A thermal reaction furnace for waste battery heating treatment

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of thermal reaction furnaces, in particular to a thermal reaction furnace for heating treatment of waste batteries, which comprises a furnace body, the bottom of the furnace body is a conical discharging structure, a feeding device is communicated with the upper side wall of the furnace body, heating elements are installed on the side wall of the inner cavity of the furnace body, a plurality of horizontally-arranged overturning material bearing assemblies are arranged in the inner cavity of the furnace body along the height direction, and a driving mechanism is arranged on the outer side of the furnace body. The single driving mechanism can sequentially control the multiple-layer independent overturning material bearing assemblies, a stable ladder-type layered bearing structure can be sequentially closed from bottom to top during feeding, the heating area of the material is significantly increased, the problem of uneven heating caused by the thick material accumulation of the traditional single-layer furnace is solved, the material can be sequentially overturned from top to bottom during discharging, the material is smoothly discharged layer by layer by gravity, a complicated external material moving mechanism is not needed, the equipment is simplified, and the jamming is avoided.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of thermal reaction furnace, in particular to a thermal reaction furnace for waste battery heating treatment. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the recycling process of waste batteries, the electrolyte and other organic substances are often removed by heating and pyrolysis. The thermal treatment furnace used for this purpose in the prior art is mostly a simple single-layer or multi-layer fixed structure. The single-layer furnace has a thick material accumulation during processing, resulting in uneven heating of the inner and outer layers, low pyrolysis efficiency, and inconvenient discharge. Although the multi-layer fixed furnace increases the spreading area of the material, the material between the layers needs to be transferred by external mechanical devices, which not only complicates the equipment structure, but also easily causes material jamming or uneven mixing during the transfer process, affecting the continuous processing efficiency. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a thermal reaction furnace that can realize automatic and orderly transfer of materials in the furnace and ensure uniform and efficient heating. SUMMARY

[0003] The present application provides a thermal reaction furnace for waste battery heating treatment, which aims to solve the problems of uneven material heating, complex interlayer transfer mechanism and inconvenient feeding and discharging control of traditional thermal treatment furnaces.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme provided by the present application is as follows:

[0005] A thermal reaction furnace for waste battery heating treatment, comprising a furnace body, the bottom of the furnace body is a conical discharge structure, a feeding device is connected to the upper side wall of the furnace body, a heating element is installed on the side wall of the inner cavity of the furnace body, and a plurality of horizontally arranged turnover material supporting assemblies are arranged in the inner cavity of the furnace body along the height direction, each turnover material supporting assembly can independently rotate between a horizontal material supporting position and a vertical avoiding position; a driving mechanism is provided on the outside of the furnace body for sequentially controlling the turnover action of each turnover material supporting assembly;

[0006] The driving mechanism is configured to drive each turnover material supporting assembly to rotate to the horizontal material supporting position in sequence from the bottom of the furnace body upwards during the feeding stage, thereby forming a multi-layer stepped material supporting structure in the furnace chamber; when the turnover material supporting assembly at the bottom layer is closed, the feeding device is opened to feed the turnover material supporting assembly at the top layer.

[0007] Preferably, the turnover material supporting assembly comprises two parallel arranged rotating shafts, a material supporting plate is installed on the outer wall of the rotating shaft, and a rotating gear is installed at one end of the rotating shaft which penetrates through the side wall of the furnace body;

[0008] The driving mechanism comprises a box body mounted on the side wall of the furnace body, a first bidirectional screw rod and two limiting rods are connected between the top and bottom of the inner cavity of the box body, a sliding block is threadedly connected to the outer wall of the first bidirectional screw rod, and the sliding block is located between the two rotating gears, first racks are arranged on the opposite side walls of the sliding block and are in mesh with the two rotating gears, and a driving member is mounted on the bottom of the box body and is connected with the first bidirectional screw rod.

[0009] Preferably, the feeding device comprises a feeding hopper, and the feeding hopper is located above the box body; a baffle is slidingly mounted in the inner cavity of the feeding hopper; two push rods are arranged on the bottom of the baffle and extend out of the bottom of the feeding hopper; the push rods are inserted into the box body and are matched with the driving mechanism; a tension spring is arranged on the outer wall of the push rod and is located between the feeding hopper and the top of the box body; when the sliding block slides to the uppermost position, the sliding block pushes the push rod and the baffle to slide, so that the baffle closes the feeding hopper.

