Three-element vacuum biochemical system

Abstract

The three-element vacuum biochemical system comprises a biochemical reaction unit, a mixed feeding unit, an acid-zymophyte liquid spraying and circulating unit and a discharging unit, can be used for mixed fermentation pretreatment of livestock and poultry manure and straw, and can be suitable for a combined treatment mode of acid liquid and zymophyte liquid in a negative pressure state; lignocellulose in the straw is pretreated through straw smashing and acid liquor-bacterial liquid infiltration, the internal relation of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose is destroyed, the crystallinity of cellulose is changed, and therefore the biodigestibility and the gas production rate of the straw and livestock and poultry manure are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural waste biochemical treatment equipment, and particularly relates to a three-element vacuum biochemical system for treating agricultural waste. Background Technology

[0002] Agricultural waste mainly includes crop straw such as wheat, corn, and rice. Traditional straw disposal methods (such as burning and indiscriminate dumping) easily cause air pollution and resource waste. Anaerobic fermentation can convert cellulose and hemicellulose in straw into biogas. The remaining fermentation residue (biogas residue and biogas slurry) is a high-quality organic fertilizer, rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and organic matter. It can be directly returned to the field to improve soil fertility or processed into commercial organic fertilizer for sale, forming an agricultural cycle of "straw → biogas → organic fertilizer → crops". Lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose in straw are not easily degraded during anaerobic fermentation. To improve the degradation rate of these substances and increase the gas production per ton of straw, straw pretreatment is required. Straw pretreatment methods mainly include physical, chemical, and biological methods. Physical methods refer to treating straw by crushing and chopping, which can improve the gas production performance of anaerobic digestion to a certain extent. Chemical pretreatment methods refer to soaking straw in chemicals such as acids and alkalis. Biological methods refer to using microorganisms to degrade straw into small molecules.

[0003] Livestock waste mainly consists of manure produced during the raising of pigs, cattle, chickens, ducks, and other livestock and poultry. It contains a large amount of organic matter and nutrients. The treatment method is mostly to use anaerobic fermentation to produce biogas for resource utilization. Similarly, livestock and poultry manure also contains a certain amount of lignin and cellulose that are difficult to decompose. Pretreatment is needed to optimize fermentation conditions and improve gas production efficiency.

[0004] In existing technologies, crushed straw or manure is typically pretreated using chemical or biological methods alone, resulting in poor pretreatment effects. Furthermore, existing pretreatment systems do not integrate physical crushing devices with biochemical tanks, leading to uneven mixing of materials with acid or bacterial solutions. Subsequent mechanical stirring relies on a stirring rod, resulting in high energy consumption and material adhesion to the tank walls, failing to meet the requirements for efficient degradation. Additionally, the discharge process is prone to blockages, hindering smooth material discharge. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention addresses the technical problems of existing biochemical tanks used for the pretreatment of straw or livestock manure, which employ only chemical or biological methods for pretreatment, resulting in poor pretreatment effects and unfavorable system structures for feeding and discharging. It proposes a three-element vacuum biochemical system that is structurally stable, facilitates feeding and discharging, provides good pretreatment effects, breaks down the lignin-cellulose complex structure in manure or straw, and promotes the initial modification and degradation of lignin.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A three-element vacuum biochemical system includes a biochemical reaction unit, a mixing and feeding unit, an acid-fermentation broth spraying and circulation unit, and a discharge unit; The biochemical reaction unit includes a biochemical tank, which includes a tank body. The upper end of the tank body is provided with a conical tank top. The tank top is provided with a feed inlet and an exhaust port. The exhaust port is connected to a vacuum pump group via a pipeline. The lower part of the tank body is equipped with an air cannon arch-breaking mechanism. The air cannon arch-breaking mechanism includes an upwardly inclined nozzle. The nozzle is connected to an air compressor via a pipeline. The bottom of the tank is equipped with four conical discharge ports, and the side walls of the conical discharge ports are fitted with downward-sloping auxiliary discharge nozzles. The mixing and feeding unit includes a straw crusher and a mixing conveyor, which is connected to the feed inlet of the biochemical tank; The acid-fermentation liquid spraying circulation unit includes an acid tank, a fermentation liquid tank, and a top spraying mechanism installed inside the biochemical tank. The acid tank and the fermentation liquid tank are respectively connected to a buffer tank via a diaphragm metering pump. The buffer tank is connected to an infusion pump via a heat exchanger. The infusion pump is connected to the top spraying mechanism. The discharge unit includes a screw discharge machine, which includes a drive device and a conveyor pipe. Both ends of the screw discharge machine are provided with inlets that are connected to the discharge port of the biochemical tank. The middle part of the screw discharge machine is provided with a discharge port. A screw body is provided inside the conveyor pipe. One end of the screw body is a forward screw and the other end is a reverse screw.

