Power grid relay protection method based on digital twin model and related equipment

Abstract

The application discloses a power grid relay protection method based on a digital twin model and related equipment. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining protection function logic inside a relay protection device of different protection types; constructing a protection device digital twin model of the relay protection device based on the protection function logic and an intelligent electronic device capability description file of the relay protection device; determining a target protection device digital twin model matched with a field protection device in a field smart substation configuration description file in the protection device digital twin model; performing instantiation configuration on the target protection device digital twin model based on the field smart substation configuration description file and field fault data; and determining a protection action behavior of the field protection device by using the instantiated target protection device digital twin model. The application realizes standardized modeling of the protection device digital twin model, completes instantiation of the protection device digital twin model, and significantly improves power grid fault diagnosis.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of power system technology, and in particular to a power grid relay protection method and related equipment based on a digital twin model. Background Technology

[0002] Relay protection is the first line of defense for the safe and stable operation of the power grid. Incorrect operation of relays can lead to the escalation of power grid accidents and even catastrophic consequences such as large-scale power outages. In complex scenarios such as multiple faults in the power grid and hidden faults in relay protection, existing fault analysis systems can only extrapolate suspected fault areas based on the operation results of circuit breakers and protection devices. This makes it difficult to quickly, accurately, and automatically determine the actual location and nature of the fault, affecting the rapid handling of accidents and the safety of the power grid. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, this application provides a power grid relay protection method and related equipment based on a digital twin model, which realizes the standardized and scalable modeling of the digital twin model of the protection device, and completes the instantiation of the digital twin model of the protection device by combining the configuration description file of the smart substation, so that the simulation results are highly consistent with the actual protection actions, and significantly improves the power grid fault diagnosis.

[0004] According to one aspect of this application, a power grid relay protection method based on a digital twin model is provided, comprising:

[0005] The protection function logic inside relay protection devices of different protection types is obtained, and the protection function logic is determined according to the protection algorithm adopted by the protection elements that make up the relay protection device;

[0006] Based on the protection function logic and the intelligent electronic device capability description file of the relay protection device, a protection device digital twin model of the relay protection device is constructed;

[0007] In the digital twin model of the protection device, a target digital twin model of the protection device that matches the field protection device in the configuration description file of the smart substation is determined;

[0008] Based on the configuration description file of the intelligent substation and the field fault data, the digital twin model of the target protection device is instantiated and configured.

[0009] Using the instantiated and configured digital twin model of the target protection device, the protection action behavior of the field protection device is determined.

[0010] According to another aspect of this application, a power grid relay protection device based on a digital twin model is provided, comprising:

[0011] The acquisition module is used to acquire the protection function logic inside relay protection devices of different protection types. The protection function logic is determined according to the protection algorithm adopted by the protection elements that make up the relay protection device.

[0012] The construction module is used to construct a protection device digital twin model of the relay protection device based on the protection function logic and the intelligent electronic device capability description file of the relay protection device;

[0013] The protection module is configured to: determine, within the digital twin model of the protection device, a target digital twin model of the protection device that matches the field protection device in the field smart substation configuration description file; and, based on the field smart substation configuration description file and field fault data, instantiate and configure the target digital twin model of the protection device; and, using the instantiated and configured target digital twin model of the protection device, determine the protection action behavior of the field protection device.

[0014] According to another aspect of this application, a readable storage medium is provided having a program or instructions stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the above-described power grid relay protection method based on a digital twin model.

[0015] According to another aspect of this application, a computer device is provided, including a storage medium, a processor, and a computer program stored on the storage medium and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the steps of the above-described power grid relay protection method based on a digital twin model.

[0016] By employing the aforementioned technical solution, this application provides a power grid relay protection method and related equipment based on a digital twin model. Through the intelligent electronic device capability description file and the complex protection function logic within the relay protection device, relay protection devices from different manufacturers and of different types can be modeled in a standardized and scalable manner, constructing a digital twin model of the relay protection device. Furthermore, by fully utilizing the intelligent substation configuration description file, automatic matching between the digital twin model of the protection device and the actual field protection device is achieved. This allows for the instantiation and configuration of the matched target protection device digital twin model, significantly improving modeling efficiency and ensuring a high degree of consistency between the digital twin model and the physical relay protection device in terms of external parameters and internal logic, laying the foundation for accurate simulation. Finally, the instantiated and configured target protection device digital twin model can accurately reproduce the action behavior of the field protection device based on real-world fault data, effectively supporting accurate fault diagnosis of the power grid, objective evaluation of protection action behavior, and closed-loop joint simulation of primary and secondary systems, significantly improving the efficiency of accident analysis and the reliability of decision-making.

[0017] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of this application. In order to better understand the technical means of this application and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of this application more obvious and understandable, the following are specific embodiments of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this application and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments of this application and are used to explain this application, but do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings:

[0019] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating the power grid relay protection method based on a digital twin model provided in an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0020] Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating a power grid relay protection method based on a digital twin model, provided in another embodiment of this application, is shown.

[0021] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the protection algorithm, protection element, and protection device provided in another embodiment of this application is shown;

[0022] Figure 4 A flowchart illustrating the state-space method provided in another embodiment of this application is shown;

[0023] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of an instantiated process provided by another embodiment of this application is shown;

[0024] Figure 6 A structural block diagram of a power grid relay protection device based on a digital twin model provided in an embodiment of this application is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other.

[0026] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0027] Those skilled in the art will understand that, unless specifically stated otherwise, the singular forms “a,” “an,” “the,” and “the” used herein may also include the plural forms. It should be further understood that the term “comprising” as used in this application means the presence of the stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof. It should be understood that when we say an element is “connected” or “attached” to another element, it can be directly connected or attached to the other element, or there may be intermediate elements. Furthermore, “connected” or “attached” as used herein can include wireless connections or wireless interconnections. The term “and / or” as used herein includes all or any unit and all combinations of one or more associated listed items.

[0028] Exemplary embodiments according to this application will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, these exemplary embodiments may be implemented in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein. It should be understood that these embodiments are provided so that the disclosure of this application is thorough and complete, and that the concept of these exemplary embodiments is fully conveyed to those skilled in the art.

