Rapid part positioning and aligning method based on positioning auxiliary balls

Abstract

The invention relates to a quick part positioning and aligning method based on positioning auxiliary balls, belongs to the technical field of part machining and positioning, and solves the problems of low positioning and aligning efficiency and poor precision of complex parts. The method comprises the steps that 1, positioning auxiliary balls are pasted on the surface of a to-be-machined workpiece; 2, 3D scanning is conducted on the to-be-machined workpiece pasted with the positioning auxiliary ball, and a scanning model is obtained; 3, comparing the scanning model with an original design model, and determining a first coordinate of the positioning auxiliary ball on the original design model; 4, the workpiece to be machined is arranged on the machine tool; step 5, acquiring a second coordinate of the positioning auxiliary ball in the machine tool coordinate system; and 6, the position of the to-be-machined workpiece on the machine tool is adjusted, and the second coordinates of the positioning auxiliary balls coincide with the first coordinates. Positioning and alignment of multi-face machining can be completed through one-time clamping, and the efficiency and precision of positioning and alignment are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of parts machining positioning technology, and in particular to a method for rapid positioning and alignment of parts based on a positioning auxiliary ball. Background Technology

[0002] Complex parts manufactured using processes such as 3D printing, casting, and rough machining often present challenges in positioning and alignment during processing due to their high surface roughness and irregular structure. Current technologies typically address this by using pre-designed chucks or easily identifiable part features as references, requiring the machining of a datum surface followed by secondary positioning and alignment based on that surface. This method suffers from drawbacks such as multiple clamping operations, numerous datum transfer steps, and long dimensional chains, easily leading to accumulated deviations and severely impacting part machining accuracy and production efficiency.

[0003] To address the aforementioned shortcomings, this invention proposes a positioning and alignment scheme based on a positioning auxiliary ball. This scheme achieves precise positioning by utilizing the spherical features of the auxiliary ball, and, in conjunction with a high-degree-of-freedom clamping fixture, solves the problems of low efficiency and poor accuracy in positioning and alignment of complex parts. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on the above analysis, the embodiments of the present invention aim to provide a method for rapid positioning and alignment of parts based on a positioning auxiliary ball, which solves one of the problems in the prior art that requires multiple clamping, multiple reference transfer links, or positional deviations that lead to inaccurate machining.

[0005] This invention provides a method for rapid positioning and alignment of parts based on a positioning auxiliary ball, which includes the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: Attach positioning auxiliary balls to the surface of the workpiece to be processed;

[0007] Step 2: Perform a 3D scan on the workpiece to be processed with the positioning auxiliary ball attached thereon to obtain a scanned model;

[0008] Step 3: Obtain the original design model of the workpiece to be processed, and compare the scanned model with the original design model to determine the first coordinate of the positioning auxiliary ball on the original design model;

[0009] Step 4: Place the workpiece with the positioning auxiliary ball attached onto the machine tool;

[0010] Step 5: Obtain the second coordinates of the positioning auxiliary sphere in the machine tool coordinate system;

[0011] Step 6: Adjust the position of the workpiece to be processed on the machine tool so that the second coordinate of the positioning auxiliary ball coincides with the first coordinate.

[0012] Furthermore, it also includes step 3.1 of constructing a design reference coordinate system, with the center of a certain reference surface of the design model as the origin O, the two perpendicular edges of the reference surface as the X-axis and Y-axis, and the direction perpendicular to the reference surface as the Z-axis, to establish an XYZ rectangular coordinate system.

[0013] Furthermore, it also includes step 3.2 of placing the scanned model into the design reference coordinate system so that the scanned model completely covers the original design mold.

[0014] Furthermore, in step 6, by adjusting the height of the support fixture on the machine tool, the Z-axis coordinate value of the positioning auxiliary ball in the second coordinate system is consistent with the Z-axis coordinate value in the first coordinate system.

[0015] Furthermore, in step 6, the support turntable of the machine tool is rotated so that the X-axis and Y-axis coordinate values ​​of the positioning auxiliary ball in the second coordinate system are consistent with the X-axis and Y-axis coordinate values ​​in the first coordinate system.

[0016] Furthermore, step 4 includes step 4.1, which involves setting a clamping auxiliary ball on the workpiece to be processed.

[0017] Furthermore, step 4 also includes step 4.2, which is the step of adjusting the position of the ball head clamping seat on the machine tool.

