if ΔS returns to ≤5mm within 30s, the soot blowing operation is continued; if ΔS is still 5mm<ΔS≤10mm within 30s, it is judged that a position fault occurs, and a fault protection action is performed;

[0035] S63: The pressure sensor is used to collect the steam pressure signal P in real time, and it is judged whether P is in the range [P2-ΔP, P2+ΔP], wherein ΔP is a preset pressure fluctuation upper limit, and ΔP≤0.05 MPa; if P

[0036] S64: The state sensor is used to collect the state of the main steam electric valve in real time; if the control module does not receive the valve state change signal within 200ms after sending the valve action instruction, it is judged that a valve fault occurs, and a fault protection action is performed;

[0037] S65: The fault protection action comprises: immediately sending a closing instruction to the main steam electric valve, sending an emergency gun withdrawal instruction to the soot blower driving device, and simultaneously opening the drain valve, until the soot blower assembly is withdrawn to the position and the main steam electric valve is closed, the system enters a fault standby state, and waits for the operator to check.

[0038] The application further provides that in S62, the specific control method for correcting the running speed and continuously monitoring the deviation change is:

[0039] When 5mm < ΔS ≤ 10mm, the control module first acquires the running current I and driving voltage U of the current driving device, calculates the power, and simultaneously calls the pre-stored "current-voltage-speed" corresponding relation table in the storage unit to find the theoretical running speed V under the current I and U, and calculates the actual running speed V of the soot blower assembly through the position sensor signal change rate to obtain the speed deviation ΔV = |V - V |;

[0040] If ΔV ≤ 0.01m / s, it is judged that the deviation is caused by mechanical resistance fluctuation, the control module increases the U of the driving device by 5%-8% while keeping the I stable, and after adjustment, it continues to monitor for 15s, if ΔS ≤ 5mm and ΔV ≤ 0.01m / s within 15s, the normal soot blowing operation is restored, and the preset program continues to run;

[0041] If ΔS is still greater than 5mm or ΔV is greater than 0.01m / s within 15s, it is judged that the deviation is caused by driving device component wear, the control module reduces the speed of the driving device by 10%-15% and simultaneously reduces the opening of the main steam electric valve by 10%-15%, and after adjustment, it continues to monitor for 20s again;

[0042] If ΔS ≤ 5mm within 20s, it is determined that the adjustment is effective, the soot blowing operation continues, and the current fault information is stored in the storage unit;

[0043] If ΔS is still greater than 5mm or ΔS is greater than 10mm within 20s, it is determined that the driving device is faulty, and the fault protection action is immediately executed at S65.

[0044] The beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0045] 1. Compared with the prior art, the boiler automatic soot blowing system of the present application can flexibly adjust the spraying distance by setting the telescopic lance pipe, accurately adapt to the width requirement of different boiler heating surfaces, avoid energy waste and inconvenience caused by too long lance pipe, prevent blind area caused by too short lance pipe, significantly improve the soot blowing coverage efficiency; the driving device provides stable power for the system and is a core component, including but not limited to driving the telescopic lance pipe to adjust the distance, adjusting the steam injection pressure, etc.; the steam injection nozzle can realize multi-angle directional atomization injection, so that the steam uniformly covers the heating surface, greatly improves the soot blowing effect and reduces the ash residue; the steam conveying pipeline connects the steam source and the nozzle to ensure stable steam supply; the signal acquisition device acquires running signals in real time, the control module generates driving instructions based on the preset program and commands the execution module to act, realizes full-process automatic control, reduces manual intervention error, improves the safety and stability of soot blowing operation, and reduces the operation cost and manpower demand.