[0029] This application provides a power grid relay protection method based on a digital twin model, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the method includes:

[0030] Step 101: Obtain the internal protection function logic of relay protection devices of different protection types.

[0031] The protection function logic is determined based on the protection algorithm used by the protection elements that make up the relay protection device.

[0032] In this step, the common basic algorithm shared by all protection elements is obtained as the protection algorithm. Therefore, protection elements are understood as components built upon protection algorithms to achieve different protection functions. Based on the protection algorithm used by the protection element to implement its protection function, the element protection function logic corresponding to the protection element is determined. Furthermore, the protection function logic corresponding to the protection elements that make up the relay protection device is taken as the internal protection function logic of the relay protection device. It is understood that a relay protection device contains at least one protection function logic.

[0033] Specifically, acquiring various complex protection functions requires the use of basic algorithm components. These basic algorithm components do not directly implement protection functions, but rather provide basic computational and logical processing capabilities. Protection components can implement different and complex protection functions by combining and calling different basic algorithm components. Therefore, the algorithms underlying these basic algorithm components can be extracted as protection algorithms shared by all protection components. Furthermore, different protection algorithms can be combined and encapsulated to obtain protection function components capable of performing a specific and complete protection function. Based on their functions, these protection function components can be categorized into different types of protection components. Thus, based on the role and combination of the protection algorithms used by the protection component to implement its protection function, the corresponding component protection function logic can be determined. The component protection function logic includes input signal processing, intermediate calculation processes, and final judgment and action. Input signal processing describes how the protection component receives and processes input signals, removing noise and interference. The intermediate calculation process describes how the protection component uses the protection algorithm to perform intermediate calculations and obtain key intermediate results. The final judgment and action describe how the protection component makes a final judgment based on the intermediate results and decides whether to trigger a protection action. Ultimately, the component protection function logic corresponding to the different types of protection elements that make up the relay protection device will be used as the internal protection function logic of the relay protection device.

[0034] Step 102: Based on the protection function logic and the intelligent electronic device capability description file of the relay protection device, construct the protection device digital twin model of the relay protection device.

[0035] It should be noted that the Intelligent Electronic Device Capability Description (ICD) describes the functions and engineering capabilities of a specific Intelligent Electronic Device (IED). It includes model self-description information, device manufacturer name, device type, version number, version modification information, explicit description of modification time, and modification version number. Intelligent electronic devices of the same model have the same Intelligent Electronic Device Capability Description.

[0036] It should be noted that the digital twin model of a relay protection device is a virtualized, standardized, and dynamic simulation model of a protection device based on digital twin technology.

[0037] In this step, a subset approach is used to extract all configuration information for the interaction between the relay protection device and external devices from the intelligent electronic device capability description file of the relay protection device. This information is then used as a standardized and structured external characteristic description of the relay protection device, generating an external characteristic description file. This improves the modeling efficiency of subsequent steps and ensures that the digital twin model of the relay protection device built based on the external characteristic description file accurately reflects the function and behavior of the relay protection device as a physical device. Specifically, the external characteristic description file includes four parts: the first part describes the identification information of the relay protection device; the second part describes the external characteristics of the relay protection device, such as settings, parameters, and pressure plate information; the third part describes the external characteristics of the relay protection device, such as input and output quantities; and the fourth part describes the analog external characteristics of the relay protection device.

[0038] Meanwhile, for any complex protection function logic inside the relay protection device, the state space method is adopted to abstract the protection function logic inside the relay protection device into two state space mathematical equations, namely the output equation and the state equation of the protection function logic, so that this embodiment has universality and scalability.

[0039] Therefore, a standardized encapsulation interface is used to encapsulate the external characteristic description file of the relay protection device and the output equation and state equation of the internal protection function logic of the relay protection device, thereby generating a digital twin model of the relay protection device.

[0040] Step 103: In the digital twin model of the protection device, determine the target digital twin model of the protection device that matches the field protection device in the configuration description file of the smart substation.

[0041] It should be noted that the substation configuration description (SCD) comes from the IEC 61850 standard for substations and is the leading document for intelligent substations, clarifying the relationships between various intelligent electronic devices. The IEC 61850 standard defines intelligent electronic devices as follows: "Any device consisting of one or more processors that receives and transmits data from or controls external sources, i.e., electronic multifunction meters, microprocessor-based protection devices, controllers, entities capable of performing one or more logical contact tasks within the scope defined by their interfaces in a specific environment."

[0042] In this step, the configuration description file of the on-site smart substation used in the actual application scenario is obtained. From this file, the manufacturer's name, equipment model, and other identification information of the actual on-site protection devices are extracted. The identification information of the digital twin models of protection devices in the protection device digital twin model library is matched with the identification information of the on-site protection devices to determine the target digital twin model of the on-site protection device.

[0043] Step 104: Based on the configuration description file of the on-site intelligent substation and the on-site fault data, instantiate and configure the digital twin model of the target protection device.

[0044] In this step, configuration information is read from the external characteristic description file of the target protection device digital twin model. Using the configuration name in the configuration information as the keyword, the corresponding field values ​​are extracted from the configuration description file of the smart substation and the field fault data. These field values ​​are then input into the target protection device digital twin model by calling the first encapsulation interface in the target protection device digital twin model to ensure that the target protection device digital twin model is consistent with the actual field protection device, thereby realizing the instantiation of the target digital twin model.

[0045] Step 105: Using the instantiated and configured digital twin model of the target protection device, determine the protection action behavior of the field protection device.

[0046] In this step, upon receiving the simulation command, the second encapsulated interface in the digital twin model of the target protection device is periodically called to execute its internally encapsulated state and output equations, simulating the judgment and action process of the field protection device under actual fault conditions, and outputting the simulated protection action behavior. By comparing the simulation results with the actual scenario requirements, the required protection action behavior of the field protection device is analyzed and determined. After the simulation ends, a termination command is responded to and the third encapsulated interface is called to end the simulation process.

