Numerical control lathe for hydraulic pump machining and turning method of hydraulic pump cylinder body

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of turning, in particular to a numerical control lathe for hydraulic pump machining and a hydraulic pump cylinder turning method.The numerical control lathe comprises a lathe shell, a workbench and a turning tool, the workbench is fixedly arranged in the lathe shell, a clamping rotating mechanism is arranged on the workbench, and a sliding frame is slidably arranged on the workbench in the length direction of the workbench; the lathe tool is arranged on the sliding frame through an adjusting assembly, a driving mechanism connected with the sliding frame is arranged on the workbench, a triggering mechanism matched with the sliding frame and the driving mechanism is arranged on the workbench, and the adjusting assembly is connected with the triggering mechanism through a transmission mechanism. Stable clamping and synchronous rotation of hydraulic pump cylinder bodies of different sizes are achieved through the clamping and rotating mechanism, closed-loop control is formed through cooperation of the clamping and rotating mechanism and the sliding frame, the driving mechanism and the triggering mechanism, and successive turning of multiple sections of outer circles can be continuously completed under the condition that shutdown, manual measurement or secondary clamping is not needed; and the problems of abrupt increase of power and heavy load of equipment caused by one-time large-depth cutting penetration are avoided.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of turning technology, and particularly relates to a numerical control lathe for hydraulic pump machining and a turning method of a hydraulic pump cylinder. BACKGROUND

[0002] As the "heart" of the hydraulic system, the hydraulic pump converts mechanical energy into hydraulic energy through the cooperation of precise components such as cylinder bodies, oil distribution plates, and plunger pairs, and provides power sources for engineering machinery, aerospace, ships, metallurgy, and other fields. Among them, the geometric accuracy, surface roughness, and coaxiality of the outer circle of the cylinder body directly determine the volumetric efficiency, noise level, and service life of the pump; with the surge in demand for high-pressure, large-flow, and low-noise hydraulic pumps, the length-diameter ratio of the cylinder body is continuously increasing, and the traditional processing method has been difficult to meet the manufacturing requirements of high efficiency, high precision, and low damage.

[0003] Due to the large length and thin wall thickness of the cylinder body, slight fluctuations in cutting force can easily cause tool deformation. In order to avoid tool vibration and burning, operators are often forced to use conservative processes such as "large depth, low speed, and few tool passes", which causes the machine tool spindle and servo motor to be in heavy load for a long time, resulting in high energy consumption and fast tool wear; frequent stop-start, manual measurement, and secondary clamping not only have low efficiency, but also accumulate positioning errors due to multiple reference conversions, ultimately affecting the coaxiality of the stepped outer circle and the perpendicularity of the end face. In addition, the deep cavity structure makes it difficult for the cooling liquid to fully reach the tool tip, further limiting the optimization space of the cutting parameters. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a numerical control lathe for hydraulic pump machining and a turning method of a hydraulic pump cylinder to solve the problems raised in the background.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following technical solutions: A numerical control lathe for hydraulic pump machining, comprising a lathe housing, a workbench, and a tool, the workbench is fixedly arranged in the interior of the lathe housing, a clamping and rotating mechanism is arranged on the workbench, and the clamping and rotating mechanism can clamp and rotate the two ends of a hydraulic pump cylinder to be machined of different sizes; A sliding frame is slidably arranged on the workbench along the length direction of the workbench, and the tool is arranged on the sliding frame through an adjusting assembly; A driving mechanism is arranged on the workbench and connected with the sliding frame, when the driving mechanism operates, the sliding frame will drive the tool to move along the length direction of the hydraulic pump cylinder to be machined for turning; A triggering mechanism is arranged on the workbench and cooperates with the sliding frame and the driving mechanism, when the sliding frame drives the tool to move away from the hydraulic pump cylinder, the sliding frame will drive the triggering mechanism to act, and the triggering mechanism will interact with the driving mechanism to make the sliding frame return. The adjusting assembly is connected with the trigger mechanism through a transmission structure, and the adjusting assembly is driven to move by the transmission structure during the operation of the trigger mechanism, so that the turning tool moves to the center of the hydraulic pump cylinder to be machined by a preset distance.

[0006] The numerical control lathe for machining hydraulic pump as described above: The clamping and rotating mechanism comprises a clamping chuck and a tail vertebra, the clamping chuck is rotationally arranged at one end of the workbench, and the tail vertebra is threadedly arranged at the other end of the workbench and corresponds to the clamping chuck. A motor is fixedly arranged on the workbench, a first pulley is coaxially fixedly arranged on the output end of the motor, a second pulley is coaxially fixedly arranged on the clamping chuck, and the first pulley and the second pulley are connected through a toothed belt.

[0007] The numerical control lathe for machining hydraulic pump as described above: The adjusting assembly comprises a threaded rod and a rotating rod, the threaded rod is rotationally arranged on the slide along the length direction perpendicular to the workbench, and the rotating rod is rotationally arranged on the workbench along the length direction of the workbench. A sliding seat is slidably arranged on the slide, the sliding seat is threadedly matched with the threaded rod, the turning tool is fixedly arranged on the sliding seat, a sleeve is rotationally arranged on the slide, and the sleeve is slidably sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating rod.