[0007] Preferably, a filter element is installed in the air extraction port of the biochemical tank, and a cleaning nozzle is provided above the filter element. The cleaning nozzle is connected to a backflush air pump via a backflush pipe and to a delivery pump via a water pipe. Preferably, the mixing conveyor includes a drive unit, a conveyor pipe and a support frame. A spiral shaft is installed inside the conveyor pipe. A conveyor inlet and a conveyor outlet are respectively provided at both ends of the conveyor pipe. The conveyor outlet is connected to the inlet of the biochemical tank. The conveyor pipe includes an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder. The space between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder is filled with circulating hot water.

[0008] Preferably, the top spraying mechanism includes a ring-shaped main pipe, with outwardly diverging branch pipes connected to the ring-shaped main pipe, and atomizing spray heads evenly distributed on the branch pipes.

[0009] Preferably, the annular main pipe, branch pipes, and atomizing spray heads are all made of 316L stainless steel.

[0010] Preferably, the feed inlet of the biochemical tank is equipped with a knife gate valve, and the discharge outlet is equipped with a double-gate sealing valve.

[0011] Preferably, the biochemical tank is equipped with a temperature measuring mechanism, which includes an acid-resistant armored distributed optical fiber arranged vertically along the pipe wall, with one end of the optical fiber connected to a DTS temperature measuring host located outside the biochemical tank.

[0012] Preferably, the bottom of the biochemical tank is provided with support legs, which include peripheral support legs evenly distributed around the bottom of the tank and a central support leg located at the bottom of the tank.

[0013] Preferably, the outer legs are connected by a lateral tie rod and a diagonal tie rod, and the lateral tie rod and the diagonal tie rod are connected to the outer legs by a fisheye bearing.

[0014] Preferably, a steel plate is pre-embedded under the support leg, an annular groove is provided on the upper surface of the steel plate, a rubber pad is laid on the steel plate, and a protrusion is provided on the bottom surface of the rubber pad that is embedded in the annular groove.

[0015] Preferably, the outer wall of the biochemical tank is provided with a semi-circular water bath heating coil and an insulation layer covering the water bath heating coil.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are as follows: The three-element vacuum biochemical system of this invention includes a biochemical reaction unit, a mixing and feeding unit, an acid-fermentation liquid spraying and circulation unit, and a discharge unit. It can be used for the fermentation pretreatment of livestock and poultry manure or straw. It is suitable for the combined treatment of acid and fermentation liquid under negative pressure. By crushing straw and wetting it with acid and bacterial liquid, the lignocellulose in the straw is pretreated, which breaks the intrinsic connection between lignin and cellulose and hemicellulose, changes the crystallinity of cellulose, and thus improves the biodigestibility and gas production rate of straw and livestock and poultry manure.

[0017] The biochemical reaction unit is equipped with an air cannon arch-breaking mechanism, which uses intermittent pulsed air jets during the acidification stage to not only stir the materials but also effectively break up deep-seated caking. The outer wall of the biochemical tank is equipped with a water bath heating coil and an insulation layer, and a temperature measuring device is also installed inside the tank to dynamically adjust the water temperature within the heating coil, thus controlling the temperature of the materials inside the tank. Four conical discharge ports are located at the bottom of the biochemical tank, each equipped with an auxiliary discharge nozzle. During the discharge process, intermittent air jets through these auxiliary nozzles assist in the outward conveying of materials, effectively increasing the discharge speed in conjunction with the screw conveyor.