[0010] Preferably, the limiting rod is of a hollow structure; one end of the push rod is inserted into the limiting rod; an abutting block is arranged on the side wall of the push rod; a sliding groove is formed in the side wall of the limiting rod and is matched with the abutting block; a telescopic elastic limiting column is arranged on the lower end side wall of the push rod; a limiting hole is formed in the lower end side wall of the limiting rod and is matched with the elastic limiting column; the limiting hole is located below the lowermost overturning material receiving assembly; and when the sliding block pushes the baffle to close the feeding hopper, the elastic limiting column is inserted into the limiting hole.

[0011] Preferably, an unlocking assembly for unlocking the elastic limiting column is arranged on the inner wall of the box body.

[0012] The unlocking assembly comprises a rotating rod rotatably connected to the inner wall of the box body; cams are symmetrically and fixedly connected to the opposite ends of the outer wall of the rotating rod; the protruding part of the cam is provided with an unlocking column; a driving gear is mounted on the outer wall of the rotating rod through a one-way bearing; and the sliding block is provided with a second rack matched with the driving gear.

[0013] Preferably, a feeding plate matched with the feeding device is hingedly connected to the inner wall of the furnace body; a driving bevel gear is fixedly connected to the upper end of the first bidirectional screw rod; a threaded sleeve is slidingly connected to the inner wall of the box body, one end of the threaded sleeve is inserted into the furnace body and is hingedly connected to the back of the feeding plate; a second bidirectional screw rod is threadedly connected in the inner cavity of the threaded sleeve; and one end of the second bidirectional screw rod is fixedly connected with a driven bevel gear in mesh connection with the driving bevel gear.

[0014] Preferably, a limiting strip is arranged on the outer wall of the threaded sleeve, and a through hole matched with the threaded sleeve is formed in the side wall of the furnace body.

[0015] Preferably, the cross section of the sliding block is concave, and the two limiting rods pass through the two protruding ends of the sliding block, respectively.

[0016] Preferably, the receiving surface of the material support plate is provided with a plurality of raised strips, and the material support plate is provided with ventilation holes, and the top of the furnace body is connected to an exhaust pipe.

[0017] Preferably, the heating element is an electric radiant tube, a gas burner, or an induction coil, and the heating element is disposed between two adjacent layers of the flipping material support assembly.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0019] This invention features a multi-layered, independently tilting material-bearing assembly that can be sequentially controlled by a single drive mechanism. During feeding, the assembly closes sequentially from bottom to top to form a stable, stepped, layered material-bearing structure, significantly increasing the material's heating area and solving the problems of thick material accumulation and uneven heating in traditional single-layer furnaces. During unloading, the assembly tilts sequentially from top to bottom, allowing the material to be discharged smoothly layer by layer by gravity, eliminating the need for complex external material transfer mechanisms, simplifying the equipment and preventing jamming. Simultaneously, this sequential control logic is interlocked with the feeding process, ensuring that a complete material layer is formed inside the furnace before feeding, preventing chaotic material distribution and making the entire heating process more efficient, uniform, stable, and controllable. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the thermal reactor of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the front section structure of the thermal reactor of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged structural diagram at point A;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a side view of the thermal reactor of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the tilting and supporting assembly in the thermal reactor of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the first angle structure of the drive mechanism and its connecting components in the thermal reactor of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the second angle structure of the drive mechanism and its connecting components in the thermal reactor of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 8 For Figure 7 Structure enlarged schematic view at B in the middle;

[0029] Figure 9 For the connecting structure diagram of the limiting rod and the push rod in the heat reaction furnace of the application.

[0030] In the drawings, the components represented by each reference numeral are listed as follows:

[0031] 1, furnace body; 2, feeding device; 21, feeding hopper; 22, baffle; 23, push rod; 24, tension spring; 25, abutting block; 3, feeding plate; 4, heating element; 5, turnover material receiving assembly; 51, rotating shaft; 52, material receiving plate; 521, convex strip; 53, rotating gear; 6, driving mechanism; 61, box body; 62, first bidirectional screw rod; 63, limiting rod; 64, sliding block; 65, first rack; 66, limiting hole; 67, rotating rod; 68, cam; 69, unlocking column; 610, driving gear; 611, second rack; 612, driving bevel gear; 613, threaded sleeve; 614, second bidirectional screw rod; 615, driven bevel gear. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the application, rather than all the embodiments of the application. Based on the embodiments in the application, all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative labor fall within the protection scope of the application.