[0046] 2. The length of the extendable lance tube in the boiler automatic soot blowing system is set in proportion to the width of the boiler heating surface to be blown according to the ratio of 1.1-1.3:1, which can ensure that the lance tube covers the entire soot blowing area, avoid unnecessary mechanical burden and energy consumption caused by excessive length, prevent incomplete soot blowing in the edge area caused by excessive shortness, and accurately match the actual working condition requirements; the steam jet nozzles are uniformly distributed along the axial direction of the lance tube to ensure uniform output of steam along the length direction of the lance tube, and avoid local concentration or omission; the angle difference between adjacent nozzles is 15°-30°, which effectively destroys the adhesion of soot through multi-angle cross jetting, greatly improves the uniformity and completeness of soot blowing, improves the heat exchange rate of the boiler heating surface, and prolongs the service life of the boiler.

[0047] 3. In the present application, the central processing unit as the core operation unit has powerful data processing and instruction execution capability, can quickly respond to the operation signals transmitted by the signal acquisition device, accurately generates driving instructions according to the preset control program, and ensures the timeliness and accuracy of system control; the storage unit pre-stores soot blowing configuration parameters corresponding to different boilers, including key information such as lance entering speed, lance retreating speed, soot blowing pressure threshold, which can be flexibly called according to the characteristics of different boilers, realize personalized accurate control, adapt to diversified boiler working condition requirements, and avoid the problem of poor soot blowing effect caused by general parameters; the communication interface realizes efficient data interaction, guarantees the stability and real-time performance of information transmission, and makes the collaborative work of each component more smooth.

[0048] 4. The control method of the present application has the advantages of standardization and high efficiency; the signal acquisition device, the execution module and the hardware of the system are comprehensively powered on and self-checked in the system initialization stage, the communication connection and working state of each component are ensured to be normal, and the abnormal soot blowing operation caused by equipment failure is avoided from the source; the soot blowing configuration parameters corresponding to the current boiler to be blown are called to realize personalized accurate control and adapt to different boiler characteristics; the starting condition judgment link strictly checks, through multiple detection of pressure, lance position and valve state, to ensure that the system starts under safe and reliable conditions; the steam source drain valve is preheated to avoid water carrying in the steam, and the preset pressure curve is executed to blow soot, to ensure the rationality of soot blowing pressure and time; real-time fault detection and subsequent operations such as lance retreating and valve closing are standardized and orderly, forming a complete automatic soot blowing cycle, the whole process logic is clear and the steps are rigorous, which greatly affects the soot blowing effect; after the lance advances to the in-lance position signal is triggered, the automation degree, safety and effectiveness of soot blowing operation are improved, and the labor intensity and risk of human error are reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0049] Fig. 1 It is a schematic diagram of the boiler automatic soot blowing system of the present application.

[0050] Fig. 2 It is a flow chart of the control method of the boiler automatic soot blowing system of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] Reference Figs. 1-2 Further description is made to the embodiments of the boiler automatic soot blowing system and the control method thereof.

[0052] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right" and the like are used in the embodiments to describe the relationship of one element or feature to another element or feature as shown in the drawings. It should be understood that the spatial terms are intended to include different orientations of the device in use or operation, in addition to the orientation depicted in the drawings. For example, if the device in the drawings is turned over, an element described as being on the other element or feature "below" would then be oriented on the other element or feature "above". Thus, the exemplary term "below" can encompass both an orientation of above and below. The device can be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or oriented in other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.

[0053] Moreover, relative terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one component from another, without necessarily requiring or implying any such actual relationship or order between or among the components.

[0054] Figs. 1-2 An automatic soot blowing system for a boiler is shown, comprising:

[0055] At least one soot blower assembly for performing steam soot blowing operation on the heating surface of the boiler, the soot blower assembly comprising a telescopic lance for adjusting the jet distance, a driving device for providing power to the soot blower assembly, a plurality of steam jet nozzles mounted at the front of the telescopic lance head for atomizing and directing the steam jet, and a steam delivery pipeline for connecting the steam source and the steam jet nozzles;