[0018] The atomizing spray unit can spray acid and specially formulated bacterial solution onto the material during the feeding process, forming an acid-specialized bacterial solution-straw / manure premix, thus preventing clumping.

[0019] The mixing and feeding unit will crush the straw and initially mix the straw or livestock manure with the microbial agent. During the conveying process, the material will be heated to effectively increase the temperature of the material entering the biochemical tank so that it can quickly reach the preset reaction temperature. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structural principle of the three-element vacuum biochemical system of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the biochemical tank structure of the three-element vacuum biochemical system of the present invention; Figure 3 This is another schematic diagram of the biochemical tank structure of the three-element vacuum biochemical system of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the top spray mechanism of the three-element vacuum biochemical system of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the dual-gate sealing valve structure of the three-element vacuum biochemical system of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a diagram of the bottom support structure of the legs of the three-element vacuum biochemical system of the present invention; In the above figures: 1. Biochemical tank; 2. Tank body; 3. Tank top; 4. Conical discharge port; 5. Material inlet; 6. Air extraction port; 7. Roots-rotary vane vacuum unit; 8. Aeration nozzle; 9. Filter element; 10. Cleaning nozzle; 11. Backflush pump; 12. Conveyor pump; 13. Water bath heating coil; 14. Double-gate sealing valve; 15. Auxiliary discharge nozzle; 16. Acid tank; 17. Fermentation liquid tank; 18. Buffer tank; 19. Diaphragm metering pump; 20. Circular main pipe; 21. Branch pipe; 22. Atomizing spray head; 23. Screw conveyor; 24. Drive unit; 25. Conveyor pipe; 26. Screw 27. Screw discharger inlet; 28. Screw body; 29. ​​Outer support leg; 30. Central support leg; 31. Steel plate; 32. Annular groove; 33. Rubber pad; 34. Pad plate; 35. Heat exchanger; 36. Return pipe; 37. Return solenoid valve; 38. Valve body; 39. First bracket; 40. Filter gate; 41. First valve stem; 42. First drive cylinder; 43. Gate bracket; 44. Filter screen support ring; 45. Filter screen; 46. Second bracket; 47. Sealing gate; 48. Second valve stem; 49. Second drive cylinder; 50. Liquid outlet pipe; 51. Digester slurry return pump. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To better understand the present invention, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Example

[0022] like Figures 1-3As shown, a three-element vacuum biochemical system includes a biochemical reaction unit, a mixing and feeding unit, an acid-fermentation liquid spraying and circulation unit, and a discharge unit. It is used for the mixed fermentation pretreatment of livestock and poultry manure and straw. It is applicable to the combined treatment of acid and fermentation liquid under negative pressure. By crushing straw and wetting it with acid and bacterial liquid, the system pretreats the lignocellulose in straw, destroys the intrinsic connection between lignin and cellulose and hemicellulose, and changes the crystallinity of cellulose, thereby improving the biodegradability and gas production rate of straw and livestock and poultry manure.

[0023] The biochemical reaction unit includes a biochemical tank 1, which comprises a tank body 2. The tank body 2 is a cylindrical vertical structure with a total volume that can be set to 100-300 m³ and a total height of 4-8 m as needed. A conical top 3 is provided at the upper end of the tank body 2, and four tapering conical discharge ports 4 are provided at the lower end of the tank body 2. A material inlet 5 is provided on the top 3. There may be one or more material inlets 5; when multiple inlets are provided, they are preferably evenly distributed on the top 3 to increase the feeding speed and the uniformity of material falling into the biochemical tank 1. A knife-type gate valve is installed on the material inlet 5. After feeding is completed, the knife-type gate valve closes, thereby sealing the inlet.