[0008] The numerical control lathe for machining hydraulic pump as described above: A transmission rod is rotationally arranged on the slide, a first bevel gear and a third bevel gear are coaxially fixedly arranged at the two ends of the transmission rod respectively, a second bevel gear is fixedly arranged on the sleeve and meshes with the first bevel gear, and a fourth bevel gear is fixedly arranged on the threaded rod and meshes with the third bevel gear. A groove is arranged on the outer wall of the rotating rod along the length direction thereof, a protruding column is fixedly arranged in the interior of the sleeve, the protruding column is located in the groove and is in sliding fit.

[0009] The numerical control lathe for machining hydraulic pump as described above: The driving mechanism comprises a lead screw, a rotating shaft and a motor, the lead screw and the rotating shaft are respectively rotationally arranged on the workbench along the length direction of the workbench, the motor is fixedly arranged on the workbench and the output end thereof is coaxially fixedly connected with one end of the rotating shaft, and the slide is threadedly matched with the lead screw. The rotating shaft is coaxially provided with a blocking ring, the outer wall of the rotating shaft is slidably sleeved with a disc, the two sides of the disc are coaxially provided with a second gear ring and a third gear ring respectively, the outer wall of the rotating shaft is provided with a sliding groove along the length direction thereof, the inner wall of the disc is fixedly provided with a sliding column, and the sliding column is located in the sliding groove and is in sliding fit.

[0010] The numerical control lathe for hydraulic pump machining has the advantages that: The workbench is rotatably provided with a first gear ring, the first gear ring is coaxially located on one side of the disc, a first gear is coaxially and fixedly arranged on the first gear ring, and a second gear is coaxially and fixedly arranged on the lead screw and is in mesh with the first gear. The outer wall of the rotating shaft is sleeved with a compression spring, the two ends of the compression spring are respectively abutted against the blocking ring and the disc, so as to drive the second gear ring to be always in mesh with the first gear ring.

[0011] The numerical control lathe for hydraulic pump machining has the advantages that: The workbench is rotatably provided with a fourth gear ring, the fourth gear ring is coaxially located on the other side of the disc, a third gear is coaxially and fixedly arranged on the fourth gear ring, a fifth gear is coaxially and fixedly arranged on the lead screw, and a fourth gear is rotatably arranged on the workbench and is in mesh with the third gear and the fifth gear. When the disc drives the second gear ring to be separated from the first gear ring under the action of external force, and the third gear ring is in mesh with the fourth gear ring, the compression spring is further compressed, and the lead screw is switched from forward rotation to reverse rotation.

[0012] The numerical control lathe for hydraulic pump machining has the advantages that: The trigger mechanism comprises a fixed frame and a swing rod, the fixed frame is fixed on the workbench, a mandrel is rotatably arranged on the fixed frame, one end of the swing rod is fixedly connected with the mandrel, and the other end of the swing rod is fixedly provided with a push rod corresponding to the disc. A stand is fixedly arranged on the swing rod, a stand rod is fixedly arranged on the fixed frame, the stand and the stand rod are connected through a hook spring, the elastic force of the hook spring is greater than that of the compression spring, a limiting column is fixedly arranged on the fixed frame, the swing rod is abutted against the limiting column under the action of the hook spring, a reversing rod is fixedly arranged on the slide frame, and the reversing rod corresponds to the swing rod. When the swing rod is deflected under the pushing action of the reversing rod on the slide frame and exceeds the maximum stretching amount of the hook spring, the swing rod will instantaneously and rapidly deflect to push the disc to slide on the rotating shaft, so that the second gear ring is separated from the first gear ring, and the third gear ring is in mesh with the fourth gear ring.

[0013] The numerical control lathe for machining hydraulic pump is characterized in that the hydraulic pump is clamped on the clamping and rotating mechanism, the tail vertebra is rotated into the position according to the length of the cylinder body, the motor drives the jaw chuck to rotate at a constant speed through the toothed belt, and the cylinder body obtains a constant rotary reference. The transmission structure comprises a transmission shaft rotatably arranged on the fixed frame, one end of the transmission shaft is coaxially fixedly provided with a fifth bevel gear, and the mandrel is coaxially fixedly provided with a sixth bevel gear which is in mesh with the fifth bevel gear. The other end of the transmission shaft is coaxially fixedly provided with a seventh bevel gear, and the rotating rod is coaxially fixedly provided with an eighth bevel gear which is in mesh with the seventh bevel gear.

