Safe operation management method for floating platform in ice area

Abstract

The invention discloses an ice region floating platform safety operation management method, and relates to the technical field of ice region floating platform safety operation, and the method comprises the steps: determining an operation point region, a near-field region and a far-field region of a floating platform based on environment parameters, structure parameters and operation parameters of the floating platform, and performance parameters of an icebreaking operation and maintenance ship; the structure of the platform near the waterline is optimized in the operation point area; carrying out icebreaking operation in a near-field area by utilizing an icebreaking operation and maintenance ship; an ice-resistant device is arranged in a far-field area in advance to pre-crush large-scale sea ice. According to the method, the operation safety of the floating platform in the ice region is guaranteed in a multi-means cooperative ice breaking mode, and the full-time and full-domain safe operation capacity of the floating platform in the cold region is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of ice zone floating platform safe operation, and particularly relates to an ice zone floating platform safe operation management method. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the growth of global energy demand and the increasing strategic position of the polar region, resource exploration and development activities in the polar region and ice zone are becoming more and more frequent. Floating platforms, such as floating wind power platforms, floating production storage and offloading devices, and research platforms, are becoming key equipment for ice zone operations due to their flexibility in deployment and wide range of water depth adaptability. However, the polar ice region environment is complex, and sea ice is one of the main factors threatening the safe operation of floating platforms. The huge momentum and strength of sea ice can generate a huge collision and extrusion load on the platform structure, severely restricting the safe operation and economic benefits of floating platforms in the ice region.

[0003] Currently, the management schemes for the safe operation of floating platforms in the ice region are all formulated for fixed structures, nearshore waters, seasonal ice sealing periods, and low-ice ice conditions, and are limited in application scenarios, which cannot meet the needs of safe operation of floating platforms in complex and variable environments. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the above problems and technical needs, the present application provides an ice zone floating platform safe operation management method, and the technical scheme of the present application is as follows: An ice zone floating platform safe operation management method, comprising the following steps: Obtaining environmental parameters of a sea area where a target operation point of a floating platform is located, determining structural parameters and operation parameters of the floating platform, and determining performance parameters of an ice-breaking operation and maintenance ship; determining a safe operation range of the floating platform based on the environmental parameters, the structural parameters and the operation parameters of the floating platform, and the performance parameters of the ice-breaking operation and maintenance ship, wherein the safe operation range comprises an operation point area, a near-field area and a far-field area; Determining environmental working conditions of the operation point area, constructing a parameterized model of a structure near a waterline of the floating platform, wherein the parameterized model represents the correlation between ice loads on the floating platform in the operation point area and structural design parameters of the structure near the waterline of the floating platform; minimizing the ice loads of the sea ice on the floating platform in the operation point area under each environmental working condition as an optimization objective, taking the comprehensive performance of the floating platform meeting the operation demand as a constraint condition, solving the parameterized model by using an optimization method to obtain optimal structural design parameters, and performing structural optimization according to the optimal structural design parameters; Determining the ice conditions of the near-field area based on the environmental parameters, determining an ice-breaking route of the ice-breaking operation and maintenance ship in the near-field area by using a path planning algorithm, and driving the ice-breaking operation and maintenance ship to perform ice-breaking operations according to the ice-breaking route to control the ice conditions entering the operation point area; The sea ice movement law is determined based on the environmental parameters by using a remote sensing prediction software, and an ice-resistant device is arranged in a far-field area in advance according to the sea ice movement law, the ice-resistant device being used for pre-breaking large-scale sea ice to reduce the ice conditions entering a near-field area.

[0005] The further technical solution is that the environmental parameters include sea ice physical characteristics and sea ice transport characteristics, the structural parameters of the floating platform include a waterline width, the operation parameters of the floating platform include a maximum operation radius, and determining the safe operation range of the floating platform includes: determining a larger value between the predetermined multiple of the waterline width of the floating platform and the maximum operation radius as an upper limit of the operation point range, and determining a circular area with the target operation point as the center and the upper limit of the operation point range as the radius as the operation point area; determining the sea ice physical characteristics and the sea ice transport characteristics of the operation area of the ice-breaking operation and maintenance ship in the predetermined time period, the sea ice physical characteristics representing inherent properties and distribution characteristics of the sea ice, and the sea ice transport characteristics representing movement and transmission characteristics of the sea ice in the marine environment; according to the performance parameters of the ice-breaking operation and maintenance ship and the sea ice physical characteristics and the sea ice transport characteristics, determining that the operation area of the ice-breaking operation and maintenance ship is the near-field area under the condition that the ice-breaking amount of the ice-breaking operation and maintenance ship meets the ice-breaking requirement; determining the sea ice physical characteristics and the sea ice transport characteristics of the large-scale sea ice in the sea area where the target operation point is located in the predetermined time period by using a geophysical analysis method, and determining the far-field area based on the sea ice physical characteristics and the sea ice transport characteristics.