[0024] The top 3 of the tank is also equipped with 1-3 suction ports 6. When there are three suction ports 6, they are preferably evenly distributed on the top 3 of the tank. When negative pressure is applied, the pressure change inside the tank 2 is more balanced and stable. The suction ports 6 are connected to a vacuum pump group via pipelines. The vacuum pump group includes a Roots-rotary vane vacuum unit 7 (ultimate vacuum degree ≤1kPa) and an acid-resistant vacuum pressure gauge (accuracy grade 0.4, material 316L stainless steel). The vacuum pump group is set to a target negative pressure range of -20kPa±1kPa through a PLC controller. During the negative pressure reaction, when the pressure inside the tank is higher than -19kPa, the vacuum unit automatically starts. When the pressure is lower than -21kPa, the unit stops, maintaining the negative pressure environment required for the degradation of straw or livestock manure, so as to promote the discharge of volatile products during the degradation process of straw and livestock manure. The vacuum pump group also includes a vacuum breaker valve. When the vacuum pump group malfunctions and the negative pressure value is too high, gas is drawn into the biochemical tank 1 through the vacuum breaker valve to prevent damage to the main body of the biochemical tank 1.

[0025] To prevent material caking inside tank 2, the biochemical reaction unit also includes an air cannon arch-breaking mechanism. Specifically, on the tank body 2 of biochemical tank 1, several air distribution holes are evenly distributed along the circumference at the junction of the cylindrical part and the conical discharge port 4 of tank body 2. Aeration nozzles 8 are installed inside the air distribution holes, extending into the tank body 2 and spraying air at an angle upwards. The air spray direction of the nozzles forms a 30-45 degree angle with the tank wall. The air inlet of the nozzles is connected to an external low-pressure air compressor via a pipeline. For the first 6 hours after material is fed into biochemical tank 1 (the initial stage of straw and livestock manure degradation), no aeration is performed to avoid excessive oxygenation that could disrupt the acidification process. Thereafter, during the acidification stage, intermittent pulsed air spraying is used, specifically once every 15 minutes through the nozzles, each time lasting 3-5 seconds, effectively breaking up deep caking.

[0026] To prevent small particles from being carried out during the vacuuming process, a filter element 9 is installed inside the air extraction port 6 of the biochemical tank 1. A cleaning nozzle 10 is installed above the filter element 9. The cleaning nozzle 10 is connected to a backflush pump 11 via a backflush pipe and to a delivery pump 12 via a water pipe. The backflush pump 11 causes the cleaning nozzle 10 to spray air, or the delivery pump 12 delivers liquid to backwash the filter element 9, which can effectively extend the service life of the filter element 9 and prevent the air extraction port 6 from being blocked by small particles of material.

[0027] During the degradation and acidification of materials, a certain temperature needs to be maintained to accelerate the reaction rate. The outer wall of the biochemical tank 1 (tank body 2) is equipped with a spiraling semi-circular water bath heating coil 13. Further, an insulation layer is provided to cover the water bath heating coil 13. The inlet and outlet of the water bath heating coil 13 are connected to the outlet and inlet of a heat exchanger, respectively. The circulating hot water within the water bath heating coil 13 maintains the temperature inside the tank body 2 at 50-60℃. The biochemical tank 1 also includes a temperature measuring mechanism, comprising acid-resistant armored distributed optical fibers vertically arranged along the tube wall. One end of the optical fiber is connected to a DTS temperature measuring host located outside the biochemical tank 1, thus forming a "temperature-depth" curve. The data is transmitted to a PLC controller, which can then dynamically adjust the water temperature within the water bath heating coil 13 to achieve material temperature control within the tank body 2.

[0028] Since the three-element vacuum biochemical system uses acid to acidify the materials, the tank body 2 is made of metal or vinyl ester resin fiberglass. When metal is used, 304 stainless steel is preferred and the inside is coated with polytetrafluoroethylene anti-corrosion coating.

