Coupling type heat pump heating system utilizing industrial waste heat recovery

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of water source heat pumps, and discloses a coupling type heat pump heating system utilizing industrial waste heat recovery, which comprises a low-temperature waste heat upgrading module used for absorbing industrial waste heat and outputting first heat energy; the high-density thermochemical energy storage module is used for storing or releasing heat energy based on a reversible chemical reaction; the stored energy release and heating module is used for absorbing the heat energy released by the high-density thermochemical energy storage module and supplying heat to a user side; the steam pressure modulation sub-module is used for adjusting the steam pressure in the reactor; the mixed operation mode switching pipe valve set is used for forming a heat transfer working medium flow path; and the central control module is used for cooperatively controlling the operation of the whole system. Efficient operation of the downstream heating module is ensured by stabilizing a heat source and actively regulating and controlling energy release, and economical dispatching of valley electricity heat storage and peak electricity heating is realized by combining an intelligent algorithm with time-of-use electricity price, so that the electric power cost of system operation is reduced on the premise of ensuring the heating effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water source heat pump technology, specifically to a coupled heat pump heating system that utilizes industrial waste heat recovery. Background Technology

[0002] In an era where the world is promoting carbon neutrality and energy conservation and emission reduction, the efficient recovery and reuse of large amounts of low- and medium-grade waste heat generated during industrial production has become a key element in building a new energy system. Upgrading industrial waste heat through heat pump technology and combining it with thermal energy storage technology to meet energy demands such as urban heating is a highly promising technological approach.

[0003] However, in current technological practices, translating the above concepts into efficient, reliable, and economically competitive heating systems still faces numerous challenges. First, industrial waste heat sources generally exhibit inherent characteristics of unstable temperature and flow rates. When existing heating systems directly utilize such fluctuating heat sources, core equipment (such as heat pumps) often operates offline, deviating from its optimal design point. This not only severely reduces the system's cost-effectiveness (COP) but also affects the equipment's lifespan. Simultaneously, the control strategies of existing systems are often relatively simple, primarily based on fixed temperature thresholds for start-up, shutdown, or adjustment, lacking consideration for economic factors such as time-of-use electricity pricing, thus failing to achieve dynamic optimization of operating costs.

[0004] Secondly, existing coupled heating systems typically employ fixed and rigid processes, making it difficult to alter the internal energy flow paths once designed. This structural rigidity results in a lack of operational flexibility to cope with complex and changing conditions. When external conditions such as user heat load, waste heat source status, or electricity prices change, the system cannot intelligently reconfigure its energy utilization methods, such as selectively switching between multiple modes like energy storage, direct heating, or combined heating. Consequently, the system is unable to operate in its globally optimal state most of the time, limiting further improvements in its overall energy efficiency and economy.

[0005] Furthermore, in the process of energy release, the power output of traditional thermochemical energy storage systems passively depends primarily on thermodynamic boundaries such as the internal and external temperature differences, lacking active and precise adjustment methods. This passive energy release characteristic makes it difficult for the output heat power to match the constantly changing load demands of downstream users in real time and accurately, resulting in energy supply and demand mismatch. This not only affects the heating quality and user experience but also reduces the operational reliability of the entire heating system. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a coupled heat pump heating system that utilizes industrial waste heat recovery. This system solves the problems of low system operating efficiency, poor flexibility, and inability of energy storage capacity to actively match the load when using unstable waste heat for heating, which ultimately leads to high operating costs and insufficient heating reliability.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a coupled heat pump heating system utilizing industrial waste heat recovery, comprising:

[0008] Low-temperature waste heat upgrading module is used to absorb industrial waste heat and output primary thermal energy;

[0009] A high-density thermochemical energy storage module is connected to the heat output end of the low-temperature waste heat upgrading module and is used to store or release heat energy based on a reversible chemical reaction. The high-density thermochemical energy storage module includes a thermochemical reaction medium and a reactor with an internal heat exchanger.

[0010] The energy storage, release, and heating module is connected to the high-density thermochemical energy storage module and is used to absorb the heat energy released by the high-density thermochemical energy storage module and provide heating to the user side.

[0011] A steam pressure modulation submodule is connected to the reactor of the high-density thermochemical energy storage module and is used to regulate the steam pressure in the reactor.

[0012] A hybrid operation mode switching valve assembly is installed between the low-temperature waste heat upgrading module, the high-density thermochemical energy storage module, and the energy storage release and heating module to form a heat transfer working fluid flow path.

[0013] The central control module is electrically connected to the low-temperature waste heat upgrading module, the high-density thermochemical energy storage module, the energy storage release and heating module, the steam pressure modulation submodule, and the pipe and valve assembly, and is used to coordinate the operation of the entire system.

[0014] Preferably, the low-temperature waste heat upgrading module includes a first heat pump, and the central control module is configured to: actively maintain the stability of the condensing temperature by adjusting the operating frequency of the compressor of the first heat pump through frequency conversion, thereby converting unstable industrial waste heat into stable first thermal energy.

[0015] Preferably, the steam pressure modulation submodule includes:

[0016] A pressure sensor connected to the reactor;

[0017] An electric proportional regulating valve installed on the steam pipeline;

[0018] And a device for actively regulating the pressure of the steam pipeline; the steam pressure modulation submodule is used to actively regulate the energy storage or release power of the high-density thermochemical energy storage module by controlling the steam pressure in the reactor.

