Ball separation ventilation device and high-temperature reactor fuel loading and unloading system

Abstract

The invention discloses a ball separation ventilation device and a high-temperature reactor fuel loading and unloading system, and the ball separation ventilation device comprises a shell which is provided with a ball inlet and a ball outlet; the valve plate is provided with a flashboard ball separation vent hole and a flashboard ball passing hole, the inner diameter of the flashboard ball separation vent hole is smaller than the outer diameter of the fuel ball, and the outer diameter of the ball inlet, the outer diameter of the ball outlet and the outer diameter of the flashboard ball passing hole are all larger than the outer diameter of the fuel ball; the valve plate control assembly is connected with the valve plate and controls the valve plate to move between a first position and a second position; when a fuel ball normally passes through, the valve plate control assembly controls the valve plate to be located at the first position, and the flashboard ball passing hole is communicated with the ball inlet and the ball outlet. And when the fuel ball is blocked, the valve plate control assembly controls the valve plate to be located at the second position, and the flashboard ball separation vent hole communicates with the ball inlet and the ball outlet correspondingly, so that reverse suction air flow can normally pass through and block the fuel ball. During reverse suction jam releasing, the flashboard ball separation vent holes can effectively block reverse flowing of fuel balls, and the fuel balls are prevented from falling off from the high position and being broken.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of reactor engineering auxiliary systems technology, specifically to a spherical aeration device and a high-temperature reactor fuel loading and unloading system. Background Technology

[0002] The fuel loading and unloading system is a key system for achieving long-term safe and stable operation of the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTR-PM) and refueling without reactor interruption. Its main functions include loading new fuel into the core, unloading spent fuel from the core, and recycling fuel elements back into the core. The HTR-PM fuel loading and unloading system is designed with a single-row, directional, and orderly transport principle, utilizing both gravity and pneumatic methods to transport and unload fuel elements. Gravity utilizes the advantageous geometry of the spherical fuel elements, relying on gravity to transport them from top to bottom in vertical or inclined pipes; pneumatic lifting relies on a pneumatic lifting system to transport fuel elements from bottom to top. The HTR-PM HTR-PM is a "two-reactor-one-engine" system. The two reactors utilize seven pipelines for pneumatic fuel element transport: four core feed pipes, two primary unloading pipes, and one secondary unloading pipe. Each pipeline has an ascending pipe and a gravity-feeding pipe (e.g., [missing information]). Figure 2 As shown, when the ball flow becomes blocked in the gravity ball drop pipe, the airflow organization method of reverse suction can be used to break the bridge with pneumatic force. However, reverse suction may cause the fuel ball to fall back from the gravity ball drop pipe to the launcher side. Due to the high drop height, the fuel ball is easily damaged.

[0003] To address the issue of fuel spheres breaking due to disengagement, existing technologies prevent fuel sphere breakage by closing the electrically operated isolation valve on the small sphere flow channel while maintaining the reverse helium flow channel. However, repeated reverse suction causes the fuel sphere to repeatedly collide with the valve core of the electrically operated isolation valve, which can easily damage the valve core. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a sump venting device and a high-temperature reactor fuel loading and unloading system to solve the problem that current methods are prone to causing fuel spheres to break or electric isolation valve cores to be damaged when the sump flow becomes blocked in the gravity sump venting pipe.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a spherical ventilation device, comprising: A housing, wherein the housing is provided with an inlet and an outlet; The valve plate is provided with a gate ball vent and a gate ball passage. The inner diameter of the gate ball vent is smaller than the outer diameter of the fuel ball, and the outer diameters of the inlet, outlet and gate ball passage are all larger than the outer diameter of the fuel ball. A valve plate control assembly, which is connected to the valve plate and controls the valve plate to move in a first position and a second position; When the fuel ball passes through normally, the valve plate control assembly controls the valve plate to be in the first position, and the gate ball passage hole is connected to the inlet and outlet ball respectively; when the fuel ball is blocked, the valve plate control assembly controls the valve plate to be in the second position, and the gate ball vent hole is connected to the inlet and outlet ball respectively, so that the reverse suction airflow can pass through normally and block the fuel ball.

