Battery pack heat dissipation structure based on micro-channel double-sided heat dissipation

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of battery thermal management, and discloses a battery pack heat dissipation structure based on micro-channel double-sided heat dissipation, the battery pack heat dissipation structure comprises a liquid cooling plate, the liquid cooling plate is configured to be attached to the side surface of a square battery for heat exchange, the liquid cooling plate comprises: a straight notch pipe assembly in which a flow channel for a cooling liquid to flow is formed; the collecting pipe assemblies are mounted at the two ends of the straight notch pipe assembly respectively and used for collecting and distributing cooling liquid; the straight notch pipe assembly is composed of an upper wall plate, a lower wall plate and an n-shaped fin arranged between the upper wall plate and the lower wall plate. The upper wall plate and the lower wall plate of the straight notch pipe assembly are formed by single-layer composite aluminum strips through a rolling process and are provided with arc-shaped sections which are symmetrical left and right. The heat generated by the battery cell can be efficiently and continuously led out through the liquid cooling plate, so that the battery cell can be maintained in a proper working temperature interval under different working conditions, and the operation stability and the service life of the battery module are effectively guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of battery thermal management technology, specifically to a battery pack heat dissipation structure based on microchannel double-sided heat dissipation. Background Technology

[0002] With increasing global emphasis on environmental protection and energy structure transformation, the new energy industry, represented by electric vehicles and energy storage power stations, is experiencing rapid development. As a core component of these systems, the performance, safety, and lifespan of lithium-ion battery modules are crucial. Batteries inevitably generate a large amount of heat during charging and discharging. If this heat cannot be dissipated effectively and in a timely manner, the resulting temperature rise will not only severely affect the battery's charging and discharging efficiency and accelerate capacity decay, but may also trigger extreme safety accidents such as thermal runaway. Therefore, equipping battery modules with an efficient and reliable heat dissipation system is a key technology to ensure their stable operation. Among various thermal management solutions, liquid cooling has become the mainstream technology choice for high-power-density battery modules due to its high heat exchange efficiency and high temperature uniformity.

[0003] In existing technologies, typical battery liquid cooling systems usually transfer heat by attaching a liquid cooling plate to the side of the battery cell. These liquid cooling plates have internal channels for coolant flow; common internal flow channel structures include simple serpentine pipes or parallel direct-flow channels. The coolant, driven by a water pump, circulates in a loop formed by the external pipes and the liquid cooling plate, absorbing the heat generated by the battery cell and carrying it to the external radiator or external cooling unit for release. Flexible interface materials, such as thermally conductive silicone pads, are typically used between the battery cells to fill the assembly gaps and achieve effective heat conduction between the cell and the cooling plate.

[0004] However, existing liquid cooling plate designs suffer from insufficient heat dissipation efficiency. Specifically, many conventional liquid cooling plates have relatively simple internal flow channel designs, such as smooth straight channels or serpentine channels with large bending radii. This structure results in a relatively limited effective heat exchange surface area between the coolant and the channel walls. Simultaneously, within the flow channel, the coolant flow may tend towards a stable laminar flow, especially in the central region where there is insufficient turbulence and mixing between the fluid and the thermal boundary layer near the pipe wall. This reduces the intensity of convective heat transfer, making the efficiency of heat transfer from the pipe wall to the mainstream coolant flow area low. To compensate for this deficiency, existing systems often need to increase the coolant flow rate or reduce its inlet temperature to achieve the target heat dissipation effect, but this directly leads to increased water pump power consumption or a heavier burden on the refrigeration system, thereby reducing the overall economic efficiency of the thermal management system. Therefore, how to optimize the internal structure of the liquid cooling plate to improve its unit heat exchange capacity has become a pressing technical problem to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a battery pack heat dissipation structure based on microchannel double-sided heat dissipation. This solves the problem that existing battery liquid cooling technologies generally use liquid cooling plates with simple internal flow channel structures, which have limited heat exchange area and weak convective heat transfer effect, resulting in low heat dissipation efficiency and difficulty in meeting the ever-increasing heat dissipation demand while controlling system energy consumption.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a battery-side cooling structure, comprising a liquid cooling plate configured to adhere to the side of a square battery for heat exchange, the liquid cooling plate comprising:

[0007] A straight-groove tube assembly, with internal channels for coolant flow;

[0008] The manifold assembly is installed at both ends of the straight slot pipe assembly and is used for the collection and distribution of coolant; the straight slot pipe assembly consists of an upper wall plate, a lower wall plate and a zigzag fin disposed between the two.