[0033] As Figures 1-9 shown:

[0034] A heat reaction furnace for waste battery heating treatment, comprising a furnace body 1, the bottom of the furnace body 1 is a conical discharge structure, a feeding device 2 is communicated with the upper side wall of the furnace body 1, a heating element 4 is installed on the side wall of the inner cavity of the furnace body 1, and a plurality of horizontally arranged turnover material receiving assemblies 5 are arranged in the inner cavity of the furnace body 1 along the height direction, each turnover material receiving assembly 5 can be independently rotated between a horizontal material receiving position and a vertical avoiding position, and a driving mechanism 6 is arranged on the outer side of the furnace body 1 and used for sequentially controlling the turnover action of each turnover material receiving assembly 5.

[0035] The driving mechanism 6 is configured to drive each turnover material receiving assembly 5 to rotate to the horizontal material receiving position in sequence from the bottom of the furnace body upwards in the feeding stage, so as to form a multi-layer stepped material receiving structure in the furnace chamber; when the turnover material receiving assembly 5 at the bottom layer is closed, the feeding device 2 is opened to feed the turnover material receiving assembly 5 at the top layer.

[0036] From the above description can be known: the present application through the setting can be by single drive mechanism sequence control multilayer independent turnover material bearing assembly, when feeding can from below to above in turn close to form stable step type layered bearing structure, significantly increase the material heated area, solve the traditional single layer furnace material accumulation thick, uneven heating problem; when unloading can from top to bottom in turn overturning makes the material rely on gravity smooth layer by layer discharge, without complex external material removal mechanism, simplify the equipment and avoid the jam; at the same time, the sequence control logic and feeding interlock, ensure that the complete material layer can be formed in the furnace after feeding, avoid the material distribution confusion, make the whole heating treatment process more efficient, uniform and stable controllable.

[0037] Specifically, the turnover material bearing assembly 5 includes two parallel arranged rotating shafts 51, the rotating shafts 51 are provided with material bearing plates 52 on the outer walls, one end of the rotating shafts 51 penetrates through the side wall of the furnace body 1 and is provided with rotating gears 53;

[0038] The drive mechanism 6 includes a box body 61 installed on the side wall of the furnace body 1, a first bidirectional screw rod 62 and two limiting rods 63 are connected between the top and bottom of the inner cavity of the box body 61, a sliding block 64 is threadedly connected to the outer wall of the first bidirectional screw rod 62, and the sliding block 64 is located between the two rotating gears 53, the sliding block 64 is provided with first gear racks 65 on the opposite two side walls and is in meshing connection with the two rotating gears 53, and a driving part is installed at the bottom of the box body 61 and is in connection with the first bidirectional screw rod 62.

[0039] Specifically, the feeding device 2 includes a feeding hopper 21, and the feeding hopper 21 is located above the box body 61, a baffle 22 is slidably installed in the inner cavity of the feeding hopper 21, two push rods 23 are installed at the bottom of the baffle 22 and penetrate through the bottom of the feeding hopper 21, the push rods 23 are inserted into the inside of the box body 61 and are matched with the drive mechanism 6, pull springs 24 are installed on the outer walls of the push rods 23 and are located between the feeding hopper 21 and the top of the box body 61, when the sliding block 64 slides to the uppermost position, the sliding block 64 drives the push rods 23 and the baffle 22 to slide, so that the baffle 22 closes the feeding hopper 21.

[0040] From the above description can be known: the feeding device through the cooperation structure of the feeding hopper, the sliding baffle, the push rod and the pull spring, drives the baffle to close the feeding hopper by the ascending movement of the sliding block, without additional power to drive the feeding port to close, simplifying the equipment structure. The setting of the pull spring can provide reset power for the opening of the baffle, ensure the smooth reset action of the baffle after closing, and the closed feeding hopper can effectively isolate the heat in the furnace from dissipating outward, reduce energy waste, also can prevent the gas leakage generated in the heating process, improve the safety of equipment operation.

[0041] Specifically, the limiting rod 63 is hollow, the push rod 23 is inserted into the limiting rod 63, the side wall of the push rod 23 is provided with an abutting block 25, the side wall of the limiting rod 63 is provided with a sliding groove for the abutting block 25 to pass through, the lower end of the side wall of the push rod 23 is provided with an elastic limiting column which can be extended and retracted, the lower end of the side wall of the limiting rod 63 is provided with a limiting hole 66 which cooperates with the elastic limiting column, and the limiting hole 66 is located below the bottommost turnover material receiving assembly 5. When the sliding block 64 pushes the baffle 22 to close the feeding hopper 21, the elastic limiting column is inserted into the limiting hole 66.