[0006] The further technical solution is that the performance parameters of the ice-breaking operation and maintenance ship include an ice-breaking width, an ice-breaking thickness, an ice-breaking speed, and an effective operation time, the sea ice physical characteristics include an ice thickness and an ice area, the sea ice transport characteristics include a sea ice movement speed and a sea ice movement direction, and determining the near-field area includes: determining the ice-breaking amount of the ice-breaking operation and maintenance ship based on the ice-breaking width, the ice-breaking thickness, the ice-breaking speed of the ice-breaking operation and maintenance ship, and the effective operation time of the ice-breaking operation and maintenance ship in the predetermined time period; determining the operation area of the ice-breaking operation and maintenance ship in the predetermined time period based on the sea ice movement speed and the sea ice movement direction, and determining the total amount of sea ice entering the operation point area from the operation area of the ice-breaking operation and maintenance ship in the predetermined time period in combination with the ice thickness and the ice area in the operation area of the ice-breaking operation and maintenance ship; determining that the operation area of the ice-breaking operation and maintenance ship is the near-field area under the condition that the ice-breaking amount of the ice-breaking operation and maintenance ship in the predetermined time period is not less than the total amount of sea ice entering the operation point area.

[0007] The further technical solution is that determining the far-field area includes: The initial state parameters of large-scale sea ice are determined, and the predicted values ​​of environmental parameters within a predetermined time period are determined using remote sensing forecasting software. Based on the predicted values ​​of environmental parameters and the initial state parameters of large-scale sea ice, the movement range of large-scale sea ice under the corresponding environmental parameter prediction environment is determined as the far-field region using geophysical analysis methods.

[0008] The further technical solution is that a cone structure is set at the waterline of the floating platform's legs, and the height direction of the cone structure is perpendicular to the height direction of the legs; the environmental conditions include sea ice physical characteristics, sea ice transport characteristics and wave conditions, and at least one of the sea ice physical characteristics, sea ice transport characteristics and wave conditions in any two environmental conditions is different. The optimization objective for the near-waterline structure of the floating platform is determined to be: minimizing the comprehensive ice load on the floating platform within the operating area under various environmental conditions. , n This is the total number of environmental operating conditions. It is the ice load under the i-th environmental condition. It is the weight of the i-th environmental condition; The constraints for optimizing the structure near the waterline of the floating platform are: the weight of the cone structure does not exceed the design weight value, and the initial stability height of the floating platform is not lower than the design initial stability height value.

[0009] A further technical solution involves deploying anti-icing devices in the far-field region, including: The initial state parameters of large-scale sea ice are determined based on environmental parameters. The predicted values ​​of environmental parameters within a predetermined time period are determined using remote sensing forecasting software. Based on the predicted values ​​of environmental parameters and the initial state parameters of large-scale sea ice, the sea ice movement speed and direction in the far field region within the predetermined time period are determined using geophysical analysis methods. Based on the speed and direction of sea ice movement in the far field region, the transport routes of large-scale sea ice from the far field region to the near field region and the accumulation areas of sea ice in the far field region are determined, and anti-ice devices are deployed in advance in the transport routes and accumulation areas.

[0010] The further technical solution is that the anti-ice device is a buoy. The buoy is deployed in the route area and the gathering area by the operation and maintenance vessel, and the buoy is fixed in the predetermined area on the sea surface by the anchor chain fixed to the seabed, so as to use the kinetic energy of the sea ice itself to carry out large-scale sea ice pre-breakup.

[0011] The further technical solution involves determining the icebreaking route of the icebreaking maintenance vessel in the near-field area and driving the icebreaking maintenance vessel to carry out icebreaking operations according to the icebreaking route, including: Based on the environmental parameters of the sea area where the floating platform is located, the ice conditions in the near field are determined, and icebreaking maintenance vessels with corresponding icebreaking capabilities are selected according to the ice conditions in the near field. The ice conditions indicate the degree of sea ice danger. Based on the performance parameters of the icebreaking maintenance vessel, the constraints of the icebreaking operation of the icebreaking maintenance vessel are determined, and the icebreaking route that meets the constraints is determined by the path planning method based on the physical characteristics and transport characteristics of sea ice in the near field area. The appropriate icebreaking method is determined based on the physical characteristics of sea ice, and the icebreaking maintenance vessel is controlled to carry out icebreaking operations along the icebreaking route using the corresponding icebreaking method.

[0012] The further technical solution involves considering the physical characteristics of sea ice, including ice width and ice thickness; and determining suitable icebreaking methods based on these physical characteristics, including: For any sea ice, when the ice width exceeds the width threshold and the ice thickness exceeds the thickness threshold, the icebreaking method for breaking up the sea ice is determined to be the swirling icebreaking method; otherwise, the icebreaking method for breaking up the sea ice is determined to be the Z-shaped icebreaking method.

