Tail dust removal device of waste incineration boiler
By installing a large cavity and baffle dust collector at the tail end of the flue, the problem of excessive fly ash in the boiler outlet flue gas was solved, achieving efficient settling and collection of fly ash, and reducing the burden on the purification system and processing costs.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511926825.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-19
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-10
AI Technical Summary
In existing waste incineration boilers, the flue gas at the boiler outlet still contains a large amount of fly ash, which leads to a heavy burden on the subsequent flue gas purification system and high treatment costs.
A sudden large cavity and a baffle dust collector are installed at the tail end of the flue. By reducing the flue gas velocity, the fly ash settles, and the baffle dust collector with a labyrinth structure further removes the fly ash. Combined with the ash hopper and slag discharge machine, the fly ash is collected and discharged.
It effectively reduces the amount of fly ash in flue gas, reduces the burden on subsequent purification systems, lowers treatment costs, and increases economic benefits through the harmless treatment of fly ash.
Smart Images
Figure CN121498078A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to a waste incineration boiler, and more particularly to a dust removal device at the tail end of a waste incineration boiler. Background Technology
[0002] With rapid urbanization, urban waste problems are becoming increasingly serious. How to achieve the harmless, reduced, and resource-based treatment of urban waste has become a major global challenge. Therefore, waste incineration has been widely adopted as a waste disposal method.
[0003] The flue gas produced after waste incineration contains a large amount of fly ash. This fly ash adheres to the boiler's heating surfaces as it flows through them, affecting heat exchange efficiency and causing pipe wear. While most of the fly ash in the flue gas can be discharged through soot blowing devices and natural settling, a significant amount of fly ash still remains in the flue gas at the boiler outlet. Figure 4 It is evident that the flue gas contains a significant amount of fly ash, while the amount of fly ash falling into ash hopper 5 is relatively small. This places a heavy burden and incurs substantial economic costs on subsequent exhaust gas and fly ash treatment. Therefore, reducing fly ash in the boiler outlet flue gas is a crucial factor directly related to the user's economic benefits and product competitiveness, and it is also a problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned background technology and provide a dust removal device for the tail end of a waste incineration boiler; the dust removal device should be able to effectively remove fly ash from the flue gas, so as to reduce the burden on the subsequent flue gas purification system and reduce the fly ash treatment cost.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:
[0006] A dust removal device for the tail end of a waste incineration boiler includes an ash hopper and a slag discharger sequentially arranged on the lower side of the flue tail end, and a flue gas outlet connected to the side wall of the flue tail end. The device is characterized in that: a sudden-change large cavity is connected to the lower end of the flue tail end; the bottom end of the sudden-change large cavity is sequentially connected to the ash hopper and the slag discharger to discharge fly ash separated from the flue gas; the flue gas outlet is provided on the side wall of the sudden-change large cavity; a baffle dust collector is provided between the sudden-change large cavity and the flue gas outlet, so that the flue gas is cleaned by the baffle dust collector before entering the subsequent flue gas purification system for further treatment.
[0007] The abruptly changed large cavity is a shell-like large cavity structure formed by splicing together multiple steel plates around its perimeter, and its flow cross-section is at least 130% of the flow cross-section of a conventional tail flue; a guide plate is installed inside the abruptly changed large cavity.
[0008] The multiple steel plates are regular or irregular steel plates.
[0009] The baffle dust collector has a labyrinth structure formed by multiple baffles working together.
[0010] The guide plate is inclined along the flue gas flow.
[0011] The baffle is a flat plate, a folded plate, or a structural steel.
[0012] The ash hopper is located below the abruptly large cavity and the baffle dust collector. It has an inverted trapezoidal structure with a large inlet and a narrow outlet, and is a shell made of multiple steel plates joined together on all four sides.
[0013] The slag discharge machine is located below the ash hopper and discharges the fly ash collected in the ash hopper as slag. The slag discharged by the slag discharge machine can be treated harmlessly, turning waste into treasure and increasing the economic benefits for users.