[0047] This application proposes a scheme to subset the intelligent electronic device capability description files of relay protection devices, thereby standardizing the description of the external characteristics of the digital twin model of the protection device. Furthermore, it leverages these standards to instantiate the digital twin model, improving the efficiency of system modeling. To achieve arbitrarily complex protection function logic while maintaining the standardization and flexibility of digital twin modeling, this application employs the state-space method for modeling the internal protection function logic. Based on this, and considering the flexible configuration requirements of the protection function logic, a bottom-up hierarchical modeling method is adopted to improve the reusability and scalability of the digital twin model. Through this standardized modeling, standardized digital twin models of protection devices applicable to different equipment and manufacturers can be generated. Based on the intelligent substation configuration description file, this application implements the setting of input / output, setting values, and other parameters for these models, thereby completing the instantiation of the digital twin model and ultimately running it in application systems such as fault diagnosis.

[0048] In another embodiment of this application, a power grid relay protection method based on a digital twin model is provided, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the method includes:

[0049] Step 201: Based on the protection algorithm adopted by the protection element, determine the element protection function logic corresponding to the protection element, and use the element protection function logic corresponding to the protection element that makes up the relay protection device as the protection function logic inside the relay protection device.

[0050] In this step, the common basic algorithm shared by all protection elements is obtained as the protection algorithm. Therefore, protection elements are understood as components built upon protection algorithms to achieve different protection functions. Based on the protection algorithm used by the protection element to implement its protection function, the element protection function logic corresponding to the protection element is determined. Furthermore, the protection function logic corresponding to the protection elements that make up the relay protection device is taken as the internal protection function logic of the relay protection device. It is understood that a relay protection device contains at least one protection function logic.

[0051] Specifically, acquiring various complex protection functions requires the use of basic algorithm components. These basic algorithm components do not directly implement protection functions, but rather provide basic computational and logical processing capabilities. Protection components can implement different and complex protection functions by combining and calling different basic algorithm components. Therefore, the algorithms underlying these basic algorithm components can be extracted as protection algorithms shared by all protection components. Furthermore, different protection algorithms can be combined and encapsulated to obtain protection function components capable of performing a specific and complete protection function. Based on their functions, these protection function components can be categorized into different types of protection components. Thus, based on the role and combination of the protection algorithms used by the protection component to implement its protection function, the corresponding component protection function logic can be determined. The component protection function logic includes input signal processing, intermediate calculation processes, and final judgment and action. Input signal processing describes how the protection component receives and processes input signals, removing noise and interference. The intermediate calculation process describes how the protection component uses the protection algorithm to perform intermediate calculations and obtain key intermediate results. The final judgment and action describe how the protection component makes a final judgment based on the intermediate results and decides whether to trigger a protection action. Ultimately, the component protection function logic corresponding to the different types of protection elements that make up the relay protection device will be used as the internal protection function logic of the relay protection device.

[0052] For example, such as Figure 3As shown, the basic algorithm components may include digital filtering components, phasor calculation components, small vector calculation components, time relays, and basic logic components. Digital filtering components are used to filter input signals, removing noise and interference. Filtering algorithms can be extracted from these components as protection algorithms; for example, these algorithms may include time-domain filtering algorithms and frequency-domain filtering algorithms. Phasor calculation components are used to calculate the fundamental phasors of voltage, current, and other signals in the power system. Phasor calculation algorithms can be extracted from these components as protection algorithms; for example, these algorithms may include Fourier algorithms and cosine algorithms. Small vector calculation components are used to calculate the difference between two phasors, obtaining the change in the small vector. Small vector calculation algorithms can be extracted from these components as protection algorithms; for example, these algorithms may include differential algorithms and derivative algorithms. Time relays are used to integrate time, and activate when the integral value reaches a set value. Integration algorithms or timing algorithms can be extracted from these relays as protection algorithms. Basic logic components are used for logical operations such as AND, OR, and NOT. Basic logic algorithms can be extracted from these components as protection algorithms; for example, these algorithms may include Boolean logic algorithms. By combining and encapsulating different protection algorithms, we can obtain protection functional components that implement different protection functions, such as power direction components, power frequency change distance components, line phasor differential, and current change initiation. Further classification of these protection functional components yields different categories, such as current components, distance components, line differential components, line initiation components, and phase selection components. Based on the function and combination of the protection algorithms used by each protection component to achieve its protection function, we can determine the corresponding protection function logic. For example, the power direction component in the current component category uses a phasor calculation algorithm and a basic logic algorithm to determine the power direction. In the protection function logic corresponding to the power direction component, a digital filter element filters the input signal to remove noise and interference. Then, a phasor calculation algorithm is used to calculate the phasor values ​​of current and voltage, obtaining the current phasor and voltage phasors. Finally, a basic logic algorithm is used to determine the angle between the current and voltage phasors to determine the power direction. If the power direction meets the set conditions, the protection action is triggered. Therefore, the component protection function logic corresponding to the different types of protection elements that make up the relay protection device is taken as the internal protection function logic of the relay protection device. Similarly, different relay protection devices can be classified to obtain the protection type of the relay protection device. For example, all relay protection devices can be divided into line protection, busbar protection, and transformer protection. Thus, the component protection function logic corresponding to the different types of protection elements used within the relay protection devices of different protection types is taken as the internal protection function logic of the relay protection device.For example, line protection relay protection devices include current protection, distance protection and differential protection elements. Therefore, the element protection function logic corresponding to the current protection, distance protection and differential protection elements can be used as the protection function logic inside the line protection relay protection device.

[0053] This step standardizes the basic algorithm, enabling different protection components to reuse the same underlying protection algorithm, generating a hierarchy of "protection algorithm - protection component - protection device". In practical applications, when adding a new relay protection device or adding protection components to an existing relay protection device, there is no need to modify the underlying layer. Simply combine or adjust the protection algorithm according to the specifications to obtain the internal protection function logic of the new or modified relay protection device, improving the versatility and scalability of this embodiment.

[0054] Step 202: For any relay protection device, extract the configuration information for the interaction between the relay protection device and external devices from the intelligent electronic device capability description file of the relay protection device, and generate the external characteristic description file of the relay protection device.