[0056] A signal acquisition device for acquiring operation signals in the soot blowing control loop of the boiler, the operation signals including but not limited to soot blower mechanical positioning signals, lance insertion and withdrawal replacement signals, soot blowing steam pressure signals, and main steam electric valve state signals;

[0057] A control module electrically connected to the soot blower assembly and the signal acquisition device, the control module having a pre-set control program for receiving the operation signals transmitted by the signal acquisition device, generating driving instructions based on the pre-set control program, and sending the driving instructions to the soot blower assembly;

[0058] An execution module electrically connected to the control module for responding to the driving instructions of the control module;

[0059] By setting the telescopic lance, the spraying distance can be flexibly adjusted to accurately adapt to the width requirement of different boiler heating surfaces, avoiding energy waste and inconvenience caused by too long lance, and preventing blind area caused by too short lance, significantly improving the blowing coverage efficiency; the driving device provides stable power for the system, and is the core component, including but not limited to driving the telescopic lance to adjust the distance, adjusting the steam injection pressure, etc.; the steam injection nozzle can realize multi-angle directional atomization injection, making the steam evenly cover the heating surface, greatly improving the blowing effect and reducing the ash residue; the steam conveying pipeline connects the steam source and the nozzle to ensure stable steam supply; the signal acquisition device acquires running signals in real time, the control module generates driving instructions based on the preset program and commands the execution module to act, realizing full-process automatic control, reducing manual intervention errors, improving the safety and stability of blowing operation, and reducing operation cost and manpower demand.

[0060] The ratio of the length of the telescopic lance to the width of the boiler heating surface to be blown is 1.1-1.3:1, and the steam injection nozzles are uniformly distributed along the axial direction of the telescopic lance, and the angle difference between adjacent two steam injection nozzles is 15°-30°;

[0061] The length of the telescopic lance and the width of the boiler heating surface to be blown are set in a ratio of 1.1-1.3:1, which can ensure that the lance covers the entire blowing area, avoid unnecessary mechanical burden and energy consumption caused by too long lance, and prevent incomplete blowing in the edge area caused by too short lance, accurately matching the actual working condition requirement; the steam injection nozzles are uniformly distributed along the axial direction of the lance, ensuring uniform output of steam along the length direction of the lance, avoiding local concentration or omission; the angle difference between adjacent nozzles is 15°-30°, which effectively destroys the ash adhesion through multi-angle cross injection, greatly improves the uniformity and completeness of blowing, and prolongs the service life of the boiler heating surface.

[0062] The control module includes a central processing unit, a storage unit and a communication interface, and the storage unit pre-stores blowing configuration parameters corresponding to different boilers;

[0063] The central processing unit as the core operation unit has powerful data processing and instruction execution capability, can quickly respond to the running signals transmitted by the signal acquisition device, accurately generate driving instructions according to the preset control program, and ensure the timeliness and accuracy of system control; the storage unit pre-stores blowing configuration parameters corresponding to different boilers, including key information such as lance speed, lance speed, blowing pressure threshold, which can be flexibly called according to the characteristics of different boilers, realizing individualized accurate control, adapting to diversified boiler working condition requirements, and avoiding poor blowing effect caused by general parameters; the communication interface realizes efficient data interaction, ensures the stability and real-time of information transmission, and makes the cooperation of each component more smooth.

[0064] The signal acquisition device includes a pressure sensor, a position sensor, and a state sensor, the pressure sensor is used for collecting the blowing steam pressure in real time and transmitting to the control module; the position sensor is used for collecting the gun entering and gun retreating signals of the telescopic gun barrel; the state sensor is used for collecting the opening and closing state signals of the main steam electric valve and the drain valve;

[0065] A control method of an automatic soot blowing system of a boiler, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:

[0066] S1, system initialization, the control module performs power-on self-checking on the signal acquisition device, the execution module and the hardware itself, detects the communication connection state and the working state of each component, then the control module calls the soot blowing configuration parameters corresponding to the boiler to be sooted from the storage unit, including but not limited to the gun entering speed, the gun retreating speed, the soot blowing pressure threshold, the preheating time and the fault judgment threshold; after the self-checking is completed, the system enters the standby state and waits for the starting instruction;