[0014] The turning method of the hydraulic pump cylinder body by using the numerical control lathe is characterized by comprising the following steps. Step one: establishing a reference, clamping the hydraulic pump cylinder body on the clamping and rotating mechanism, rotating the tail vertebra into the position according to the length of the cylinder body, and rotating the motor at a constant speed through the toothed belt to drive the jaw chuck, so that the cylinder body obtains a constant rotary reference. Step two: forward turning, the motor drives the screw rod to rotate forward through the rotating shaft, the disc, the second tooth ring, the first tooth ring, the first gear, the second gear, the slide rail drives the turning tool to turn the first section of the cylinder body at the initial cutting depth, and the trigger mechanism is in the standby triggering state. Step three: stroke triggering, when the slide rail reaches the set end point and the turning tool just leaves the workpiece surface, the push rod impacts the disc to move left, the second tooth ring is disengaged from the first tooth ring, the third tooth ring is engaged with the fourth tooth ring, the screw rod immediately reverses, the slide rail starts to return at high speed, and the mandrel rotates synchronously with the swing rod. Step four: tool compensation, the rotation of the mandrel is transmitted to the rotating rod through the sixth bevel gear, the fifth bevel gear, the transmission shaft, the seventh bevel gear, the eighth bevel gear, the rotating rod drives the sleeve to rotate through the groove and the convex column, and then the turning tool is driven to rotate in place through the second bevel gear, the first bevel gear, the transmission rod, the third bevel gear and the fourth bevel gear, so that the slide rail drives the turning tool to feed a small amount of distance to the center of the cylinder body, and the automatic setting of the next cutting depth is completed.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the hydraulic pump machining numerical control lathe has the following beneficial effects: The clamping and rotating mechanism is used to stably clamp and synchronously rotate the hydraulic pump cylinder body of different sizes, the slide rail, the driving mechanism and the trigger mechanism form a closed loop control, when the turning tool completes the processing of one section of the outer circle and leaves the workpiece, the trigger mechanism immediately acts, on one hand, the driving mechanism is instructed to drive the slide rail to automatically return, and on the other hand, the turning tool is driven to feed a small amount of distance to the center of the cylinder body through the transmission structure; without stopping, manual measurement or secondary clamping, the turning tool can continuously complete the turning of multiple sections of the outer circle, which avoids the problems of power increase and equipment overload caused by one-time large depth cutting, and improves the processing efficiency, size consistency and surface quality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 The whole structure schematic diagram of the numerical control lathe for hydraulic pump machining.

[0017] Figure 2 The lathe shell section view in the numerical control lathe for hydraulic pump machining.

[0018] Figure 3 The schematic diagram after removing the lathe shell in the numerical control lathe for hydraulic pump machining.

[0019] Figure 4 The slide, sleeve, second bevel gear section view in the numerical control lathe for hydraulic pump machining.

[0020] Figure 5 The Figure 4 The enlarged view in A.

[0021] Figure 6 The schematic diagram from another perspective after removing the lathe shell in the numerical control lathe for hydraulic pump machining.

[0022] Figure 7 The Figure 6 The enlarged view in B.

[0023] Figure 8 The whole structure schematic diagram from another perspective of the numerical control lathe for hydraulic pump machining.

[0024] Figure 9 The first tooth ring, disc, second tooth ring, third tooth ring section view in the numerical control lathe for hydraulic pump machining.

[0025] Figure 10 The Figure 9 The enlarged view in C.

[0026] Figure 11 The schematic diagram of part structure disassembly in the numerical control lathe for hydraulic pump machining.

[0027] In the figure: 1, lathe shell; 2, workbench; 3, turning tool; 4, sliding frame; 5, clamping jaw chuck; 6, tail vertebra; 7, motor; 8, No. 1 pulley; 9, No. 2 pulley; 10, toothed belt; 11, threaded rod; 12, rotating rod; 1201, groove; 13, sliding seat; 14, sleeve; 1401, convex column; 15, transmission rod; 16, No. 1 bevel gear; 17, No. 2 bevel gear; 18, No. 3 bevel gear; 19, No. 4 bevel gear; 20, lead screw; 21, rotating shaft; 2101, sliding groove; 22, motor; 23, retaining ring; 24, first tooth ring; 25, No. 1 gear; 26, No. 2 gear; 27, disc; 2701, sliding column; 28, second tooth ring; 29, third tooth ring; 30, compression spring; 31, fourth tooth ring; 32, No. 3 gear; 33, No. 4 gear; 34, No. 5 gear; 35, fixed frame; 36, swing lever; 37, mandrel; 38, push rod; 39, stand; 40, vertical rod; 41, hook spring; 42, limit column; 43, reversing lever; 44, transmission shaft; 45, No. 5 bevel gear; 46, No. 6 bevel gear; 47, No. 7 bevel gear; 48, No. 8 bevel gear. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, not all.