[0018] Furthermore, step 4 also includes step 4.3, which involves setting the clamping auxiliary ball onto the ball head clamping seat.

[0019] Furthermore, in step 1, four positioning auxiliary balls are attached to the surface of the workpiece to be processed.

[0020] Furthermore, it also includes step 7, verifying the accuracy of the position of the workpiece on the machine tool.

[0021] In another aspect, the present invention provides a rapid positioning and alignment device for parts based on a positioning auxiliary ball, which uses the above-mentioned positioning and alignment method to position and align parts.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention can achieve at least one of the following beneficial effects:

[0023] (1) The present invention describes a method for rapid positioning and alignment of parts based on a positioning auxiliary ball. The method involves attaching a positioning auxiliary ball to the workpiece and obtaining a scanned model by combining 3D scanning. Using the original design model as a reference, the scanned model and the design model are accurately matched in such a way that the workpiece completely covers the original design model. This determines the theoretical position of the positioning auxiliary ball in the design reference coordinate system, i.e., the first coordinate. After placing the workpiece on the machine tool, the actual position of the positioning auxiliary ball in the machine tool coordinate system, i.e., the second coordinate, is obtained. The tooling and the turntable are adjusted to make the two sets of coordinates coincide, thereby achieving rapid and accurate positioning. This significantly shortens the alignment time and improves processing efficiency and accuracy. By quickly aligning the position of the workpiece on the machine tool, high-precision cutting can be performed on the workpiece at this position according to the design mold, ensuring that the finished product is highly consistent with the design model. At the same time, this method reduces the dependence on the operator's experience, improves the process repeatability and automation level, and is suitable for efficient production scenarios of complex parts with multiple varieties and small batches.

[0024] (2) The method for rapid positioning and alignment of parts based on positioning auxiliary ball described in this invention can complete the precise positioning of multi-face processing in one clamping, avoid repeated disassembly and realignment, effectively reduce cumulative errors, improve overall processing accuracy and stability, and is especially suitable for irregular parts with complex structure and difficult positioning, significantly improving production efficiency and equipment utilization.

[0025] (3) The present invention provides a method for rapid positioning and alignment of parts based on a positioning auxiliary ball. A positioning auxiliary ball for detection is set on the workpiece to be processed. The positioning auxiliary ball for detection can realize rapid verification of the position of the workpiece after clamping. Combined with 3D scanning and coordinate comparison, deviations can be detected and compensated in time, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the processing datum. This process does not require additional special detection equipment, reduces detection costs, improves detection efficiency, and provides reliable data support for subsequent automated processing and online quality monitoring.

[0026] In this invention, the above-described technical solutions can be combined with each other to achieve more preferred combinations. Other features and advantages of this invention will be set forth in the following description, and some advantages may become apparent from the description or be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of this invention can be realized and obtained from what is particularly pointed out in the description and drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0027] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same parts.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the rapid part positioning and alignment method based on a positioning auxiliary ball as described in Example 1;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the rapid part positioning and alignment method based on a positioning auxiliary ball as described in Example 2;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the rapid part alignment device in Example 3;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the ball head clamping seat and clamping guide rail in Example 3;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the ball head clamping seat and support fixture in Example 3.

[0033] Figure label:

[0034] 1-Positioning auxiliary ball, 2-Clamping auxiliary ball, 21-Adhesive end, 22-Connecting rod, 23-Auxiliary ball, 3-Workpiece to be processed, 4-Ball head clamping seat, 41-First slider, 411-Clamping block A, 412-Clamping block B, 413-First clamping block fastening bolt, 414-First clamping block top bolt, 415-First fastening nut, 42-Second slider, 421-Clamping block C, 422-Clamping block D, 423-Second clamping block fastening bolt, 424- Second clamping block tightening bolt, 425-Second fastening nut, 5-Clamping guide rail, 51-Main frame, 511-Arm, 512-First slide rail, 513-Second slide rail, 6-Support fixture, 61-Support screw, 611-Positioning ball head, 62-Screw support, 621-Lower end connector, 622-Flange fixing plate, 623-Support rod, 7-Support turntable, 71-Bottom fixing platform, 72-Upper rotating platform, 721-T-slot, 8-Fitting base. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which constitute a part of the present invention and are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to illustrate the principles of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] This invention provides a method for rapid positioning and alignment of parts based on a positioning auxiliary ball. This embodiment aims to solve the problems of low positioning accuracy and poor processing efficiency caused by the need for multiple clamping and numerous reference transfer steps in existing technologies. Figure 1 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0038] Step 1: Attach positioning auxiliary balls 1 to the surface of the workpiece 3 to be processed;

[0039] Step 2: Perform a 3D scan on the workpiece 3 to be processed with the positioning auxiliary ball 1 attached thereon to obtain a scan model; the scan model is the workpiece 3 to be processed and the scan model of the positioning auxiliary ball 1 attached thereon.

