Electricity larceny prevention acquisition terminal and detection method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to an electricity larceny prevention acquisition terminal and a detection method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of power utilization monitoring and anomaly detection of a power system. The terminal comprises an open type / flexible current transformer, a transformer electricity taking and power management module, a double-gain current sampling front end, an embedded processor and time service unit and an NB-IoT communication module. The mutual inductor is used for sampling and energy taking, and the power supply management implements controlled power supply on the terminal in an under-voltage and power-on transient state; the sampling front end provides high / low gains and is matched with the anti-aliasing network to consider both low-current sensitivity and high-current unsaturation; and the processor performs whole-second alignment and feature extraction on current sampling under unified time service, generates an abnormal event, locally caches the abnormal event during disconnection, reconnects the abnormal event and subsequently transmits the abnormal event to the cloud. The scheme does not need to change a user line, has the advantages of convenient installation, stable power supply and communication, and reliable report link, and is suitable for monitoring and evidence obtaining of abnormity of key nodes of a transformer area and incoming and outgoing lines of a user meter box.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an anti-theft electricity collection terminal and its detection method, belonging to the field of power system electricity consumption monitoring and anomaly detection technology. Background Technology

[0002] Low-voltage distribution areas and user sides are the most dispersed links in electricity consumption. Electricity theft and abnormal electricity use (such as unauthorized wiring, bypass access, reverse connection, intermittent poor contact, etc.) are characterized by high concealment, complex scenarios, and difficulty in obtaining evidence. Traditional control mainly relies on two types of methods: one is to obtain metering and event information (such as opening cover, loss of voltage, reverse connection, etc.) at the electricity meter and judge anomalies through comparative analysis; the other is to deploy local data acquisition terminals to monitor the line and transmit the data back to the platform. The former is limited by differences in meter manufacturers, protocol compatibility, and dependence on user-side wiring, making it difficult to quickly cover multiple types of sites; the latter often faces engineering challenges in power supply, installation, and network.

[0003] In field engineering practice, if monitoring terminals require an external fixed power supply or modifications to user wiring, it often leads to complex construction, power outage risks, and compliance issues. Battery power, on the other hand, presents a dilemma: high maintenance costs and limited lifespan. Open-type clamp-on designs based on current transformers (CTs) allow for installation without power interruption, offering good versatility and safety, thus becoming an important direction for rapid deployment in low-voltage fields. However, this raises the question of how to provide reliable power to the terminals and ensure the availability of data acquisition and communication links under unstable or even extremely low available power conditions.

[0004] In the measurement phase, the low-voltage side current exhibits characteristics of a large measurement range and strong fluctuations: high sensitivity is required during low-current periods of daily load, while large currents may occur during startup / fault scenarios, easily leading to front-end saturation, distortion, or insufficient quantization resolution. Common single-range measurement or simple amplification circuits cannot simultaneously achieve both low-current accuracy and high-current non-saturation. In addition, strong electromagnetic interference and harmonics exist in the field; without anti-aliasing and robust feature extraction, the reliability of anomaly identification will be reduced.

[0005] In terms of time management, if distributed terminals lack a unified time synchronization strategy, inconsistencies in time bases can easily occur between collected data. Cross-device and cross-node analysis (such as area-level comparison and upstream-downstream correlation) requires whole-second alignment or equivalent boundary alignment under a unified time base; otherwise, statistical bias and misjudgment may occur.

[0006] In terms of communication, the wireless environment in low-voltage fields fluctuates significantly. Taking cellular IoT networks such as NB-IoT as an example, the reported instantaneous current and uplink / downlink signaling overhead impose constraints on power supply. If the power supply is temporarily insufficient or the network is temporarily unavailable, issues such as dropped connections, lost reports, and duplicate reports can easily occur, affecting the data integrity on the platform side and the continuity of the evidence collection chain. Therefore, robust mechanisms such as disconnection caching and recovery resumption need to be implemented on the terminal side, combined with deduplication strategies to ensure data consistency.