[0019] Preferably, the central control module specifically includes:

[0020] Calculate the target pressure setpoint based on external instructions;

[0021] Receive the actual pressure value measured by the pressure sensor;

[0022] Based on the deviation between the target pressure setpoint and the actual pressure value, the electric proportional regulating valve is driven through closed-loop feedback control logic to make the actual pressure value approach the target pressure setpoint.

[0023] Preferably, the hybrid operation mode switching valve assembly includes:

[0024] Multiple electrically operated valves are installed at key nodes in the heat transfer fluid flow path; the central control module controls the opening and closing states of these electrically operated valves to selectively construct operating modes including at least the following two:

[0025] Energy storage mode: Construct an energy flow path from the low-temperature waste heat upgrading module to the high-density thermochemical energy storage module;

[0026] Energy release mode: Construct an energy flow path from the high-density thermochemical energy storage module to the energy storage release and heating module.

[0027] Preferably, the central control module has a built-in intelligent decision-making and collaborative control algorithm based on multi-objective optimization.

[0028] Preferably, the intelligent decision-making and cooperative control algorithm based on multi-objective optimization specifically includes:

[0029] The optimal operating mode and operating parameters of the system are determined by solving and minimizing a predefined, comprehensive operating cost function within the decision-making cycle.

[0030] Preferably, the comprehensive operating cost function includes:

[0031] Electricity consumption cost item: used to characterize the cost of electricity consumed in the operation of the system;

[0032] Penalty for insufficient heating: This refers to the penalty cost incurred when the actual heating output of the system fails to meet user demand.

[0033] Equipment depreciation cost item: used to characterize the depreciation cost of system equipment due to its operating mode.

[0034] Preferably, the implementation process of the intelligent decision-making and cooperative control algorithm based on multi-objective optimization includes the following steps:

[0035] Step 1: Real-time acquisition of multi-dimensional information including user heat load, industrial waste heat source status, energy storage load status, and time-of-use electricity price;

[0036] Step 2: Traverse all currently feasible operating modes and use numerical optimization methods to find the optimal operating cost for each mode in order to calculate the theoretical optimal operating cost under that mode;

[0037] Step 3: Compare the theoretical optimal operating costs of all candidate modes and select the mode with the lowest cost as the final operating mode;

[0038] Step 4: Issue a coordinated control command to the hybrid operation mode switching valve assembly.

[0039] Preferably, the high-density thermochemical energy storage module uses strontium chloride / water as the thermochemical reaction medium, and its energy storage and release process is based on the reversible transformation between strontium chloride hexahydrate and strontium chloride monohydrate.

[0040] This invention provides a coupled heat pump heating system that utilizes industrial waste heat recovery. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0041] 1. This invention transforms unstable industrial waste heat into a stable medium-temperature heat source through a low-temperature waste heat upgrading module, and actively regulates the energy release process of the high-density thermochemical energy storage module using a steam pressure modulation submodule. This ensures that the energy storage and heating modules always operate near their highest efficiency design operating point. Furthermore, the intelligent algorithm built into the central control module, combined with time-of-use pricing, optimizes scheduling, thereby achieving the technical effect of off-peak electricity storage for heating and peak electricity supply. This ensures heating performance while minimizing overall electricity consumption costs.

[0042] 2. This invention enables the system to flexibly switch between multiple modes such as energy storage, energy release, and direct waste heat supply enhancement by setting up a hybrid operation mode switching pipe and valve assembly. Furthermore, the intelligent decision-making algorithm of the central control module can acquire and analyze multi-dimensional information such as user heat load, industrial waste heat source status, and electricity price in real time, and autonomously select the current optimal operation mode, dynamically reconstructing the heat flow path. This allows the system to intelligently adapt to the continuous changes in external conditions and internal states, thereby operating in the most efficient and economical way.

[0043] 3. This invention, through closed-loop feedback control of the steam pressure modulation submodule, can precisely adjust the steam pressure in the reactor, thereby achieving active adjustment of the energy storage and release power of the high-density thermochemical energy storage module. This enables the invention to match load requirements and thus improve the reliability of the system. Attached Figure Description

[0044] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system architecture of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the steam pressure modulation submodule structure of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 3 This is a block diagram of the closed-loop control logic of the steam pressure modulation submodule of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 4 The flowchart of the intelligent decision-making and collaborative control algorithm for the central control module of this invention is as follows. Detailed Implementation

[0048] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0049] To better understand the present invention, the above content will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0050] Please see the appendix Figure 1 - Appendix Figure 4 This invention provides a coupled heat pump heating system utilizing industrial waste heat recovery. The system includes: a low-temperature waste heat upgrading module, a high-density thermochemical energy storage module, an energy storage release and heating module, a steam pressure modulation submodule, a hybrid operation mode switching valve assembly, and a central control module; in one specific embodiment:

[0051] The low-temperature waste heat upgrading module is used to transport and transfer unstable, low-grade waste heat from industrial production processes. Specifically, the low-temperature waste heat upgrading module includes a first heat pump. In one specific embodiment, It is a water heat pump, and its working principle is based on a standard vapor compression refrigeration cycle. The evaporator is connected to the pipeline of the industrial waste water source to absorb waste heat; the condenser is connected to the reactor heat exchange circuit of the high-density thermochemical energy storage module to release the heat energy after the grade has been improved.