[0040] Step 3: Obtain the original design model of the workpiece 3 to be processed, and compare the scanned model with the original design model to determine the first coordinate of the positioning auxiliary ball 1 on the original design model;

[0041] Step 4: Place the workpiece 3, with the positioning auxiliary ball 1 attached, onto the machine tool;

[0042] Step 5: Obtain the second coordinates of the positioning auxiliary sphere 1 in the machine tool coordinate system;

[0043] Step 6: Adjust the position of the workpiece 3 on the machine tool so that the second coordinate of the positioning auxiliary ball 1 coincides with the first coordinate.

[0044] In the rapid part positioning and alignment method based on a positioning auxiliary ball described in this invention, a reference datum is established between the scanned model and the original design model using the positioning auxiliary ball 1. Compared with traditional methods such as manual scribing and table alignment, this significantly improves the accuracy of positioning and alignment. The combination of 3D scanning and model comparison can quickly lock the design coordinates of the positioning auxiliary ball 1, and then the adjustment is completed through coordinate matching in the machine tool coordinate system, avoiding subjective errors from manual operation. At the same time, the entire process does not require complex tooling fixture adaptation, making it more flexible in adapting to different structural workpieces 3, significantly shortening the positioning and alignment time, and improving the efficiency of machining preparation.

[0045] The positioning auxiliary ball 1 is the basis for rapid positioning and alignment. The positional relationship of the positioning auxiliary ball 1 on the workpiece 3 directly affects the accuracy of coordinate system fitting and the stability of alignment.

[0046] Step 1 specifically involves arranging four positioning auxiliary balls 1 on the outer end face of the workpiece 3 according to its structure and processing characteristics, ensuring that every three positioning auxiliary balls 1 can independently determine a plane to achieve the positioning of the workpiece 3. The positioning auxiliary balls 1 are bonded to the outer end face of the workpiece 3 with adhesive.

[0047] To provide a unified reference for comparing the scanning model and the design model and to achieve accurate coordinate mapping, this embodiment further includes the step of constructing a design reference coordinate system, which is as follows:

[0048] Step 3.1 Construct a design reference coordinate system. Take the center of a reference plane of the design model as the origin O, the two perpendicular edges of the reference plane as the X-axis and Y-axis, and the direction perpendicular to the reference plane as the Z-axis to establish an XYZ rectangular coordinate system.

[0049] Constructing a design datum coordinate system provides a unified and standardized datum framework for determining the coordinates of the positioning auxiliary sphere 1, avoiding coordinate calculation deviations caused by unclear datums. By setting the center of the design model's datum surface as the origin and the two perpendicular edges of the datum surface as the X and Y axes, the design datum of the part is directly aligned, ensuring that the first coordinate of the positioning auxiliary sphere 1 is accurately mapped to the design datum coordinate system. This unified datum design lays the foundation for accurate comparison between the subsequent scanning model and the design model, further improving the accuracy and stability of the entire positioning and alignment process, and is particularly suitable for high-precision machining scenarios with stringent datum requirements.

[0050] To further address the issues of spatial alignment failure between the scanned model and the original design model, insufficient material allowance for the workpiece, or deviation in the positioning datum mapping, this embodiment further includes the following steps:

[0051] Step 3.2 Place the scanned model into the design reference coordinate system so that the scanned model completely covers the original design mold.

[0052] Placing the scanned model in the design reference coordinate system and ensuring it completely covers the original design model effectively eliminates the misalignment problem between the scanned model and the design model in the coordinate system. Simultaneously, with the scanned model completely covering the original design mold, that is, when the workpiece 3 is in its current position, processing the workpiece 3 can completely remove material according to the processing path of the original design model, obtaining the final desired product. Under the above conditions, the first coordinate of the positioning auxiliary ball 1 in the design reference coordinate system is determined.