[0007] In summary, existing technologies generally suffer from the following problems: difficulty in balancing uninterrupted rapid installation with power supply assurance; insufficient wide-range measurement and anti-interference capabilities; inconsistent time bases leading to difficulties in cross-device analysis; and communication links being susceptible to fluctuations in the field environment, making it difficult to guarantee data integrity. There is an urgent need for a terminal and its detection method that can integrate energy harvesting and measurement using clamp-on current transformers under uninterrupted installation conditions, improve reliability through controlled power-on and multi-gain measurement, achieve whole-second aligned data management based on unified time synchronization, and combine robust NB-IoT reporting and discontinuous transmission mechanisms, thereby improving the accuracy and efficiency of identifying abnormal power consumption in low-voltage distribution areas and on the user side. Summary of the Invention

[0008] Based on the problems described in the background, the present invention aims to solve the following problem: providing an anti-electricity theft data collection terminal and its detection method. Without altering the user's wiring, it integrates energy extraction and current sampling using an external clamp-on current transformer, achieves controlled power-on through a comparator and power switch, and incorporates multi-gain current measurement and anti-aliasing processing to cover a wide range of operating conditions. Based on unified timing, it performs whole-second alignment on the sampling frames and achieves robust reporting, disconnection buffering, and recovery and resumption of transmission via an NB-IoT wireless link. This improves the accuracy and continuity of evidence collection for identifying abnormal electricity consumption in low-voltage distribution areas and on the user side, and solves problems such as unstable terminal power supply under uninterrupted power supply conditions, difficulty in simultaneously achieving wide-range current measurement, inconsistent time distribution of data, and incomplete data due to network fluctuations.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an anti-electricity theft data acquisition terminal, comprising: a current transformer, a current transformer power supply module, a power management module, a current sampling front-end module, an embedded processor module, and an NB-IoT communication module; The current transformer module is used to clamp the conductor under test and output a current signal, while also supplying power to the terminal. Its power extraction and signal output are electrically connected to the current transformer module power extraction module and the current sampling front-end module, respectively. The current transformer power extraction module is electrically connected to the current transformer module, which rectifies, stores, and outputs the energy to the power management module. The power management module is electrically connected to the current transformer power supply module. It drives the power switch through a comparator with set threshold and hysteresis to achieve controlled power-on, undervoltage and power-off protection. Its controlled power output is electrically connected to the current sampling front-end module and the NB-IoT communication module respectively, and provides power status signals to the embedded processor module. The current sampling front-end module is electrically connected to the current transformer module and the power management module; the current sampling front-end module includes a high-gain channel and a low-gain channel. The embedded processor module is electrically connected to the power management module and the NB-IoT communication module respectively; it is used to perform whole-second alignment, feature extraction and abnormal event generation on the basis of unified timing, and to perform local caching and resume transmission management when communication is unavailable. The NB-IoT communication module is electrically connected to the power management module to obtain controlled power and is bidirectionally electrically connected to the embedded processor module; it is used to report data and events to the server when the network is available, and to resume the transmission of data that was offline when the network is restored. The embedded processor module controls the power-on and power consumption modes of the NB-IoT communication module and its own peripherals based on the status signals output by the current transformer power-on module and the power management module, so as to reduce abnormalities caused by power-on transients and undervoltage states.

[0010] Preferably, the current transformer module is an open or flexible structure to adapt to different wire diameters and facilitate installation without power interruption.

[0011] Preferably, the current transformer power supply module and power management module include a rectification and energy storage circuit, a high-voltage wide-input step-down stage and a low-voltage regulator stage. The high-voltage step-down stage is used to obtain the intermediate bus voltage from the rectified auxiliary voltage, and the low-voltage regulator stage is used to provide the low-voltage DC required by the processor and communication. The low-voltage regulator stage employs separate power supply and decoupling to reduce the impact of communication pulse current on sampling accuracy. The current transformer power supply module and power management module also include a comparator and a power switch. The comparator performs threshold and hysteresis judgment on the intermediate bus or reference node and drives the power switch to realize controlled power-on and power-off protection. At the same time, the threshold and hysteresis of the comparator are adjustable parameters to adapt to the power supply conditions and energy supply capabilities of different transformer substations. The current transformer power supply module and power management module output status signals of good power, undervoltage, or power-on prohibited to the embedded processor module, which are used to delay the activation of communication and high-power peripherals by the embedded processor module.