[0052] To achieve the functions of this invention, The evaporators and compressors used in industrial waste heat source evaporators need to be capable of operating efficiently over a wide range of evaporation temperatures to accommodate common temperature fluctuations in industrial waste heat sources. For example, screw or centrifugal compressors can be selected to ensure stable operation even when the waste heat source temperature changes.

[0053] at the same time, The working fluid (i.e., refrigerant) and compressor selection need to be matched to ensure that it can stably output sufficient medium-to-high temperature heat on the condenser side to drive the thermochemical reaction. The temperature of this output heat, i.e., the condensing temperature... The value is controlled and stable, set according to the decomposition temperature of the thermochemical medium selected by the downstream high-density thermochemical energy storage module (TCS module). Specifically, the central control module monitors in real time... The system determines the condensing temperature and, based on this set value, actively maintains the condensing temperature by adjusting the operating frequency of its compressor via frequency converter. The stability of the system will offset the impact of fluctuations in the upstream waste heat source.

[0054] Furthermore, the energy conversion process of the low-temperature waste heat upgrading module follows the first law of thermodynamics, and the heat released by its condenser... Equal to the heat absorbed by the evaporator With the electrical power consumed by the compressor The sum. The relation is:

[0055] ;

[0056] Therefore, the low-temperature waste heat upgrading module can transform unstable, low-grade heat sources upstream into stable heat sources usable by the downstream energy storage system. This allows uncertainties to be processed and eliminated at the system's front end, thus ensuring the stability of the subsequent core energy storage, energy release, and heating modules. Therefore, in this embodiment, the first heat pump... The heat exchange circuit on the condenser side constitutes the heat output terminal for the low-temperature waste heat upgrading module to output the first heat energy. As for the specific structure of the vapor compression heat pump, such as the detailed design and connection of the compressor, condenser, evaporator and throttling device, those skilled in the art can make conventional designs based on the above functional requirements. It is a well-known technology in the field and will not be described in detail here.

[0057] Subsequently, the thermal energy output from the low-temperature waste heat upgrading module is transferred to a high-density thermochemical energy storage module (TCS). In one specific embodiment, the core component of the high-density thermochemical energy storage module can be a fixed-bed reactor. This reactor can be configured as a pressure vessel, filled with a solid thermochemical reaction medium. To ensure efficient heat transfer during the energy storage and release stages, a heat and mass transfer enhancement structure is installed inside the reactor.

[0058] Furthermore, the heat and mass transfer enhancement structure can specifically be a tube bundle heat exchanger embedded in the solid reaction medium stack. During the energy storage phase, the high-temperature heat transfer medium from the low-temperature waste heat enhancement module flows through this tube bundle, transferring heat to the reaction medium; during the energy release phase, the tube bundle is used to remove the heat released by the reaction. To further improve the heat transfer efficiency between the solid medium and the heat exchanger, fins can be installed on the outer wall of the tube bundle, or highly thermally conductive inert materials, such as expanded graphite or metal foam, can be doped into the reaction medium to increase the heat transfer area and improve the apparent thermal conductivity of the bed.

[0059] Meanwhile, to ensure that gaseous reactants (such as water vapor) can uniformly penetrate into or escape from the reaction medium bed, a gas distribution device can also be installed inside the reactor. This gas distribution device can be a perforated plate or a gas distribution manifold located at the bottom of the reactor. Its function is to ensure uniform flow of the gas phase within the bed, avoiding dead zones or channeling phenomena, thereby improving the conversion rate and speed of the reaction.

[0060] Specifically, the thermochemical reaction medium used in this invention needs to be compatible with the operating temperature ranges of the system's upstream and downstream modules (the low-temperature waste heat upgrading module and the energy storage, release, and heating module). This medium consists of a solid-phase reactant and a gaseous-phase reactant, and its general reaction formula is:

[0061] Salt·nH2O(s)+Qstorage⇌Salt·mH2O(s)+(n−m)H2O(g)

[0062] In the formula: Qstorage is the heat stored in the high-density thermochemical energy storage module.

[0063] In a preferred embodiment, the selected thermochemical reaction medium is a strontium chloride / water system. The energy storage and release process of this system is based on the reversible transformation between strontium chloride hexahydrate and strontium chloride monohydrate, and its specific chemical reaction formula is as follows:

[0064] SrCl2·6H2O(s)+Qstorage⇌SrCl2·H2O(s)+5H2O(g)

[0065] The choice of this reaction medium is based on the driving temperature required for its forward decomposition reaction (energy storage), which is similar to the temperature of the first heat pump in the low-temperature waste heat upgrading module. The stable output condensation temperature It matches perfectly. Simultaneously, the heat released by its reverse synthesis reaction (energy release) is precisely at the temperature required for the energy storage and heating module's second heat pump. Providing an ideal high-temperature heat source is a prerequisite for ensuring the smooth and efficient flow of energy in stages within the system.