[0009] Preferably, the upper and lower wall panels of the straight groove tube assembly are formed by a roll forming process from a single layer of composite aluminum strip and have a symmetrical arc-shaped cross section, and the arc radius of the upper wall panel is larger than that of the lower wall panel.

[0010] Preferably, the upper and lower wall panels achieve boltless positioning through a nested self-locking structure.

[0011] Preferably, the zigzag fins are formed from aluminum foil by a roll forming process and are arranged between the upper wall plate and the lower wall plate.

[0012] Preferably, the manifold assembly and the straight slot pipe assembly are integrally connected by a brazing process.

[0013] A battery cooling system includes six liquid cooling plates, which are connected in a 3-parallel-2-series configuration to form a coolant circulation path.

[0014] Preferably, the 3-parallel-2-series connection method is as follows: every two liquid cooling plates are connected in series to form a heat dissipation branch, forming a total of three heat dissipation branches, and the three heat dissipation branches are connected in parallel with each other.

[0015] A battery module, comprising:

[0016] Square battery cells;

[0017] The battery side cooling structure includes a liquid cooling plate, the flat contact surface of which is in contact with the side of the battery cell.

[0018] Preferably, an aerogel thermal pad is also provided between adjacent battery cells.

[0019] Preferably, the liquid cooling plate has an inlet and an outlet on its left sides, respectively.

[0020] Working Principle: When using this device, the heat generated by the square battery during operation is conducted through its side to the tightly fitted liquid cooling plate. External coolant enters through one end of the manifold assembly and is distributed to the internal flow channels of the straight-slot tube assembly. Within these channels, the coolant exchanges heat with the tube walls formed by the upper and lower wall plates. The Z-shaped fins arranged within the flow channels increase the heat exchange surface area and turbulent the fluid to enhance convective heat transfer. The coolant, having absorbed heat, collects at the other end of the straight-slot tube assembly and is then discharged from there. This cycle continues... The heat generated by the battery is continuously dissipated, keeping its temperature within a preset operating range, thereby ensuring the stability of the battery module under different operating conditions and extending its service life. The total coolant is distributed in parallel to three independent heat dissipation branches. This parallel structure ensures that the coolant flow and pressure at the inlet of each branch are basically consistent, while also helping to control the total pressure drop of the system. Inside each heat dissipation branch, the coolant flows sequentially through two liquid cooling plates connected in series. This series path design extends the effective heat exchange path of the coolant, enabling it to absorb the heat generated in the corresponding battery area. After heat exchange, the coolant flows out of the system from each branch. A 3-parallel, 2-series flow path design ensures balanced distribution of flow across the six liquid cooling plates, guaranteeing uniform heat dissipation for the entire battery module. The heat generated by the square cells during operation is primarily conducted to the attached liquid cooling plates via their sides, and then carried away by the coolant flowing through them. The coolant enters through the inlet and exits through the outlet, forming a longitudinal heat dissipation path. Aerogel thermal pads placed between adjacent cells provide lateral thermal insulation, preventing heat transfer between cells. By combining the longitudinal heat dissipation of the liquid cooling plates with the lateral insulation of the thermal pads, independent temperature management of each cell is achieved. This ensures efficient heat dissipation while enhancing the ability to suppress thermal runaway, thereby guaranteeing the system's safe and stable operation.

[0021] This invention provides a battery pack heat dissipation structure based on microchannel double-sided heat dissipation. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. This invention increases the heat exchange surface area and enhances the convective heat transfer effect of the coolant by setting zigzag fins in the internal flow channel of the liquid cooling plate. This allows the liquid cooling plate to efficiently and continuously remove the heat generated by the battery cell, ensuring that the battery cell can maintain a suitable operating temperature range under different operating conditions, thereby effectively guaranteeing the operational stability and service life of the battery module.