[0012] Preferably, the current sampling front-end module includes multiple operational amplifier stages and an anti-aliasing filter network, and uses a reference potential as a bias to reduce zero drift and suppress high-frequency noise; The high-gain channel and low-gain channel of the current sampling front-end module are selected or switched by the embedded processor module according to the saturation criterion or the range threshold, so as to take into account both small current sensitivity and large current non-saturation. The current sampling front-end module employs separate power supply and decoupling to reduce the impact of communication pulse current on sampling accuracy.

[0013] Preferably, the embedded processor module includes a timing unit and a non-volatile memory. The timing unit is used to provide a unified time reference, and the non-volatile memory is used to store offline cache and event records. The embedded processor module is connected to the NB-IoT communication module via a serial interface and performs a heartbeat and retry mechanism to improve link reliability.

[0014] Preferably, the power-on, reset, and power consumption modes of the NB-IoT communication module are controlled by the embedded processor module based on the status signals given by the current transformer power supply module and the power management module.

[0015] The present invention also provides a method for detecting electricity theft, comprising the following steps: S1. Energy harvesting and controlled power-on: Energy is harvested through the current transformer module. The current transformer power harvesting module and the power management module provide controlled power supply to each module through rectification, energy storage and multi-stage voltage reduction. The comparator and power switch realize delayed power-on and undervoltage shutdown. S2. Sampling and acquiring current signal: The current of the conductor under test is acquired by the current sampling front-end module and anti-aliasing filtering is performed. The current sampling front-end module has at least two gain levels: high and low. S3. Unified time synchronization and whole-second alignment processing: The embedded processor module performs whole-second alignment and noise reduction processing on the sampled data under unified time synchronization, and calculates the current value and robust characteristics. S4. Data Reporting and Resumption of Transmission: When communication is available, the NB-IoT communication module reports data and events to the platform. When communication is unavailable, the data is cached locally and resumed and deduplicated after online connection is restored. S5. Anomaly detection and archiving: Analyze the data based on at least one of the criteria of current amplitude, rate of change and duration to detect whether there is an output power theft anomaly or other anomaly and form a traceable record.

[0016] Preferably, in step S2, the current sampling front-end module is equipped with at least two gain levels and performs automatic range selection or switching back according to a preset threshold.

[0017] Preferably, in step S3, whole-second alignment includes: aligning the sampling frame to the boundary using the second pulse or equivalent time reference given by the timing unit, and performing a compensation or discard strategy for missing or out-of-bounds samples; The denoising process in step S3 includes at least one of bandpass filtering, lowpass filtering, or outlier suppression. In step S4, the offline cached data reporting adopts a resume and deduplication strategy, and avoids duplicate entry into the database based on timestamps and sequence numbers.

[0018] Preferably, in step S5, the abnormal electricity theft is determined by comparing one or more of the following statistics—current amplitude, rate of change, and duration—with a threshold.

[0019] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. Uninterrupted and rapid installation with strong adaptability. The current transformer module adopts an open or flexible structure to achieve external clamp installation on the conductor being tested, without the need for rewiring or power outage work. It is suitable for various sites such as transformer substation busbars, branch points, and user meter box incoming and outgoing lines.

[0020] 2. Controlled power-on improves power supply robustness. Under undervoltage and power-on transient conditions, the current transformer power-on module and power management module use comparator thresholds and hysteresis in conjunction with power switches to achieve delayed power-on, undervoltage shutdown, and power-off protection, effectively avoiding repeated start-stop, logic disorder, and data corruption.

[0021] 3. Wide measurement range balances accuracy and non-saturation. The current sampling front-end module adopts high / low gain and is equipped with an anti-aliasing network and reference bias. It maintains high sensitivity in the low current stage and avoids front-end saturation and waveform distortion in the high current scenario. It has a wide measurement range and stable measurement.

[0022] 4. Good time consistency, easy for comparison at the station level. The embedded processor module aligns the sampling frames to the whole second under unified time synchronization, and data across devices and nodes can be directly aligned and compared, reducing statistical deviations and misjudgments caused by time base drift.

[0023] 5. Complete link and reliable reporting. The NB-IoT communication module and the embedded processor module work together to automatically cache locally when the network is down or the signal is weak. After the network is restored, the transmission is resumed according to the timestamp and sequence number and deduplicated to avoid lost reports and duplicate entries, thus ensuring the continuity of platform data.