[0029] The mixing and feeding unit is used to crush straw and initially mix straw or livestock manure with the microbial agent before conveying it into the biochemical tank 1. It includes a straw crusher, a mixing conveyor, and a livestock manure storage tank. The mixing conveyor includes a drive unit 24, a conveyor pipe 25, and a support frame. A spiral shaft is installed inside the conveyor pipe 25. The conveyor pipe 25 has a feed inlet and a discharge outlet at both ends. The discharge outlet connects to the feed inlet of the biochemical tank 1, and the discharge outlet of the straw crusher connects to the feed inlet of the conveyor. The conveyor pipe 25 includes an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder, with circulating hot water contained in the interlayer between the inner and outer cylinders. The straw or livestock manure crushed by the straw crusher is added to the feed inlet of the conveyor, along with a certain amount of microbial agent. The mixture is stirred and conveyed by the mixing conveyor to achieve preliminary mixing. During the conveying process, the material is heated and then conveyed to the biochemical tank 1. The preliminary heating of the material during the mixing and conveying stage can effectively accelerate the biochemical tank to reach the optimal working temperature and improve the pretreatment efficiency.

[0030] The acid-fermentation broth spray circulation unit includes an acid tank 16, a fermentation broth tank 17, a buffer tank 18, and a top spray mechanism installed inside the biochemical tank 1. The acid tank 16 and the fermentation broth tank 17 are respectively connected to the buffer tank 18 via a diaphragm metering pump 19. The buffer tank 18 is connected to a delivery pump via a heat exchanger 35, and the delivery pump is connected to the top spray mechanism. Figure 4 As shown, the top spraying mechanism includes a ring-shaped main pipe 20, to which branch pipes 21 radiate outwards. Atomizing spray heads 22 are evenly distributed on the branch pipes 21. During installation, care must be taken to avoid the feed inlet on the branch pipes 21 to prevent material from directly spilling onto the top spraying mechanism. Both the acid tank 16 and the buffer tank 18 are made of fiberglass with good corrosion resistance, while the ring-shaped main pipe 20, branch pipes 21, and atomizing spray heads 22 are all made of 316L stainless steel. During the feeding process, the dilute acid (concentration 5%-10%) in the acid tank 16 is pumped to the buffer tank by the diaphragm metering pump 19 at 0.05% of the weight of the crushed straw solids and 0.01% of the weight of the livestock and poultry manure solids. At the same time, the specially prepared bacterial solution in the fermentation liquid tank 17 is pumped to the buffer tank 18 by the diaphragm metering pump 19 at 20%-30% of the weight of the material. After that, the mixed liquid in the buffer tank 18 is pumped to the top spraying mechanism by the infusion pump and sprayed onto the material by the atomizing spray head 22, forming a premix of acid, specially prepared bacterial solution, straw and manure to avoid clumping.

[0031] The bottom of the biochemical tank 1 (tank body 2) is provided with four conical discharge ports 4. The inner wall of each conical discharge port 4 is reinforced with a mesh to enhance the load-bearing capacity and resistance to deformation. A double-barreled sealing gate valve 14 is installed on each conical discharge port 4. Figure 5As shown, the double-gate sealing valve 14 includes a valve body 38. A first bracket 39 and a second bracket 46 are respectively installed on the upper and lower parts of the valve body 38. A filter gate 40 is installed inside the valve body 38 corresponding to the position of the first bracket 39. The filter gate 40 is connected to a first drive cylinder 42 via a first valve stem 41. The filter gate 40 includes a gate bracket 43 and a filter screen assembly mounted on the gate bracket 43. The filter screen assembly includes a filter screen support ring 44 and a filter screen 45. A sealing gate 47 is installed inside the valve body 38 corresponding to the position of the second bracket 46. The sealing gate 47 is connected to a second drive cylinder 49 via a second valve stem 48. A liquid outlet pipe 50 is connected to the valve body 38 between the filter gate 40 and the sealing gate 47. A solenoid valve is installed on the liquid outlet pipe 50, and the end of the liquid outlet pipe 50 is connected to a buffer tank 18 via a biogas slurry return pump 51.

