Method for testing actual discharge capacity of laminated cell and application

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for testing the actual discharge capacity of a laminated battery and application. The test method comprises the following steps: collecting annual outdoor actual spectral data of a laminated cell installation area; measuring external quantum efficiency data of the top layer and the bottom layer of the laminated cell; calculating the total short-circuit current density based on all-day outdoor spectrum data and the external quantum efficiency data of the top layer and the bottom layer, and then calculating the current of the laminated cell under the outdoor actual spectrum; on the basis of the current of the laminated cell under the outdoor actual spectrum, the daily generating capacity is accumulated and calculated, and then the annual generating capacity of the laminated cell is obtained; and evaluating the power generation performance of the laminated battery in the outdoor environment by comparing the annual energy output data of the laminated battery. The technical problem to be solved is how to provide a method for testing the actual discharge capacity of the laminated battery, and the actual power generation capacity of the laminated battery can be quickly verified.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of photovoltaic cell testing technology, and in particular relates to a testing method and application for the actual discharge capacity of tandem cells. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, tandem photovoltaic (PV) cells are a crucial direction for improving PV cell efficiency. Major domestic manufacturers are focusing on tandem PV cells with perovskite cells, with mainstream tandem configurations including two-terminal, four-terminal, and three-terminal stacking. Both two-terminal and three-terminal tandem cell structures suffer from current-limiting issues due to the two-layer structure of the top and bottom cells. The series connection of the two layers restricts the output current to a relatively small amount. Furthermore, indoor simulator test results differ from actual outdoor power generation performance because the indoor simulator's spectrum is based on AM1.5, while the actual outdoor spectrum is not always at AM1.5. Specifically, this is due to two reasons: first, the spectral response does not match the solar spectrum; the indoor test light source differs from the outdoor solar spectrum. The actual output spectrum of the indoor standard AM1.5G solar simulator exhibits blue or red tints and varying energy levels in certain bands. Second, the spectral responses of the upper and lower cell sub-units in the tandem cell differ. If the indoor test light source has a higher proportion of short wavelengths, the perovskite layer outputs more and measures a higher PCE, but actual sunlight has a higher proportion of infrared radiation. The crystalline silicon limits the overall current, leading to a decrease in outdoor performance. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The main objective of this invention is to provide a testing method and application for the actual discharge capacity of a tandem battery. The technical problem to be solved is how to provide a testing method for the actual discharge capacity of a tandem battery. This method can realize the rapid verification of the actual power generation capacity of the tandem battery, thereby laying the foundation for in-depth research on the power generation performance of the tandem battery.

[0004] The objective of this invention and the technical problem it solves are achieved through the following technical solution. A method for testing the actual discharge capacity of a stacked battery according to this invention includes the following steps: 1) Spectral data collection: Collect actual outdoor spectral data for the year in the area where the stacked battery is installed; the spectral data is the daily distribution of light energy at each wavelength; the spectral data specifically includes: spectral energy distribution data at different times of day, different seasons throughout the year, and different weather conditions; 2) External quantum efficiency measurement: Accurately measure the external quantum efficiency data of the top and bottom layers of the stacked battery; 3) Outdoor actual current calculation: Based on the all-day outdoor spectral data and the external quantum efficiency data of the top and bottom layers, the total short-circuit current density is calculated, and then the power of the stacked battery is calculated based on the total open-circuit current density. Finally, the current of the stacked battery under the actual outdoor spectrum is calculated. 4) Based on the current of the stacked battery under the actual outdoor spectrum, the daily power generation is accumulated and calculated to obtain the annual power generation of the stacked battery; by comparing the annual power generation data of the stacked battery, the power generation performance of the stacked battery in the outdoor environment is evaluated.

[0005] Preferably, the aforementioned method for testing the actual discharge capacity of the stacked battery involves integral calculation based on the collected spectral data and the external quantum efficiency data of the top and bottom layers of the stacked battery to obtain the total short-circuit current density of the stacked battery. The power of the stacked battery is determined by multiplying the total short-circuit current density of the stacked battery with the open-circuit voltage of the stacked battery and the assumed fill factor. Based on the power of the stacked battery, the total work done by the stacked battery within a second preset time period is calculated to obtain the actual daily power generation of the stacked battery. Then, by accumulating the actual daily power generation of the stacked battery, the annual power generation of the stacked battery is obtained.