[0066] In one embodiment, to achieve the active control function of the high-density thermochemical energy storage module, the present invention further provides a vapor pressure modulation submodule (VPM). In a specific embodiment, the hardware of the vapor pressure modulation submodule can be integrated into the steam pipeline connecting the reactor and the gaseous product storage unit (e.g., a liquid storage tank for storing condensate) in the high-density thermochemical energy storage module. Furthermore, this submodule mainly consists of the following components: a high-precision pressure sensor for real-time monitoring of the steam pressure inside the reactor; an electrically operated proportional control valve for continuous adjustment of the flow cross-section of the steam pipeline; and a vacuum pump or compressor for establishing or removing pressure over a wide range. The signal interfaces of these components are all connected to the central control module.

[0067] Specifically, the active control principle of the steam pressure modulation submodule is based on the thermodynamic constraint of the solid-gas two-phase chemical reaction equilibrium. This constraint is described by the Clausius-Clapeyron equation, which takes the following form:

[0068] ;

[0069] In the formula, This refers to the water vapor pressure inside the reactor; To be with pressure The corresponding absolute temperature of the reaction equilibrium; and The pressure and absolute temperature are under reference conditions; The molar enthalpy of vaporization of water; is the ideal gas constant.

[0070] This equation clearly shows that in a given thermochemical reaction system, the equilibrium temperature of the reaction is a single-valued function of the vapor pressure inside the reactor. Therefore, by actively controlling the variables... This allows for direct control of the reaction temperature. Furthermore, by controlling the temperature difference between the reaction temperature and the heat exchange medium temperature, the reaction rate, i.e., the power of energy storage or release, can be controlled.

[0071] In one specific embodiment, the present invention can also achieve the above-mentioned active regulation through a closed-loop feedback control loop. The specific implementation process is as follows: Based on external instructions, such as user-side heating load demand or time-of-use electricity price signals, the central control module calculates a currently optimal target pressure setpoint using a built-in optimization algorithm. Meanwhile, the pressure sensor in the steam pressure modulation submodule measures the actual pressure value inside the reactor in real time. This measurement signal is then fed back to the central control module. The central control module then displays the actual pressure value. With the target pressure setpoint The parameters are compared, and the deviation is calculated based on preset control logic (e.g., proportional-integral-derivative, i.e., PID control algorithm). Based on this deviation, the central control module generates corresponding control commands to adjust the opening of the electric proportional regulating valve or the speed of the miniature vacuum pump / compressor, thereby changing the steam pressure inside the reactor until the actual pressure value is reached. Stabilize at the target pressure setpoint Within the allowable error range.

[0072] Therefore, through the closed-loop feedback control based on thermodynamic principles described above, the steam pressure modulation submodule of the present invention can fundamentally change the operating characteristics of the high-density thermochemical energy storage module in the entire system.

[0073] This change is specifically reflected in the fact that high-density thermochemical energy storage modules are no longer simply energy storage containers that passively receive and release heat, but have been transformed into units capable of actively responding to and regulating energy. Therefore:

[0074] During the implementation of the energy release (heating) mode, the high-density thermochemical energy storage module can actively match the load changes of the downstream energy storage release and the heating module. When the user's heating demand increases, it causes the second heat pump to... When the load increases, the central control module instructs the steam pressure modulation submodule to increase the steam pressure inside the reactor. This increased pressure amplifies the driving force of the chemical reaction, thereby increasing the heat release rate to meet the requirements. Increased heat demand. Conversely, when heating demand decreases, the response is slowed down by reducing pressure, thus reducing heat output.

[0075] Furthermore, during the implementation of the energy storage (charging) mode, the high-density thermochemical energy storage module can also actively adapt to the operating condition fluctuations of the upstream low-temperature waste heat upgrading module. When the temperature or flow rate of the upstream industrial waste heat source changes, causing the first heat pump... heat output When the situation is unstable, the steam pressure modulation submodule can adjust the rate of the energy storage reaction by regulating the steam pressure in the reactor, thereby maintaining a relatively stable temperature difference in the heat exchange process, optimizing energy storage efficiency, and protecting the thermochemical medium from damage caused by excessively high temperatures.

[0076] Subsequently, the heat energy output by the steam pressure modulation submodule is supplied to the energy storage release and heating module, which is responsible for providing final heating to the user side.

[0077] Specifically, the core equipment of the energy storage, release, and heating module is the second heat pump. In one specific embodiment, It can be a high-temperature water heat pump. Its evaporator is connected to the heat exchange circuit of the high-density thermochemical energy storage module reactor to absorb the heat released by the thermochemical reaction; its condenser is connected to the heating circuit on the user side to provide the user with heating hot water at the set temperature.

[0078] Specifically, The selection of the model needs to enable it to operate at higher evaporation temperatures. It operates at high efficiency and can stably output heating temperatures that meet user needs on the condenser side. The second heat pump The energy conversion relationship also follows the first law of thermodynamics, and the heat it provides to users... It equals the heat absorbed from the high-density thermochemical energy storage module. With the electrical power consumed by the compressor The sum. The relation is:

[0079] ;

[0080] In the formula, for The heat released by the condenser (heating capacity). for The heat absorbed by the evaporator; for The electrical power consumed.

[0081] Therefore, through the coordinated operation of the upstream high-density thermochemical energy storage module and the vapor pressure modulation submodule, a second heat pump can be provided. It provides a stable and controllable high-temperature heat source. This heat source is characterized by its temperature... Constantly maintained at a favorable The setpoint for efficient operation, and its heat output power According to The load demand is matched in real time and proactively.