[0067] S2: receiving the starting instruction, judging whether the system starting condition is met;

[0068] S3: if the starting condition is met, the control module sends the drain valve opening instruction of the steam source to the execution module, so that the steam delivery pipeline is preheated for 3-5 min;

[0069] S4: after the preheating is completed, the control module drives the telescopic gun barrel to advance to the boiler heating surface until the gun entering in-place signal fed back by the position sensor triggers;

[0070] S5: after the gun entering is in place, the control module executes the soot blowing operation according to the preset pressure curve;

[0071] S6: during the soot blowing process, the running signals are detected in real time, and whether a fault occurs is judged;

[0072] S7: if no fault occurs, after the soot blowing operation is completed, the control module controls the soot blower assembly to execute the gun retreating action;

[0073] S8: after the gun retreating is in place, the main steam electric valve of the steam source is closed, the drain valve is kept open for a preset time and then closed, and one automatic soot blowing cycle is completed;

[0074] This control method boasts significant advantages in standardization and efficiency. During system initialization, a comprehensive power-on self-test is performed on the signal acquisition device, execution module, and its own hardware to ensure normal communication connections and operational status of all components, preventing abnormal soot blowing operations caused by equipment malfunctions. It utilizes the soot blowing configuration parameters corresponding to the boiler to be soot blown, achieving personalized and precise control to adapt to different boiler characteristics. Strict control is exercised in the start-up condition judgment stage, using multiple checks on pressure, gun position, and valve status to ensure the system starts under safe and reliable conditions. The steam source drain valve is opened for preheating to prevent water from carrying over the steam and affecting the soot blowing effect. After the gun is advanced to the designated position and the signal is triggered, soot blowing is performed according to the preset pressure curve, ensuring the rationality of soot blowing pressure and time. Real-time fault detection and subsequent operations such as gun retraction and valve closure are standardized and orderly, forming a complete automatic soot blowing cycle. The entire process is logically clear and the steps are rigorous, significantly improving the automation, safety, and effectiveness of soot blowing operations while reducing the intensity and risk of manual operation errors.

[0075] In step S2, determining whether the system startup conditions are met includes:

[0076] S21: The control module receives the start command triggered by the operator and simultaneously obtains the current pressure P0 and the initial position S0 of the sootblower assembly through the signal acquisition device.

[0077] S22: The preset normal pressure range is [Pmin, Pmax]. If P0 < Pmin, an insufficient pressure alarm will be generated, prompting the user to replenish steam pressure and restart. If P0 > Pmax, an overpressure alarm will be generated, prompting the user to reduce pressure and restart.

[0078] S23: If P0∈[Pmin,Pmax], determine whether S0 is the gun retraction signal. If S0 is not the gun retraction signal, control the soot blower assembly to perform the gun retraction action until the gun retraction signal is collected.

[0079] S24: After the gun is withdrawn to the correct position, check again whether the main steam electric valve is in the closed position. If the main steam electric valve is in the open position, control it to close. After it is closed, the system start-up conditions are met, and proceed to S3. If the main steam electric valve cannot be closed, generate a valve fault alarm and stop the start-up process.

[0080] Upon receiving the start command from the operator, the system acquires the current pressure and initial position of the nozzle via a signal acquisition device, providing basic data for subsequent judgments. A preset normal pressure range is established and graded for judgment. When the pressure falls below the lower limit, a pressure deficiency alarm is generated, prompting the replenishment of steam to prevent poor soot blowing performance due to insufficient pressure. When the pressure exceeds the upper limit, an overpressure alarm is generated, prompting a pressure reduction to prevent equipment damage due to overpressure. The initial position of the nozzle is rigorously checked; if it is not in the correct retraction position signal, the nozzle is retracted to ensure it is in the correct starting position, preventing subsequent malfunctions. Finally, the status of the main steam electric valve is checked; if it is open, it is closed; if it cannot be closed, a valve fault alarm is generated and the start-up is stopped. These measures eliminate potential risks at multiple critical stages, ensuring the system only starts when all conditions meet safety requirements, laying a solid foundation for subsequent soot blowing operations and effectively preventing various malfunctions and accidents that may occur during the start-up phase.