[0006] Preferably, in the aforementioned method for testing the actual discharge capacity of the stacked battery, the current of the stacked battery under the actual outdoor spectrum is calculated using formula (1); formula (1) is: E totlal =∑P(t) i )×△t Among them, E total For integral data; P(t) i (W / m) represents power. 2 △t represents time, in hours (h), and P(t) is collected once every hour. i )data.

[0007] Preferably, in the aforementioned method for testing the actual discharge capacity of the stacked battery, in the formula (1), the power P(t) i The calculation method for ) is obtained by formula (2); the formula (2) is as follows: P(t) i )=J sc (t)×V oc ×FF Among them, J sc (t) represents the total short-circuit current density, in mA / cm²; V oc is the open-circuit voltage in V; FF is the assumed fill factor in 1.

[0008] Preferably, in the aforementioned method for testing the actual discharge capacity of the stacked battery, the total short-circuit current density of the stacked battery is calculated using formula (3); formula (3) is: Where q is the elementary charge constant, and its value is 1.602 × 10⁻⁶. -19 C; QE(λ) represents the quantum efficiency at different wavelengths, expressed in %; φ(λ) represents the photon flux per unit area per unit time per wavelength, expressed in photons / (m²). 2 (·s·nm), collected once per hour, for calculating the E total .

[0009] Preferably, the aforementioned method for testing the actual discharge capacity of the stacked battery includes collecting annual outdoor actual spectral data of the area where the stacked battery is installed, including: collecting spectral data under outdoor lighting conditions once every first preset time interval.

[0010] Preferably, in the aforementioned method for testing the actual discharge capacity of the stacked battery, the first preset duration is 1 minute.

[0011] Preferably, the aforementioned method for testing the actual discharge capacity of the stacked battery includes collecting the spectral data using a spectrometer and measuring the external quantum efficiency data of the top and bottom layers of the stacked battery using a QE testing instrument.

[0012] Preferably, in the aforementioned method for testing the actual discharge capacity of the stacked battery, the stacked battery is a two-terminal stacked battery or a three-terminal stacked battery.

[0013] The objective of this invention and the technical problem it solves are also achieved by the following technical solution. An electronic device according to this invention includes one or more processors; the processors are capable of executing the above-described method for testing the actual discharge capacity of a stacked battery.

[0014] By employing the above technical solution, the present invention provides a method and application for testing the actual discharge capacity of a stacked battery, which has at least the following advantages: Compared to traditional testing methods that directly calibrate IV parameters under constant indoor spectra, the testing method disclosed in this invention can evaluate performance based on actual outdoor spectral environments, thus more accurately reflecting the power generation characteristics and dynamic response capabilities of tandem solar cells. By collecting actual outdoor spectral data of tandem solar cells, the energy conversion mechanism of tandem solar cells under complex lighting conditions can be systematically revealed, providing crucial data support for optimizing device structure and improving power generation efficiency under actual operating conditions.

[0015] The above description is merely an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to better understand the technical means of the present invention and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Detailed Implementation

[0016] To further illustrate the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the intended purpose, the following, in conjunction with preferred embodiments, details the specific implementation, structure, features, and effects of a method for testing the actual discharge capacity of a tandem battery according to the present invention. In the following description, different "embodiments" or "embodiments" do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, specific features, structures, or characteristics in one or more embodiments can be combined in any suitable form.

[0017] This invention proposes a method for testing the actual discharge capacity of a stacked battery, the steps of which include: 1) Spectral data collection: Collect actual outdoor spectral data for the year in the area where the stacked battery is installed; the spectral data is the daily distribution of light energy at each wavelength; the spectral data specifically includes: spectral energy distribution data at different times of day, different seasons throughout the year, and different weather conditions; 2) External quantum efficiency measurement: Accurately measure the external quantum efficiency data of the top and bottom layers of the stacked battery; 3) Outdoor actual current calculation: Based on the all-day outdoor spectral data and the external quantum efficiency data of the top and bottom layers, the total short-circuit current density is calculated, and then the power of the stacked battery is calculated based on the total open-circuit current density. Finally, the current of the stacked battery under the actual outdoor spectrum is calculated. 4) Based on the current of the stacked battery under the actual outdoor spectrum, the daily power generation is accumulated and calculated to obtain the annual power generation of the stacked battery; by comparing the annual power generation data of the stacked battery, the power generation performance of the stacked battery in the outdoor environment is evaluated.