[0006] The beneficial effects of the above-mentioned ball-separating venting device are as follows: by switching the valve plate to the second position, the ball-separating venting hole of the gate plate is connected to the inlet and outlet of the ball. When the reverse suction is released, the ball-separating venting hole of the gate plate can effectively block the reverse flow of the fuel ball, preventing it from falling and breaking from a height, thus solving the problem of fuel ball breaking due to reverse suction in the prior art.

[0007] The aforementioned ball-separating venting device does not rely on closing the electric isolation valve to maintain the reverse flow path. It achieves airflow conduction and isolation from the fuel ball through a dedicated gate ball-separating vent, eliminating the risk of damage to the electric isolation valve core caused by repeated collisions between the fuel ball and the electric isolation valve core, and extending the service life of key system components.

[0008] The aforementioned sphere-separating ventilation device ensures unobstructed flow of helium gas in the reverse direction while physically isolating the fuel sphere, ensuring the effective implementation of the pneumatic bridge-breaking and unblocking function, and improving the safety and efficiency of handling blockages in gravity-feeding pipelines.

[0009] The aforementioned ball-separating ventilation device achieves rapid switching between ball-passing and ball-separating ventilation states through a valve plate control component, adapting to the directional and orderly conveying requirements of high-temperature reactor fuel loading and unloading systems. It can complete the function conversion without complex electrical control logic, and has a simple structure and is easy to operate.

[0010] In one optional embodiment, the housing is provided with a first ball-passing pipe and a second ball-passing pipe, which are arranged at intervals, and the valve plate is vertically inserted between the first ball-passing pipe and the second ball-passing pipe.

[0011] In one optional embodiment, the first ball-passing pipe and the second ball-passing pipe are arranged coaxially, the ball-inlet is located on the first ball-passing pipe, and the ball-outlet is located on the second ball-passing pipe, with the ball-inlet and ball-outlet arranged coaxially.

[0012] In one optional embodiment, the housing is provided with a chip collection device, which includes a chip collection cavity disposed within the housing and a plurality of sink holes disposed on the outer wall of the second ball-passing pipe. The sink holes are connected to the chip collection cavity, and the diameter of the sink holes is smaller than the outer diameter of the fuel ball. The housing is also provided with a purge outlet connected to the chip collection cavity.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: Real-time collection of graphite debris and dust within the pipeline through the settling hole prevents impurities from combining with fuel balls and causing blockages in the gravity-fed pipeline, thus reducing the incidence of blockages at the source and improving the continuity of fuel ball delivery. The debris collection chamber, in conjunction with the purging outlet, allows for periodic airflow purging to collect debris into the filter, preventing long-term accumulation of impurities within the pipeline, reducing the need for manual cleaning, and lowering maintenance costs.

[0014] The diameter of the sinkhole is smaller than the outer diameter of the fuel ball, ensuring that the fuel ball will not fall into the chip collection chamber during normal transportation. The chip collection chamber does not change the original pipeline flow channel structure and does not increase the resistance of fuel ball transportation.

[0015] Combined with the venting function of the fuel ball, this structure not only solves the problem of fuel ball "breaking" during reverse suction and de-clamping, but also further optimizes the pipeline environment through the chip collection function, providing dual protection for the long-term stable operation of the high-temperature reactor fuel loading and unloading system.

[0016] In one alternative embodiment, the purge outlet is perpendicular to the axis of the second ball-passing pipe.

[0017] In one alternative embodiment, the valve plate control assembly includes: Handwheel; A movable component, wherein the input end of the movable component is connected to a handwheel, and the output end of the movable component is connected to a valve plate and is capable of controlling the movement of the valve plate.