[0081] In step S5, the soot blowing operation includes:

[0082] S51: After the nozzle is in place, the control module sends a gradual opening command to the main steam electric valve, so that the valve opening gradually increases from 0% to 30%-40% within 10-15s. At this time, the steam pressure is maintained at P1, which is the preset initial pressure, and P1 < 80%Pmin.

[0083] S52: Maintain the valve opening at 30%-40% for 20-30 seconds. After the sootblower assembly stabilizes, increase the valve opening by 5%-8% every 5-8 seconds according to the preset pressure curve. At the same time, monitor the steam pressure in real time through the pressure sensor to ensure that the pressure increase rate is ≤0.05MPa / s.

[0084] S53: When the valve opening reaches 70%-80%, the steam pressure reaches the preset working pressure P2, P2∈[90%Pmin, 80%Pmax]. The control module stops increasing the valve opening and maintains the current opening to perform soot blowing operation until the soot blowing time reaches the preset value T.

[0085] S54: During soot blowing, if the pressure sensor detects a steam pressure fluctuation exceeding ±0.03MPa, the control module immediately adjusts the opening of the main steam electric valve, with each adjustment increment ≤3%, until the pressure returns to the fluctuation range;

[0086] After the sootblower is in position, the main steam electric valve gradually opens, increasing from 0% to 30%-40% within 10-15 seconds. The steam pressure is maintained at a low, preset initial pressure. This process allows the system to pressurize slowly, avoiding sudden pressure changes that could impact the equipment and ensuring a smooth start-up and operation of the sootblower assembly. After maintaining a low opening for a period until the system stabilizes, the valve opening is gradually increased according to the preset pressure curve, while strictly monitoring the steam pressure increase rate to ensure a smooth pressure rise and prevent safety issues caused by excessively rapid pressure increases. When the valve opening reaches 70%-80%, the steam pressure reaches the preset working pressure. The opening is then stopped, and the sootblowing operation is performed at this opening until the preset time, ensuring that the sootblowing pressure and time meet the process requirements and achieve the best sootblowing effect. Pressure fluctuations are monitored in real time during sootblowing. If the pressure exceeds ±0.03MPa, the valve opening is adjusted promptly to ensure pressure stability and further improve the stability and reliability of sootblowing quality.

[0087] In step S6, the fault determination method includes:

[0088] S61: The position signal S of the sootblower assembly in advance / retreat is collected in real time by the position sensor, compared with the position timing curve preset by the control module, and the deviation ΔS between the real-time position and the preset position is calculated.

[0089] S62: If ΔS≤5mm, the sootblower assembly is considered to be operating normally, and signal acquisition continues; if 5mm<ΔS≤10mm, the control module sends an adjustment command to the drive device to correct the running speed, while continuously monitoring the deviation change. If ΔS recovers to ≤5mm within 30s, the sootblowing operation continues; if ΔS is still 5mm<ΔS≤10mm within 30s, it is determined to be a position fault, and fault protection action is executed.

[0090] S63: The steam pressure signal P is collected in real time by the pressure sensor. It is determined whether P is within the range of [P2-ΔP, P2+ΔP], where ΔP is the preset pressure fluctuation upper limit and ΔP≤0.05MPa. If P<P2-ΔP and lasts for more than 10 seconds, it is determined to be a pressure deficiency fault; if P>P2+ΔP and lasts for more than 5 seconds, it is determined to be an overpressure fault. In both cases, the fault protection action is executed.