[0018] Preferably, the aforementioned method for testing the actual discharge capacity of the stacked battery involves integral calculation based on the collected spectral data and the external quantum efficiency data of the top and bottom layers of the stacked battery to obtain the total short-circuit current density of the stacked battery. The power of the stacked battery is determined by multiplying the total short-circuit current density of the stacked battery with the open-circuit voltage of the stacked battery and the assumed fill factor. Based on the power of the stacked battery, the total work done by the stacked battery within a second preset time period is calculated to obtain the actual daily power generation of the stacked battery. Then, by accumulating the actual daily power generation of the stacked battery, the annual power generation of the stacked battery is obtained.

[0019] Preferably, in the aforementioned method for testing the actual discharge capacity of the stacked battery, the current of the stacked battery under the actual outdoor spectrum is calculated using formula (1); formula (1) is: E totlal =∑P(t) i )×△t Among them, E total For integral data; P(t) i (W / m) represents power. 2 △t represents time, in hours (h), and P(t) is collected once every hour. i )data.

[0020] Preferably, in the aforementioned method for testing the actual discharge capacity of the stacked battery, in the formula (1), the power P(t) i The calculation method for ) is obtained by formula (2); the formula (2) is as follows: P(t) i )=J sc (t)×V oc ×FF Among them, J sc (t) represents the total short-circuit current density, in mA / cm²; V oc is the open-circuit voltage in V; FF is the assumed fill factor in 1.

[0021] Preferably, in the aforementioned method for testing the actual discharge capacity of the stacked battery, the total short-circuit current density of the stacked battery is calculated using formula (3); formula (3) is: Where q is the elementary charge constant, and its value is 1.602 × 10⁻⁶. -19 C; QE(λ) represents the quantum efficiency at different wavelengths, expressed in %; φ(λ) represents the photon flux per unit area per unit time per wavelength, expressed in photons / (m²). 2 (·s·nm), collected once per hour, for calculating the E total .

[0022] Preferably, the aforementioned method for testing the actual discharge capacity of the stacked battery includes collecting annual outdoor actual spectral data of the area where the stacked battery is installed, including: collecting spectral data under outdoor lighting conditions once every first preset time interval.

[0023] Preferably, in the aforementioned method for testing the actual discharge capacity of the stacked battery, the first preset duration is 1 minute.

[0024] Preferably, the aforementioned method for testing the actual discharge capacity of the stacked battery includes collecting the spectral data using a spectrometer and measuring the external quantum efficiency data of the top and bottom layers of the stacked battery using a QE testing instrument.

[0025] Preferably, in the aforementioned method for testing the actual discharge capacity of the stacked battery, the stacked battery is a two-terminal stacked battery or a three-terminal stacked battery.

[0026] The present invention also proposes an electronic device comprising one or more processors; said processors are capable of executing the above-described method for testing the actual discharge capacity of a stacked battery.

[0027] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments, but this should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention. Some non-essential improvements and adjustments made by those skilled in the art based on the above description of the present invention still fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Unless otherwise specified, all materials and reagents mentioned below are commercially available products well known to those skilled in the art; unless otherwise specified, all methods described are methods known in the art. Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used should have the ordinary meaning understood by those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0029] Example A method for testing the actual discharge capacity of a tandem battery, comprising the following steps: 1) Collect spectral data Φ(λ) of the target area for 365 days throughout the year using an outdoor real-time spectrometer, with the data acquisition cycle set to 1 hour (which can be adjusted as needed); 2) The spectral response data QE(λ) of the top cell and the bottom cell were measured using an external quantum efficiency testing device. 3) Calculate the short-circuit current density J of the top and bottom cells at each moment according to the formula. sc1 and J sc2 Due to current matching limitations, the smaller of the two values ​​is selected as the short-circuit current density J of the tandem battery at that moment. sc The calculation formula is as follows: 4) During each data collection cycle, the power generation of the tandem battery is expressed by formula E. totlal =∑P(t) i )×△t=J sc (t)×V oc The calculation is performed using ×FF×△t, where V is the preset working voltage (set as a constant) and △t is the data acquisition time interval (taken as 1 hour). 5) Calculate E once per hour. total The daily power generation is obtained by integrating the data hourly; the above steps are repeated 365 times to obtain the total annual power generation data of the tandem battery.