[0029] Please refer to Figures 1-11 As an embodiment of the present application, a numerical control lathe for hydraulic pump machining includes a lathe shell 1, a workbench 2, and a turning tool 3. The workbench 2 is fixedly arranged inside the lathe shell 1. A clamping and rotating mechanism is arranged on the workbench 2. The clamping and rotating mechanism can clamp and rotate the two ends of a hydraulic pump cylinder body of different sizes. A sliding frame 4 is arranged on the workbench 2 and slides along the length direction of the workbench 2. The turning tool 3 is arranged on the sliding frame 4 through an adjusting assembly. A driving mechanism is arranged on the workbench 2 and connected with the sliding frame 4. When the driving mechanism operates, the sliding frame 4 drives the turning tool 3 to move along the length direction of the hydraulic pump cylinder body for turning. A trigger mechanism is arranged on the workbench 2 and cooperates with the sliding frame 4 and the driving mechanism. When the sliding frame 4 drives the turning tool 3 to move away from the hydraulic pump cylinder body, the sliding frame 4 drives the trigger mechanism to act. The trigger mechanism interacts with the driving mechanism to make the sliding frame 4 return. The adjusting assembly is connected with the trigger mechanism through a transmission structure, and the adjusting assembly is driven to move by the transmission structure during the action of the trigger mechanism, so that the turning tool 3 moves to the center direction of the hydraulic pump cylinder body by a preset distance.

[0030] In this embodiment, the clamping and rotating mechanism automatically adjusts the distance according to the length of the cylinder body, synchronously clamps the two ends of the workpiece and drives the workpiece to continuously rotate, and establishes a constant rotation reference; When the driving mechanism is powered, the sliding frame 4 is longitudinally fed along the guide rail of the workbench 2, and the turning tool 3 is used to turn the first section of the outer circle of the cylinder body with an initial cutting depth. At this time, the trigger mechanism is in a waiting trigger state. When the sliding frame 4 reaches the set stroke end point, the turning tool 3 just leaves the surface of the workpiece, and the reversing lever 43 on the sliding frame 4 presses the trigger mechanism, which instantaneously sends two mechanical signals, one to the driving mechanism and the other to the transmission structure. After receiving the signal, the driving mechanism immediately reverses, and the sliding frame 4 drives the turning tool 3 to return to the starting point. During the return process, the clamping and rotating mechanism does not loosen the clamp, the workpiece does not stop rotating, and the reference remains unchanged. At the same time of returning, the trigger mechanism converts the rotary motion into the linear displacement of the adjusting assembly through the transmission structure, and drives the turning tool 3 to feed a preset distance to the center direction of the cylinder body, thereby completing the automatic setting of the next cutting depth.

[0031] As a further scheme of the present application, the clamping and rotating mechanism includes a clamping jaw chuck 5 and a tail vertebra 6. The clamping jaw chuck 5 is rotationally arranged at one end of the workbench 2, and the tail vertebra 6 is threadedly arranged at the other end of the workbench 2 and corresponds to the clamping jaw chuck 5. A motor 7 is fixedly arranged on the workbench 2, a first pulley 8 is coaxially fixed to the output end of the motor 7, a second pulley 9 is coaxially fixed to the clamping jaw chuck 5, and the first pulley 8 and the second pulley 9 are connected through a toothed belt 10.

[0032] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 3 When the motor 7 is powered, it outputs a constant rotational speed to drive the coaxial first pulley 8 to rotate. The first pulley 8 transmits the torque to the second pulley 9 without slip through the toothed belt 10, so that the clamping jaw chuck 5 obtains rotary motion coaxial with the motor 7. According to the length of the hydraulic pump cylinder body, the tail vertebra 6 is rotated in or out on the threaded guide rail, so that the tail tip maintains a required distance from the end face of the clamping jaw chuck 5. One end of the cylinder body is clamped and centered by the clamping jaw chuck 5, and the other end is clamped by the tail tip of the tail vertebra 6, forming a "one clamping and one clamping" rigid support, and completing the synchronous positioning of the two ends. After clamping, the motor 7 continues to operate, the clamping chuck 5 drives the cylinder to rotate at a constant speed under the synchronous drive of the toothed belt 10, and the tail vertebra 6 only provides axial support without transmitting torque, so as to ensure that the axis of the workpiece rotation coincides with the axis of the machine tool spindle, and to establish a stable rotation reference for the subsequent longitudinal turning of the slide 4.

[0033] As a further scheme of the present application, the adjusting assembly comprises a threaded rod 11 and a rotating rod 12, the threaded rod 11 is arranged on the slide 4 in rotation along the length direction perpendicular to the workbench 2, and the rotating rod 12 is arranged on the workbench 2 in rotation along the length direction of the workbench 2; A sliding seat 13 is arranged on the slide 4 in sliding, the sliding seat 13 is threadedly matched with the threaded rod 11, the turning tool 3 is fixedly arranged on the sliding seat 13, a sleeve 14 is arranged on the slide 4 in rotation, and the sleeve 14 is arranged in sliding on the outer wall of the rotating rod 12; A transmission rod 15 is arranged on the slide 4 in rotation, coaxially fixed one-end gears 16 and three-end gears 18 are arranged at both ends of the transmission rod 15 respectively, a two-end gear 17 is fixedly arranged on the sleeve 14 and is intermeshed with the one-end gear 16, and a four-end gear 19 is fixedly arranged on the threaded rod 11 and is intermeshed with the three-end gear 18; A groove 1201 is arranged on the outer wall of the rotating rod 12 along the length direction, a convex column 1401 is fixedly arranged in the interior of the sleeve 14, and the convex column 1401 is located in the groove 1201 and is in sliding fit.