[0082] Furthermore, a stable and controllable heat source supply can also power a second heat pump. Create conditions for continuous operation at its optimal design conditions. The coefficient of performance (COP) of any vapor compression heat pump can be achieved within... The designed rated operating point reaches its peak value. However, when the heat source temperature fluctuates or the load is mismatched, its operating efficiency will deviate from this peak value. In this case, the present invention can actively regulate the energy release process of the high-density thermochemical energy storage module to ensure... The evaporator side always receives a stable and sufficient amount of heat energy, avoiding efficiency degradation and frequent start-ups and shutdowns caused by unstable heat sources. Therefore, achieving efficient operation based on a stable heat source makes... Its long-term actual operating efficiency can approach its theoretical performance, ensuring not only high energy efficiency in the heating process for users, but also improving... The reliability and service life of the equipment. As for the specific structure and working principle of high-temperature heat pumps, those skilled in the art can perform conventional design, which is well-known technology in the field and will not be elaborated here.

[0083] Furthermore, in order to achieve coordinated operation between the aforementioned low-temperature waste heat upgrading module, high-density thermochemical energy storage module, and energy storage release and heating module, the present invention further provides a hybrid operation mode switching valve assembly (MMV).

[0084] In one specific embodiment, the MMV group is a network composed of pipes and electric valves at various key nodes in the heat exchange system of this invention. These key nodes include the inlet and outlet of each module (low-temperature waste heat enhancement module, high-density thermochemical energy storage module, and energy storage release and heating module), as well as the connection points with external heat sources and user circuits. The valves used can specifically be electric three-way valves and electric on / off valves that receive switching commands from the central control module. Furthermore, the combination of the opening and closing states of these valves determines the flow direction of the heat transfer medium inside the heat exchange system of this invention, thereby constructing a specific energy transfer path. Specifically, the construction and switching process of the flow path is completed under the command of the central control module. The flow path construction methods for the four core operating modes will be described below:

[0085] Energy storage mode: The central control module instructs relevant valves to operate, establishing an energy flow path from the low-temperature waste heat upgrading module to the high-density thermochemical energy storage module. Specifically, The outlet pipe on the condenser side is connected to the reactor heat exchanger inlet of the high-density thermochemical energy storage module, while the connection between the high-density thermochemical energy storage module and other modules is cut off.

[0086] Energy release mode: The central control module instructs relevant valves to operate, establishing a flow path from the high-density thermochemical energy storage module to the energy release and heating module. Specifically, the outlet pipe of the reactor heat exchanger in the high-density thermochemical energy storage module is connected to... The inlet on the evaporator side, and simultaneously the user's heating circuit with... The condenser side is connected.

[0087] Enhanced waste heat supply mode: The central control module instructs relevant valves to operate, constructing a composite energy flow path. Specifically, the output heat from the low-temperature waste heat upgrading module and some un-upgraded industrial waste heat are combined and mixed through the switching of a three-way valve, and then supplied to the energy storage release and heating module. The evaporator. At this point, it enters... Total heat of evaporator It consists of two parts:

[0088] ;

[0089] In the formula, For direct supply of industrial waste heat, for The heat output.

[0090] Emergency bypass mode: The central control module instructs relevant valves to operate, constructing an emergency heating flow path, specifically in the low-temperature waste heat enhancement module. The outlet pipe on the condenser side is directly connected to the user's heating circuit via a bypass pipe, completely bypassing the high-density thermochemical energy storage module and the second heat pump. This mode is used to mitigate the impact of a failure in a core system component. The provided medium-temperature heat energy is used for basic or emergency heating to ensure uninterrupted heating to the greatest extent possible.

[0091] Furthermore, by switching the valve assembly in a hybrid operation mode, the heat exchange system of this invention is no longer a fixed combination of equipment, but a multimodal energy management system whose internal structure can be dynamically reconfigured according to real-time conditions. This improves the operational flexibility of the heating system, enabling it to intelligently select and switch to the optimal energy utilization path based on changes in waste heat sources, user loads, and its own status. Simultaneously, it enables the system to switch between different objectives (e.g., efficiency priority or reliability priority), and by setting an emergency bypass mode, it enhances the overall operational reliability of the heating system.

[0092] Finally, to achieve unified and intelligent scheduling of the mixed operation mode switching valve assembly (MMV) and other modules, this invention also provides a central control module.

[0093] In one specific embodiment, the hardware foundation of the central control module can be an industrial programmable logic controller (PLC) or an industrial personal computer (IPC). It can connect to sensing and actuating elements distributed throughout the heating system of this invention via its own input / output interfaces, thereby forming a complete sensing and actuating network. The sensing elements in this network may specifically include: temperature sensors for monitoring the temperature of each fluid pipeline, pressure sensors for monitoring the internal pressure of the reactor in the high-density thermochemical energy storage module, and flow meters for measuring heat exchange. The actuating elements may specifically include: all electric valves in the MMV group, compressors and circulating pumps in the low-temperature waste heat upgrading module and the energy storage release and heating module, and regulating valves and vacuum pumps or compressors in the steam pressure modulation submodule.