[0030] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions in other embodiments.

[0031] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for testing the actual discharge capacity of a stacked battery, characterized in that, The steps include: 1) Spectral data collection: Collect actual outdoor spectral data for the year in the area where the stacked battery is installed; the spectral data is the daily distribution of light energy at each wavelength; the spectral data specifically includes: spectral energy distribution data at different times of day, different seasons throughout the year, and different weather conditions. 2) External quantum efficiency measurement: Accurately measure the external quantum efficiency data of the top and bottom layers of the stacked battery; 3) Outdoor actual current calculation: Based on the all-day outdoor spectral data and the external quantum efficiency data of the top and bottom layers, the total short-circuit current density is calculated, and then the power of the stacked battery is calculated based on the total open-circuit current density. Finally, the current of the stacked battery under the actual outdoor spectrum is calculated. 4) Based on the current of the stacked battery under the actual outdoor spectrum, the daily power generation is accumulated and calculated to obtain the annual power generation of the stacked battery; by comparing the annual power generation data of the stacked battery, the power generation performance of the stacked battery in the outdoor environment is evaluated.

2. The method for testing the actual discharge capacity of a stacked battery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The total short-circuit current density of the stacked battery is obtained by integral calculation based on the collected spectral data and the external quantum efficiency data of the top and bottom layers of the stacked battery. The power of the stacked battery is determined by multiplying the total short-circuit current density of the stacked battery with the open-circuit voltage of the stacked battery and the assumed fill factor. Based on the power of the stacked battery, the total work done by the stacked battery within a second preset time period is calculated to obtain the actual daily power generation of the stacked battery. Then, by accumulating the actual daily power generation of the stacked battery, the annual power generation of the stacked battery is obtained.

3. The method for testing the actual discharge capacity of a stacked battery according to claim 2, characterized in that, The current of the stacked battery under the actual outdoor spectrum is calculated using formula (1); formula (1) is: E totlal =∑P(t i )×△t Among them, E total For integral data; P(t) i (W / m) represents power. 2 △t represents time, in hours (h), and P(t) is collected once every hour. i )data.

4. The method for testing the actual discharge capacity of a stacked battery according to claim 3, characterized in that, In the formula (1), the power P(t) i The calculation method for ) is obtained by formula (2); the formula (2) is as follows: P(t i )=J sc (t)×V oc ×FF Among them, J sc (t) represents the total short-circuit current density, in mA / cm²; V oc is the open-circuit voltage in V; FF is the assumed fill factor in 1.

5. The method for testing the actual discharge capacity of a stacked battery according to claim 4, characterized in that, The total short-circuit current density of the stacked battery is calculated using formula (3); formula (3) is: Where q is the elementary charge constant, and its value is 1.602 × 10⁻⁶. -19 C; QE(λ) represents the quantum efficiency at different wavelengths, expressed in %; φ(λ) represents the photon flux per unit area per unit time per wavelength, expressed in photons / (m²). 2 (·s·nm), collected once per hour, for calculating the E total .

6. The method for testing the actual discharge capacity of a stacked battery according to claim 1, characterized in that, Collect annual outdoor spectral data of the area where the stacked battery is installed, including collecting spectral data under outdoor lighting conditions every first preset time interval.

7. The method for testing the actual discharge capacity of a stacked battery according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first preset duration is 1 minute.

8. The method for testing the actual discharge capacity of a stacked battery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spectral data were collected using a spectrometer; the external quantum efficiency data of the top and bottom layers of the stacked battery were measured using a QE testing instrument.

9. The method for testing the actual discharge capacity of a stacked battery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stacked battery is a two-terminal stacked battery or a three-terminal stacked battery.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that, It includes one or more processors; said processors are capable of executing the test method for the actual discharge capability of the stacked battery as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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