[0034] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 4 and Figure 5 When the trigger mechanism acts, the rotating rod 12 is driven to rotate around its own axis through the transmission structure, at this time, the slide 4 is in the return or pause stage, the rotating rod 12 only rotates and has no axial displacement; Since the convex column 1401 in the interior of the sleeve 14 is embedded in the axial groove 1201 of the rotating rod 12, a “sliding key” fit is formed, the rotating motion of the rotating rod 12 is forcibly transmitted to the sleeve 14, so that the sleeve 14 rotates synchronously with the rotating rod 12, and meanwhile, the convex column 1401 can slide in the groove 1201, so as to ensure that the sleeve 14 can still slide freely along the rotating rod 12 when the slide 4 moves longitudinally, and the sleeve 14 and the rotating rod 12 do not interfere with each other; The rotation of the sleeve 14 is transmitted to the four-end gear 19 through the two-end gear 17, the one-end gear 16, the transmission rod 15 and the three-end gear 18, the one-end gear 16 and the three-end gear 18 at both ends of the transmission rod 15 are coaxially fixedly connected, so as to ensure no backlash and no step loss; The four-end gear 19 is coaxially fixedly connected with the threaded rod 11, the threaded rod 11 rotates in place in the radial bearing of the slide 4 after being driven, and the pitch of the threaded rod 11 directly determines the subsequent feeding amount; The sliding seat 13 and the threaded rod 11 form a screw pair, and the sliding seat 13 can only slide radially under the restriction of the guide rail of the sliding frame 4, thus, the threaded rod 11 is rotated by one circle, the sliding seat 13 drives the turning tool 3 to move to the center of the cylinder body accurately by one pitch, and the preset micro-cutting depth compensation is completed; the whole link from the rotating rod 12 to the turning tool 3 is rigidly connected, and the feed amount is uniquely determined by the rotating angle of the rotating rod 12.

[0035] As a further scheme of the present application, the driving mechanism comprises a screw rod 20, a rotating shaft 21 and a motor 22, the screw rod 20 and the rotating shaft 21 are respectively arranged on the workbench 2 in the length direction of the workbench 2, the motor 22 is fixedly arranged on the workbench 2 and the output end is coaxially fixedly connected with one end of the rotating shaft 21, and the sliding frame 4 is in threaded cooperation with the screw rod 20. A blocking ring 23 is coaxially fixedly arranged on the rotating shaft 21, a disc 27 is slidably sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating shaft 21, a second gear ring 28 and a third gear ring 29 are coaxially fixedly arranged on the two sides of the disc 27 respectively, a sliding groove 2101 is arranged on the outer wall of the rotating shaft 21 in the length direction thereof, and a sliding column 2701 is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the disc 27 and located in the sliding cooperation with the sliding groove 2101. A first gear ring 24 is rotatably arranged on the workbench 2, the first gear ring 24 is coaxially located on one side of the disc 27, a first gear 25 is coaxially fixedly arranged on the first gear ring 24, and a second gear 26 is coaxially fixedly arranged on the screw rod 20 and in meshing cooperation with the first gear 25. The outer wall of the rotating shaft 21 is sleeved with a compression spring 30, the two ends of the compression spring 30 abut against the blocking ring 23 and the disc 27 respectively, so as to drive the second gear ring 28 to always mesh with the first gear ring 24. A fourth gear ring 31 is rotatably arranged on the workbench 2, the fourth gear ring 31 is coaxially located on the other side of the disc 27, a third gear 32 is coaxially fixedly arranged on the fourth gear ring 31, a fifth gear 34 is coaxially fixedly arranged on the screw rod 20, and a fourth gear 33 is rotatably arranged on the workbench 2 and in meshing cooperation with the third gear 32 and the fifth gear 34. When the disc 27 drives the second gear ring 28 to separate from the first gear ring 24 under the action of external force and the third gear ring 29 meshes with the fourth gear ring 31, the compression spring 30 is further compressed, and the screw rod 20 is switched from forward rotation to reverse rotation.

[0036] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 7 , Figure 10 and Figure 11After the motor 22 starts, it drives the rotating shaft 21 to rotate in a constant direction. The compression spring 30 pushes the disc 27 to the right, so that the second gear ring 28 meshes with the first gear ring 24. The torque passes through the rotating shaft 21, the slide groove 2101 and the slide column 2701, the disc 27, the second gear ring 28, the first gear ring 24, the first gear 25, and the second gear 26 in sequence, and finally drives the lead screw 20 to rotate in the forward direction. The lead screw 20 is threaded with the slide 4. The slide 4 is restricted by the guide rail and cannot rotate. It can only move forward along the bed direction to complete the turning feed. When the carriage 4 reaches the end point, the triggering mechanism applies an axial thrust to the disk 27, causing it to overcome the elastic force of the compression spring 30 and move to the left. The second gear ring 28 disengages from the first gear ring 24, and the third gear ring 29 meshes with the fourth gear ring 31. At this time, the rotating shaft 21 still maintains its original rotation direction, but the power path changes to: rotating shaft 21, sliding column 2701, disk 27, third gear ring 29, fourth gear ring 31, gear 32, gear 4, and then transmits to gear 5. Since gear 4, as an intermediate wheel, changes direction once, the lead screw 20 rotates in the opposite direction.