[0055] It should be noted that the Intelligent Electronic Device Capability Description (ICD) describes the functions and engineering capabilities of a specific Intelligent Electronic Device (IED). It includes model self-description information, device manufacturer name, device type, version number, version modification information, explicit description of modification time, and modification version number. Intelligent electronic devices of the same model have the same Intelligent Electronic Device Capability Description.

[0056] In this step, a subsettization method is used to extract all configuration information for the interaction between the relay protection device and external devices from the intelligent electronic device capability description file of the relay protection device. This information is then used as a standardized and structured external characteristic description of the relay protection device to generate an external characteristic description file. This improves the modeling efficiency of subsequent steps and ensures that the digital twin model of the relay protection device built based on the external characteristic description file can accurately reflect the function and behavior of the relay protection device as a physical device.

[0057] Specifically, the external characteristic description file includes four parts. The first part describes the identification information of the relay protection device; the second part describes the external characteristics of the relay protection device, such as settings, parameters, and switch information; the third part describes the external characteristics of the relay protection device, such as input and output quantities; and the fourth part describes the analog external characteristics of the relay protection device. For example, the identification information includes attributes such as the manufacturer's name and equipment model. Settings are the operating thresholds of the relay protection device, such as the current threshold for overcurrent protection and the zero-sequence current threshold for zero-sequence current protection. Parameters are inherent attributes of the protection device that affect its performance, such as the sampling frequency. Switch information is the switching information used to control whether the protection function of the relay protection device is enabled; it is divided into hard switches and soft switches. For example, a switch controls whether a certain protection function is activated. Input quantities are external switching signals received by the relay protection device, such as circuit breaker position signals and disconnector switch position signals. For example, when the circuit breaker is in the closed state, the corresponding input quantity is 1. Output signals are control signals sent by relay protection devices to external systems, such as trip commands and alarm signals. For example, when a fault is detected, the relay protection device issues a trip command. Analog signals are continuously changing electrical quantities received by the relay protection device, such as voltage and current, and are the basis for the relay protection device to make logical judgments.

[0058] In practical applications, external characteristic description files can be stored in XML format. It's worth noting that each relay protection device corresponds to a unique XML-formatted external characteristic description file.

[0059] It should be noted that the external characteristic description file in this step stores the identification information of the relay protection device, but only defines the variables corresponding to the external characteristics. The variables include the configuration name and data type of the external characteristics. No values ​​are assigned to the variables corresponding to the external characteristics to provide a basis for the instantiation of subsequent steps.

[0060] This step employs a subset approach to extract the corresponding configuration of the relay protection device from the intelligent electronic device capability description file of the relay protection device, generating a lightweight external characteristic description file specifically for that relay protection device. This enables the self-description of the external characteristics of the digital twin model of the relay protection device, thereby making the digital twin model constructed in subsequent steps more efficient, automated, and standardized.

[0061] Step 203: Based on the state-space method, abstract the output equation and state equation of the protection function logic.

[0062] In this step, for any complex protection function logic inside the relay protection device, the state-space method is used to abstract the protection function logic inside the relay protection device into two state-space mathematical equations, namely the output equation and the state equation of the protection function logic, so that this embodiment has universality and scalability.

[0063] Furthermore, as a refinement and extension of the specific implementation of the above embodiments, in order to fully explain the specific implementation process of this embodiment, step 203, namely, abstracting the output equation and state equation of the protection function logic based on the state space method, specifically includes: based on the state variables and input quantities of the protection function logic in the current protection cycle, executing the protection judgment algorithm corresponding to the protection function logic to obtain the protection judgment result of the protection function logic in the current protection cycle, so as to abstract the output equation; the protection judgment algorithm is determined according to the protection algorithm adopted by the protection element constituting the relay protection device, and the input quantity is determined according to the configuration information; based on the state variables and input quantities of the protection function logic in the current protection cycle, executing the protection update algorithm corresponding to the protection function logic to obtain the state variables of the protection function logic in the next protection cycle, so as to abstract the state equation; the protection update algorithm is determined according to the protection algorithm adopted by the protection element constituting the relay protection device.

[0064] For example, the output equation is expressed as:

[0065] ,

[0066] in, To protect the functional logic during the current protection period The state variables under, To protect the functional logic during the current protection period The input quantity below, To protect the required protection settings for the functional logic, To protect other parameters required for the functional logic, To protect the protection judgment algorithm corresponding to the functional logic, To protect the functional logic during the current protection period k The protection judgment result.

[0067] The state equation is expressed as:

[0068] ,

[0069] in, To protect the update algorithm corresponding to the functional logic, To protect the functional logic in the next protection cycle The state variables under.

[0070] Here, the protection cycle is the time interval between a complete protection logic judgment and status update by the protection function logic. State variables are information that needs to be stored across cycles when executing the protection function logic, used to represent the protection status of the protection function logic. For example, a state variable can be an action flag, used to record and identify whether the protection function logic has executed the protection function; if the protection function has been executed, the action flag is 1. Alternatively, a state variable can be data that needs to be continuously recorded when executing the protection function logic, such as the current over-limit duration in the current protection cycle of definite-time overcurrent protection. Input quantities refer to data that needs to be obtained from the outside world when executing the protection function logic, such as the aforementioned analog quantities and switch quantities. Protection settings are fixed parameters that determine the boundaries of protection actions, such as the aforementioned settings, parameters, and pressure plate information. The protection judgment algorithm is a mathematical function that calculates whether the protection function should act based on all current information. The protection judgment result is the output of the protection judgment function, indicating whether a protection action is triggered; for example, when the protection judgment result is 0, the protection function logic does not act; when the protection judgment result is 1, the protection function logic executes the corresponding protection action. The protection update algorithm is a mathematical function that calculates the state variable values ​​for the next protection cycle based on all current information, providing a computational basis for the next protection cycle.

[0071] It is understandable that the protection function logic within a relay protection device is the corresponding element protection function logic of the protection components that make up the device. The element protection function logic of each protection component is determined based on the protection algorithm used to implement its protection function. Therefore, each protection function logic also has a corresponding protection algorithm. Thus, the protection algorithm corresponding to the protection function logic can be broken down into a protection judgment algorithm and a protection update algorithm. In practical applications, the protection judgment algorithm and protection update algorithm can be specifically set according to the protection principle of the protection algorithm corresponding to the protection function logic within the relay protection device of different protection types.