[0091] S64: The status of the main steam electric valve is collected in real time by the status sensor. If the control module does not receive a valve status change signal within 200ms after sending the valve action command, it is determined to be a valve fault and the fault protection action is executed.

[0092] S65: The fault protection action includes: immediately sending a shut-off command to the main steam electric valve and an emergency gun retraction command to the sootblower drive device, while opening the drain valve until the sootblower assembly is retracted into place and the main steam electric valve is closed. The system then enters a fault standby state, waiting for the operator to check.

[0093] Position sensors monitor the position of sootblower components in real time, promptly detect and adjust positional deviations to prevent escalation of faults; pressure sensors monitor steam pressure to identify insufficient or overpressure faults, ensuring system safety; status sensors detect valve status to prevent valve malfunctions from affecting system operation; fault protection actions respond quickly to avoid equipment damage and energy waste, improving reliability and safety.

[0094] In S62, the specific control method for correcting the running speed and continuously monitoring the deviation change is as follows:

[0095] When 5mm < ΔS ≤ 10mm, the control module first obtains the current operating current I and driving voltage U of the current drive device and calculates the power. At the same time, it calls the "current-voltage-speed" correspondence table stored in the storage unit to find the theoretical operating speed V_theoretical under the current I and U. Meanwhile, it calculates the actual operating speed V_actual of the sootblower assembly through the change rate of the position sensor signal and calculates the speed deviation ΔV = |V_theoretical - V_actual|.

[0096] If ΔV≤0.01m / s, the deviation is determined to be caused by mechanical resistance fluctuations. The control module will increase the drive unit's U by 5%-8% while keeping I stable. After adjustment, it will continue to monitor for 15s. If ΔS≤5mm and ΔV≤0.01m / s within 15s, the normal soot blowing operation will be restored and the operation will continue according to the preset program.

[0097] If ΔS is still greater than 5mm or ΔV is greater than 0.01m / s within 15s, the deviation is judged to be caused by wear of the drive unit components. The control module will reduce the speed of the drive unit by 10%-15% and reduce the opening of the main steam electric valve by 10%-15%. After adjustment, it will continue to monitor for 20s.

[0098] If ΔS≤5mm within 20s, the adjustment is deemed effective, the soot blowing operation continues, and the current fault information is stored in the storage unit;

[0099] If ΔS is still greater than 5mm or greater than 10mm within 20s, it is determined that the drive device is faulty, and the fault protection action is immediately executed by switching to S65.

[0100] The theoretical operating speed is calculated by using the operating current and drive voltage, and then compared with the actual operating speed.

[0101] Compare and determine the cause of the deviation; take corresponding adjustment measures based on the cause of the deviation, such as improving the drive.

[0102] Reduce voltage or speed to ensure stable system operation; continuously monitor deviation changes and adjust promptly.

[0103] Feedback and feedback are provided to prevent the fault from escalating; fault information is stored for subsequent analysis and maintenance.

[0104] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Those skilled in the art...

[0105] All ordinary changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technical solution of this invention should include

[0106] Within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. An automatic soot blowing system for boilers, characterized in that: include: At least one set of soot blower assemblies for steam soot blowing operations on boiler heating surfaces, the soot blower assembly including a telescopic gun barrel for adjusting the spray distance, a drive device for providing power to the soot blower assembly, a plurality of steam injection nozzles installed at the front of the telescopic gun head for atomizing and directionally spraying steam, and a steam delivery pipeline for connecting the steam source and the steam injection nozzles. Signal acquisition device, used to acquire operating signals in the boiler soot blowing control loop; The control module is electrically connected to the soot blower assembly and the signal acquisition device respectively. The control module has a built-in preset control program for receiving the operation signal transmitted by the signal acquisition device, generating drive commands based on the preset control program and sending them to the soot blower assembly. An execution module, electrically connected to the control module, is used to respond to the drive commands of the control module.