[0053] To further address the technical problems of difficult clamping and positioning of complex parts, easy inaccuracy of the datum, or lack of support for subsequent coordinate adjustments, this embodiment also includes the following step: Step 4: Setting the workpiece 3 to be processed, with the positioning auxiliary ball 1 attached, onto the machine tool; specifically, it also includes:

[0054] Step 4.1, setting the clamping auxiliary ball 2 on the workpiece 3 to be processed.

[0055] Step 4.2, adjusting the position of the ball head clamping seat 4 on the machine tool.

[0056] Step 4.3 is the step of setting the clamping auxiliary ball 2 onto the ball head clamping seat 4.

[0057] Based on the clamping auxiliary ball 2 pasted on the surface of the workpiece 3, adjust the position of the ball head clamping seat 4 installed on the clamping guide rail 5, install the clamping auxiliary ball 2 into the corresponding ball head clamping seat 4, install the clamping auxiliary ball 2 into the spherical groove between the clamping block and the clamping block, tighten the clamping block fastening bolt, and at the same time tighten the clamping block top bolt, thereby realizing the installation and fixation of the workpiece 3 on the clamping guide rail 5.

[0058] Furthermore, the number of auxiliary balls 2 is 3.

[0059] Further, step 5: Obtain the second coordinates of the positioning auxiliary ball 1 in the machine tool coordinate system; after installing the workpiece 3 with the positioning auxiliary ball 1 attached onto the machine tool, establish the machine tool coordinate system with the base of the machine tool as the reference, and determine the second coordinates of the positioning auxiliary ball 1 in the machine tool coordinate system.

[0060] To further address technical issues such as misalignment between the actual and designed orientation of the workpiece, failure of machining datum transfer, or difficulty in multi-dimensional positioning of complex parts, this embodiment further includes the following step: Step 6 adjusts the position of the workpiece 3 on the machine tool so that the second coordinate of the positioning auxiliary ball 1 coincides with the first coordinate. Step 6 includes the following steps:

[0061] By adjusting the height of the support fixture 6 on the machine tool, the Z-axis coordinate value of the positioning auxiliary ball 1 in the second coordinate system is made consistent with the Z-axis coordinate value in the first coordinate system. The heights of the three support screws 61 are adjusted. Simultaneously, considering that the projected distance between the three support points on the XOY plane changes when adjusting the positions of the three support screws 61, the position of the ball head clamping seat 4 mounted on the fixture support 6 relative to the clamping guide rail 5, and the position of the fixture support relative to the support turntable 7, need to be finely adjusted to ensure no interference occurs. The support turntable 7 of the machine tool is rotated so that the X-axis and Y-axis coordinate values ​​of the positioning auxiliary ball 1 in the second coordinate system are consistent with the X-axis and Y-axis coordinate values ​​in the first coordinate system.

[0062] Furthermore, it also includes step 7, verifying the accuracy of the position of the workpiece 3 on the machine tool.

[0063] Example 2

[0064] Based on Embodiment 1, this embodiment further addresses the technical problem of inaccurate processing caused by positional deviation in the prior art. To solve the above problem, this embodiment uses a positioning auxiliary ball 1 to verify whether the setting position of the workpiece 3 on the machine tool is accurate.

[0065] During the process of setting the workpiece 3 onto the machine tool, or in other operational steps, the position of the positioning auxiliary ball 1 pasted on the surface of the workpiece 3 may change. If this change of position occurs before obtaining the scan model in step 2, it will not affect the final positioning result; if this change of position occurs after obtaining the scan model in step 2, it will affect the part alignment result.

[0066] The rapid part alignment method described in this embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, the specific steps are as follows:

[0067] Step 1: Attach 4 positioning auxiliary balls 1 to the surface of the workpiece 3 to be processed;

[0068] Step 2: Perform a 3D scan on the workpiece 3 to be processed with the positioning auxiliary ball 1 attached thereon to obtain a scanned model;

[0069] Step 3: Obtain the original design model of the workpiece 3 to be processed, and compare the scanned model with the original design model to determine the first coordinates of the positioning auxiliary ball 1 on the original design model; obtain the first coordinates of the four positioning auxiliary balls 1;

[0070] Step 4: Place the workpiece 3, with the positioning auxiliary ball 1 attached, onto the machine tool;

[0071] Step 5: Obtain the second coordinates of the positioning auxiliary ball 1 in the machine tool coordinate system; obtain the second coordinates of the four positioning auxiliary balls 1.