[0013] The beneficial technical effects of this application are: This application discloses a method for safe operation management of floating platforms in ice-covered areas. It effectively manages the safe operation of floating platforms in ice-covered areas by introducing multi-mode, efficient icebreaking technology. Considering the applicability of different icebreaking methods, the safe operation range of the floating platform is divided into multiple scales, laying an important foundation for the matching and integration of different icebreaking methods. Optimizing the design of the near-waterline structure of the floating platform effectively improves its ice resistance, thereby enhancing the icebreaking capability of the operation area. Optimizing the icebreaking path of the icebreaking maintenance vessel ensures effective breaking of floating ice fragments in the near-field area, reducing ice conditions in the operation area and further improving operational safety. Pre-deploying anti-ice devices in the far-field area to pre-break up large-scale sea ice in the far-field area effectively improves the icebreaking efficiency of the near-field icebreaking maintenance vessel, further ensuring the safe operation of the floating platform. Through the matching and integration of multi-scale, multi-mode, efficient icebreaking technologies, the safe operation capability of floating platforms in complex, high-ice-condition polar environments can be significantly improved, without seasonal or regional limitations, enabling safe operation of floating platform equipment in cold regions at all times and in all areas. This method has good implementation results and technical maturity, and can comprehensively and multidimensionally improve the anti-ice operation capability of floating platform structures in polar regions, laying an important technical foundation for realizing the polar strategy. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the safe operation management method for floating platforms.

[0015] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of multi-mode icebreaking in an example. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The specific embodiments of this application will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0017] This application discloses a method for safe operation management of floating platforms in ice-covered areas. Please refer to [the relevant documentation]. Figure 1 The flowchart shown illustrates the specific steps of this method as follows: Step 1: Obtain the environmental parameters of the sea area where the target operation point of the floating platform is located, determine the structural and operational parameters of the floating platform, and determine the performance parameters of the icebreaking maintenance vessel.

[0018] Using satellite remote sensing, ice-detecting radar, cameras / sensors around the work site, drone patrols, and manual on-site observation, environmental parameters of the sea area where the floating platform's target work site is located are continuously collected. These environmental parameters include sea ice physical characteristics and sea ice transport characteristics. Sea ice physical characteristics characterize the inherent properties and distribution characteristics of sea ice, including data such as ice thickness, ice area, density, and size distribution. Sea ice transport characteristics characterize the movement and transmission characteristics of sea ice in the marine environment, including data such as sea ice movement speed and sea ice movement direction.

[0019] The structural and operational parameters of floating platforms, as well as the performance parameters of icebreaking maintenance vessels, are all predetermined known quantities. The structural parameters of floating platforms include waterline width and draft, while their operational parameters include maximum operating radius, operating cycle, and operating water depth. The performance parameters of icebreaking maintenance vessels include icebreaking width, icebreaking thickness, icebreaking speed, and effective operating time.

[0020] Step 2: Determine the safe operating range of the floating platform based on environmental parameters, structural parameters, operational parameters, and performance parameters of the icebreaking maintenance vessel. The safe operating range includes the operating point area, near-field area, and far-field area.

[0021] This application aims to effectively support the safe operation of floating platforms in ice-covered areas, construct a comprehensive and efficient icebreaking management method for complex polar environments with high ice conditions, and achieve the effective matching and integration of multi-mode efficient icebreaking technologies for floating platform operations. By delineating multi-scale safe operation areas and combining the marine environment and the operational needs of the floating platform, the operating area of ​​the floating platform is divided into far-field, near-field, and operation point. This multi-scale, layered protection of floating platform operational safety can improve operational safety and extend service life, providing a feasible equipment operation management reference scheme for implementing polar strategies and maximizing polar benefits.

[0022] In one embodiment, determining the safe operating range of a floating platform includes: (1) Work site area The upper limit of the operational area is determined by the larger of a predetermined multiple of the floating platform's waterline width and its maximum operating radius. A circular area centered on the target operational point and with a radius equal to this upper limit is defined as the operational area. The predetermined multiple of the floating platform's waterline width is the reserved area for sea ice operation, typically three times the platform's waterline width. The operational area is the operational range of the floating platform, and its radius is usually less than 1 km.

[0023] (2) Near-field region The physical and transport characteristics of sea ice in the operating area of ​​the icebreaking maintenance vessel are determined within a predetermined time period. Based on the performance parameters of the icebreaking maintenance vessel and these characteristics, the operating area of ​​the icebreaking maintenance vessel is determined to be the near-field area, provided that its icebreaking volume meets the icebreaking requirements. The predetermined time period can be customized according to actual application needs, for example, it can be set as the operating cycle of the icebreaking maintenance vessel.