[0023] 2. This invention employs a 3-parallel, 2-series flow path design, dividing the six liquid cooling plates into three groups of parallel branches. This ensures a balanced distribution of flow in each branch and effectively controls the total system pressure drop. By connecting two liquid cooling plates in series in each branch, it ensures that the coolant has sufficient heat exchange travel. By balancing flow balance and heat exchange effect, it ultimately achieves uniform heat dissipation for the entire battery module, avoiding the risk of local overheating.

[0024] 3. This invention uses a liquid cooling plate to dissipate heat from the battery cells longitudinally, while using an aerogel thermal pad to provide lateral insulation between the battery cells, achieving a synergistic effect of heat dissipation and insulation. It effectively blocks the heat propagation path from a single battery cell to adjacent battery cells when the temperature rises abnormally, thereby significantly improving the module's ability to suppress thermal runaway propagation while ensuring heat dissipation efficiency, and ensuring the safe and stable operation of the system. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is an overall structural diagram of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the liquid cooling plate flow channel layout of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a partial structural diagram of the liquid cooling plate of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the combined structure of the straight groove tube assembly of the liquid cooling plate of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the upper wall structure of the liquid cooling plate of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the lower wall panel of the liquid cooling plate of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the zigzag fin structure of the liquid cooling plate of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the thermal pad structure of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the battery cell structure of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram showing the highest temperature of the upper surface cell of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram showing the highest temperature of the battery cell at its center position in this invention.

[0036] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram showing the highest temperature of the battery cell 5mm above the bottom of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 13 This is an exploded view of the manifold assembly of the present invention.

[0038] Among them, 1. Side liquid cooling plate; 2. Battery cell; 3. Thermal pad; 4. Manifold assembly; 5. Straight slot tube assembly; 6. Upper wall panel; 7. Lower wall panel; 8. Z-shaped fins; 9. Water inlet; 10. Water outlet. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] Example:

[0041] Please see the appendix Figure 1 - Appendix Figure 13 This invention provides a battery side cooling structure, including a liquid cooling plate 1 configured to adhere to the side of a square battery 2 for heat exchange. The liquid cooling plate 1 includes: a straight groove tube assembly 5, which forms a flow channel for coolant flow; and a manifold assembly 4, which is installed at both ends of the straight groove tube assembly 5 for collecting and distributing coolant. The straight groove tube assembly 5 consists of an upper wall plate 6, a lower wall plate 7, and a Z-shaped fin 8 disposed between them. The upper wall plate 6 and the lower wall plate 7 of the straight groove tube assembly 5 are formed by a single-layer composite aluminum strip through a roll forming process and have a symmetrical arc-shaped cross section, with the arc radius of the upper wall plate 6 being larger than that of the lower wall plate 7. The upper wall plate 6 and the lower wall plate 7 are boltlessly positioned by a nested self-locking structure. The Z-shaped fin 8 is formed by a roll forming process of aluminum foil and is arranged between the upper wall plate 6 and the lower wall plate 7. The manifold assembly 4 and the straight groove tube assembly 5 are integrally connected by a brazing process.

[0042] When using this device, the heat generated by the square battery 2 during operation is conducted through its side to the tightly fitted liquid cooling plate 1. The external coolant enters through the manifold assembly 4 at one end and is distributed to the internal flow channel of the straight slot tube assembly 5. In the flow channel, the coolant exchanges heat with the tube wall formed by the upper wall plate 6 and the lower wall plate 7. The zigzag fins 8 arranged in the flow channel can increase the heat exchange surface area and turbulent the fluid to enhance the convective heat transfer effect. After absorbing heat, the coolant gathers at the other end of the straight slot tube assembly 5 to the manifold assembly 4 and is then discharged. Through this cycle, the heat generated by the battery 2 is continuously discharged, keeping its temperature within the preset operating range, thereby ensuring the operational stability of the battery module under different operating conditions and extending its service life.

[0043] Please see the appendix Figure 1 - Appendix Figure 13 A battery heat dissipation system includes six liquid cooling plates 1, which are connected in a 3-parallel-2-series configuration to form a coolant circulation path. The 3-parallel-2-series configuration is specifically as follows: every two liquid cooling plates 1 are connected in series to form a heat dissipation branch, forming a total of three heat dissipation branches, which are connected in parallel to each other.