[0042] From the above description, it can be seen that the cooperation of the hollow structure of the limiting rod and the push rod, combined with the locking mechanism of the abutting block, the elastic limiting column and the limiting hole, can realize stable locking of the baffle after the sliding block pushes the baffle to close the feeding hopper, avoiding accidental opening of the baffle due to changes in pressure in the furnace or slight vibration of the equipment during heating. The locking position is located below the bottommost turnover material receiving assembly, which can ensure precise matching of the locking action and the completed state of the material receiving structure, further improving the stability of the equipment operation and ensuring the continuity and safety of the heating process.

[0043] Specifically, the inner wall of the box body 61 is provided with an unlocking assembly for unlocking the elastic limiting column.

[0044] The unlocking assembly includes a rotating rod 67 rotatably connected to the inner wall of the box body 61, the outer wall of the rotating rod 67 is symmetrically fixed with a cam 68 at opposite ends, the protruding part of the cam 68 is provided with an unlocking column 69, the outer wall of the rotating rod 67 is provided with a drive gear 610 through a one-way bearing, and the sliding block 64 is provided with a second rack 611 which cooperates with the drive gear 610.

[0045] From the above description, it can be seen that the unlocking assembly cooperates with the drive gear with a one-way bearing through the rotating rod, the cam and the unlocking column to realize precise timing control of the unlocking action. The one-way bearing ensures that the drive gear only drives the rotating rod to move at a specific cycle stage, ensuring that the unlocking is triggered only after the material is completely emptied, avoiding accidental opening of the feeding port during feeding, heating or unloading. The unlocking process is smooth and impact-free, improving the reliability of the locking and unlocking cycle and ensuring the orderliness of the cyclic operation of the equipment.

[0046] Specifically, the inner wall of the furnace body 1 is hingedly connected with a feeding plate 3 which cooperates with the feeding device 2, the upper end of the first double-threaded lead screw 62 is fixed with a driving bevel gear 612, the inner wall of the box body 61 is slidably connected with a threaded sleeve 613 which is inserted into the furnace body 1 and hingedly connected with the back of the feeding plate 3, the inner cavity of the threaded sleeve 613 is threadedly connected with a second double-threaded lead screw 614, and one end of the second double-threaded lead screw 614 is fixed with a driven bevel gear 615 which is meshingly connected with the driving bevel gear 612.

[0047] From the above description: the linkage structure of the feeding plate and the driving mechanism converts the rotation of the first bidirectional screw rod into the angle adjustment of the feeding plate through the bevel gear pair and the screw sleeve mechanism, without the need for additional independent driving components, simplifying the equipment structure, reducing equipment manufacturing costs and maintenance difficulty. The angle of the feeding plate can be automatically adjusted according to the cycle stage, which can guide the material to be smoothly laid on the top layer of the material receiving plate, avoid material accumulation or scattering, and improve the uniformity of feeding.

[0048] Specifically, the outer wall of the threaded sleeve 613 is provided with a limiting strip, and the side wall of the furnace body 1 is provided with a through hole matched with the threaded sleeve 613.

[0049] From the above description: the cooperation of the limiting strip on the outer wall of the threaded sleeve and the through hole in the side wall of the furnace can effectively limit the rotation of the threaded sleeve, ensure that it accurately converts the rotational motion of the second bidirectional screw rod into axial movement, and avoid the deviation of the angle adjustment of the feeding plate caused by the deflection of the threaded sleeve. Precise angle adjustment can ensure the stability of the feeding guide effect, improve the uniformity of material laying, and thus ensure the consistency of subsequent heating treatment, and enhance the accuracy of the overall operation of the equipment.

[0050] Specifically, the cross-sectional shape of the sliding block 64 is concave, and the two limiting rods 63 pass through the two protruding ends of the sliding block 64.

[0051] From the above description: the structure of the sliding block with concave cross section and the limiting rod passing through the two protruding ends can further improve the guiding accuracy and stability of the up and down movement of the sliding block, and avoid the left and right deflection or shaking of the sliding block during movement. Stable sliding block movement can ensure that the engagement between the first rack and the rotating gear and the second rack and the driving gear is always accurate, reducing the wear of gear transmission and prolonging the service life of the equipment, while ensuring the accurate triggering of each executing component, improving the reliability of the equipment operation, and also avoiding the active bevel gear.

[0052] Specifically, the receiving surface of the material receiving plate 52 is provided with a plurality of convex strips 521, and the material receiving plate 52 is provided with a ventilation hole, and the top of the furnace body 1 is communicated with an exhaust pipe.