[0032] During the biochemical reaction, both the filter gate 40 and the sealing gate 47 are closed. The biogas slurry at the bottom of the biochemical tank 1 accumulates at the conical discharge port 4 and flows into the valve body 38 after being filtered by the filter screen 45 of the filter gate 40. The solenoid valve and the biogas slurry return pump 51 installed on the discharge pipe 50 are activated at regular intervals to transport the biogas slurry to the buffer tank 18 for storage. When needed, the transfer pump 12 transports the biogas slurry to the top spraying mechanism, which sprays it into the interior of the biochemical tank 1 to regulate the temperature inside the tank 2 and increase the permeability of the acid and bacterial agent. When the temperature measuring mechanism detects that the temperature of the middle layer of the material inside the biochemical tank 1 is lower than 60°C, the transfer pump 12 is activated to transport the biogas slurry to the top spraying mechanism. At the same time, the water temperature in the heat exchanger 35 rises, heating the biogas slurry to 70°C. The temperature inside the biochemical tank 1 is rapidly increased by spraying the high-temperature biogas slurry. When material needs to be discharged, the vacuum pump unit is shut down, and both the filter gate 40 and the sealing gate 47 of the double-gate sealing valve 14 are opened, allowing for smooth material discharge.

[0033] Each conical discharge port 4 of the biochemical tank is provided with 1-2 air distribution ports on its side wall. An auxiliary discharge nozzle 15 is installed in the air distribution port. The air jet direction of the auxiliary discharge nozzle 15 is facing the discharge direction and forms a 30° angle with the side wall of the conical discharge port 4. The air inlet of the auxiliary discharge nozzle 15 is connected to a low-pressure air compressor located outside the biochemical tank 1 through a pipeline. During the discharge process, the intermittent air jet through the auxiliary discharge nozzle 15 can assist in the external conveying of materials and effectively improve the discharge speed.

[0034] The discharge unit includes a screw conveyor 23, which comprises a drive unit 24 and a conveyor pipe 25. Both ends of the screw conveyor 23 are equipped with screw conveyor inlets 26 connected to the discharge ports of the biochemical tank 1. A screw conveyor outlet 27 is located in the middle of the screw conveyor 23. A screw body 28 is installed inside the conveyor pipe 25. One end of the screw body 28 is a forward spiral, and the other end is a reverse spiral, forming a configuration of two discharge ports with one screw conveyor 23. The screw diameter of the screw body 28 is 400-450mm, and the blades are made of 316L stainless steel with a thickness of 10-12mm and a polished surface. The blade spacing is 1.2-1.5 times the screw diameter to avoid material jamming due to excessively small spacing and intermittent discharge due to excessively large spacing.

[0035] The bottom of the biochemical tank 1 is equipped with support legs for the tank body 2. All support legs are made of Q235 H-beams, and the bottom surface of each support leg is welded with a pad 34 having a cross-sectional area 2-3 times its own. The support legs include peripheral support legs 29 evenly distributed around the bottom of the tank body 2 and a central support leg 30 located at the bottom of the tank body 2, forming a stable support structure. The central support leg 30 can be configured in two ways: one is to have only one centrally located at the center of the tank body 2; the other is to have two central support legs, in which case the central support leg 30 is Y-shaped, with its upper end connected to the middle of the conical discharge port 4. When the tank body 2 is made of metal, the support legs can be welded to the tank body 2 and further reinforced with multiple reinforcing ribs. When the tank body 2 is made of fiberglass, the support legs need to be integrally formed with the bottom of the biochemical tank 1 using a fiberglass hand lay-up molding process, and then the support legs and flanges are bolted together. The peripheral support legs 29 are connected by transverse and diagonal tie rods, forming a triangular stable frame. The lateral and diagonal tie rods are connected to the outer legs 29 via fisheye bearings, which allow the legs to undergo slight angular displacement (≤0.5°) during vibration, reducing stress transmission in rigid connections and preventing the tie rods from loosening due to vibration.

[0036] like Figure 6 As shown, a steel plate 31 is pre-embedded below the support leg, and a steel mesh made of 16mm diameter steel bars is provided on the bottom surface of the steel plate 31 to enhance the local compressive strength of the foundation and prevent cracking of the foundation due to long-term vibration. An annular groove 32 is provided on the upper surface of the steel plate 31, and a matching rubber pad 33 is installed inside the annular groove 32, forming a "concave-convex interlocking" structure to prevent the rubber pad 33 from sliding laterally. This structure forms a stable support structure and can counteract the horizontal impact force generated by the air cannon arch-breaking mechanism during air jetting, preventing the tank 2 from swaying laterally.