[0072] For example, such as Figure 4 As shown, the steps This indicates that the protection judgment result for the current protection period is obtained through the output equation based on all information within the current protection period. Steps It is in the steps After completion, the state variables are updated using state equations to facilitate the calculation of the next protection cycle.

[0073] For a specific example, the protection logic for implementing time-limit overcurrent protection works by issuing a trip command when the current exceeds a set value and the duration exceeds a set delay. The state variable of this protection logic can be set to the duration of the current overcurrent. The input is the measured current amplitude, and the protection settings can include current and time settings. The output includes 0 and 1, where 0 indicates no action and 1 indicates tripping. The protection cycle can be set to 0.01 seconds. In each protection cycle, the output equation of this protection logic checks whether the state variable of the current protection cycle is greater than the time setting based on the input of each protection cycle to determine whether to trip. After each protection cycle, the state equation of this protection logic calculates the state variable for the next protection cycle.

[0074] Step 204: Encapsulate the output equations and state equations of the protection function logic with the external characteristic description file of the relay protection device to generate a digital twin model of the relay protection device.

[0075] It should be noted that the digital twin model of a relay protection device is a virtualized, standardized, and dynamic simulation model of a protection device based on digital twin technology.

[0076] In this step, a standardized encapsulation interface is used to encapsulate the external characteristic description file of the relay protection device and the output equations and state equations of the internal protection function logic of the relay protection device, thereby generating a digital twin model of the relay protection device.

[0077] Specifically, a relay protection device contains multiple complex protection function logics. This step can abstract the entire relay protection device into a black box model. Using the state-space method described in the previous steps, based on the output equations and state equations of each protection function logic within the relay protection device, the entire relay protection device is abstracted into a single device output equation and device state equation. Thus, the external characteristic description file, device output equation, and device state equation of the relay protection device are treated as a packaging unit. A standardized packaging interface is set for this packaging unit, generating a digital twin model of the relay protection device. This step can also treat the output equation and state equation of each protection function logic within the relay protection device as a packaging unit, setting a standardized packaging interface for each packaging unit. There is a hierarchical relationship between these packaging units, allowing lower-level packaging units to be called from higher-level units. This hierarchical relationship is determined based on the functional dependencies and data flow relationships between the various protection function logics. For example, one protection function logic may only open its action logic after another protection function logic is activated. In this case, the dependent protection function logic is located at a lower level, while the protection function logic that depends on other functions is located at a higher level. Meanwhile, the protection function logic interacts with each other through data transmission. The source and destination of the data flow also determine the hierarchical relationship. For example, data flows from the lower level to the higher level, with the lower level providing raw data or preliminary judgment results, and the higher level making a comprehensive judgment.

[0078] For any of the two packaging methods mentioned above, three packaging interfaces are set, namely the first packaging interface, the second packaging interface and the third packaging interface.

[0079] Specifically, the first encapsulation interface is invoked before the encapsulation unit starts running to set the initial state of the encapsulation unit. The first encapsulation interface transmits external configuration to the encapsulation unit through its internal interface parameters and transmits the output quantities of the encapsulation unit out of the encapsulation unit. These interface parameters include an encapsulation unit parameter array, an encapsulation unit input array, an encapsulation unit simulation step size parameter, and an encapsulation unit output array. The encapsulation unit parameter array is used to transmit the encapsulation unit's setpoints, parameters, and pressure plate information, among other external characteristics, to the encapsulation unit. The encapsulation unit input array is used to transmit the encapsulation unit's input and analog quantities, among other external characteristics, to the encapsulation unit. The encapsulation unit simulation step size parameter is used to transmit the time interval between adjacent protection cycles to the encapsulation unit. The encapsulation unit output array is used to transmit the encapsulation unit's output quantities, among other external characteristics, to the outside of the encapsulation unit.

[0080] The second encapsulation interface is invoked in each protection cycle. Through its internal interface variables, it passes the input quantities of the current protection cycle to the encapsulation unit for executing the state and output equations within the encapsulation unit. It also outputs the protection judgment result of the current protection cycle and updates the state variables for the next protection cycle through the interface variables. The interface variables include an array of protection cycle input quantities and an array of protection cycle output quantities. The array of protection cycle input quantities is used to pass the external characteristics of the current protection cycle, such as input and analog quantities, to the encapsulation interface. The array of protection cycle output quantities is used to pass the protection judgment result of the current protection cycle and the updated state variables to the next protection cycle.

[0081] It should be noted that the first encapsulation interface and the second encapsulation interface share the same common storage area. When calling the first encapsulation interface, the common storage area can be initialized, and when calling the second encapsulation interface, the common storage area can be read and written.

[0082] The third encapsulation interface is called once when the encapsulation unit finishes execution to complete operations such as memory release.

[0083] This step provides a unified encapsulation method and interface adapter, supporting standardized and scalable modeling for different protection manufacturers and platforms.

[0084] It is worth mentioning that this embodiment uses an external characteristic description file to ensure that the digital twin model of the relay protection device is consistent with the configuration information for the relay protection device to interact with external devices. Simultaneously, it uses a state-space method to ensure that the digital twin model of the relay protection device is consistent with the internal functional implementation of the relay protection device. Therefore, the generated digital twin model of the relay protection device can serve as a virtual mirror of the physical relay protection device within a computer.

[0085] Step 205: Generate a digital twin model library of protection devices based on the digital twin models of relay protection devices of different protection types.

[0086] In this step, a digital twin model library of protection devices is generated based on the constructed digital twin models of different protection devices, thereby improving the comprehensiveness of this embodiment.

[0087] Step 206: Read the identification information of the field protection device from the configuration description file of the field intelligent substation; match the identification information of the digital twin model of the protection device in the digital twin model library with the identification information of the field protection device to determine the target digital twin model of the protection device to be matched with the field protection device.

[0088] It should be noted that the substation configuration description (SCD) comes from the IEC 61850 standard for substations and is the leading document for intelligent substations, clarifying the relationships between various intelligent electronic devices. The IEC 61850 standard defines intelligent electronic devices as follows: "Any device consisting of one or more processors that receives and transmits data from or controls external sources, i.e., electronic multifunction meters, microprocessor-based protection devices, controllers, entities capable of performing one or more logical contact tasks within the scope defined by their interfaces in a specific environment."