[0037] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the triggering mechanism includes a fixed frame 35 and a swing rod 36. The fixed frame 35 is fixed on the worktable 2. A spindle 37 is rotatably mounted on the fixed frame 35. One end of the swing rod 36 is fixedly connected to the spindle 37. The other end of the swing rod 36 is fixedly mounted with a push rod 38 corresponding to the disc 27. A column 39 is fixedly mounted on the swing arm 36, and a column 40 is fixedly mounted on the fixing frame 35. The column 39 and the column 40 are connected by a hook spring 41. The elastic force of the hook spring 41 is greater than that of the compression spring 30. A limit post 42 is fixedly mounted on the fixing frame 35. Under the action of the hook spring 41, the swing arm 36 abuts against the limit post 42. A reversing rod 43 is fixedly mounted on the slide 4, and the reversing rod 43 corresponds to the swing arm 36. When the swing arm 36 is deflected by the reversing rod 43 on the slide 4 and exceeds the maximum tension of the hook spring 41, the swing arm 36 will deflect rapidly to push the disc 27 to slide on the rotating shaft 21, so that the second toothed ring 28 separates from the first toothed ring 24, and the third toothed ring 29 meshes with the fourth toothed ring 31.

[0038] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 7The hook spring 41 is hung at both ends between the upright 39 of the swing lever 36 and the vertical rod 40 of the fixed frame 35, and the elastic force is greater than that of the compression spring 30, so that the swing lever 36 is always pulled to the limiting column 42 and closely adheres to it, at this time, the push rod 38 at the other end of the swing lever 36 keeps a small gap with the disc 27, and the disc 27 is in the left position under the action of the compression spring 30, the second tooth ring 28 is engaged with the first tooth ring 24, and the slide frame 4 is positively fed; With the forward movement of the turning lever 43, the slide frame 4 gradually approaches the swing lever 36, when the turning lever 43 contacts the swing lever 36, the slide frame 4 continuously moves forward and exerts a gradually increasing pushing force on the swing lever 36, the force forms a torque through the mandrel 37, the hook spring 41 is stretched and the stored energy is continuously increased, but the swing lever 36 is still constrained in the initial position by the spring tension; When the slide frame 4 reaches the set end point, the torque of the turning lever 43 on the swing lever 36 just exceeds the maximum stretching limit of the hook spring 41, the spring is instantly "over the center" and loses the constraint, the stored elastic potential energy is immediately released, the swing lever 36 quickly deflects around the mandrel 37, and the push rod 38 pushes the disc 27 to move left in an impact manner; The disc 27 slides left along the sliding groove 2101 under the impact pushing force, the second tooth ring 28 is disengaged from the first tooth ring 24, the third tooth ring 29 is engaged with the fourth tooth ring 31, and the screw rod 20 is immediately rotated in the reverse direction, and the slide frame 4 starts to return.

[0039] As a further scheme of the present application, the transmission structure comprises a transmission shaft 44 rotatably arranged on the fixed frame 35, one end of the transmission shaft 44 is coaxially fixedly provided with a fifth bevel gear 45, and the mandrel 37 is coaxially fixedly provided with a sixth bevel gear 46 which is in mesh with the fifth bevel gear 45; The other end of the transmission shaft 44 is coaxially fixedly provided with a seventh bevel gear 47, and the rotating lever 12 is coaxially fixedly provided with an eighth bevel gear 48 which is in mesh with the seventh bevel gear 47.

[0040] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 6 and Figure 7 When the swing lever 36 is instantaneously deflected around the mandrel 37 under the pushing of the turning lever 43, the mandrel 37 is synchronously rotated, and the sixth bevel gear 46 on the mandrel 37 takes the angular displacement as the input power; The sixth bevel gear 46 is in mesh with the fifth bevel gear 45, the rotation of the mandrel 37 is converted into the rotation of the transmission shaft 44, and the transmission shaft 44 is supported by the fixed frame 35 and only rotates without axial movement; The seventh bevel gear 47 at the end of the transmission shaft 44 is in mesh with the eighth bevel gear 48, and the transmission shaft 44 drives the rotating lever 12 to rotate, so that the rotating lever 12 obtains a rotation angle which strictly corresponds to the deflection angle of the mandrel 37; The rotation of the rotating rod 12 is transmitted to the sleeve 14 through the groove 1201 and the convex column 1401 structure described previously, and then drives the threaded rod 11 through the two-stage bevel gear pair, and finally makes the slide 13 drive the turning tool 3 to move a preset distance towards the center of the cylinder.