[0024] 6. Low power consumption and improved lifespan. By controlling the start and stop of the communication module and high-power peripherals through power status signals, and combining this with a controlled power-on strategy, unnecessary re-entry and startup impacts are reduced, enabling the terminal to operate stably for a long time under limited power conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a system block diagram of the anti-electricity theft data collection terminal of the present invention; Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the circuit principle of the current transformer power supply module and the power management module of the anti-electricity theft data acquisition terminal of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit principle of the current sampling front-end module of the anti-electricity theft data acquisition terminal of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the embedded processor module of the anti-electricity theft data acquisition terminal of the present invention. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit principle of the NB-IoT communication module of the anti-electricity theft data acquisition terminal of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a flowchart of the method for the anti-electricity theft data collection terminal of the present invention.

[0026] In the diagram: 100 is the current transformer module; 110 is the current transformer power supply module; 120 is the power management module; 130 is the current sampling front-end module; 140 is the embedded processor module; and 150 is the NB-IoT communication module. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings: Example 1: As Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides an anti-electricity theft data acquisition terminal, including: a current transformer 100, a current transformer power supply module 110, a power management module 120, a current sampling front-end module 130, an embedded processor module 140, and an NB-IoT communication module 150. The current transformer 100 is used to clamp the conductor under test and output a current signal, while providing power to the terminal. Its power extraction and signal output are electrically connected to the current transformer power extraction module 110 and the current sampling front-end module 130, respectively. Specifically, the current transformer 100 is clamped onto the conductor being measured in an open or flexible structure, outputs a signal corresponding to the primary current, and provides power to the current transformer power module 110.

[0028] The current transformer power extraction module 110 is electrically connected to the current transformer 100, and rectifies and stores the energy from the current transformer 100 and outputs it to the power management module 120. The power management module 120 is electrically connected to the current transformer power supply module 110. It drives the power switch through a comparator with set threshold and hysteresis to realize controlled power-on and power-off protection. Its controlled power output is electrically connected to the current sampling front-end module 130 and the NB-IoT communication module 150 respectively, and outputs a power status signal to the embedded processor module 140. Specifically, the current transformer power supply module 110 and the power management module 120 rectify, store, and step down the AC energy from the power supply side to supply power to the current sampling front-end module 130, the embedded processor module 140, and the NB-IoT communication module 150. The power management module 120 provides status signals such as good power, undervoltage, or power-on disabled to the embedded processor module 140 to coordinate the start-up and shutdown sequence and power consumption mode of each unit.

[0029] The current sampling front-end module 130 is electrically connected to the current transformer module 100 and the power management module 120, and is used to amplify and filter the current signal. The current sampling front-end module 130 includes at least a high-gain channel and a low-gain channel. Among them, the current sampling front-end module 130 amplifies and filters the current transformer signal and sends it to the analog-to-digital conversion channel of the embedded processor module 140. The processor performs whole-second alignment, feature calculation and event generation on the basis of unified time synchronization, and reports it through the communication module 150. The embedded processor module 140 is electrically connected to the power management module 120 and the NB-IoT communication module 150 respectively. It is used to perform whole-second alignment, feature extraction and abnormal event generation on the basis of unified time synchronization, and to perform local caching and management reporting strategies when communication is unavailable. The NB-IoT communication module 150 is electrically connected to the embedded processor module 140. It is used to report data and events to the server when the network is available, cooperate with the embedded processor module 140 to complete data caching, and resume the transmission of data during offline period when the network is restored. The embedded processor module 140 controls the power-on and power consumption modes of the NB-IoT communication module 150 and its own peripherals based on the status signals output by the current transformer power supply module 110 and the power management module 120, so as to reduce abnormalities caused by power-on transients and undervoltage states.

[0030] When communication is unavailable or the signal is weak, the processor temporarily stores the data and events, and the data is transmitted again after the network is restored to ensure data integrity.

[0031] like Figure 2 As shown, the current transformer power supply module 110 of the present invention converts the AC energy output by the current transformer 100 into DC bus through a rectifier and an energy storage capacitor. Surge, reverse connection and clamping protection are preferably provided on the input side to improve field robustness.

[0032] In this embodiment, the power management module 120 adopts a multi-stage power structure of high-voltage wide-input step-down stage and low-voltage regulator stage: the high-voltage stage converts the DC bus into an intermediate voltage, and the low-voltage stage further obtains the low-voltage power required by the system; the power switch is driven by a comparator with threshold and hysteresis to realize controlled power-on, undervoltage shutdown and power-down protection, and output status signals such as power good to the embedded processor module 140.