[0089] In this step, the configuration description file of the on-site smart substation used in the actual application scenario is obtained. From this file, the manufacturer's name, equipment model, and other identification information of the actual on-site protection devices are extracted. The identification information of the digital twin models of protection devices in the protection device digital twin model library is matched with the identification information of the on-site protection devices to determine the target digital twin model of the on-site protection device.

[0090] Furthermore, as a refinement and extension of the specific implementation of the above embodiments, in order to fully illustrate the specific implementation process of this embodiment, the identification information of the digital twin model of the protection device in the digital twin model library of the protection device is matched with the identification information of the field protection device to determine the target digital twin model of the protection device to be matched with the field protection device. Specifically, this includes: if there is no target digital twin model of the protection device to be matched with the field protection device in the digital twin model of the protection device, the protection function logic inside the field protection device is matched with the protection function logic of the relay protection device; based on the digital twin model of the protection device corresponding to the relay protection device matched with the field protection device, the target digital twin model of the protection device to be matched with the field protection device is generated.

[0091] In this step, the digital twin model library for protection devices also has a hierarchy of "protection algorithm - protection element - protection device". If a new manufacturer's relay protection device appears, and there is no target protection device digital twin model in the protection device digital twin model library that matches the field protection device, the protection function logic that conforms to the new relay protection device can be combined from the protection device digital twin model library. Thus, the digital twin model of the new protection device can be quickly constructed based on the combined protection function logic.

[0092] Step 207: Read configuration information from the internal and external characteristic description files of the digital twin model of the target protection device; use the configuration name in the configuration information as a keyword to read the field fault data and the field values ​​that match the keyword in the field intelligent substation configuration description file; call the first encapsulation interface in the digital twin model of the target protection device to input the field parameter values ​​into the digital twin model of the target protection device.

[0093] The on-site data includes the data from the first on-site location and the data from the second on-site location.

[0094] In this step, such as Figure 5 As shown, the configuration information to be instantiated is read from the internal and external characteristic description files of the target protection device's digital twin model. Next, the setting service provided by the IEC 61850 standard can be used, with each configuration name in the configuration information as a key, to read the first field value matching the configuration name in the field smart substation configuration description file. Then, the first encapsulation interface is called to pass the read first field value to the corresponding variable in the target protection device's digital twin model.

[0095] Next, the system acquires on-site fault data collected in the actual application scenario. Virtual terminal information is read from the on-site intelligent substation configuration description file, and the configuration parameter channels in the target protection device's digital twin model are configured accordingly. Similarly, from the on-site fault data, using the configuration names in the configuration information as keywords, the second on-site value is read. Then, the first encapsulation interface is called to pass the read second on-site value to the corresponding variables in the target protection device's digital twin model according to the aforementioned channel configuration. This ensures that the target protection device's digital twin model is consistent with the actual on-site protection device, thus completing the instantiation of the target protection device's digital twin model.

[0096] For example, virtual terminal information includes analog virtual terminal information and digital virtual terminal information.

[0097] This step fully leverages the characteristics of smart substations, instantiating the digital twin model of the protection device using field fault data and the smart substation configuration description file. The purpose of instantiation is to ensure consistency between the protection function logic, external characteristics, and the field conditions, enabling the use of the digital twin model for power grid fault diagnosis and protection action behavior analysis. Based on standardized digital twin modeling, this application fully utilizes the characteristics of smart substations and leverages the smart substation configuration description file for instantiation, thereby improving modeling efficiency.

[0098] Step 208: In response to the simulation command, the second encapsulation interface in the instantiated and configured digital twin model of the target protection device is periodically called to determine the simulated protection action behavior of the field protection device using the output equation and state equation in the second encapsulation interface, and to determine the protection action behavior of the field protection device based on the simulated protection action behavior.

[0099] In this step, simulation commands are input into the instantiated and configured digital twin model of the target protection device according to the actual simulation requirements. Responding to the simulation commands, the digital twin model periodically calls its internal second encapsulation interface to execute the state equations and output equations within the encapsulation units of the instantiated and configured digital twin model, thereby causing the digital twin model to output the simulated action behavior of the field protection device. Then, specific fault analysis is performed using the simulated action behavior to determine whether it conforms to the actual application scenario. Based on the simulated protection action behavior, the protection action behavior of the field protection device is determined.

[0100] Step 209: In response to the termination command, the third encapsulation interface in the instantiated and configured target protection device digital twin model is invoked to terminate the simulation of the instantiated and configured target protection device digital twin model.

[0101] In this step, at the end of the simulation, a termination command can be input to the instantiated and configured digital twin model of the target protection device. The digital twin model of the target protection device responds to the termination command, terminating the simulation of the instantiated and configured digital twin model of the target protection device.

[0102] In this embodiment, the digital twin model of the protection device can standardize the modeling and description of the external characteristics of the relay protection device and standardize the modeling of its internal protection function logic to ensure that it accurately reflects the function and behavior of the physical relay protection device. Secondly, the digital twin model of the protection device is compatible, supporting standardized, refined, and scalable modeling of the protection function logic for different users and platforms, and can flexibly adapt to diverse application scenarios and needs. Furthermore, the digital twin model of the protection device can be instantiated using the configuration description file of the smart substation, achieving consistency between the digital twin model of the protection device and the field data. This ensures that the twin model and the physical device maintain a high degree of consistency in external characteristics and internal functional logic, and can be used in a wide range of scenarios such as primary and secondary closed-loop simulation, online accident analysis and fault simulation, protection action behavior evaluation, and protection performance optimization, thereby providing reliable technical support for the simulation, testing, optimization, and fault diagnosis of power system protection devices.

[0103] In another embodiment of this application, a digital twin model of the NARI PCS-931-G relay protection device is used for comparative verification. The simulation data comes from the actual fault recording data of a 500 kV line that occurred at a certain time in 2024 in a certain regional power grid.