[0037] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any other way. Any person skilled in the art may make changes or modifications to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments for application in other fields. However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A three-element vacuum biochemical system, characterized in that: It includes a biochemical reaction unit, a mixing and feeding unit, an acid-fermentation broth spraying and circulation unit, and a discharge unit; The biochemical reaction unit includes a biochemical tank, which includes a tank body. The upper end of the tank body is provided with a conical tank top. The tank top is provided with a feed inlet and an exhaust port. The exhaust port is connected to a vacuum pump group via a pipeline. The lower part of the tank body is equipped with an air cannon arch-breaking mechanism. The air cannon arch-breaking mechanism includes an upwardly inclined nozzle. The nozzle is connected to an air compressor via a pipeline. The bottom of the tank is equipped with four conical discharge ports, and the side walls of the conical discharge ports are fitted with downward-sloping auxiliary discharge nozzles. The mixing and feeding unit includes a straw crusher and a mixing conveyor, which is connected to the feed inlet of the biochemical tank; The acid-fermentation liquid spraying circulation unit includes an acid tank, a fermentation liquid tank, and a top spraying mechanism installed inside the biochemical tank. The acid tank and the fermentation liquid tank are respectively connected to a buffer tank via a diaphragm metering pump. The buffer tank is connected to an infusion pump via a heat exchanger. The infusion pump is connected to the top spraying mechanism. The discharge unit includes a screw discharge machine, which includes a drive device and a conveyor pipe. Both ends of the screw discharge machine are provided with inlets that are connected to the discharge port of the biochemical tank. The middle part of the screw discharge machine is provided with a discharge port. A screw body is provided inside the conveyor pipe. One end of the screw body is a forward screw and the other end is a reverse screw.

2. The three-element vacuum biochemical system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A filter element is installed inside the air extraction port of the biochemical tank, and a cleaning nozzle is installed above the filter element. The cleaning nozzle is connected to a backflush air pump via a backflush pipe and to a delivery pump via a water pipe.

3. The three-element vacuum biochemical system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mixing conveyor includes a drive unit, a conveyor pipe and a support frame. A spiral shaft is installed inside the conveyor pipe. A conveyor inlet and a conveyor outlet are respectively provided at both ends of the conveyor pipe. The conveyor outlet is connected to the inlet of the biochemical tank. The conveyor pipe includes an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder. The space between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder is filled with circulating hot water.

4. The three-element vacuum biochemical system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top spraying mechanism includes a ring-shaped main pipe, which is connected to outward-radiating branch pipes, and atomizing spray heads are evenly distributed on the branch pipes.

5. The three-element vacuum biochemical system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The main ring pipe, branch pipes, and atomizing spray heads are all made of 316L stainless steel.

6. The three-element vacuum biochemical system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feed inlet of the biochemical tank is equipped with a knife gate valve, and the discharge outlet is equipped with a double-gate sealing valve.

7. The three-element vacuum biochemical system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The biochemical tank is equipped with a temperature measuring mechanism, which includes an acid-resistant armored distributed optical fiber arranged vertically along the pipe wall. One end of the optical fiber is connected to a DTS temperature measuring host located outside the biochemical tank.

8. The three-element vacuum biochemical system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the biochemical tank is provided with support legs, which include peripheral support legs evenly distributed around the bottom of the tank and a central support leg located at the bottom of the tank.

9. The three-element vacuum biochemical system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The outer support legs are connected by a horizontal tie rod and a diagonal tie rod, and the horizontal tie rod and the diagonal tie rod are connected to the outer support legs by a fisheye bearing.

10. The three-element vacuum biochemical system according to claim 8, characterized in that: A steel plate is pre-embedded under the support leg. An annular groove is provided on the upper surface of the steel plate. A rubber pad is laid on the steel plate, and a protrusion is provided on the bottom surface of the rubber pad that is embedded in the annular groove.

11. The three-element vacuum biochemical system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer wall of the biochemical tank is provided with a semi-circular water bath heating coil and an insulation layer covering the water bath heating coil.

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