[0053] From the above description: the convex strips on the surface of the material receiving plate can increase the distance between the material and the material receiving plate, and the setting of the ventilation hole can promote the up and down circulation of the hot gas flow in the furnace, so that each layer of material can fully contact the heat, improving the heating uniformity. The exhaust pipe at the top of the furnace can timely discharge the pyrolysis gas generated during heating, avoid the accumulation of gas in the furnace affecting the reaction effect, and reduce the safety hidden danger caused by the excessive pressure in the furnace, and optimize the reaction environment.

[0054] Specifically, the heating element 4 is an electric heating radiant tube, a gas burner or an induction coil, and the heating element 4 is arranged between adjacent two layers of the turnover material receiving assembly 5.

[0055] From the above description: the heating element is installed between the two adjacent layers of the turnover material supporting assembly, which can make the heat directly act on the surrounding of each layer of material, shorten the heat transfer path, improve the heating efficiency, ensure the uniform heating of each layer of material, avoid the local overheating or insufficient heating, and guarantee the consistency of the waste battery treatment effect.

[0056] Embodiment one of the present application is:

[0057] A kind of heat reaction furnace for waste battery heating treatment, it mainly includes furnace body 1, feeding device 2, heating element 4, multiple layer turnover material supporting assembly 5 and drive mechanism 6.

[0058] Furnace body 1 is usually vertical cylindrical or square cylindrical structure, its bottom is tapered into a cone, forms conical discharge port, facilitates the final collection and discharge of material;Furnace body 1 top can be provided with exhaust pipe, for discharging pyrolysis gas, the inner wall of furnace body 1 is lined with refractory insulation material.

[0059] Heating element 4 is installed in the side wall of the inner cavity of furnace body 1, located between the space of adjacent two layers of turnover material supporting assembly 5, heating element 4 can be selected according to the type of energy, for example, electric heating radiant tube, gas burner or induction coil, etc., for providing the heat required for pyrolysis.

[0060] Turnover material supporting assembly 5 is arranged in multiple layers along the height direction of furnace body 1, each layer of turnover material supporting assembly 5 includes two parallel and horizontal rotating shafts 51, rotating shaft 51 is rotatably supported on the side wall of furnace body 1 through bearing seat, material supporting plate 52 is installed between the two rotating shafts 51, material supporting plate 52 is preferably made of heat-resistant metal material, the surface of its material supporting plate 52 can be provided with several parallel convex strips 521, so that the material and the surface of material supporting plate 52 are spaced apart, at the same time, a plurality of air holes are formed in material supporting plate 52, allowing hot air to flow up and down. One end of rotating shaft 51 penetrates the side wall of furnace body 1 and is fixedly installed with a rotating gear 53 outside.

[0061] Drive mechanism 6 is arranged in the box 61 outside the furnace body 1, the box 61 is fixed to the side wall of the furnace body 1, the first bidirectional screw rod 62 and the two parallel limiting rods 63 are vertically installed in the box 61, the first bidirectional screw rod 62 is driven to rotate by the driving part, such as motor, installed at the bottom of the box 61, a sliding block 64 is threadedly connected to the first bidirectional screw rod 62 and is penetrated by the two limiting rods 63 to limit its only upward and downward sliding, the cross section of the sliding block 64 is concave, the convex parts on both sides of the sliding block 64 are outside the two limiting rods 63, and a first rack 65 is fixedly installed on both sides of the sliding block 64.

[0062] In the initial state, all the turnover material receiving assemblies 5 are in the vertical avoiding position, i.e. the material receiving plates 52 are substantially vertical, the furnace is unobstructed from top to bottom, and the baffle 22 below the feeding hopper 21 is in the open state under the action of the tension spring 24.

[0063] When the feeding preparation starts, the driving member is started to drive the first bidirectional screw rod 62 to rotate, so that the sliding block 64 starts to move upward from the initial position at the bottom. When the sliding block 64 moves to between the two rotating gears 53 of the bottom layer, the first gear racks 65 on both sides of the sliding block 64 start to mesh with the two rotating gears 53. With the continuous upward movement of the sliding block 64, the two rotating shafts 51 of the layer are driven to rotate in opposite directions synchronously through the gear rack and gear transmission, so as to drive the material receiving plate 52 to rotate from the vertical state to the horizontal state. When the sliding block 64 passes through the pair of gears, the material receiving plate 52 is just rotated to the horizontal material receiving position and kept. Then, the sliding block 64 continues to rise to drive the turnover material receiving assemblies 5 from bottom to top to rotate to the horizontal position in the same way. Finally, all the material receiving plates 52 are in the horizontal state to form a multi-layer stepped material receiving structure in the furnace from bottom to top.