[0104] According to the method described in this application, firstly, an external characteristic description file for the digital twin model of the protection device is established. Then, the state-space method is used to implement the internal protection function logic of the relay protection device. After the aforementioned fault occurs in the power grid, the matching and detection of the digital twin model of the protection device, the setting of protection settings, and the reading of fault data are completed sequentially, thereby realizing the instantiation of the digital twin model of the protection device. Finally, the instantiated digital twin model is used for fault analysis. The comparison between the simulation results of the digital twin model and the actual operation of the protection device is shown in the table below.

[0105] Table 1

[0106]

[0107] As can be seen from the table above, the actions of the digital twin model are basically consistent with those of the actual protection device, verifying the validity of this application.

[0108] It should be noted that the sequence number of each step in the above embodiments does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0109] Furthermore, such as Figure 6 As shown, as a specific implementation of the above-mentioned power grid relay protection method based on digital twin model, this application embodiment provides a power grid relay protection device 600 based on digital twin model. The power grid relay protection device 600 based on digital twin model includes: acquisition module 601, construction module 602 and protection module 603.

[0110] The acquisition module 601 is used to acquire the protection function logic inside relay protection devices of different protection types. The protection function logic is determined according to the protection algorithm adopted by the protection elements that make up the relay protection device.

[0111] Module 602 is used to construct a digital twin model of the relay protection device based on the protection function logic and the intelligent electronic device capability description file of the relay protection device.

[0112] The protection module 603 is used to determine, in the protection device digital twin model, a target protection device digital twin model that matches the field protection device in the field smart substation configuration description file; and to instantiate and configure the target protection device digital twin model based on the field smart substation configuration description file and field fault data; and to determine the protection action behavior of the field protection device using the instantiated and configured target protection device digital twin model.

[0113] Optionally, module 602 is specifically used to extract the configuration information for interaction between the relay protection device and external devices from the intelligent electronic device capability description file of the relay protection device, and generate the external characteristic description file of the relay protection device; based on the state space method, it abstracts the output equation and state equation of the protection function logic; and encapsulates the output equation and state equation of the protection function logic with the external characteristic description file of the relay protection device to generate a digital twin model of the relay protection device.

[0114] Optionally, module 602 is specifically used to execute the protection judgment algorithm corresponding to the protection function logic based on the state variables and input quantities of the protection function logic in the current protection cycle, to obtain the protection judgment result of the protection function logic in the current protection cycle, so as to abstract the output equation; the protection judgment algorithm is determined according to the protection algorithm adopted by the protection element that makes up the relay protection device, and the input quantities are determined according to the configuration information; based on the state variables and input quantities of the protection function logic in the current protection cycle, the protection update algorithm corresponding to the protection function logic is executed to obtain the state variables of the protection function logic in the next protection cycle, so as to abstract the state equation; the protection update algorithm is determined according to the protection algorithm adopted by the protection element that makes up the relay protection device.

[0115] Optionally, the protection module 603 is specifically used to read the identification information of the field protection device from the configuration description file of the field smart substation; match the identification information of the digital twin model of the protection device with the identification information of the field protection device, and determine the target digital twin model of the protection device to be matched with the field protection device.

[0116] Optionally, the protection module 603 is specifically used to read configuration information from the internal and external characteristic description files of the digital twin model of the target protection device; use the configuration name in the configuration information as a keyword to read the field fault data and the field values ​​that match the keyword in the field intelligent substation configuration description file; and call the first encapsulation interface in the digital twin model of the target protection device to input the field parameter values ​​into the digital twin model of the target protection device.

[0117] Optionally, the protection module 603 is specifically used to periodically call the second encapsulation interface in the instantiated and configured target protection device digital twin model in response to a simulation command, so as to determine the simulated protection action behavior of the field protection device using the output equation and state equation in the second encapsulation interface, and determine the protection action behavior of the field protection device based on the simulated protection action behavior; and to call the third encapsulation interface in the instantiated and configured target protection device digital twin model in response to a termination command, thereby terminating the simulation of the instantiated and configured target protection device digital twin model.

[0118] Optionally, the protection module 603 is specifically used to match the protection function logic inside the field protection device with the protection function logic of the relay protection device if there is no target protection device digital twin model matching the field protection device in the protection device digital twin model; and to generate a target protection device digital twin model matching the field protection device based on the protection device digital twin model corresponding to the relay protection device matching the field protection device.

[0119] Specific limitations regarding the power grid relay protection device based on the digital twin model can be found in the limitations of the power grid relay protection method based on the digital twin model mentioned above, and will not be repeated here. Each module in the aforementioned power grid relay protection device based on the digital twin model can be implemented entirely or partially through software, hardware, or a combination thereof. These modules can be embedded in or independent of the processor in a computer device in hardware form, or stored in the memory of a computer device in software form, so that the processor can call and execute the corresponding operations of each module.

[0120] Based on the above, Figures 1 to 2 Accordingly, embodiments of this application also provide a readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method. Figures 1 to 2 The power grid relay protection method based on a digital twin model is shown.

[0121] Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application can be embodied in the form of a software product. The software product can be stored in a non-volatile storage medium (such as a CD-ROM, USB flash drive, or portable hard drive), and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (such as a personal computer, server, or network device) to execute the methods described in the various implementation scenarios of this application.

[0122] Based on the above, Figures 1 to 2 The method shown, and Figure 6To achieve the above objectives, the present application also provides a computer device, specifically a personal computer, server, network device, etc., as shown in the virtual device embodiment. This computer device includes a storage medium and a processor; the storage medium stores a computer program; the processor executes the computer program to achieve the above-described objectives. Figures 1 to 3 The power grid relay protection method based on a digital twin model is shown.

[0123] Optionally, the computer device may also include a user interface, a network interface, a camera, radio frequency (RF) circuitry, sensors, audio circuitry, a Wi-Fi module, etc. The user interface may include a display screen, input units such as a keyboard, etc., and optional user interfaces may also include USB ports, card reader ports, etc. The network interface may optionally include standard wired interfaces, wireless interfaces (such as Bluetooth interfaces, Wi-Fi interfaces), etc.

[0124] Those skilled in the art will understand that the computer device structure provided in this embodiment does not constitute a limitation on the computer device, and may include more or fewer components, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements.