[0094] In one specific embodiment, the central control module of the present invention does not base its decision-making logic on preset simple condition judgments, but rather implements an intelligent decision-making and collaborative control algorithm based on multi-objective optimization. This algorithm is pre-programmed and stored in the controller, and its goal is to achieve global optimization of system operation while meeting the user's heating needs.

[0095] The algorithm operates primarily based on multi-dimensional information input collected by a sensor network. This information includes, but is not limited to: real-time temperature and flow rate of industrial waste heat sources, real-time heat load on the user side, state of charge (SOC) of high-density thermochemical energy storage modules, and real-time time-of-use electricity price signals from external inputs.

[0096] In one embodiment, the state of charge (SOC) of a high-density thermochemical energy storage module is defined as the percentage of the number of moles of products that have been converted into high-energy-state products (i.e., SrCl2·H2O in the reaction system of strontium chloride hydrate and water vapor, relative to SrCl2·6H2O) in the current thermochemical reaction medium relative to the total number of convertible moles.

[0097] Methods for obtaining the state of charge (SOC) of a TCS module may include:

[0098] Direct measurement or estimation based on changes in mass:

[0099] Direct measurement: Inside the reactor, the total mass change of the solid thermochemical reaction medium (e.g., during the conversion of SrCl2·6H2O to SrCl2·H2O) is directly monitored by setting up a weighing sensor (such as a piezoelectric or strain gauge weighing sensor). Since the desorption or adsorption of water molecules during the reaction causes a significant change in the solid phase mass, the current state of charge (SOC) of the medium can be calculated by the ratio of the real-time mass change to the maximum theoretical mass change.

[0100] Estimation: When it's not possible to directly install an internal weighing sensor, the amount can be indirectly estimated by measuring the flow rate and total cumulative amount of gaseous products (water vapor) in the reactor. For example, during the energy storage (dehydration) stage, the mass flow rate of water vapor leaving the reactor is monitored using a flow meter (such as a vortex flow meter or Coriolis flow meter), and this flow rate is integrated over time to obtain the total amount of water vapor removed. Based on the stoichiometry, the number of moles of solid medium that have reacted can be calculated, thus yielding the state of charge (SOC). During the energy release (water absorption) stage, the flow rate of water vapor entering the reactor is measured.

[0101] Dynamic estimation and correction based on energy balance:

[0102] By real-time monitoring of the flow rate (measured by a flow meter) of the heat transfer medium (such as heat transfer oil or water) entering and leaving the TCS module heat exchanger and the inlet and outlet temperature difference (measured by a temperature sensor, such as Pt100), the instantaneous heat power absorbed (stored) or released (released) by the reactor can be calculated.

[0103] Integrating the instantaneous thermal power over time yields the total energy stored or released by the high-density thermochemical energy storage module since its initial state.

[0104] By combining the theoretical energy storage density and heat capacity of the thermochemical reaction medium, the accumulated energy is converted into the corresponding State of Charge (SOC). To improve the accuracy of the estimation, a feedback correction mechanism can be introduced: for example, after each energy storage or release cycle, the estimated SOC can be calibrated and corrected by monitoring the plateau characteristics exhibited by the heat transfer medium temperature when the reaction medium is fully converted (SOC reaches 100% or 0%). Furthermore, data from multiple temperature sensor arrays inside the reactor can be combined with thermodynamic models (such as the Clausius-Clapeyron equation for the reaction system of strontium chloride hydrate and water vapor) to calculate the reaction equilibrium temperature and pressure in real time, indirectly determining the current degree of medium conversion and further correcting the estimated SOC value. Therefore, the SOC of the high-density thermochemical energy storage module can be acquired in real time through the above methods.

[0105] Subsequently, the algorithm substitutes the above input information into a multi-objective optimization model for solution. The optimization objective function of this model comprehensively considers the following multiple dimensions:

[0106] Maximizing energy efficiency: The algorithm will prioritize the operating mode with the shortest energy transfer path and the least conversion loss.

[0107] Minimize operating costs: The algorithm performs economical scheduling based on time-of-use electricity price signals. For example, during off-peak hours, even if user load is low, the algorithm will prioritize energy storage mode to store energy at low cost; during peak hours, it will prioritize energy release mode to utilize the stored chemical energy for heating to avoid high electricity bills.

[0108] Equipment lifespan and reliability: The algorithm's constraints include restrictions on the start-stop frequency of critical equipment (such as compressors) to extend equipment lifespan and ensure the continuity of heating.

[0109] The core output of this algorithm consists of two types of coordinated control commands. The first type is discrete mode switching commands, sent to the MMV group to construct the current optimal system operating flow path. The second type is continuous operating parameter setting commands, such as issuing the optimal target pressure setpoint to the VPM subsystem, or issuing the optimal operating frequency to the variable frequency compressor.

[0110] In this way, the central control module organically coordinates the two key subsystems, the steam pressure modulation subsystem and the hybrid operation mode switching valve assembly, transforming the entire physical equipment assembly into a whole capable of self-optimization and intelligent decision-making. This ensures that the system always approaches the globally optimal operating state under dynamically changing internal and external conditions.