[0044] When using this device, the total coolant is distributed in parallel to three independent heat dissipation branches. This parallel structure ensures that the coolant flow rate and pressure at the inlet of each branch are basically consistent, while also helping to control the overall pressure drop of the system. Within each heat dissipation branch, the coolant flows sequentially through two liquid cooling plates 1 connected in series. This series path design extends the effective heat exchange path of the coolant, enabling it to absorb the heat generated in the corresponding battery area. The coolant that has completed heat exchange flows out of the system after being collected from each branch. Through the 3-parallel and 2-series flow path design, a balanced distribution of flow rate to the six liquid cooling plates 1 is achieved, thereby ensuring the uniformity of heat dissipation of the entire battery module.

[0045] Please see the appendix Figure 2 Appendix Figure 8 Appendix Figure 9 A battery module includes: a square battery cell 2; a battery side cooling structure including a liquid cooling plate 1, the flat contact surface of the liquid cooling plate 1 being in contact with the side of the battery cell 2; a thermally conductive pad 3 made of aerogel material is also provided between adjacent battery cells 2; and a water inlet 9 and a water outlet 10 are respectively provided on the left side of the liquid cooling plate 1.

[0046] When using this device, the heat generated by the square battery cell 2 during operation is mainly conducted to the attached liquid cooling plate 1 through its side, and the coolant flowing through its interior is carried away by the coolant, which enters through the inlet 9 and exits through the outlet 10, forming a longitudinal heat dissipation path. The aerogel thermal pad 3 placed between adjacent battery cells 2 plays a lateral thermal isolation role, preventing heat transfer between battery cells. By combining the longitudinal heat dissipation of the liquid cooling plate 1 with the lateral thermal insulation of the thermal pad 3, independent temperature management of each battery cell 2 is achieved. While ensuring heat dissipation efficiency, the ability to suppress the propagation of thermal runaway is improved, thereby ensuring the safe and stable operation of the system.

[0047] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A battery-side cooling structure, characterized in that, Includes a liquid cooling plate (1) configured to adhere to the side of the square battery (2) for heat exchange, the liquid cooling plate (1) comprising: The straight groove pipe assembly (5) has a flow channel inside for the flow of coolant; The manifold assembly (4) is installed at both ends of the straight slot pipe assembly (5) for collecting and distributing coolant; the straight slot pipe assembly (5) consists of an upper wall plate (6), a lower wall plate (7) and a zig-shaped fin (8) disposed between the two.

2. The battery-side cooling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper wall plate (6) and lower wall plate (7) of the straight groove tube assembly (5) are formed by a single layer of composite aluminum strip through a roll forming process, and have a symmetrical arc-shaped cross section. The arc radius of the upper wall plate (6) is greater than that of the lower wall plate (7).

3. The battery-side cooling structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The upper wall panel (6) and the lower wall panel (7) achieve boltless positioning through a nested self-locking structure.

4. The battery-side cooling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The zigzag fins (8) are formed from aluminum foil by a roll forming process and are arranged between the upper wall plate (6) and the lower wall plate (7).

5. The battery-side cooling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The manifold assembly (4) and the straight slot pipe assembly (5) are integrated by brazing.

6. A battery heat dissipation system, comprising a battery-side cooling structure according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, It includes six liquid cooling plates (1), which are connected in a 3-parallel-2-series configuration to form a coolant circulation path.

7. A battery heat dissipation system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The 3-in-2-in-line connection method is as follows: every two liquid cooling plates (1) are connected in series to form a heat dissipation branch, forming a total of three heat dissipation branches, and the three heat dissipation branches are connected in parallel with each other.

8. A battery module, comprising a battery-side cooling structure according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, include: Square battery cell (2); The battery side cooling structure includes a liquid cooling plate (1), and the flat contact surface of the liquid cooling plate (1) is in contact with the side of the battery cell (2).

9. A battery module according to claim 8, characterized in that, An aerogel thermal pad (3) is also provided between adjacent battery cells (2).

10. A battery module according to claim 8, characterized in that, The liquid cooling plate (1) has an inlet (9) and an outlet (10) on its left side.

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