2. The automatic soot blowing system for a boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ratio of the length of the retractable gun barrel to the width of the area to be blown off on the boiler heating surface is 1.1-1.3:

1. The steam injection nozzles are evenly distributed along the axial direction of the retractable gun barrel, and the injection angle difference between two adjacent steam injection nozzles is 15°-30°.

3. The automatic soot blowing system for a boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control module includes a central processing unit, a storage unit, and a communication interface. The storage unit pre-stores soot blowing configuration parameters corresponding to different boilers.

4. The automatic soot blowing system for a boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that, The signal acquisition device includes a pressure sensor, a position sensor, and a status sensor. The pressure sensor is used to acquire the soot blowing steam pressure in real time and transmit it to the control module. The position sensor is used to acquire the forward and backward movement signals of the retractable gun barrel. The status sensor is used to acquire the on / off status signals of the main steam electric valve and the drain valve.

5. A control method applicable to the boiler automatic soot blowing system according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. System initialization: The control module performs a power-on self-test on the signal acquisition device, execution module, and its own hardware, checking the communication connection status and working status of each component. Then, the control module retrieves the soot blowing configuration parameters corresponding to the current soot blowing boiler from the storage unit, including but not limited to the lance advance speed, lance retraction speed, soot blowing pressure threshold, preheating time, and fault judgment threshold. After the self-test is completed, the system enters standby mode, waiting for the start command. S2: Receive the startup command and determine whether the system startup conditions are met; S3: If the start-up conditions are met, the control module sends a steam source drain valve opening command to the execution module to preheat the steam delivery pipeline for 3-5 minutes. S4: After preheating is completed, the control module drives the retractable gun barrel to advance towards the boiler heating surface until the position sensor triggers the gun barrel positioning signal. S5: After the gun is in position, the control module performs the soot blowing operation according to the preset pressure curve; S6: During the soot blowing process, the operating signals are monitored in real time to determine whether a fault has occurred; S7: If no fault occurs, after the soot blowing operation is completed, control the soot blower assembly to perform the gun retraction action; S8: After the gun is withdrawn to the correct position, close the main steam electric valve of the steam source, keep the drain valve open for a preset time, and then close it to complete one automatic soot blowing cycle.

6. The control method for the boiler automatic soot blowing system according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S2, determining whether the system startup conditions are met includes: S21: The control module receives the start command triggered by the operator and simultaneously obtains the current pressure P0 and the initial position S0 of the sootblower assembly through the signal acquisition device. S22: The preset normal pressure range is [Pmin, Pmax]. If P0 < Pmin, an insufficient pressure alarm will be generated, prompting the user to replenish steam pressure and restart. If P0 > Pmax, an overpressure alarm will be generated, prompting the user to reduce pressure and restart. S23: If P0∈[Pmin,Pmax], determine whether S0 is the gun retraction signal. If S0 is not the gun retraction signal, control the soot blower assembly to perform the gun retraction action until the gun retraction signal is collected. S24: After the gun is withdrawn to the correct position, check again whether the main steam electric valve is in the closed state. If the main steam electric valve is in the open state, control it to close. After it is closed, the system start-up conditions are met, and proceed to S3. If the main steam electric valve cannot be closed, generate a valve fault alarm and stop the start-up process.