[0024] The delineation of the near-field zone needs to consider both the icebreaking performance of the icebreaking maintenance vessel and the inherent properties and motion characteristics of floating ice fragments within the near-field area. Specifically, the performance parameters of the icebreaking maintenance vessel include icebreaking width, icebreaking thickness, icebreaking speed, and effective operating time; sea ice physical characteristics include ice thickness and ice area; and sea ice transport characteristics include sea ice movement speed and direction. Determining the near-field zone includes: Based on the icebreaking width, icebreaking thickness, icebreaking speed of the icebreaking maintenance vessel, and its effective operating time within a predetermined time period, the icebreaking capacity of the icebreaking maintenance vessel is determined; assuming the icebreaking width of the icebreaking maintenance vessel is... Ice-breaking thickness is Ice-breaking speed is The effective operating time of the icebreaking maintenance vessel within the scheduled time period is Determine the icebreaking capacity of icebreaking maintenance vessels. , It is the icebreaking efficiency coefficient, which is determined based on the design performance of the maintenance vessel and operational experience, and is usually taken as 0.6-0.8; Based on the sea ice movement speed and direction, the operating area of ​​the icebreaking maintenance vessel within a predetermined time period is determined. Combined with the ice thickness and area within the icebreaking maintenance vessel's operating area, the total amount of sea ice entering the operating area from the icebreaking maintenance vessel's operating area within the predetermined time period is determined. Assume the ice thickness within the icebreaking maintenance vessel's operating area is... The ice area is And determine the total amount of sea ice entering the work site area from the icebreaking maintenance vessel's operating area within the predetermined time period. ; Assuming the icebreaking volume of the icebreaking maintenance vessel within the predetermined time period is not less than the total amount of sea ice entering the operational area, the operational area of ​​the icebreaking maintenance vessel is the near-field area, with a radius generally ranging from 1 to 10 km. If the icebreaking volume of the icebreaking maintenance vessel... ≥ Total sea ice If the ice-breaking capacity is within the efficient processing capacity of the icebreaking vessel, then the ice-breaking capacity needs to be within the operational area; otherwise, the operational area needs to be reduced to a level that matches the ice-breaking capacity. By quantitatively comparing icebreaking capacity and sea ice processing requirements, it is ensured that the near-field range is within the boundary of the efficient processing capacity of the icebreaking vessel.

[0025] (3) Far field region Geophysical analysis methods were used to determine the physical and transport characteristics of large-scale sea ice in the target operational area over a predetermined time period, and the far-field region was determined based on these characteristics. Large-scale sea ice is defined by its size and spatial distribution, referring to sea ice bodies with wide coverage and large areas (such as large areas of floating ice or continuous fixed ice belts). Its core characteristic is its large spatial scale, which is usually related to the overall distribution and movement range of sea ice (such as sea ice regions extending tens to hundreds of kilometers in polar seas).

[0026] Since icebreaking maintenance vessels in the near-field area can break up smaller sea ice such as floating ice floes, for the far-field area which is far from the target operation point, it is necessary to focus on the movement patterns of large-scale sea ice in order to develop corresponding icebreaking methods to break up large-scale sea ice, thereby ensuring that sea ice entering the near-field area can be handled by icebreaking maintenance vessels, and thus ensuring the safety of the operation point.

[0027] Specifically, determining the far-field region includes: determining the initial state parameters of large-scale sea ice; using remote sensing forecasting software to determine the predicted values ​​of environmental parameters within a predetermined time period; and using geophysical analysis methods to determine the range of movement of large-scale sea ice under the corresponding environmental parameter prediction environment as the far-field region, based on the predicted environmental parameter values ​​and the initial state parameters of large-scale sea ice. The radius of the far-field region is generally greater than 10 km.

[0028] To determine the far-field region based on geophysical analysis results of sea ice movement range under the influence of wind, waves, and currents, it is necessary to comprehensively consider both long-term and short-term forecast data of wind, waves, and currents, as well as the influencing mechanisms of sea ice movement patterns. First, large-scale initial state data of sea ice (such as thickness, concentration, and location) are determined. Then, wind, wave, and current forecast data are obtained using remote sensing forecasting software such as ORAS and OCEAN. These data serve as core input parameters for geophysical analysis methods, supporting the quantitative analysis of the influencing mechanisms of sea ice movement patterns. Geophysical analysis methods (such as fluid-ice interaction models and sea ice transport geophysical analysis models) utilize environmental parameter predictions provided by forecasting software to simulate the transport path, velocity, and maximum movement range of sea ice under this environment. Simultaneously, the sea ice model outputs from forecasting software (such as sea ice drift trajectories) can be used to optimize the parameters of the geophysical model (such as ice-water friction coefficient and ice intensity threshold), improving analysis accuracy. Detailed steps of the geophysical analysis methods can be found in existing technologies and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0029] By combining the sea ice movement range results obtained from geophysical analysis with the forecast results from forecasting software, a deep integration of theoretical methods and actual data is achieved, ensuring the accuracy and practicality of sea ice movement prediction and providing decision support for the safe operation management of floating platforms in ice-covered areas.

[0030] Step 3: Develop corresponding icebreaking strategies for different safe operating areas to achieve efficient icebreaking in multiple modes. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 2 The multi-mode icebreaking diagram shown demonstrates how a progressive icebreaking approach, involving icebreaking technologies in the far-field, entry, and work areas, ensures the safety of floating platform operations in ice-covered areas. This provides a feasible comprehensive auxiliary management strategy for the safe entry and operation of floating structures such as floating wind turbines and exploration vessels into polar regions.