[0041] A turning method of the hydraulic pump cylinder using the numerical control turning lathe described above, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: Step one: establish a reference, clamp the hydraulic pump cylinder on the clamping rotating mechanism, and rotate the tail vertebrae into position according to the length of the cylinder. The motor drives the jaw chuck to rotate at a constant speed through the toothed belt, so that the cylinder obtains a constant rotary reference. Step two: forward turning, the motor drives the screw rod to rotate forward through the rotating shaft, disc, second tooth ring, first tooth ring, first gear, and second gear, the slide drives the turning tool to turn the first segment of the cylinder at the initial cutting depth, and the trigger mechanism is in the standby state. Step three: travel triggering, when the slide reaches the set end point and the turning tool just leaves the workpiece surface, the reversing lever pushes the swing lever to overcome the hook spring and deflects at the instant of over-center, the push rod moves the disc to the left, the second tooth ring is disengaged from the first tooth ring, the third tooth ring is engaged with the fourth tooth ring, the screw rod immediately reverses, and the slide begins to return at high speed, while the mandrel rotates synchronously with the swing lever. Step four: tool compensation, the rotation of the mandrel is transmitted to the rotating rod through the sixth bevel gear, fifth bevel gear, transmission shaft, seventh bevel gear, and eighth bevel gear, and then the rotating rod drives the sleeve to rotate through the groove and convex column, and then drives the threaded rod to rotate in place through the second bevel gear, first bevel gear, transmission rod, third bevel gear, and fourth bevel gear, so that the slide drives the turning tool to feed a preset distance towards the center of the cylinder, completing the automatic setting of the next cutting depth.

[0042] It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present application is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present application. Therefore, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description, and all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are intended to be included in the present application. Any reference signs in the claims should not be considered as limiting the claims involved.

[0043] In addition, it should be understood that although the present specification is described in terms of embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution, and the description of the specification is only for the sake of clarity, and those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that those skilled in the art can understand.

Claims

1. A CNC lathe for machining hydraulic pumps, comprising a lathe housing, a worktable, and a cutting tool, characterized in that, The worktable is fixedly installed inside the lathe housing. The worktable is equipped with a clamping and rotating mechanism, which can clamp and rotate both ends of hydraulic pump cylinders of different sizes to be processed. A slide is slidably mounted on the worktable along its length, and the cutting tool is mounted on the slide via an adjustment assembly. The worktable is equipped with a drive mechanism, which is connected to the slide. When the drive mechanism is running, the slide will drive the cutting tool to move and turn along the length of the hydraulic pump cylinder to be processed. The workbench is equipped with a triggering mechanism, which cooperates with the slide and the drive mechanism respectively. When the slide drives the cutting tool away from the hydraulic pump cylinder, the slide will drive the triggering mechanism to move. The triggering mechanism will interact with the drive mechanism to make the slide return. The adjustment component is connected to the triggering mechanism through a transmission structure. During the operation of the triggering mechanism, the adjustment component is driven by the transmission structure to move the cutting tool a preset distance toward the center of the hydraulic pump cylinder to be processed.

2. The CNC lathe for machining hydraulic pumps according to claim 1, characterized in that, The clamping and rotating mechanism includes a jaw chuck and a tail cone. The jaw chuck is rotatably disposed at one end of the worktable, and the tail cone is threaded at the other end of the worktable and corresponds to the jaw chuck. A motor is fixedly mounted on the workbench, and a first pulley is coaxially fixedly mounted on the output end of the motor. A second pulley is coaxially fixedly mounted on the chuck, and the first pulley and the second pulley are connected by a toothed belt.

3. The CNC lathe for machining hydraulic pumps according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjustment assembly includes a threaded rod and a rotating rod. The threaded rod is rotatably mounted on the slide along the length direction perpendicular to the worktable, and the rotating rod is rotatably mounted on the worktable along the length direction of the worktable. A slide block is slidably disposed on the slide frame, the slide block is threadedly engaged with the threaded rod, the cutting tool is fixedly disposed on the slide block, and a sleeve is rotatably disposed on the slide frame, the sleeve being slidably sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating rod.

4. A CNC lathe for machining hydraulic pumps according to claim 3, characterized in that, A transmission rod is rotatably mounted on the slide, and a first bevel gear and a third bevel gear are coaxially fixed at both ends of the transmission rod, respectively. A second bevel gear that meshes with the first bevel gear is fixedly mounted on the sleeve, and a fourth bevel gear that meshes with the third bevel gear is fixedly mounted on the threaded rod. The outer wall of the rotating rod is provided with a groove along its length, and a protrusion is fixedly provided inside the sleeve. The protrusion is located in the groove and is slidably engaged.