7. The control method for the boiler automatic soot blowing system according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S5, the soot blowing operation includes: S51: After the nozzle is in place, the control module sends a gradual opening command to the main steam electric valve, so that the valve opening gradually increases from 0% to 30%-40% within 10-15s. At this time, the steam pressure is maintained at P1, which is the preset initial pressure, and P1 < 80%Pmin. S52: Maintain the valve opening at 30%-40% for 20-30 seconds. After the sootblower assembly stabilizes, increase the valve opening by 5%-8% every 5-8 seconds according to the preset pressure curve. At the same time, monitor the steam pressure in real time through the pressure sensor to ensure that the pressure increase rate is ≤0.05MPa / s. S53: When the valve opening reaches 70%-80%, the steam pressure reaches the preset working pressure P2, P2∈[90%Pmin, 80%Pmax]. The control module stops increasing the valve opening and maintains the current opening to perform soot blowing operation until the soot blowing time reaches the preset value T. S54: During soot blowing, if the pressure sensor detects a steam pressure fluctuation exceeding ±0.03MPa, the control module immediately adjusts the opening of the main steam electric valve, with each adjustment increment ≤3%, until the pressure returns to the fluctuation range.

8. The control method for the boiler automatic soot blowing system according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S6, the fault determination method includes: S61: The position signal S of the sootblower assembly in advance / retreat is collected in real time by the position sensor, compared with the position timing curve preset by the control module, and the deviation ΔS between the real-time position and the preset position is calculated. S62: If ΔS≤5mm, the sootblower assembly is considered to be operating normally, and signal acquisition continues; if 5mm<ΔS≤10mm, the control module sends an adjustment command to the drive device to correct the running speed, while continuously monitoring the deviation change. If ΔS recovers to ≤5mm within 30s, the sootblowing operation continues; if ΔS is still 5mm<ΔS≤10mm within 30s, it is determined to be a position fault, and fault protection action is executed. S63: The steam pressure signal P is collected in real time by the pressure sensor. It is determined whether P is within the range of [P2-ΔP, P2+ΔP], where ΔP is the preset pressure fluctuation upper limit and ΔP≤0.05MPa. If P<P2-ΔP and lasts for more than 10 seconds, it is determined to be a pressure deficiency fault; if P>P2+ΔP and lasts for more than 5 seconds, it is determined to be an overpressure fault. In both cases, the fault protection action is executed. S64: The status of the main steam electric valve is collected in real time by the status sensor. If the control module does not receive a valve status change signal within 200ms after sending the valve action command, it is determined to be a valve fault and the fault protection action is executed. S65: The fault protection actions include: immediately sending a shut-off command to the main steam electric valve, sending an emergency gun retraction command to the sootblower drive device, and simultaneously opening the drain valve until the sootblower assembly is retracted into place and the main steam electric valve is closed. The system then enters a fault standby state, waiting for the operator to check.

9. The control method for the boiler automatic soot blowing system according to claim 8, characterized in that, In S62, the specific control method for correcting the running speed and continuously monitoring the deviation change is as follows: When 5mm < ΔS ≤ 10mm, the control module first obtains the current operating current I and driving voltage U of the current drive device and calculates the power. At the same time, it calls the "current-voltage-speed" correspondence table stored in the storage unit to find the theoretical operating speed V_theoretical under the current I and U. Meanwhile, it calculates the actual operating speed V_actual of the sootblower assembly through the change rate of the position sensor signal and calculates the speed deviation ΔV = |V_theoretical - V_actual|. If ΔV≤0.01m / s, the deviation is determined to be caused by mechanical resistance fluctuations. The control module will increase the drive unit's U by 5%-8% while keeping I stable. After adjustment, it will continue to monitor for 15s. If ΔS≤5mm and ΔV≤0.01m / s within 15s, the normal soot blowing operation will be restored and the operation will continue according to the preset program. If ΔS is still greater than 5mm or ΔV is greater than 0.01m / s within 15s, the deviation is judged to be caused by wear of the drive unit components. The control module will reduce the speed of the drive unit by 10%-15% and reduce the opening of the main steam electric valve by 10%-15%. After adjustment, it will continue to monitor for 20s. If ΔS≤5mm within 20s, the adjustment is deemed effective, the soot blowing operation continues, and the current fault information is stored in the storage unit; If ΔS is still greater than 5mm or greater than 10mm within 20 seconds, it is determined to be a drive device malfunction, and the system will immediately switch to S65 to perform the fault protection action.

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