[0072] Step 6: Adjust the position of the workpiece 3 to be processed on the machine tool so that the second coordinate of the positioning auxiliary ball 1 coincides with the first coordinate; specifically, make the second coordinate of the three positioning auxiliary balls 1 coincide with the first coordinate of the corresponding three positioning auxiliary balls 1.

[0073] According to the correspondence, when the second coordinates of the two positioning auxiliary balls 1 coincide with the first coordinates of the corresponding two positioning auxiliary balls 1, and the second coordinate of the third positioning auxiliary ball 1 does not coincide with the first coordinate of the corresponding third positioning auxiliary ball 1, then step 7, the verification step, needs to be performed.

[0074] Step 7: Verify the accuracy of the position of the workpiece 3 on the machine tool. Obtain the second coordinate of the fourth positioning auxiliary ball 1 and the first coordinate of the positioning auxiliary ball 1. If the second coordinate of the fourth positioning auxiliary ball 1 coincides with the first coordinate, then the position of the workpiece 3 on the machine tool is verified to meet the processing requirements; if the second coordinate of the fourth positioning auxiliary ball 1 does not coincide with the first coordinate, then the position of the workpiece 3 on the machine tool is verified to not meet the processing requirements.

[0075] Example 3

[0076] This embodiment provides a rapid part alignment device for use in the rapid part positioning and alignment method described in Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2, to achieve efficient and accurate positioning of the workpiece 3 to be processed.

[0077] like Figure 3 As shown, the rapid alignment device for parts described in this embodiment includes a positioning auxiliary ball 1, a clamping auxiliary ball 2, a workpiece to be processed 3, a ball head clamping seat 4, a clamping guide rail 5, a supporting fixture 6, a supporting turntable 7, and a fixture base 8.

[0078] As the bottom-level load-bearing component of the entire positioning fixture system, the tooling base 8 supports the turntable 7, which is rotatably mounted on the tooling base 8 and placed on the machine tool's worktable. The tooling base 8 provides a rigid foundation reference for the entire device, and its flat top surface ensures the horizontality of the support turntable 7. At the same time, its heavy structure can offset the vibration during the clamping and adjustment of the workpiece 3, avoiding positioning accuracy deviations caused by unstable foundations. It is a stable platform for the installation and adjustment of all subsequent components.

[0079] To further ensure the support function of the workpiece 3 to be processed, and to realize the adjustment of the X and Y axis coordinates of the workpiece 1 in the second coordinate system of the machine tool, the support turntable 7 has a rotatable structure, specifically:

[0080] The supporting rotary table 7 includes a bottom fixed platform 71 and an upper rotating platform 72. The bottom fixed platform 71 is mounted on the tooling base 8. The upper rotating platform 72 is connected to the bottom fixed platform 71 through a rotating mechanism, enabling free rotation in the horizontal plane. The rotating mechanism includes a servo motor and a gear set to ensure precise control of the rotation angle and repeatability of the positioning. The servo motor receives instructions from the CNC system to drive the precision gear set, which in turn drives the upper rotating platform 72 to rotate at a set angle, thereby adjusting the orientation angle of the workpiece 3. The servo motor drives the gear set to rotate, which in turn drives the upper rotating platform 72 to rotate precisely at a preset angle, thereby achieving precise orientation adjustment of the workpiece 3 in the horizontal plane. During the rotation, the encoder provides real-time feedback of the rotation angle to the CNC system, forming a closed-loop control to ensure that the rotation positioning error is less than 0.01°. When the upper rotating platform 72 reaches the target angle, the braking device automatically locks the rotating mechanism to prevent positional deviation caused by cutting forces during processing. The upper rotating table 72 is provided with a support fixture 6 for carrying the workpiece 3 to be processed. Its top surface is provided with a T-slot 721, which is arranged in a matrix on the top surface of the upper rotating table 72.

[0081] The upper rotating table 72 of the supporting rotary table 7 has the function of rotating around its own vertical axis. During the positioning and adjustment stage, the tooling support, clamping guide rail 5 and workpiece 3 above can be rotated synchronously by rotating the table surface, thereby adjusting the X and Y axis coordinates of the positioning auxiliary ball 1 on the workpiece 3 in the machine tool coordinate system. With the height adjustment of the support screw 61, the second coordinate of the positioning auxiliary ball 1 is aligned with the first coordinate in the XY plane. It is the core execution component for positioning and adjustment in the XY direction.