[0064] When the sliding block 64 rises to the highest point, the top end of the sliding block 64 pushes the abutting block 25 extending out of the sliding groove of the limiting rod 63, and then pushes the two push rods 23 to move downward. The push rod 23 drives the baffle 22 at the bottom of the feeding hopper 21 to move to close the feeding port. At the same time, the elastic limiting column at the lower end of the push rod 23 moves to the position of the limiting hole 66 at the lower end of the limiting rod 63, and is pushed out under the action of the internal spring to be clamped into the limiting hole 66 to lock the baffle 22 in the closed position.

[0065] After the above actions are completed, the heating element 4 is started to heat the furnace. At this time, other feeding equipment can be used to add the waste and old battery materials to be treated into the feeding hopper 21. The materials are temporarily stored in the feeding hopper 21. When the furnace temperature reaches the set process requirement and a heating cycle is completed, the discharging stage is entered.

[0066] The driving member is reversed to drive the sliding block 64 to move downward. The sliding block 64 first passes through the rotating gears 53 of the uppermost layer to drive the material receiving plate 52 of the uppermost layer to rotate from the horizontal state to the vertical state through the gear rack and gear transmission. The materials of the layer fall onto the next layer of material receiving plate 52. The sliding block 64 continues to move downward to drive the material receiving plates 52 of each layer to rotate to the vertical avoiding position in turn. The materials fall layer by layer, and finally are discharged from the furnace bottom taper. In the process of falling, the second gear rack 611 on the side wall of the sliding block 64 will mesh with the driving gear 610, but since the driving gear 610 is installed on the rotating rod 67 through the one-way bearing, this direction is idle and will not drive the cam 68 to rotate, so the unlocking assembly does not act, and the baffle 22 remains locked in the closed state.

[0067] When the slider 64 is lowered to the bottom, the material is completely emptied, and a complete heating and unloading cycle is completed. At this time, the driving member is again rotated in the positive direction to drive the slider 64 to start a new round of ascending movement, preparing for the next feeding and heating. When the slider 64 rises, the second rack 611 on the side wall thereof is again engaged with the driving gear 610. Under the action of the one-way bearing, this engagement will drive the driving gear 610 and the rotating rod 67 to rotate together. The cam 68 on the rotating rod 67 is rotated accordingly, driving the two unlocking columns 69 to rotate towards the limiting rod 63. The end of the unlocking column 69 presses the elastic limiting column at the lower end of the push rod 23, causing it to retract from the locking position of the limiting hole 66. Once the locking is released, the feeding hopper 21 baffle 22 is immediately driven to quickly rebound upwards under the strong pulling force of the tension spring 24, thereby opening the feeding port. At this time, the material temporarily stored in the feeding hopper 21 immediately falls into the furnace and falls on the bottommost layer of the supporting plate 52 in the horizontal state, completing the feeding.

[0068] At the same time, the slider 64 will again drive each layer of the turnover supporting assembly 5 to rotate to the horizontal supporting position from bottom to top during the ascending process, re-forming a stepped load-bearing structure to prepare for the heating stage of the material. This cycle is repeated to achieve full automation of the sequence control of feeding, heating, and unloading.

[0069] To further optimize the feeding process, a feeding plate 3 is hinged to the inner wall of the furnace body 1 below the outlet of the feeding hopper 21. The inclination angle of the feeding plate 3 is adjustable, and the adjusting mechanism is linked with the driving mechanism 6. A driving bevel gear 612 is fixed to the upper end of the first double-threaded lead screw 62. A threaded sleeve 613 is slidingly connected in the through hole of the box body 61 and the side wall of the furnace body 1. A limiting strip is provided on the outer wall of the threaded sleeve 613 to prevent rotation. One end of the threaded sleeve 613 extends into the furnace body 1 and is hinged to the back of the feeding plate 3. A second double-threaded lead screw 614 is threadedly connected inside the threaded sleeve 613. One end of the lead screw is fixed with a driven bevel gear 615, which is engaged with the driving bevel gear 612. When the first double-threaded lead screw 62 rotates to drive the slider 64 to ascend and descend, the second double-threaded lead screw 614 is also driven to rotate through the bevel gear pair. Since the threaded sleeve 613 cannot rotate, the rotation of the second double-threaded lead screw 614 will be converted into the axial movement of the threaded sleeve 613, thereby pulling or pushing the feeding plate 3 to swing around its hinge point, changing the inclination angle, so that the material can be more evenly discharged.