[0031] (1) Determine the environmental conditions of the work site area and construct a parametric model of the structure near the waterline of the floating platform. The parametric model represents the relationship between the ice load on the floating platform in the work site area and the structural design parameters near the waterline of the floating platform. With minimizing the ice load on the floating platform from sea ice in the work site area under various environmental conditions as the optimization objective and ensuring that the comprehensive performance of the floating platform meets the operational requirements as the constraint, the parametric model is solved using optimization methods to obtain the optimal structural design parameters, and the structure is optimized according to the optimal structural design parameters. Among them, the optimization method can adopt existing technologies, such as convex optimization methods.

[0032] The structural parameters of the floating platform also include the dimensions and number of its legs. In one embodiment, the structure near the waterline of the floating platform is a cone structure, meaning that a cone structure is provided near the waterline of the legs, and the height direction of the cone structure is perpendicular to the height direction of the legs. Environmental conditions include sea ice physical characteristics, sea ice transport characteristics, and wave conditions. At least one of the sea ice physical characteristics, sea ice transport characteristics, and wave conditions differs between any two environmental conditions. Sea ice physical characteristics include ice thickness, sea ice transport characteristics include sea ice movement speed, and wave conditions include wave period and wave height. By changing the design parameters of the cone structure near the waterline, the effect of improving sea ice breaking efficiency in the environment of the work site area is analyzed, thereby reducing the ice forces encountered while balancing the platform's weight, stability, and other conventional performance indicators. When the platform's weight, stability, and other conventional performance indicators meet predetermined requirements, the overall performance of the floating platform meets the operational needs. The specific values ​​of the predetermined requirements for meeting operational needs are set according to the actual application.

[0033] Constructing a parametric model of the structure near the waterline is a method of digitally defining and driving the generation of the three-dimensional geometry of the platform's near-waterline region using a finite number of clearly defined design variables. Its core lies in establishing a set of rules or functional relationships that allow for the automatic and unique generation of a complete structural geometric model usable for subsequent analyses (such as simulation and manufacturing) simply by inputting specific parameter values. This application, through sensitivity analysis of structural design parameters, identifies key parameters that meet the requirements for ice load influence and constructs a parametric model of the floating platform's near-waterline structure. These key structural design parameters include the tilt angle of the cone structure surface, the height of the cone structure, and the wall thickness of the cone structure.

[0034] Large-scale particle simulation methods (such as SPH smoothed particle hydrodynamics) or ice-water tank model testing techniques were employed to simulate the ice loads experienced by the floating platform under different environmental conditions for each set of structural design parameters. The optimization objective for the near-waterline structure of the floating platform was determined to be: minimizing the comprehensive ice load value experienced by the floating platform within the operating area under various environmental conditions. , n This is the total number of environmental operating conditions. It is the ice load under the i-th environmental condition. This represents the weight of the i-th environmental condition. The weight value for each environmental condition is determined based on its occurrence probability or hazard level. .

[0035] The ice load on the floating platform is related to the structural parameters of the floating platform, the structural design parameters of the cone structure, as well as the physical characteristics of sea ice, the transport characteristics of sea ice, and wave conditions. The specific value is determined based on simulation or model test.

[0036] Simultaneously, through hydrodynamic simulation (such as CFD computational fluid dynamics) or model tests, performance index data corresponding to each set of structural design parameters are obtained, and the constraints for structural optimization at the waterline of the floating platform are determined as follows: The constraints for structural optimization near the waterline of the floating platform are as follows: the weight of the cone structure does not exceed the design weight value, and the initial stability height of the floating platform is not lower than the design initial stability height value. The specific values ​​for the design weight and initial stability height are customized based on the actual application. The weight of the cone structure is calculated based on its structural design parameters. For specific calculation methods of the cone structure's weight and the initial stability height of the floating platform, please refer to existing technologies.

[0037] (2) Based on environmental parameters, determine the ice conditions in the near field area, use path planning algorithm to determine the icebreaking route of the icebreaking maintenance vessel in the near field area, and drive the icebreaking maintenance vessel to carry out icebreaking operations according to the icebreaking route in order to control the ice conditions in the area where the operation point is located.

[0038] Based on satellite remote sensing data, on-site observations of sea ice conditions, and the operational capabilities of icebreaking maintenance vessels, a near-field sea ice management scheme for icebreaking maintenance vessels is introduced. Specifically, this involves determining the icebreaking route of the icebreaking maintenance vessel in the near-field area and driving it to perform icebreaking operations according to that route, including: Based on the environmental parameters of the sea area where the floating platform is located, the ice conditions in the near field are determined, and icebreaking maintenance vessels with corresponding icebreaking capabilities are selected according to the ice conditions in the near field. The ice conditions indicate the degree of sea ice danger. First, analyze the ice conditions in the work area. Based on the physical characteristics of sea ice (including ice thickness, ice concentration, and ice type) and the characteristics of sea ice movement (including the direction and speed of sea ice movement), determine the threat level of the sea ice to be broken (e.g., ice thickness > 1m and ice ridge height > 0.5m are considered high threat). Then, select an icebreaking maintenance vessel with appropriate icebreaking capabilities according to the ice conditions. For example, for thick ice / ice ridges: select a heavy icebreaker (capable of breaking ice thickness ≥ 1.5m and ice ridge height ≥ 1m); for scattered floating ice: select a medium icebreaker (capable of breaking ice thickness ≤ 1m).