[0033] To adapt to the power harvesting conditions of different distribution areas, the upper and lower thresholds and hysteresis of the comparator can be configured within a preset range. The power-on delay is controlled by the RC network or by the embedded processor module 140, so that the terminal avoids repeated start-stop during power-on transients and fluctuations in available power. To reduce the impact of pulse current on analog measurements, the power supply adopts partitioned power supply and decoupling on the analog and digital sides. If necessary, independent filtering and current limiting measures are set for key nodes.

[0034] like Figure 3 As shown, the current sampling front-end module 130 of the present invention adopts a dual-gain link and anti-aliasing filter structure: the signal output by the current transformer enters the high-gain and low-gain amplification channels respectively after being biased by the reference. RC networks are set before and after each channel to limit the bandwidth and suppress aliasing and high-frequency interference; the high-gain channel is used for high-sensitivity measurement in the small current stage, and the low-gain channel is used to avoid amplifier saturation and waveform distortion in the large current stage.

[0035] In this embodiment, the gain ratio of the two channels is selected according to the field range, typically ranging from 5 to 20; the sampling bandwidth is set according to the power frequency and its main harmonics, and the low-pass cutoff is preferably selected between 100 Hz and 2 kHz. After limiting and matching, the conditioned signal is sent to the analog-to-digital conversion channel of the embedded processor module 140.

[0036] like Figure 4 As shown, the embedded processor module 140 of the present invention establishes a power status interface with the power management module 120. After detecting that the power supply is good, the NB-IoT communication module 150 and other high-power peripherals are enabled. When an undervoltage or power-on prohibition state is detected, the module enters a controlled power reduction mode.

[0037] The processor obtains a unified time reference through an external real-time clock or network time synchronization, aligns the sampling frames to the second boundary, and implements compensation or discard strategies for missing or out-of-bounds samples; then it calculates features such as current amplitude, rate of change, and duration to form data and event records, and writes them to non-volatile memory for network interruption resumption when necessary.

[0038] In this embodiment, the system is equipped with a watchdog timer and an exception reset recovery mechanism to improve reliability. The debug / download interface is used for in-production testing and firmware upgrades. To ensure time consistency, when the time source is temporarily unavailable, the terminal uses the local clock to maintain time continuity. After the time source is restored, boundary alignment and error correction are performed.

[0039] like Figure 5 As shown, the communication module 150 and the embedded processor module 140 of this invention are connected via a serial interface to complete data reporting, remote parameter configuration, and device management. The power-on, reset, and power consumption modes of the communication module are uniformly scheduled by the embedded processor module 140 according to the status of the power management module 120, and an energy-saving working mode is enabled when necessary to reduce average power consumption. The SIM interface and RF channel are ESD and surge protected according to specifications and meet antenna matching requirements.

[0040] In this embodiment, to ensure that data is not lost in weak coverage or temporary offline scenarios, the processor writes the sampled data blocks and events into non-volatile memory in the form of "time stamp + sequence number"; after the network is restored, the data is transmitted in chronological order, and the platform side performs deduplication based on the index to avoid lost reports, out-of-order or duplicate entries into the database, thus ensuring data integrity and consistency.

[0041] The terminal supports remote parameter updates and firmware upgrades; the upgrade process adopts a segmented verification and breakpoint resume mechanism, and if the upgrade fails, it will be restored to a stable version through a watchdog and rollback strategy.

[0042] like Figure 6 As shown, the present invention also provides a method for detecting electricity theft, comprising the following steps: S1. Energy extraction and controlled power-on: Energy is extracted through current transformer 100. The current transformer power extraction module 110 and power management module 120 provide controlled power supply to each module through rectification, energy storage and multi-stage voltage reduction. The comparator and power switch realize delayed power-on and undervoltage shutdown to prevent repeated start-stop. S2. Sampling and acquiring current signal: The current sampling front-end module 130 acquires the conditioned current signal with high and low gain channels and performs anti-aliasing filtering. S3. Unified time synchronization and whole-second alignment processing: The embedded processor module 140 performs whole-second alignment and noise reduction processing on the sampled data under unified time synchronization, and calculates the current value and robust characteristics. S4. Data Reporting and Resumption of Transmission: When communication is available, the NB-IoT communication module 150 reports data and events to the platform. When communication is unavailable, the data is cached locally and resumed after online access is restored, and deduplication is performed. S5. Anomaly detection and archiving: Analyze the data based on at least one of the criteria of current amplitude, rate of change and duration to detect whether there is an output power theft anomaly or other anomaly and form a traceable record.