[0018] In one alternative embodiment, the inlet also serves as a purge inlet, and the inner diameter of both the inlet and outlet is 2-5 mm larger than the outer diameter of the fuel ball.

[0019] In one alternative embodiment, the valve plate has a recess on the side facing the reactor core, and the recess is located around the vent hole of the gate plate.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: the contact surface of the gas flow through the gate valve's vent hole is "concave" to achieve "surface collision", reducing the probability of the fuel ball being damaged due to reverse suction.

[0021] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a high-temperature reactor fuel loading and unloading system, comprising: Core; Multiple feed pipes are provided, each of which is divided into an ascending pipe and a gravity ball drop pipe. The ascending pipe is arranged vertically, and the gravity ball drop pipe is arranged downwards at an angle from the side away from the reactor core to the side closer to the reactor core. The gravity ball drop pipe is connected to the reactor core. The gravity ball drop pipe is provided with the ball isolation and ventilation device.

[0022] In one alternative embodiment, the gravity ball drop pipe is further equipped with an electrically operated isolation valve and / or a counter.

[0023] This invention provides a ball-separating ventilation device and a high-temperature reactor fuel loading and unloading system, which integrates normal ball passage, normal ball passage debris collection, ball-separating ventilation for blockage, ball suction and protection for blockage, and directional debris collection. It features complete functions and high integration, and can be applied to the core feed pipe, primary unloading feed pipe, and secondary unloading and loading pipe of HTR-PM high-temperature gas-cooled reactor. It is beneficial to the high-efficiency operation of the ball bed type high-temperature reactor fuel loading and unloading system, and reduces the ball flow protection during the blockage and fault handling process caused by dust and debris. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a ball-shaped ventilation device provided by the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a high-temperature reactor fuel loading and unloading system provided by the present invention.

[0026] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Ball-separating ventilation device; 11. Ball inlet; 12. Ball outlet; 13. Purge outlet; 14. Gate ball-separating ventilation hole; 15. Handwheel; 16. Housing; 17. Leakage hole; 18. Gate ball passage hole; 19. Valve plate; 110. First ball passage pipe; 111. Second ball passage pipe; 112. Chip collection chamber; 113. Purge system pipeline; 114. Electric valve; 2. Electric isolation valve; 3. Counter; 4. Ascending pipe; 5. Gravity-fed ball drop pipe; 6. Core. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] According to an embodiment of the present invention, in a first aspect, a ball-and-ball ventilation device is provided, combined with Figure 1 As shown, it includes a housing 16, a valve plate 19, and a valve plate control assembly.

[0029] The housing 16 is provided with an inlet 11 and an outlet 12. The inlet 11 is used to input fuel balls, and the outlet 12 is used to output fuel balls.

[0030] The valve plate 19 is provided with a gate ball vent 14 and a gate ball passage 18. The inner diameter of the gate ball vent 14 is smaller than the outer diameter of the fuel ball, and the outer diameters of the inlet 11, outlet 12 and gate ball passage 18 are all larger than the outer diameter of the fuel ball.

[0031] The valve plate 19 has a first position and a second position. The valve plate control assembly is connected to the valve plate 19 and controls the movement of the valve plate 19 in the first and second positions.

[0032] When the fuel ball passes through normally, the valve plate control assembly controls the valve plate 19 to be in the first position, and the gate ball passage hole 18 is connected to the inlet 11 and the outlet 12 respectively to allow the fuel ball to pass through normally; when the fuel ball is blocked, the valve plate control assembly controls the valve plate 19 to be in the second position, and the gate ball vent hole 14 is connected to the inlet 11 and the outlet 12 respectively to allow the reverse suction airflow to pass through normally and block the fuel ball.

[0033] The aforementioned ball-separating venting device, by switching to the second position via valve plate 19, connects the gate ball-separating vent 14 with the inlet 11 and outlet 12. During reverse suction to release the blockage, the gate ball-separating vent 14 can effectively block the reverse flow of the fuel ball, preventing it from falling and breaking from a height, thus solving the problem of fuel ball breakage caused by reverse suction in the prior art.