[0039] Then, based on the performance parameters of the icebreaking maintenance vessel, the constraints for its icebreaking operations are determined. Based on the physical and transport characteristics of sea ice in the near-field region, a path planning method is used to determine icebreaking routes that meet these constraints. The constraints for icebreaking operations are set based on practical application and experience. For example, icebreaking performance constraints include: maximum ice thickness that can be broken, ice ridge height, and avoiding entering ice areas beyond the vessel's capabilities; maneuverability constraints include: minimum turning radius in ice areas (e.g., ≥5 times the vessel length), and maximum speed limits (e.g., ≤3 knots when icebreaking); and safety constraints include: avoiding prolonged stays in areas with ice density >80% to prevent the vessel from being trapped by ice. The path planning method can employ any existing technique. This application uses a method that integrates ship kinematic dynamic constraints and a global-local dual-scale path planning method. Details of this method can be found in the applicant's previously published patent (Publication No. CN120560264A).

[0040] Finally, based on the physical characteristics of sea ice, the appropriate icebreaking method is determined, and the icebreaking maintenance vessel is controlled to carry out icebreaking operations along the icebreaking route using the corresponding icebreaking method.

[0041] Icebreaking vessels, while navigating along icebreaking routes, break up sea ice along those routes. Specifically, the appropriate icebreaking methods, determined based on the physical characteristics of the sea ice, include: Since sea ice exceeding the icebreaking capacity of the icebreaking vessel was avoided when designing the icebreaking route, all sea ice along the route is capable of being broken by the vessel. For any sea ice along the icebreaking route, if the ice width exceeds a width threshold and the ice thickness exceeds a thickness threshold, the icebreaking method for breaking that sea ice is determined to be gyratory icebreaking; otherwise, the icebreaking method for breaking that sea ice is determined to be Z-shaped icebreaking. In gyratory icebreaking, the vessel rotates around the ice, compressing it and using its weight and icebreaking blades to break thick ice (e.g., for thick ice with a width > 50m, the gyratory radius is set to 1.5 times the ice width). In Z-shaped icebreaking, the vessel travels along a Z-shaped route to expand the icebreaking coverage area and break small to medium-sized floating ice (e.g., the Z-shaped spacing is set to 3 times the vessel length). The specific values ​​of the width and thickness thresholds can be customized according to actual application requirements.

[0042] By using icebreaking maintenance vessels to perform multiple fine-tuning processes on sea ice that poses a threat to floating platforms, the sea ice conditions (thickness, density, etc.) entering the floating platform operation area are ensured to be lower than the ice conditions designed for safe operation of the platform.

[0043] (3) Based on environmental parameters, remote sensing forecasting software is used to determine the sea ice movement pattern, and anti-ice devices are deployed in advance in the far field area according to the sea ice movement pattern. The anti-ice devices are used to pre-break up large-scale sea ice in order to reduce the ice conditions entering the near field area.

[0044] By predicting the movement patterns of large-scale sea ice in the far-field region, it is possible to anticipate the movement trends of large-scale sea ice and thus enable targeted deployment of anti-icing devices. Specifically, deploying anti-icing devices in the far-field region includes: The initial state parameters of large-scale sea ice are determined based on environmental parameters. The predicted values ​​of environmental parameters within a predetermined time period are determined using remote sensing forecasting software. Based on the predicted values ​​of environmental parameters and the initial state parameters of large-scale sea ice, the sea ice movement speed and direction in the far field region within the predetermined time period are determined using geophysical analysis methods. Based on the speed and direction of sea ice movement in the far field region, the transport routes of large-scale sea ice from the far field region to the near field region and the accumulation areas of sea ice in the far field region are determined, and anti-ice devices are deployed in advance in the transport routes and accumulation areas.

[0045] Taking into account the combined driving effects of wind, waves, and currents on sea ice, the movement range, direction, and aggregation patterns of sea ice in the far-field region (>10km) are determined. This allows for the identification of critical sea ice transport paths (such as the necessary channels for large sea ice to move towards the platform's near-field) and aggregation areas. Anti-icing devices are then deployed upstream of the sea ice movement or in ice edge aggregation areas to ensure precise interception of target sea ice. Furthermore, based on predictions of sea ice movement speed and direction, anti-icing devices are deployed in advance via maintenance vessels, ensuring their deployment before large sea ice arrives and maximizing pre-breakup effectiveness.