[0082] To more accurately adjust the Z-axis height of the workpiece 3 in the machine tool's coordinate system, an adjustable support fixture 6 is installed on the support rotary table 7; for example... Figure 5The supporting fixture 6 includes a supporting screw 61, a screw support 62, and fixture support fastening bolts. The screw support 62 is disposed in a T-slot 721 on the top surface of the upper rotating platform 72. The screw support 62 includes a lower end connector 621, a flange fixing plate 622, and a support rod 623. The lower end connector 621 is disposed in the T-slot 721 and can move and be positioned along the groove direction within the T-slot 721. The flange fixing plate 622 is fastened to the top surface of the upper rotating platform 72 by the fixture support fastening bolts. The support rod 623 is vertically disposed on the upper rotating platform 72. The support rod 623 is a hollow round tube with one end open, and the inner wall of the support rod 623 is provided with The support screw 61 is threaded and screwed into the inner thread of the support rod 623. By rotating and adjusting the height of the support screw, the vertical lifting of the top positioning point of the tooling support can be achieved, with an adjustment accuracy of up to 0.01mm. Multiple tooling supports can be adjusted in coordination to compensate for the parallelism error between the bottom surface of the workpiece 3 and the rotating table surface. The upper end of the support screw 61 is provided with a positioning ball head 611, which is matched and set in the first groove of the first slider 41 on the clamping guide rail 5 to achieve precise positioning. The ball head and the first groove are in point contact, which effectively eliminates the assembly stress caused by over-positioning and ensures that the degree of freedom of the clamping guide rail 5 is controllable during the spatial posture adjustment process.

[0083] Furthermore, multiple support fixtures 6 are included. For example, three support fixtures 6 are arranged in a triangular layout and distributed within the projection range of the center of gravity of the workpiece 3 to ensure balanced support force. The positioning ball head 611 of each support fixture 6 makes point contact with the corresponding groove of the clamping guide rail 5, forming a three-point positioning system in space, which greatly reduces the deformation error caused by multi-point constraints. Three support screws 61 are evenly distributed along the surface of the support turntable 7 to form a three-point support structure. The support screws 61 can be rotated to raise and lower in the vertical direction (Z-axis) to adjust the height of the workpiece 3, thereby matching the Z-axis coordinate of the positioning auxiliary ball 1 in the design model. After the height is adjusted to the correct position, tightening the fixture support fastening bolts can lock the position of the support screws 61, preventing the workpiece 3 from shifting in the Z-axis direction due to gravity or vibration during processing. This is the core adjustment component for Z-axis height positioning.

[0084] To improve the adjustability of the machine tool in the X, Y, and Z axes, the aforementioned clamping guide 5 is provided on the supporting fixture 6. The clamping guide 5 is provided with an arm 511, a first slide rail 512, and a second slide rail 513. By adjusting the position of the first slider 41 on the first slide rail 512 and the position of the second slider 42 on the second slide rail 513, the X, Y, and Z axis positions of the workpiece 3 to be processed are adjusted accordingly. The specific structure of the clamping guide rail 5 is as follows: the clamping guide rail 5 is set on the upper part of the support fixture 6, and the clamping guide rail 5 includes a main frame 51; the main frame 51 includes three arms 511, a first slide rail 512 and a second slide rail 513, the three arms 511 form a Y-shaped structure, the first slide rail 512 is located below the second slide rail 513, the first slider 41 is located in the first slide rail 512 and can slide along it, the second slider 42 is located in the second slide rail 513 and can slide along it; the first slider 41 is provided with a first groove for point contact with the positioning ball head 611 of the support fixture 6 to achieve precise positioning in the XY plane;