[0070] The specific working process of the above embodiment is as follows:

[0071] Cycle start (preparation and structure building): the driving motor starts, drives the first bidirectional screw rod 62 to rotate, and drives the sliding block 64 to rise from the initial position at the bottom of the furnace body 1. The sliding block 64 sequentially passes through the rotating gears 53 of each layer of the turnover material supporting assembly 5. When it moves between a pair of gears, the first gear rack 65 on both sides of the sliding block 64 meshes with the pair of gears, driving the two rotating shafts 51 to rotate synchronously and reversely, so as to turn the material supporting plate 52 of the layer from a vertical position to a horizontal material supporting position. The sliding block 64 continues to rise, and sequentially closes each layer of the material supporting plate 52 in the order from the bottom layer to the top layer, and finally builds a stable and stepped layered supporting structure in the furnace from bottom to top.

[0072] Feeding port locking and heating: when the sliding block 64 rises to the highest point of the stroke, the top of the sliding block 64 drives the push rod 23 connected with the feeding baffle 22 to move downward, forcibly closing the feeding port. At the same time, the elastic limiting column at the lower end of the push rod 23 is clamped into the limiting hole 66 of the limiting rod 63, mechanically locking the baffle 22 in the closed state. At this moment, the stepped supporting structure is ready and the feeding port is sealed. Then, the heating elements 4 between the layers are started to heat the furnace. The waste batteries to be treated can be added in advance or during this period into the feeding hopper 21 for temporary storage.

[0073] Discharging process: after heating is completed, the driving motor is reversed, and the sliding block 64 begins to descend. The sliding block 64 sequentially passes through each layer of rotating gears 53, driving each layer of the material supporting plate 52 to turn back to the vertical avoiding position in turn from the uppermost layer. The materials on the horizontal plate fall layer by layer under the action of gravity, and finally all the materials are discharged through the bottom taper. The key is that during this downward discharging process, the second gear rack 611 on the sliding block 64 is in contact with the driving gear 610 of the unlocking assembly, but the driving gear 610 idles due to the action of the one-way bearing, the unlocking mechanism does not act, and the feeding port remains locked and closed, ensuring that the discharging process is not disturbed.

[0074] Unlocking and next cycle feeding: when the sliding block 64 descends to the bottom and the material is discharged, a treatment cycle is completed. The motor is immediately reversed again to drive the sliding block 64 to rise again, starting a new cycle of preparation. At the initial stage of this rising, the movement of the sliding block 64 drives the rotating rod 67 to rotate through the meshing of the second gear rack 611 and the driving gear 610 (at this time the one-way bearing transmits torque), the cam 68 on the rotating rod 67 pushes the unlocking column 69 to move, and the elastic limiting column retracts, releasing the locking of the push rod 23. The baffle 22 is instantly popped up under the action of the tension spring 24, the feeding port is opened, the temporarily stored materials fall into the furnace and fall on the bottom layer of the material supporting plate 52 which is already in the horizontal position, completing the feeding. At the same time, the sliding block 64 continues its upward stroke, and again drives each layer of the material supporting plate 52 to close from bottom to top, forming a new stepped structure to prepare for the next heating stage.

[0075] In addition, the inclination angle of the feeding plate 3 is automatically adjusted with the position of the sliding block 64 through a bevel gear pair and a screw mechanism in linkage with the main drive to optimize the material feeding trajectory.

[0076] In the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms “mounting”, “setting”, “connecting”, “fixing”, “screwing” and the like should be understood broadly, for example, can be fixed connection, can also be detachable connection, or integrated; can be mechanical connection, can also be electrical connection; can be directly connected, can also be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction relationship of two elements, unless otherwise clearly limited, the above-mentioned terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific meaning of the above-mentioned terms in the present application by the person skilled in the art.