[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: Due to the abrupt change in the large cavity, the flow velocity of the flue gas entering the cavity is reduced, causing fly ash in the flue gas to settle due to gravity and thus detach from the flue gas. Furthermore, the baffle plate at the inlet of the large cavity effectively allows the flue gas entering from the conventional flue to better fill the cavity, increasing the travel distance in the slow-flow zone and more effectively utilizing the fly ash settling function of the large cavity. Simultaneously, a baffle dust collector with a labyrinth structure is installed at the flue gas outlet of the large cavity, which blocks and buffers the flue gas flow, causing some of the fly ash to detach from the flue gas. The combined effect of these factors effectively removes most of the fly ash. Attached Figure Description
[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of an embodiment of the present invention;
[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the flue gas flow state in the baffle dust collector according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0017] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the flue gas flow field in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0018] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the flue gas flow field in a conventional flue.
[0019] Figure labels: 1. Sudden large cavity; 2. Flue; 3. Baffle plate; 4. Dust collector; 5. Ash hopper; 6. Slag discharger; 7. Baffle; 8. Tail flue; 9. Fly ash; Arrows in the figure indicate the direction of flue gas flow. Detailed Implementation
[0020] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
[0021] Figure 1The waste incineration boiler tail dust removal device shown includes an ash hopper 3, a slag discharge machine 4, and a flue gas outlet connected to the side wall of the flue gas tail, which are arranged sequentially on the lower side of the flue gas tail. The flue gas outlet is connected to an external flue gas purification system. This is similar to conventional waste incineration boiler dust removal devices.
[0022] The improvement of this invention is that a sudden-change large cavity 1 is provided at the tail end of the flue (which is formed by expanding the original tail flue 8 at the lower end of the flue). The top end of the sudden-change large cavity is connected to the tail end of the flue, and the bottom end is connected to the ash hopper and the slag discharge machine in sequence to discharge the fly ash separated from the flue gas. A flue gas outlet is provided on the side wall of the sudden-change large cavity, and a baffle dust collector 4 is provided between the sudden-change large cavity and the flue gas outlet so that the flue gas is dusted by the baffle dust collector before entering the subsequent flue gas purification system for treatment.
[0023] The abrupt change in the large cavity 1 is a shell-like large cavity structure formed by splicing together multiple steel plates around its perimeter; the steel plates can be regular or irregular, and are preferably wear-resistant steel plates. The size and shape of the abrupt change in the large cavity can be optimized according to the flue gas flow field, flow velocity, and flue gas temperature; preferably, the flow cross-section of the abrupt change in the large cavity ( Figure 1 The cross-section (parallel to the horizontal plane) is at least 130% of the conventional tail flue flow cross-section.
[0024] A guide plate 3 is installed on the inner wall of the abrupt change cavity (specifically at the junction with the tail of the flue). The guide plate is inclined along the flue gas flow (as shown in the figure: the guide plate forms an acute angle with the horizontal plane). The size, number, position, and guiding angle of the guide plate can be optimized according to the flue gas flow field, so that the flue gas entering the abrupt change cavity from the conventional flue can more effectively fill the abrupt change cavity and increase the travel of the flue gas slow flow zone. The guide plate is preferably made of wear-resistant steel plate.
[0025] The baffle dust collector 4 consists of a labyrinth structure (conventional structure) formed by multiple layers and sections of baffles 7 working together. The number of baffle layers can be optimized according to the flue gas flow field and velocity, and is generally set to 2-3 layers. The baffle type can be optimized according to the flue gas flow field, and can be steel flat plate, shaped steel, corrugated plate, folded plate, etc. The baffle material is preferably wear-resistant steel plate. The number, size, position, and gap of each layer of baffles can be optimized according to the flue gas flow field and velocity.