[0085] To better achieve the fixing function of the first slider 41 on the positioning ball head 611 and the fixing function of the second slider 42 on the fixing and clamping auxiliary ball 2, the specific structure is as follows: Figure 4As shown, the ball head clamping seat 4 includes a first slider 41 and a second slider 4; the first slider 41 is provided with a clamping mechanism for fixing the positioning ball head 611 of the supporting screw 61. The first slider 41 includes a clamping block A 411, a clamping block B 412, a first clamping block fastening bolt 413, a first clamping block top tightening bolt 414, and a first fastening nut 415. Curved grooves are opened at opposite positions on clamping block A 411 and clamping block B 412. When clamping block A 411 and clamping block B 412 are arranged opposite each other, the two curved grooves are spliced ​​to form a first spherical clamping cavity for clamping one end of the clamping auxiliary ball 2. The first spherical clamping cavity is set downward toward the positioning ball head 611. The clamping blocks A 411 and B 412 are arranged opposite each other. 412 is connected by the first clamping block fastening bolt 413. Adjusting the first clamping block top bolt 414 can control the clamping force, realizing reliable locking and fine-tuning release of the positioning ball head 611. The first fastening nut 415 is used to lock the adjustment state to prevent vibration and loosening. This structure provides stable mechanical constraints while ensuring point contact positioning accuracy, ensuring the position consistency of the clamping guide rail 5 in the X, Y, and Z directions, and meeting the requirements for repeatability positioning accuracy in high-precision machining. The side walls of clamping blocks A 411 and B 412 are provided with first fastening holes, which are connected to the first spherical clamping cavity, so that the screw of the first clamping block tightening bolt 414 can extend into the cavity and act on the positioning ball head 611. The clamping force can be precisely adjusted by rotating the tightening bolt, so as to achieve stress-free clamping and flexible release of the positioning ball head 611, avoiding micro-deformation or damage caused by overtightening. The first clamping block fastening bolt 413 and the first fastening nut 415 form a double anti-loosening structure, which can maintain clamping stability in a vibration environment. This design ensures high repeatability positioning accuracy between the clamping guide rail 5 and the supporting fixture 6. With the three-point support layout, it effectively suppresses multi-degree-of-freedom disturbances and improves overall rigidity.

[0086] The second slider 42 is equipped with a clamping mechanism for fixing the auxiliary ball 2. The second slider 42 includes a clamping block C 421, a clamping block D 422, a second clamping block fastening bolt 423, a second clamping block top bolt 424, and a second fastening nut 425. Curved grooves are opened at opposite positions on clamping block C 421 and clamping block B 412. When clamping block C 421 and clamping block D 422 are arranged opposite each other, the two curved grooves are spliced ​​to form a second spherical clamping cavity for clamping one end of the auxiliary ball 2. Fixed through holes are opened at opposite positions on clamping block C 421 and clamping block D 422. The second clamping block top bolt 424 passes through the fixed through holes on clamping block C 421 and clamping block D 422 and cooperates with the fixed nut to lock and release the clamping force, so as to firmly fix the auxiliary ball 2 in the second slider 42 and ensure that it does not loosen or shift during the processing. By adjusting the preload of the clamping block's top bolt, it can accommodate clamping auxiliary balls 2 of different diameters, improving adaptability and clamping reliability.

[0087] Furthermore, second fastening holes are provided on the side walls of clamping blocks C421 and D422, which connect to the second spherical clamping cavity. After the clamping auxiliary ball 2 is placed in the second spherical clamping cavity, the clamping auxiliary ball 2 is fixed between clamping blocks C421 and D422 by screwing in the clamping block tightening bolt, further enhancing clamping stability. At the same time, the axis of the second tightening bolt is aligned with the center of the second spherical clamping cavity, ensuring uniform force application and avoiding local stress concentration that could cause deformation or damage to the clamping auxiliary ball 2, thus ensuring positioning accuracy and consistency in repeated clamping. The entire support and clamping system works in concert to achieve precise positioning and reliable fixation of the workpiece 3 in space with six degrees of freedom, providing a fundamental guarantee for high-precision machining.

[0088] To enable the machine tool to match workpieces 3 with different structures and shapes, the clamping auxiliary ball 2 needs to be able to adjust the connection angle and position according to the structure of the workpiece 3. The clamping auxiliary ball 2 includes an adhesive end 21, a connecting rod 22, and an auxiliary ball 23. The adhesive end 21 and the auxiliary ball 23 are located at both ends of the connecting rod 22. The adhesive end 21 is attached to a pre-set clamping area (three in total, distributed at different positions on the outer end face of the workpiece 3) on the surface of the workpiece 3 with adhesive. The clamping area is arranged in a triangular pattern to ensure force balance and stable positioning. The connecting rod 22 is made of high-strength lightweight material, which has both rigidity and shock resistance, effectively transmitting clamping force and reducing deformation accumulation. After the auxiliary ball 23 is embedded in the second spherical clamping cavity of the second slider 42, it clamps and fixes the clamping auxiliary ball 2 to ensure that it does not shift or loosen under high-speed processing or complex stress environment. The auxiliary ball 23 and the spherical clamping cavity adopt a high-precision fit design. The contact surface is specially polished and a micro gap is reserved to facilitate quick insertion while maintaining positioning accuracy. The three clamping units are arranged in a spatial triangular distribution.