5. A CNC lathe for machining hydraulic pumps according to claim 4, characterized in that, The drive mechanism includes a lead screw, a rotating shaft, and a motor. The lead screw and the rotating shaft are rotatably mounted on the worktable along the length of the worktable. The motor is fixedly mounted on the worktable and its output end is coaxially and fixedly connected to one end of the rotating shaft. The slide is threadedly engaged with the lead screw. A retaining ring is coaxially fixed on the rotating shaft, and a disc is slidably sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating shaft. A second toothed ring and a third toothed ring are coaxially fixed on both sides of the disc, respectively. A sliding groove is provided on the outer wall of the rotating shaft along its length direction, and a sliding column is fixedly provided on the inner wall of the disc. The sliding column is located in the sliding groove and is slidably engaged.

6. A CNC lathe for machining hydraulic pumps according to claim 5, characterized in that, A first gear ring is rotatably mounted on the worktable. The first gear ring is coaxially located on one side of the disk. A first gear is coaxially fixed on the first gear ring. A second gear that meshes with the first gear is coaxially fixed on the lead screw. A compression spring is fitted on the outer wall of the rotating shaft. The two ends of the compression spring abut against the retaining ring and the disc, respectively, so as to drive the second toothed ring to always mesh with the first toothed ring.

7. A CNC lathe for machining hydraulic pumps according to claim 6, characterized in that, A fourth gear ring is rotatably mounted on the worktable. The fourth gear ring is coaxially located on the other side of the disk. A third gear is coaxially fixed on the fourth gear ring. A fifth gear is coaxially fixed on the lead screw. A fourth gear is rotatably mounted on the worktable, meshing with the third gear and the fifth gear respectively. When the disk is subjected to external force, it causes the second toothed ring to separate from the first toothed ring, and the third toothed ring to mesh with the fourth toothed ring. At this time, the compression spring is further compressed, and the lead screw will switch from forward rotation to reverse rotation.

8. A CNC lathe for machining hydraulic pumps according to claim 6, characterized in that, The triggering mechanism includes a fixed frame and a swing arm. The fixed frame is fixed to the worktable, and a spindle is rotatably mounted on the fixed frame. One end of the swing arm is fixedly connected to the spindle, and the other end of the swing arm is fixedly mounted with a push rod corresponding to the disc. A column is fixedly mounted on the swing arm, and a pole is fixedly mounted on the fixed frame. The column and the pole are connected by a hook spring. The elastic force of the hook spring is greater than that of the compression spring. A limit post is fixedly mounted on the fixed frame. Under the action of the hook spring, the swing arm abuts against the limit post. A reversing rod is fixedly mounted on the slide, and the reversing rod corresponds to the swing arm. When the rocker arm is deflected by the reversing rod on the carriage and exceeds the maximum tension of the hook spring, the rocker arm will deflect rapidly to push the disc to slide on the rotating shaft, causing the second toothed ring to separate from the first toothed ring and the third toothed ring to mesh with the fourth toothed ring.

9. A CNC lathe for machining hydraulic pumps according to claim 8, characterized in that, The transmission structure includes a transmission shaft rotatably mounted on the fixed frame, a No. 5 bevel gear coaxially fixed at one end of the transmission shaft, and a No. 6 bevel gear coaxially fixed on the spindle, meshing with the No. 5 bevel gear. A No. 7 bevel gear is coaxially fixed at the other end of the drive shaft, and an No. 8 bevel gear that meshes with the No. 7 bevel gear is coaxially fixed on the rotating rod.

10. A method for turning a hydraulic pump cylinder block using a CNC lathe for machining hydraulic pumps as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Establish a reference. The hydraulic pump cylinder body is clamped in the clamping and rotating mechanism. The tail cone is rotated in and positioned according to the length of the cylinder body. The motor drives the jaw chuck to rotate at a constant speed via the toothed belt, so that the cylinder body obtains a constant rotation reference. Step 2: Forward turning. The motor drives the lead screw to rotate forward via the shaft, disc, second gear ring, first gear ring, first gear, and second gear. The carriage drives the cutting tool to turn the first section of the outer circle of the cylinder with the initial depth of cut. The triggering mechanism is in the ready-to-trigger state. Step 3: Stroke triggering. When the carriage reaches the set endpoint and the cutting tool just leaves the workpiece surface, the reversing rod pushes the rocker arm to overcome the momentary deflection of the hook spring past the center. The push rod impacts the disc and moves to the left. The second toothed ring disengages from the first toothed ring, and the third toothed ring meshes with the fourth toothed ring. The lead screw immediately reverses direction, and the carriage begins its high-speed return stroke. At the same time, the spindle rotates synchronously with the rocker arm. Step 4: Tool compensation synchronization. The rotation of the mandrel is transmitted to the rotating rod via bevel gear No. 6, bevel gear No. 5, drive shaft, bevel gear No. 7, and bevel gear No.

8. The rotating rod drives the sleeve to rotate via the groove and the convex post. Then, it drives the threaded rod to rotate in place via bevel gear No. 2, bevel gear No. 1, drive rod, bevel gear No. 3, and bevel gear No.

4. This causes the slide to drive the cutting tool to feed a preset distance slightly towards the center of the cylinder, completing the automatic setting of the next cutting depth.

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