[0046] Ice-breaking devices are devices capable of breaking up large-scale sea ice. The specific type of device can be selected according to actual needs. Considering the convenience of deployment and operation as well as the requirements for ice-breaking effect, this application adopts buoys as ice-breaking devices. The buoys are deployed in the route area and the gathering area by the maintenance vessel, and the buoys are fixed in the predetermined area on the sea surface by the anchor chain fixed to the seabed, so as to use the kinetic energy of the sea ice itself to pre-break up large-scale sea ice.

[0047] Utilizing the kinetic energy characteristics of sea ice movement, the buoy is constrained by an anchor chain to maintain a certain range of motion. When large pieces of sea ice collide with the buoy, the buoy swings or shifts slightly in the direction of the sea ice's movement. Through repeated contact, compression, and friction with the sea ice, fatigue cracks are generated inside the ice, causing it to gradually break apart, perfectly matching the energy patterns of sea ice movement. By leveraging the kinetic energy of sea ice movement, large pieces of sea ice can be pre-fragmented without additional energy consumption, breaking them down into smaller ice blocks. This reduces the ice conditions in the near-field area, thereby reducing the difficulty of icebreaking tasks for icebreaking maintenance vessels in the near-field area.

[0048] Finally, throughout the entire operation of the floating platform, it is necessary to continuously monitor the sea ice conditions at the operating site and dynamically adjust the safe operating range and icebreaking strategy in a timely manner. This ensures that the sea ice conditions in the operating area remain within the safe design range, preventing ice fragments from accumulating or flowing back, which could lead to safety indicators exceeding limits. Specifically, the reliability of the safe operating range and the feasibility of subsequent combined management methods can be comprehensively determined by statistically analyzing indicators such as the frequency, degree, and range of sea ice's impact on the floating platform.

[0049] The above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of this application, and this application is not limited to the above embodiments. It is understood that other improvements and variations that can be directly derived or conceived by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and concept of this application should be considered to be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for safe operation management of floating platforms in ice-covered areas, characterized in that, The method for safe operation management of floating platforms in ice-covered areas includes: Obtain environmental parameters of the sea area where the target operation point of the floating platform is located, determine the structural and operational parameters of the floating platform, and determine the performance parameters of the icebreaking maintenance vessel; based on the environmental parameters, structural parameters, operational parameters of the floating platform, and performance parameters of the icebreaking maintenance vessel, determine the safe operating range of the floating platform, which includes the operation point area, near-field area, and far-field area; The environmental conditions of the work site area are determined, and a parametric model of the structure near the waterline of the floating platform is constructed. The parametric model represents the correlation between the ice load on the floating platform in the work site area and the structural design parameters of the floating platform near the waterline. With the goal of minimizing the ice load on the floating platform by sea ice in the work site area under various environmental conditions, and with the constraint that the comprehensive performance of the floating platform meets the operational requirements, the parametric model is solved using optimization methods to obtain the optimal structural design parameters, and the structure is optimized according to the optimal structural design parameters. Based on environmental parameters, the ice conditions in the near-field area are determined. The path planning algorithm is used to determine the icebreaking route of the icebreaking maintenance vessel in the near-field area, and the icebreaking maintenance vessel is driven to carry out icebreaking operations according to the icebreaking route in order to control the ice conditions in the area entering the operation point. Based on environmental parameters, remote sensing forecasting software is used to determine the movement patterns of sea ice. Based on these patterns, anti-ice devices are deployed in advance in the far-field region. These devices are used to pre-break up large-scale sea ice to reduce ice conditions entering the near-field region.

2. The method for safe operation management of floating platforms in ice-covered areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The environmental parameters include the physical characteristics and transport characteristics of sea ice; the structural parameters of the floating platform include the waterline width; the operational parameters of the floating platform include the maximum operating radius; and the safe operating range of the floating platform includes: The larger of a predetermined multiple of the waterline width of the floating platform and the maximum operating radius is determined as the upper limit of the operating point range, and a circular area with the target operating point as the center and the upper limit of the operating point range as the radius is determined as the operating point area. The physical and transport characteristics of sea ice in the operating area of ​​the icebreaking maintenance vessel are determined within a predetermined time period. The physical characteristics of sea ice represent the inherent properties and distribution characteristics of sea ice, while the transport characteristics represent the movement and transmission characteristics of sea ice in the marine environment. Based on the performance parameters of the icebreaking maintenance vessel and the physical and transport characteristics of sea ice, the operating area of ​​the icebreaking maintenance vessel is determined to be the near-field area, provided that the icebreaking volume of the icebreaking maintenance vessel meets the icebreaking requirements. Geophysical analysis methods were used to determine the large-scale sea ice physical characteristics and sea ice transport characteristics of the sea area where the target operation point is located within a predetermined time period, and the far-field region was determined based on the sea ice physical characteristics and sea ice transport characteristics.