[0125] The storage medium may also include an operating system and a network communication module. The operating system is a program that manages and stores the hardware and software resources of a computer device, supporting the execution of information processing programs and other software and / or programs. The network communication module is used to enable communication between the various components within the storage medium, as well as communication with other hardware and software within the physical device.

[0126] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that this application can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platform, or the embodiments of this application can be implemented by hardware.

[0127] Those skilled in the art will understand that the accompanying drawings are merely schematic diagrams of a preferred embodiment, and the modules or processes shown in the drawings are not necessarily essential for implementing this application. Those skilled in the art will understand that the modules in the apparatus of the embodiment can be distributed within the apparatus of the embodiment as described, or can be modified to be located in one or more apparatuses different from this embodiment. The modules of the above-described embodiment can be combined into one module, or further divided into multiple sub-modules.

[0128] The serial numbers in this application are for descriptive purposes only and do not represent the superiority or inferiority of any particular implementation scenario. The above disclosures are merely a few specific implementation scenarios of this application; however, this application is not limited thereto, and any variations conceived by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A power grid relay protection method based on a digital twin model, characterized in that, The method includes: The protection function logic inside relay protection devices of different protection types is obtained, and the protection function logic is determined according to the protection algorithm adopted by the protection elements that make up the relay protection device; Based on the protection function logic and the intelligent electronic device capability description file of the relay protection device, a protection device digital twin model of the relay protection device is constructed; In the digital twin model of the protection device, a target digital twin model of the protection device that matches the field protection device in the configuration description file of the smart substation is determined; Based on the configuration description file of the intelligent substation and the field fault data, the digital twin model of the target protection device is instantiated and configured. Using the instantiated and configured digital twin model of the target protection device, the protection action behavior of the field protection device is determined; The construction of a digital twin model of the relay protection device based on the protection function logic and the intelligent electronic device capability description file of the relay protection device specifically includes: The configuration information for the interaction between the relay protection device and external devices is extracted from the intelligent electronic device capability description file of the relay protection device, and the external characteristic description file of the relay protection device is generated. Based on the state-space method, the output equation and state equation of the protection function logic are abstracted. The output equations and state equations of the protection function logic are encapsulated with the external characteristic description file of the relay protection device to generate a digital twin model of the relay protection device. The abstracted output equations and state equations of the protection function logic specifically include: Based on the state variables and input quantities of the protection function logic in the current protection cycle, the protection judgment algorithm corresponding to the protection function logic is executed to obtain the protection judgment result of the protection function logic in the current protection cycle, so as to abstract the output equation; the protection judgment algorithm is determined according to the protection algorithm adopted by the protection element that makes up the relay protection device, and the input quantity is determined according to the configuration information; Based on the state variables and input quantities of the protection function logic in the current protection cycle, the protection update algorithm corresponding to the protection function logic is executed to obtain the state variables of the protection function logic in the next protection cycle, so as to abstract the state equation; the protection update algorithm is determined according to the protection algorithm adopted by the protection elements that make up the relay protection device.

2. The power grid relay protection method based on a digital twin model according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining the target protection device digital twin model that matches the field protection device in the field smart substation configuration description file within the protection device digital twin model specifically includes: Read the identification information of the field protection device from the field intelligent substation configuration description file; The identification information of the digital twin model of the protection device is matched with the identification information of the field protection device to determine the target protection device digital twin model that the field protection device matches.

3. The power grid relay protection method based on a digital twin model according to claim 1, characterized in that, The instantiation and configuration of the digital twin model of the target protection device based on the configuration description file of the on-site intelligent substation and the on-site fault data specifically includes: Read configuration information from the internal and external characteristic description files of the digital twin model of the target protection device; Using the configuration name in the configuration information as a keyword, read the field fault data and the field values ​​that match the keyword in the field intelligent substation configuration description file; The first encapsulation interface in the digital twin model of the target protection device is invoked to input the field parameter values ​​into the digital twin model of the target protection device.

4. The power grid relay protection method based on a digital twin model according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of determining the protection actions of the field protection device using the instantiated and configured digital twin model of the target protection device specifically includes: In response to the simulation command, the second encapsulation interface in the instantiated and configured digital twin model of the target protection device is periodically called to determine the simulated protection action behavior of the field protection device using the output equation and state equation in the second encapsulation interface, and to determine the protection action behavior of the field protection device based on the simulated protection action behavior. In response to the termination command, the third encapsulation interface in the instantiated and configured digital twin model of the target protection device is invoked to terminate the simulation of the instantiated and configured digital twin model of the target protection device.

5. The power grid relay protection method based on a digital twin model according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining the target protection device digital twin model that matches the field protection device in the field smart substation configuration description file within the protection device digital twin model includes: If there is no target protection device digital twin model matching the field protection device in the protection device digital twin model, the protection function logic inside the field protection device will be matched with the protection function logic of the relay protection device. Based on the digital twin model of the protection device corresponding to the relay protection device that matches the field protection device, a target protection device digital twin model matching the field protection device is generated.

6. An apparatus for implementing the power grid relay protection method based on a digital twin model as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The device includes: The acquisition module is used to acquire the protection function logic inside relay protection devices of different protection types. The protection function logic is determined according to the protection algorithm adopted by the protection elements that make up the relay protection device. The construction module is used to construct a protection device digital twin model of the relay protection device based on the protection function logic and the intelligent electronic device capability description file of the relay protection device; The protection module is used to determine, within the digital twin model of the protection device, a target digital twin model of the protection device that matches the field protection device in the field smart substation configuration description file; and, Based on the configuration description file of the aforementioned intelligent substation and the on-site fault data, the digital twin model of the target protection device is instantiated and configured; and... Using the instantiated and configured digital twin model of the target protection device, the protection action behavior of the field protection device is determined.

7. A readable storage medium having a program or instructions stored thereon, characterized in that, When the program or instructions are executed by the processor, they implement the steps of the power grid relay protection method based on the digital twin model as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

8. A computer device, comprising a storage medium, a processor, and a computer program stored on the storage medium and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the program, it implements the power grid relay protection method based on a digital twin model as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

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