[0034] There is no need to rely on closing the electric isolation valve to maintain the reverse flow path. The airflow is guided and isolated from the fuel ball through the dedicated gate ball vent 14, which eliminates the risk of damage to the electric isolation valve core caused by repeated collisions between the fuel ball and the electric isolation valve core, and extends the service life of key system components.

[0035] While ensuring the unobstructed flow of helium in the reverse suction channel, the physical isolation of the fuel ball is achieved, ensuring the effective implementation of the pneumatic bridge breaking and unblocking function, and improving the safety and efficiency of the gravity-feeding ball pipeline blockage treatment.

[0036] The valve plate control assembly enables rapid switching between ball-passing and ball-isolated ventilation states, adapting to the directional and orderly conveying requirements of high-temperature reactor fuel loading and unloading systems. Functional conversion can be completed without complex electrical control logic, resulting in a simple structure and convenient operation.

[0037] In some embodiments, the housing has a manual shut-off valve structure in its outer shape and a ball-passing pipe + chip collection chamber structure inside. The housing 16 has a first ball-passing pipe 110 and a second ball-passing pipe 111 arranged at intervals. A valve plate 19 is vertically inserted between the first ball-passing pipe 110 and the second ball-passing pipe 111, allowing the valve plate 19 to move at the interval between the first ball-passing pipe 110 and the second ball-passing pipe 111. When the gate ball-passing hole 18 of the valve plate 19 moves to a position communicating with the inlet 11 and the outlet 12, the valve plate 19 can be switched to a first position; when the gate ball-isolating vent hole 14 of the valve plate 19 moves to a position communicating with the inlet 11 and the outlet 12, the valve plate 19 can be switched to a second position.

[0038] Furthermore, a partition slide cavity is provided inside the housing 16, and the valve plate 19 is slidably disposed in the partition slide cavity. The first ball passage pipe 110 and the second ball passage pipe 111 are respectively connected to the partition slide cavity.

[0039] Furthermore, the gate ball vent 14 and the gate ball passage 18 can be disposed on the same valve plate, and the positions of the gate ball vent 14 and the gate ball passage 18 can be controlled by controlling the movement position of the valve plate. Alternatively, the gate ball vent 14 and the gate ball passage 18 can be disposed on different valve plates, and the positions of the gate ball vent 14 and the gate ball passage 18 can be controlled by controlling the insertion of different valve plates into the space between the first ball passage pipe 110 and the second ball passage pipe 111.

[0040] In some embodiments, the first ball passage pipe 110 and the second ball passage pipe 111 are arranged coaxially, the ball inlet 11 is provided on the first ball passage pipe 110, and the ball outlet 12 is provided on the second ball passage pipe 111, with the ball inlet 11 and the ball outlet 12 arranged coaxially.

[0041] In this embodiment, the coaxial arrangement of the first ball-passing pipe 110, the second ball-passing pipe 111, the inlet 11, and the outlet 12 ensures that the fuel ball flows in a straight line in the transport path, avoiding deviation of the movement trajectory caused by pipe bends or eccentricity, significantly reducing the probability of collision between the fuel ball and the inner wall of the pipe, and reducing the risk of blockage.

[0042] Furthermore, when the valve plate 19 is switched to the first position, the gate ball passage hole 18 on the valve plate 19 is arranged coaxially with the ball inlet 11 and the ball outlet 12 respectively, so as to avoid the fuel ball from getting stuck due to misalignment of the holes.

[0043] When the valve plate 19 is switched to the second position, the gate ball vent 14 on the valve plate 19 is arranged coaxially with the ball inlet 11 and the ball outlet 12 respectively, so as to avoid the reduction of the airflow conduction area due to the misalignment of the holes.