[0043] In this embodiment, the sampling rhythm and reporting rhythm of the above steps are decoupled: sampling is carried out at the second level, and statistics and events are reported at the minute level or according to the trigger threshold; when events are dense, an event aggregation strategy is adopted to reduce the uplink load while retaining key statistical features.

[0044] In step S2, the current sampling front-end module 130 is subjected to at least two gain levels and automatic range selection or switching is performed according to a preset threshold.

[0045] In step S3, whole-second alignment includes: aligning the sampling frame to the boundary using the second pulse or equivalent time reference given by the timing unit, and performing compensation or discard strategies for missing or out-of-bounds samples. The denoising process in step S3 includes at least one of bandpass filtering, lowpass filtering, or outlier suppression. In step S4, the offline cached data reporting adopts a resume and deduplication strategy, and avoids duplicate entry into the database based on timestamps and sequence numbers.

[0046] In step S5, the abnormal electricity theft is determined by comparing one or more of the following statistics—current amplitude, rate of change, and duration—with a threshold.

[0047] In this embodiment, the installation of the terminal does not require power outage work, and the external clamp-on current transformer 100 is compatible with wires of different diameters. To improve field reliability, key interfaces are equipped with electrostatic discharge and surge protection, circuit boards can be selectively coated with protective materials, and the housing meets the corresponding protection level requirements; The terminal supports anti-tamper detection. When the casing is opened or the movement is abnormal, an anti-tampering event is generated and reported.

[0048] The communication method can be replaced by NB-IoT with cellular or LPWAN communication that has equivalent coverage and power consumption characteristics. The embedded processor module 140 retains a unified communication abstraction layer to adapt to different modules. The current transformer 100 can be an open or flexible structure, and the substitution of equivalent devices and equivalent topology does not change the essence of the present invention.

[0049] Without altering the core concept of this invention, the comparator threshold and hysteresis, power-on delay, buck and regulation levels, sampling bandwidth and gain ratio, buffer depth and reporting rhythm, etc., can be parameterized according to field conditions. All equivalent substitutions and parameter adjustments should fall within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A terminal for collecting electricity theft data, characterized in that, include: Current transformer module (100), current transformer power supply module (110), power management module (120), current sampling front-end module (130), embedded processor module (140), NB-IoT communication module (150). The current transformer module (100) is used to clamp the conductor under test and output current signal, and at the same time to supply power to the terminal. Its power extraction and signal output are electrically connected to the current transformer power extraction module (110) and the current sampling front-end module (130), respectively. The current transformer power extraction module (110) is electrically connected to the current transformer module (100) to rectify, store and output its output energy to the power management module (120). The power management module (120) is electrically connected to the current transformer power supply module (110). It drives the power switch through a comparator with set threshold and hysteresis to realize controlled power-on, undervoltage and power-off protection. Its controlled power output is electrically connected to the current sampling front-end module (130) and the NB-IoT communication module (150) respectively, and provides power status signals to the embedded processor module (140). The current sampling front-end module (130) is electrically connected to the current transformer module (100) and the power management module (120); the current sampling front-end module (130) includes a high-gain channel and a low-gain channel; The embedded processor module (140) is electrically connected to the power management module (120) and the NB-IoT communication module (150), respectively; It is used to perform whole-second alignment, feature extraction and abnormal event generation on the basis of unified time synchronization, and to perform local caching and resume management when communication is unavailable; The NB-IoT communication module (150) is electrically connected to the power management module (120) to obtain controlled power and is bidirectionally electrically connected to the embedded processor module (140); it is used to report data and events to the server when the network is available and to resume the transmission of data during offline periods when the network is restored. The embedded processor module (140) controls the power-on and power consumption modes of the NB-IoT communication module (150) and its own peripherals based on the status signals output by the current transformer power supply module (110) and the power management module (120), so as to reduce abnormalities caused by power-on transients and undervoltage states.