[0026] The ash hopper 5 is located below the abrupt change large cavity 1 and the baffle dust collector 4. The ash hopper 5 is a shell structure assembled from multiple steel plates. The ash hopper has an inverted trapezoidal structure with a large inlet and a narrowing outlet, which is intended to collect the settled fly ash from the abrupt change large cavity and the baffle dust collector. The size and tilt angle of the ash hopper can be optimized according to the actual situation of the project.
[0027] The slag discharger 6 is located below the ash hopper 5. It discharges the fly ash collected in the ash hopper as slag. The slag discharged by the slag discharger can be treated in a harmless manner, turning waste into treasure and increasing the economic benefits for users.
[0028] The working principle of this invention is as follows: When high-temperature flue gas enters the abruptly changed large cavity from a conventional flue, the flue gas velocity decreases (by at least 30% compared to the flue gas velocity in the tail flue before the improvement); this causes the fly ash in the flue gas to settle due to its own gravity, thus precipitating out of the flue gas. Furthermore, a guide plate is installed at the inlet of the abruptly changed large cavity to more effectively utilize its function of settling fly ash. Simultaneously, a baffle dust collector with a labyrinth structure is installed at the flue gas outlet of the abruptly changed large cavity, which can block and buffer the flue gas flow, causing some of the fly ash to precipitate out of the flue gas; an ash hopper is installed below the abruptly changed large cavity and the baffle dust collector, where the settled fly ash falls (compared to...). Figure 3 and Figure 4 It can be seen that the fly ash passing through the baffle dust collector is significantly reduced, while the fly ash falling into the ash hopper is significantly increased, and the fly ash is discharged as slag through the slag discharge machine below the ash hopper. The discharged slag can be treated harmlessly, turning waste into treasure and increasing the company's revenue. At the same time, after a large amount of fly ash is released from the high-temperature flue gas, the amount of fly ash in the flue gas is reduced by at least 20%; this greatly reduces the dust removal burden of the subsequent flue gas purification system and lowers operating costs.
[0029] The above description of the embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
Claims
1. A dust removal device for the tail end of a waste incineration boiler, comprising an ash hopper (5) and a slag discharger (6) sequentially arranged on the lower side of the tail end of a flue (2), and a flue gas outlet connected to the side wall of the tail end of the flue, characterized in that: The lower end of the flue tail is connected to a sudden change large cavity (1), and the bottom end of the sudden change large cavity is connected to the ash hopper and the slag discharge machine in sequence to discharge the fly ash separated from the flue gas; the flue gas outlet is provided on the side wall of the sudden change large cavity, and a baffle dust collector (4) is provided between the sudden change large cavity and the flue gas outlet so that the flue gas can be cleaned by the baffle dust collector and then enter the subsequent flue gas purification system for treatment; The abrupt change large cavity is a shell-shaped large cavity structure formed by splicing together multiple steel plates around its perimeter, and its flow cross-section is at least 130% of the flow cross-section of a conventional tail flue; a guide plate (3) is provided on the inner wall of the abrupt change large cavity.
2. The dust removal device at the tail end of a waste incineration boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multiple steel plates are regular or irregular steel plates.
3. The dust removal device at the tail end of a waste incineration boiler according to claim 2, characterized in that: The baffle dust collector has a labyrinth structure formed by multiple baffles (7) working together.
4. The dust removal device at the tail end of a waste incineration boiler according to claim 3, characterized in that: The guide plate is inclined along the flue gas flow.
5. The dust removal device at the tail end of a waste incineration boiler according to claim 4, characterized in that: The baffle is a flat plate, a folded plate, or a structural steel.
6. The dust removal device at the tail end of a waste incineration boiler according to claim 5, characterized in that: The ash hopper is located below the abruptly large cavity and the baffle dust collector. It has an inverted trapezoidal structure with a large inlet and a narrow outlet, and is a shell made of multiple steel plates joined together on all four sides.