[0111] In one specific embodiment, the core of this multi-objective optimization-based intelligent decision-making and cooperative control algorithm is to minimize a predefined, comprehensive operating cost function. This function is a mathematical expression of the generalized cost incurred by the system during its operation in the next extremely short time step, and its form can be defined as:

[0112] ;

[0113] In the formula, Let the total running cost function be the one to be minimized; These are the discrete operating modes that the system can choose from, such as the aforementioned energy storage mode and energy release mode; This is a vector of control parameters that can be continuously adjusted in a specific mode, such as the target pressure of the steam pressure modulation submodule and the operating frequency of the heat pump compressor. This is the electricity consumption cost item, the value of which is determined by each power-consuming device (mainly...). and The total power consumption of the compressor is determined by the product of the real-time time-of-use electricity price. This is a penalty term for unmet heating requirements. It ensures the reliability of the heating supply. Its value is a function of the difference between the user's heating demand and the system's actual heating output. When the system's actual heating output is lower than the user's heating demand, this term increases, thus forcing the algorithm to prioritize operating schemes that meet the heating demand during the optimization process. This is a cost item for equipment wear and tear, used to quantify equipment wear and tear. For example, it can be modeled as a function related to the number of compressor start-ups and shutdowns or drastic changes in inverter frequency, to guide the algorithm to select a smoother operating mode and extend equipment life. , , These are preset non-negative weighting coefficients used to reflect the system's priority strategy. For example, by assigning a value much larger than other coefficients, it can be ensured that meeting users' heating needs is the highest priority task.

[0114] In one specific embodiment, the electricity consumption cost item in the total operating cost function calculation formula Penalties for unsatisfactory heating conditions Equipment depreciation cost item Specifically:

[0115] (Electricity Consumption Cost) specifically refers to the total cost of electricity consumed by all power-consuming equipment (including but not limited to the first heat pump compressor, second heat pump compressor, circulating water pump, vacuum pump, cooling fan, etc.) within the current time step. This calculation considers real-time time-of-use electricity pricing to reflect the differences in electricity prices at different times. The formula is:

[0116] ;

[0117] In the formula, This represents the summation of the power consumption of all power-consuming devices. For the first The average electrical power (kW) of each power-consuming device within the current time step; Current time step (h). This represents the real-time time-of-use electricity price (RMB / kWh) within the current time step.

[0118] (Penalty for Insufficient Heating Supply) Specifically refers to the penalty cost imposed when the system's actual heating supply fails to fully meet the user's real-time heat load demand within the current time step. This is used to quantify the potential impact of substandard heating on user comfort, productivity, etc., prompting the system to prioritize heating needs. The formula is:

[0119] ;

[0120] In the formula, A penalty coefficient (yuan / kWh) is set for heating that does not meet the unit heat requirement. This coefficient is preset and is used to ensure heating priority. The user's real-time heat load demand (kWh) within the current time step; The actual heating output (kWh) of the system within the current time step.

[0121] (Equipment depreciation cost item) specifically refers to the accelerated aging or maintenance costs of key system equipment (especially the heat pump compressor and the electric valves in the hybrid operation mode switching valve assembly) due to their operating mode, start-stop frequency, and deviation from the optimal design point. This is used to encourage the system to adopt a stable and efficient operating strategy, avoiding frequent start-stops and prolonged operation under inefficient conditions. The formula is:

[0122] ;

[0123] In the formula:

[0124] For the first Cost coefficient per unit operating time of equipment (yuan / h); For the first The running time (h) of each device within the current time step; For the first Cost coefficient for single start-up and shutdown loss of equipment (yuan / time); For the first The number of times a device starts and stops within the current time step; For the first The unit COP deviation loss cost coefficient (yuan) is used to quantify the loss of equipment when it deviates from the optimal operating condition. For the first The actual performance coefficient of each device within the current time step; For the first The optimal performance coefficient of each device under design conditions; This represents the summation of losses across all critical equipment.

[0125] Furthermore, the specific implementation process of this intelligent decision-making and collaborative control algorithm based on multi-objective optimization is periodically executed by the central control module, and can be divided into the following steps:

[0126] Step 1: Real-time Information Acquisition. At the beginning of each decision cycle (e.g., every 5 minutes), the central control module collects all the real-time data required for decision-making through a sensor network, including: user-side return water temperature and flow rate, industrial waste heat source temperature and flow rate, the state of charge of the high-density thermochemical energy storage module, and time-of-use electricity prices for the current and future periods obtained from the external power grid.

[0127] Step 2: Candidate Solution Evaluation. The algorithm iterates through all currently feasible operating modes. For each feasible mode, the algorithm defines its corresponding control parameter vector. The internal optimization is performed to find the cost function that makes the model work. Minimize the optimal control parameter set The essence of this step is to calculate a theoretically optimal operating cost for each candidate mode. In one embodiment, the optimization process can employ conventional numerical optimization methods in the relevant field. For example, for cases with low-dimensional control parameters, a grid search method can be used; or more efficient methods such as gradient descent or particle swarm optimization (PSO) can be employed to find the optimal set of control parameters while satisfying computational efficiency requirements. .

[0128] Step 3: Global Optimal Decision. The algorithm compares the running costs of all candidate modes under their optimal parameters. Select the one with the smallest The value pattern serves as the final running pattern for the next time step.