[0044] In pneumatic fuel element delivery pipelines, most spherical blockages are caused by the combined action of fuel spheres and graphite fragments / dust. Blockage is particularly likely to occur during the descent of the fuel spheres after they have risen. Therefore, the aforementioned spherical venting device is also equipped with a dust collection function, and can periodically and directionally purge and collect dust and debris to prevent dust and debris accumulation in the pipeline. Specifically, a dust collection device is provided on the housing 16, which includes a dust collection chamber 112, drainage holes 17, and a purge outlet 13. The dust collection chamber 112 is located inside the housing 16. A portion of the second spherical passage pipe 111 is located within the dust collection chamber 112, and another portion extends out of the dust collection chamber 112. Multiple drainage holes 17 are provided on the outer wall of the second spherical passage pipe 111, which communicate with the dust collection chamber 112. The diameter of the drainage holes 17 is smaller than the outer diameter of the fuel sphere. The settling hole serves as a channel for debris and dust to fall as the ball flow pipe passes through. Preferably, the diameter of the settling hole is 3mm. The housing 16 is also provided with a purge outlet 13 that communicates with the debris collection chamber 112. The purge outlet 13 is perpendicular to the axis of the second ball flow pipe 111. The purge outlet 13 is welded to the purge pipe and connected to the purge system pipe 113 (inner diameter 25mm) via a reducing pipe. An electric valve 114 is installed on the purge system pipe 113, and a pulse backflush filter is installed at the end of the purge system pipe 113.

[0045] During normal fuel ball transport, the fuel balls in the second ball-passing pipe 111, due to their larger diameter than the aperture of the sink hole 17, can flow normally along the pipe; while graphite debris, dust, and other impurities transported along with the fuel balls fall into the chip collection chamber 112 for temporary storage through the sink hole 17. When the system completes a preset number of fuel ball transports (e.g., 10,000) or reaches the regular maintenance cycle, the electromagnetic isolation valve downstream of the ball-passing ventilation device is closed, and the electric valve 114 on the purging system pipeline 113 is opened. The original ball flow is used to boost the airflow for purging. During purging, the speed of the helium compressor can be increased to increase the purging flow rate, and the temporarily stored debris is sent to the pulse backflush filter for collection and treatment through the purging outlet 13.

[0046] In this embodiment, graphite debris and dust inside the pipeline are collected in real time through the sinkhole 17, preventing impurities from combining with fuel balls to cause blockages in the gravity-fed fuel ball pipeline. This reduces the incidence of blockage failures at the source and improves the continuity of fuel ball delivery. The debris collection chamber 112 works in conjunction with the purge outlet 13 to periodically collect debris into the filter through airflow, preventing impurities from accumulating in the pipeline for a long time, reducing the need for manual cleaning, and lowering maintenance costs.

[0047] The diameter of the sinkhole 17 is smaller than the outer diameter of the fuel ball, ensuring that the fuel ball will not fall into the chip collection chamber during normal transportation. Furthermore, the chip collection chamber 112 does not change the original pipeline flow channel structure and does not increase the resistance to fuel ball transportation.

[0048] Combined with the venting function of the fuel ball, this structure not only solves the problem of fuel ball "breaking" during reverse suction and de-clamping, but also further optimizes the pipeline environment through the chip collection function, providing dual protection for the long-term stable operation of the high-temperature reactor fuel loading and unloading system.

[0049] In some embodiments, the valve plate control assembly includes a handwheel 15 and a moving assembly. The input end of the moving assembly is connected to the handwheel 15, and the output end of the moving assembly is connected to the valve plate 19 and can control the movement of the valve plate 19. The moving assembly can be a gear and rack assembly, with the gear coaxially connected to the handwheel 15 and the rack connected to the valve plate 19. The rack meshes with the gear, and when the handwheel 15 rotates, it drives the gear to rotate, thereby driving the rack and valve plate 19 to move linearly. The moving assembly can also take other structures, which are not listed here.