[0089] The positioning auxiliary balls 1 are glued to the outer end face of the workpiece 3. There are four positioning auxiliary balls 1, and each set of three must define a plane. The placement of the positioning auxiliary balls 1 avoids the clamping area and the machining area. The positioning auxiliary balls 1 are the core reference components for positioning and alignment. During the 3D scanning stage, the positioning auxiliary balls 1 are obvious feature points of the scanned model, quickly matching the original design model and obtaining the first coordinate. During the machine tool positioning stage, the center of each positioning auxiliary ball 1 is measured by the machine tool probe to obtain the second coordinate. Adjusting the position of the workpiece 3 so that the first and second coordinates of the first three positioning auxiliary balls 1 coincides ensures accurate positioning of the workpiece 3. The fourth positioning auxiliary ball 1 is used to verify the positioning accuracy. If the first and second coordinates of the fourth positioning auxiliary ball 1 coincide, it proves that there is no positioning deviation, avoiding machining errors caused by loose clamping or auxiliary ball displacement, and significantly improving the reliability of positioning.

[0090] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for rapid positioning and alignment of parts based on a positioning auxiliary ball, characterized in that, Step 1: Attach positioning auxiliary balls (1) to the surface of the workpiece (3) to be processed; Step 2: Perform a 3D scan on the workpiece (3) with the positioning auxiliary ball (1) attached thereon to obtain a scanned model; Step 3: Obtain the original design model of the workpiece (3) to be processed, and compare the scanned model with the original design model to determine the first coordinate of the positioning auxiliary ball (1) on the original design model; Step 4: Place the workpiece (3) with the positioning auxiliary ball (1) attached onto the machine tool; Step 5: Obtain the second coordinates of the positioning auxiliary ball (1) in the machine tool coordinate system; Step 6: Adjust the position of the workpiece (3) on the machine tool so that the second coordinate of the positioning auxiliary ball (1) coincides with the first coordinate.

2. The method for rapid positioning and alignment of parts based on a positioning auxiliary ball according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes step 3.1, which involves constructing a design reference coordinate system. The origin O is the center of a reference surface of the design model, the two perpendicular edges of the reference surface are the X-axis and Y-axis, and the direction perpendicular to the reference surface is the Z-axis. This establishes an XYZ rectangular coordinate system.

3. The method for rapid positioning and alignment of parts based on a positioning auxiliary ball according to claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes step 3.2, which places the scanned model into the design reference coordinate system so that the scanned model completely covers the original design mold.

4. The method for rapid positioning and alignment of parts based on a positioning auxiliary ball according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 6, by adjusting the height of the support fixture (6) on the machine tool, the Z-axis coordinate value of the positioning auxiliary ball (1) in the second coordinate system is consistent with the Z-axis coordinate value in the first coordinate system.

5. The method for rapid positioning and alignment of parts based on a positioning auxiliary ball according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 6, the machine tool's support turntable (7) is rotated so that the X-axis and Y-axis coordinate values ​​of the positioning auxiliary ball (1) in the second coordinate system are consistent with the X-axis and Y-axis coordinate values ​​in the first coordinate system.

6. The method for rapid positioning and alignment of parts based on a positioning auxiliary ball according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 4 includes step 4.1, which involves setting a clamping auxiliary ball (2) on the workpiece (3) to be processed.

7. The method for rapid positioning and alignment of parts based on a positioning auxiliary ball according to claim 6, characterized in that, Step 4 also includes step 4.2, which is the step of adjusting the position of the ball head clamping seat (4) on the machine tool.

8. The method for rapid positioning and alignment of parts based on a positioning auxiliary ball according to claim 7, characterized in that, Step 4 also includes step 4.3, which involves setting the clamping auxiliary ball (2) onto the ball head clamping seat (4).

9. The method for rapid positioning and alignment of parts based on a positioning auxiliary ball according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 1, four positioning auxiliary balls (1) are attached to the surface of the workpiece (3) to be processed.

10. A rapid positioning and alignment device for parts based on a positioning auxiliary ball, wherein the positioning and alignment method described in any one of claims 1 to 9 is used to position and align the parts.

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