[0129] Step 4: Command Issuance and Coordinated Control. Once the optimal mode and its corresponding optimal control parameter set are determined, the central control module immediately executes coordinated control: First, it issues discrete valve action commands to the MMV group to construct the physical flow path required for the optimal mode; then, it issues continuous setpoint commands corresponding to the optimal control parameter set to the steam pressure modulation submodule, heat pump compressor, and other actuators.

[0130] Finally, through the aforementioned cyclical process of evaluation, decision-making, and execution, the central control module can dynamically and proactively optimize the system's operating mode and parameters based on multi-dimensional real-time information, thereby achieving global optimization of the system operation under constraints.

Claims

1. A coupled heat pump heating system utilizing industrial waste heat recovery, characterized in that, include: Low-temperature waste heat upgrading module is used to absorb industrial waste heat and output primary thermal energy; A high-density thermochemical energy storage module is connected to the heat output end of the low-temperature waste heat upgrading module and is used to store or release heat energy based on a reversible chemical reaction. The high-density thermochemical energy storage module includes a thermochemical reaction medium and a reactor with an internal heat exchanger. The energy storage, release, and heating module is connected to the high-density thermochemical energy storage module and is used to absorb the heat energy released by the high-density thermochemical energy storage module and provide heating to the user side. A steam pressure modulation submodule is connected to the reactor of the high-density thermochemical energy storage module and is used to regulate the steam pressure in the reactor. A hybrid operation mode switching valve assembly is installed between the low-temperature waste heat upgrading module, the high-density thermochemical energy storage module, and the energy storage release and heating module to form a heat transfer working fluid flow path. The central control module is electrically connected to the low-temperature waste heat upgrading module, the high-density thermochemical energy storage module, the energy storage release and heating module, the steam pressure modulation submodule, and the pipe and valve assembly, and is used to coordinate the operation of the entire system.

2. A coupled heat pump heating system utilizing industrial waste heat recovery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The low-temperature waste heat upgrading module includes a first heat pump, and the central control module is configured to actively maintain the stability of the condensation temperature by adjusting the operating frequency of the compressor of the first heat pump through frequency conversion, thereby converting unstable industrial waste heat into stable first thermal energy.

3. A coupled heat pump heating system utilizing industrial waste heat recovery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steam pressure modulation submodule includes: A pressure sensor connected to the reactor; An electric proportional regulating valve installed on the steam pipeline; And a device for actively regulating the pressure of the steam pipeline; the steam pressure modulation submodule is used to actively regulate the energy storage or release power of the high-density thermochemical energy storage module by controlling the steam pressure in the reactor.

4. A coupled heat pump heating system utilizing industrial waste heat recovery according to claim 3, characterized in that, The central control module specifically includes: Calculate the target pressure setpoint based on external instructions; Receive the actual pressure value measured by the pressure sensor; Based on the deviation between the target pressure setpoint and the actual pressure value, the electric proportional regulating valve is driven through closed-loop feedback control logic to make the actual pressure value approach the target pressure setpoint.

5. A coupled heat pump heating system utilizing industrial waste heat recovery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hybrid operation mode switching valve assembly includes: Multiple electrically operated valves are installed at key nodes in the heat transfer fluid flow path; the central control module controls the opening and closing states of these electrically operated valves to selectively construct operating modes including at least the following two: Energy storage mode: Construct an energy flow path from the low-temperature waste heat upgrading module to the high-density thermochemical energy storage module; Energy release mode: Construct an energy flow path from the high-density thermochemical energy storage module to the energy storage release and heating module.

6. A coupled heat pump heating system utilizing industrial waste heat recovery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The central control module has a built-in intelligent decision-making and collaborative control algorithm based on multi-objective optimization.

7. A coupled heat pump heating system utilizing industrial waste heat recovery according to claim 6, characterized in that, The intelligent decision-making and cooperative control algorithm based on multi-objective optimization specifically includes: The optimal operating mode and operating parameters of the system are determined by solving and minimizing a predefined, comprehensive operating cost function within the decision-making cycle.

8. A coupled heat pump heating system utilizing industrial waste heat recovery according to claim 7, characterized in that, The comprehensive operating cost function includes: Electricity consumption cost item: used to characterize the cost of electricity consumed in the operation of the system; Penalty for insufficient heating: This refers to the penalty cost incurred when the actual heating output of the system fails to meet user demand. Equipment depreciation cost item: used to characterize the depreciation cost of system equipment due to its operating mode.

9. A coupled heat pump heating system utilizing industrial waste heat recovery according to claim 6, characterized in that, The implementation process of the intelligent decision-making and cooperative control algorithm based on multi-objective optimization includes the following steps: Step 1: Real-time acquisition of multi-dimensional information including user heat load, industrial waste heat source status, energy storage load status, and time-of-use electricity price; Step 2: Traverse all currently feasible operating modes and use numerical optimization methods to find the optimal operating cost for each mode in order to calculate the theoretical optimal operating cost under that mode; Step 3: Compare the theoretical optimal operating costs of all candidate modes and select the mode with the lowest cost as the final operating mode; Step 4: Issue a coordinated control command to the hybrid operation mode switching valve assembly.

10. A coupled heat pump heating system utilizing industrial waste heat recovery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-density thermochemical energy storage module uses a reaction system of strontium chloride hydrate and water vapor as the thermochemical reaction medium, and its energy storage and release process is based on the reversible transformation between strontium chloride hexahydrate and strontium chloride monohydrate.

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