[0050] When the valve is open (handwheel turned counterclockwise to the stop position), the gate's ball passage is connected to the ball passage pipe, and the inner diameter of the gate's ball passage is the same as the inner diameter of the ball passage pipe. Preferably, the inner diameter of the ball passage is 65mm. When the valve is closed (handwheel turned clockwise to the stop position), the gate's ball vent is connected to the ball passage pipe, and the inner diameter of the ball passage is smaller than the diameter of the fuel ball to achieve the function of venting the ball. Since the size of the fuel ball (considering error) is between 59.6mm and 60.2mm, preferably, the inner diameter of the ball vent is 55mm.

[0051] In some embodiments, the inlet 11 also serves as a purge inlet, and the inner diameter of the inlet 11 and the outlet 12 is 2-5 mm larger than the outer diameter of the fuel ball. Preferably, the inner diameter of the inlet 11 and the outlet 12 is 65 mm.

[0052] The ball inlet 11 and the ball outlet 12 are connected to the ball flow pipeline by welding.

[0053] To ensure compatibility between the gate valve's vent hole and the fuel ball during collision, in some embodiments, the valve plate 19 has a recessed portion on the side facing the reactor core, located around the gate valve's vent hole 14. In this embodiment, the contact surface of the fuel ball flow during collision at the gate valve's vent hole (i.e., the side of the gate valve facing the reactor core) is "concave," achieving a "surface collision" and reducing the probability of the fuel ball being damaged by reverse suction.

[0054] When the aforementioned ball-separating ventilation device 1 is installed, it is installed on the gravity ball-falling pipe 5 after the lifting is completed, with an angle of 15~20° with the horizontal plane, to ensure that after the ball flow is lifted, it falls into the core by gravity through the integrated ball-separating ventilation and chip collection device.

[0055] The working principle of the above-mentioned spherical ventilation device 1 is as follows: During normal operation, the ball-separating ventilation device is in the "open" state, allowing normal ball flow. Graphite dust and debris can enter the debris collection device through the sinkhole. When the gravity ball-falling pipe of the "pneumatic lifting system" becomes blocked (an inherent design flaw), the ball-separating ventilation device is "closed" before reverse suction to prevent the fuel ball from "falling and breaking" during the suction process. This ensures ventilation during reverse suction while preventing the fuel ball from "falling and breaking" after exceeding its highest point. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure compatibility between the ball-separating gate and the fuel ball during collision (the collision contact surface has no sharp corners, and the collision is a "surface collision," reducing the probability of the fuel ball being damaged due to reverse suction). After the "pneumatic lifting system" has passed a certain number of balls (e.g., 10,000), the electric valve downstream of the chip collection device is opened to allow the dust and debris collected in the chip collection device to be directionally collected into the pulse backflushing filter.

[0056] From an overall technical perspective, the aforementioned ball-separating ventilation device 1 has a chip collection and anti-jamming function for the gravity-feeding ball pipeline of the "pneumatic lifting system." After the gravity-feeding ball pipeline of the "pneumatic lifting system" becomes blocked, before reverse suction, the activation of this ball-separating ventilation device prevents the fuel balls from "falling and breaking" during the suction process. It is also equipped with a unified chip collection and purging function, improving the reliability of the ball flow delivery in the "pneumatic lifting system" pipeline and adding the function of preventing the ball flow from falling back into the original lifting pipeline and "breaking" during reverse suction after blockage.

[0057] According to an embodiment of the present invention, in a second aspect, a high-temperature reactor fuel loading and unloading system is provided, combined with... Figure 2 As shown, the reactor includes a core 6 and multiple feed pipes. Each feed pipe is divided into an ascending pipe 4 and a gravity ball drop pipe 5. The ascending pipe 4 is vertically arranged, and the gravity ball drop pipe 5 is arranged inclined downward from the side away from the core 6 towards the side closer to the core 6. The gravity ball drop pipe 5 is connected to the core 6. A ball-separating ventilation device 1 is installed on the gravity ball drop pipe 5.