[0077] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present application, and the scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A thermal reactor for the heating and treatment of waste batteries, characterized in that: The furnace includes a furnace body (1), the bottom of which is a conical discharge structure. A feeding device (2) is connected to the upper side wall of the furnace body (1). A heating element (4) is installed on the inner wall of the furnace body (1). Multiple horizontally arranged tilting and supporting components (5) are arranged in the inner cavity of the furnace body (1) along the height direction. Each tilting and supporting component (5) can rotate independently between the horizontal supporting position and the vertical avoidance position. A driving mechanism (6) is provided on the outside of the furnace body (1) to sequentially control the tilting action of each tilting and supporting component (5). The drive mechanism (6) is configured to drive each flipping material support assembly (5) to rotate to the horizontal material support position sequentially from the bottom of the furnace body during the feeding stage, thereby forming a multi-layer stepped material support structure in the furnace chamber; when the bottom flipping material support assembly (5) is closed, the feeding device (2) opens to feed material to the top flipping material support assembly (5). The flipping material support assembly (5) includes two parallel rotating shafts (51), with a material support plate (52) installed on the outer wall of the rotating shaft (51), and one end of the rotating shaft (51) passing through the side wall of the furnace body (1) and equipped with a rotating gear (53). The drive mechanism (6) includes a box (61) installed on the side wall of the furnace body (1). A first bidirectional lead screw (62) and two limiting rods (63) are connected between the top and bottom of the inner cavity of the box (61). A slider (64) is threadedly connected to the outer wall of the first bidirectional lead screw (62), and the slider (64) is located between two rotating gears (53). The slider (64) is provided with a first rack (65) that meshes with the two rotating gears (53) on the opposite side walls. A drive component connected to the first bidirectional lead screw (62) is installed at the bottom of the box (61). The feeding device (2) includes a feeding hopper (21) and the feeding hopper (21) is located above the box body (61). A baffle (22) is slidably installed in the inner cavity of the feeding hopper (21). The bottom of the baffle (22) extends out of the bottom of the feeding hopper (21) and is equipped with two push rods (23). The push rods (23) are inserted into the box body (61) and cooperate with the drive mechanism (6). A tension spring (24) is installed on the outer wall of the push rod (23) and the tension spring (24) is located between the feeding hopper (21) and the top of the box body (61). When the slider (64) slides to the top, the slider (64) pushes the push rod (23) and the baffle (22) to slide, so that the baffle (22) closes the feeding hopper (21). The limiting rod (63) has a hollow structure inside. One end of the push rod (23) is inserted into the limiting rod (63). The side wall of the push rod (23) is provided with an abutment block (25). The side wall of the limiting rod (63) is provided with a sliding groove for the abutment block (25) to pass through. The lower side wall of the push rod (23) is provided with a retractable elastic limiting post. The lower side wall of the limiting rod (63) is provided with a limiting hole (66) that cooperates with the elastic limiting post. The limiting hole (66) is located below the bottommost flipping material receiving assembly (5). When the slider (64) pushes the baffle (22) to close the feed hopper (21), the elastic limiting post is inserted into the limiting hole (66).

2. A thermal reactor for heating and treating waste batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the box (61) is provided with an unlocking component for unlocking the elastic limiting post; The unlocking assembly includes a rotating rod (67) rotatably connected to the inner wall of the housing (61). Cams (68) are symmetrically fixed at opposite ends of the outer wall of the rotating rod (67). The protrusion of the cam (68) is provided with an unlocking pin (69). A drive gear (610) is installed on the outer wall of the rotating rod (67) through a one-way bearing. The slider (64) is provided with a second rack (611) that cooperates with the drive gear (610).

3. A thermal reactor for heating and treating waste batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the furnace body (1) is hinged with a feeding plate (3) that cooperates with the feeding device (2). The upper outer wall of the first bidirectional screw (62) is fixed with a driving bevel gear (612). The inner wall of the box body (61) is slidably connected with a threaded sleeve (613), and one end of the threaded sleeve (613) is inserted into the furnace body (1) and hinged to the back of the feeding plate (3). The inner cavity of the threaded sleeve (613) is threaded with a second bidirectional screw (614), and one end of the second bidirectional screw (614) is fixed with a driven bevel gear (615) that meshes with the driving bevel gear (612).

4. A thermal reactor for heating and treating waste batteries according to claim 3, characterized in that: The outer wall of the threaded sleeve (613) is provided with a limiting strip, and the side wall of the furnace body (1) is provided with a through hole that cooperates with the threaded sleeve (613).

5. A thermal reactor for heating and treating waste batteries according to claim 3, characterized in that: The slider (64) has a concave cross-sectional shape, and two limiting rods (63) pass through the protruding ends on both sides of the slider (64).

6. A thermal reactor for heating and treating waste batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The receiving surface of the material support plate (52) is provided with several protrusions (521), and the material support plate (52) is provided with ventilation holes. The top of the furnace body (1) is connected to an exhaust pipe.

7. A thermal reactor for heating and treating waste batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heating element (4) is an electric radiant tube, a gas burner or an induction coil, and the heating element (4) is disposed between two adjacent layers of flip-over material support assembly (5).

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