2. The anti-electricity theft data collection terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that, The current transformer module (100) is an open or flexible structure to adapt to different wire diameters and facilitate installation without power interruption.

3. The anti-electricity theft data collection terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that, The current transformer power supply module (110) and power management module (120) include a rectification and energy storage circuit, a high-voltage wide-input step-down stage and a low-voltage regulator stage. The high-voltage step-down stage is used to obtain the intermediate bus voltage from the rectified auxiliary voltage, and the low-voltage regulator stage is used to provide the low-voltage DC required by the processor and communication. The low-voltage regulator stage employs separate power supply and decoupling to reduce the impact of communication pulse current on sampling accuracy. The current transformer power supply module (110) and power management module (120) also include a comparator and a power switch. The comparator performs threshold and hysteresis judgment on the intermediate bus or reference node and drives the power switch to realize controlled power-on and power-off protection. At the same time, the threshold and hysteresis of the comparator are adjustable parameters to adapt to the power supply conditions and energy supply capabilities of different transformer substations. The current transformer power supply module (110) and the power management module (120) output a status signal of good power, undervoltage, or power-on prohibited to the embedded processor module (140) to delay the activation of communication and high-power peripherals.

4. The anti-electricity theft data collection terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that, The current sampling front-end module (130) includes a multi-op amplifier stage and an anti-aliasing filter network, and uses a reference potential as a bias to reduce zero drift and suppress high-frequency noise; The high-gain channel and low-gain channel of the current sampling front-end module (130) are selected or switched by the embedded processor module (140) according to the saturation criterion or the range threshold, so as to take into account both small current sensitivity and large current non-saturation. The current sampling front-end module (130) adopts separate power supply and decoupling to reduce the impact of communication pulse current on sampling accuracy.

5. The anti-electricity theft data collection terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that, The embedded processor module (140) includes a timing unit and a non-volatile memory. The timing unit is used to provide a unified time reference, and the non-volatile memory is used to store offline cache and event records. The embedded processor module (140) is connected to the NB-IoT communication module (150) via a serial interface and performs a heartbeat and retry mechanism to improve link reliability.

6. The anti-electricity theft data collection terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power-on, reset, and power consumption modes of the NB-IoT communication module (150) are controlled by the embedded processor module (140) based on the status signals given by the current transformer power supply module (110) and the power management module (120).

7. A method for detecting electricity theft, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1, Energy extraction and controlled power-on: Energy is extracted through the current transformer module (100). The current transformer power extraction module (110) and the power management module (120) provide controlled power to each module through rectification, energy storage and multi-stage voltage reduction. The comparator and power switch realize delayed power-on and undervoltage shutdown. S2. Sampling and acquiring current signal: The current of the conductor under test is acquired by the current sampling front-end module (130) and anti-aliasing filtering is performed. The current sampling front-end module (130) includes at least two gain levels: high and low. S3. Unified timing and whole-second alignment processing: The embedded processor module (140) performs whole-second alignment and noise reduction processing on the sampled data under unified timing, and calculates the current value and robustness characteristics; S4. Data reporting and resuming transmission after interruption: When communication is available, the NB-IoT communication module (150) reports data and events to the platform. When communication is unavailable, the data is cached locally and resumed transmission and deduplication are performed after online connection is restored. S5. Anomaly detection and archiving: Analyze the data based on at least one of the criteria of current amplitude, rate of change and duration to detect whether there is an output power theft anomaly or other anomaly and form a traceable record.

8. The method for detecting electricity theft according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S2, the current sampling front-end module (130) is equipped with at least two gain levels and automatic range selection or reversal is performed according to a preset threshold.

9. The method for detecting electricity theft according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S3, whole-second alignment includes: aligning the sampling frame to the boundary using the second pulse or equivalent time reference given by the timing unit, and performing compensation or discard strategies for missing or out-of-bounds samples. The denoising process in step S3 includes at least one of bandpass filtering, lowpass filtering, or outlier suppression. In step S4, the offline cached data reporting adopts a resume and deduplication strategy, and avoids duplicate entry into the database based on timestamps and sequence numbers.

10. The method for detecting electricity theft according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S5, the abnormal electricity theft is determined by comparing one or more of the following statistics—current amplitude, rate of change, and duration—with a threshold.

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