[0058] An electrically operated isolation valve 2 and / or a counter 3 are also installed on the gravity ball drop pipe 5. The electrically operated isolation valve 2 and the counter 3 are respectively installed on the gravity ball drop pipe 5 near the reactor core 6.

[0059] Although embodiments of the invention have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such modifications and variations all fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A spherical ventilation device, characterized in that, include: The housing (16) is provided with a ball inlet (11) and a ball outlet (12). Valve plate (19), the valve plate (19) is provided with gate ball vent (14) and gate ball passage (18), the inner diameter of the gate ball vent (14) is smaller than the outer diameter of the fuel ball, and the outer diameters of the inlet (11), outlet (12) and gate ball passage (18) are all larger than the outer diameter of the fuel ball; A valve plate control assembly is connected to the valve plate (19) and controls the valve plate (19) to move in a first position and a second position; When the fuel ball passes through normally, the valve plate control assembly controls the valve plate (19) to be in the first position, and the gate ball passage hole (18) is connected to the inlet (11) and the outlet (12) respectively; when the fuel ball is blocked, the valve plate control assembly controls the valve plate (19) to be in the second position, and the gate ball vent hole (14) is connected to the inlet (11) and the outlet (12) respectively, so that the reverse suction airflow can pass through normally and block the fuel ball.

2. The spherical ventilation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The housing (16) is provided with a first ball passage pipe (110) and a second ball passage pipe (111) inside. The first ball passage pipe (110) and the second ball passage pipe (111) are arranged at intervals. The valve plate (19) is vertically inserted between the first ball passage pipe (110) and the second ball passage pipe (111).

3. The spherical ventilation device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first ball passage pipe (110) and the second ball passage pipe (111) are arranged coaxially. The ball inlet (11) is located on the first ball passage pipe (110), and the ball outlet (12) is located on the second ball passage pipe (111). The ball inlet (11) and the ball outlet (12) are arranged coaxially.

4. The spherical ventilation device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The housing (16) is provided with a chip collection device, which includes a chip collection cavity (112) disposed inside the housing (16) and a plurality of sinkholes (17) disposed on the outer wall of the second ball passage pipe (111). The sinkholes (17) are connected to the chip collection cavity (112), and the diameter of the sinkholes (17) is smaller than the outer diameter of the fuel ball. The housing (16) is also provided with a purge outlet (13) connected to the chip collection cavity (112).

5. The spherical ventilation device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The purge outlet (13) is perpendicular to the axis of the second ball-passing pipe (111).

6. The spherical ventilation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The valve plate control assembly includes: Handwheel (15); The movable component has an input end connected to a handwheel (15) and an output end connected to a valve plate (19) and is capable of controlling the valve plate (19) to move.

7. The spherical ventilation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ball inlet (11) also serves as the purging inlet, and the inner diameter of the ball inlet (11) and the ball outlet (12) is 2-5 mm larger than the outer diameter of the fuel ball.

8. The spherical ventilation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The valve plate (19) has a recessed portion on the side facing the core, and the recessed portion is located around the vent hole (14) of the gate plate.

9. A high-temperature reactor fuel loading and unloading system, characterized in that, include: Core (6); Multiple feed pipes, each of which is divided into an ascending pipe (4) and a gravity ball drop pipe (5). The ascending pipe (4) is arranged vertically, and the gravity ball drop pipe (5) is arranged inclined downward from the side away from the core (6) to the side closer to the core (6). The gravity ball drop pipe (5) is connected to the core (6). The gravity ball drop pipe (5) is provided with a ball-separating ventilation device as described in any one of claims 1-8.

10. The high-temperature reactor fuel loading and unloading system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The gravity ball drop pipe (5) is also equipped with an electric isolation valve (2) and / or a counter (3).

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