3. The method for safe operation management of floating platforms in ice-covered areas according to claim 2, characterized in that, The performance parameters of icebreaking maintenance vessels include icebreaking width, icebreaking thickness, icebreaking speed, and effective operating time. Sea ice physical characteristics include ice thickness and ice surface area. Sea ice transport characteristics include sea ice movement speed and direction. Determining the near-field region includes: Based on the icebreaking width, icebreaking thickness, icebreaking speed of the icebreaking maintenance vessel and the effective operating time of the icebreaking maintenance vessel within a predetermined time period, the icebreaking volume of the icebreaking maintenance vessel is determined. The operating area of ​​the icebreaking maintenance vessel within a predetermined time period is determined based on the speed and direction of sea ice movement. The total amount of sea ice entering the operating area from the icebreaking maintenance vessel's operating area within the predetermined time period is also determined by combining the ice thickness and ice area within the operating area of ​​the icebreaking maintenance vessel. Provided that the icebreaking volume of the icebreaking maintenance vessel within the predetermined time period is not less than the total amount of sea ice entering the operation area, the operation area of ​​the icebreaking maintenance vessel is the near-field area.

4. The method for safe operation management of floating platforms in ice-covered areas according to claim 2, characterized in that, Determining the far-field region includes: The initial state parameters of large-scale sea ice are determined, and the predicted values ​​of environmental parameters within a predetermined time period are determined using remote sensing forecasting software. Based on the predicted values ​​of environmental parameters and the initial state parameters of large-scale sea ice, the movement range of large-scale sea ice under the environment corresponding to the predicted values ​​of environmental parameters is determined as the far-field region using geophysical analysis methods.

5. The method for safe operation management of floating platforms in ice-covered areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The floating platform has a cone-shaped structure near the waterline on its legs, with the height of the cone-shaped structure perpendicular to the height of the legs. The environmental conditions include sea ice physical characteristics, sea ice transport characteristics, and wave conditions, and at least one of the sea ice physical characteristics, sea ice transport characteristics, and wave conditions differs between any two environmental conditions. The optimization objective for the near-waterline structure of the floating platform is determined to be: minimizing the comprehensive ice load on the floating platform within the operating area under various environmental conditions. , n This is the total number of environmental operating conditions. It is the ice load under the i-th environmental condition. It is the weight of the i-th environmental condition; The constraints for optimizing the structure near the waterline of the floating platform are: the weight of the cone structure does not exceed the design weight value, and the initial stability height of the floating platform is not lower than the design initial stability height value.

6. The method for safe operation management of floating platforms in ice-covered areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, Deploying anti-icing devices in the far field includes: The initial state parameters of large-scale sea ice are determined based on environmental parameters. The predicted values ​​of environmental parameters within a predetermined time period are determined using remote sensing forecasting software. Based on the predicted values ​​of environmental parameters and the initial state parameters of large-scale sea ice, the sea ice movement speed and direction in the far field region within the predetermined time period are determined using geophysical analysis methods. Based on the speed and direction of large-scale sea ice movement in the far field region, the transport routes of large-scale sea ice from the far field region to the near field region and the accumulation areas of sea ice in the far field region are determined, and anti-ice devices are deployed in advance in the transport routes and accumulation areas.

7. The method for safe operation management of floating platforms in ice-covered areas according to claim 6, characterized in that, The ice-resistant device is a buoy. The buoy is deployed in the route area and the gathering area by the maintenance vessel, and the buoy is fixed in a predetermined area on the sea surface by the anchor chain fixed to the seabed, so as to use the kinetic energy of the sea ice itself to pre-break up the sea ice on a large scale.

8. The method for safe operation management of floating platforms in ice-covered areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, Determining the icebreaking route of the icebreaking maintenance vessel in the near-field area and driving the icebreaking maintenance vessel to carry out icebreaking operations according to the icebreaking route includes: Based on the environmental parameters of the sea area where the floating platform is located, the ice conditions in the near field are determined, and icebreaking maintenance vessels with corresponding icebreaking capabilities are selected according to the ice conditions in the near field. The ice conditions indicate the degree of sea ice danger. Based on the performance parameters of the icebreaking maintenance vessel, the constraints of the icebreaking operation of the icebreaking maintenance vessel are determined, and the icebreaking route that meets the constraints is determined by the path planning method based on the physical characteristics and transport characteristics of sea ice in the near field area. The appropriate icebreaking method is determined based on the physical characteristics of sea ice, and the icebreaking maintenance vessel is controlled to carry out icebreaking operations along the icebreaking route using the corresponding icebreaking method.

9. The method for safe operation management of floating platforms in ice-covered areas according to claim 7, characterized in that, The physical characteristics of the sea ice include ice width and ice thickness; the appropriate icebreaking method is determined based on the physical characteristics of the sea ice, including: For any sea ice, if the ice width exceeds the width threshold and the ice thickness exceeds the thickness threshold, the icebreaking method for breaking the sea ice is determined to be the swirling icebreaking method; otherwise, the icebreaking method for breaking the sea ice is determined to be the Z-shaped icebreaking method.

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