Data transmission method, communication device, system and storage medium

Abstract

The invention provides a data transmission method, a communication device, a system and a storage medium, which can be applied to the technical field of wireless communication. In the scheme, when an A-IoT reader monitors that the number of active users in a current cell is sharply increased, a time domain grouping shunting strategy is activated, A-IoT device in the cell is divided into a plurality of subgroups, each subgroup corresponds to a time block in an access period, and each A-IoT device is only allowed to initiate uplink data transmission in a time block window corresponding to the subgroup to which the A-IoT device belongs. According to the scheme, the A-IoT device is required to wait for the specific time block to which the A-IoT device belongs to wake up and establish the connection, and the number of potential users competing for the same resource at any moment is reduced by physically isolating massive concurrent requests on the time axis, so that the signal collision rate is greatly reduced from the source, and the user experience is improved. And stable operation of the A-IoT system under a high load is ensured.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of wireless communication, and in particular to a data transmission method, a communication device, a system and a storage medium. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the evolution of 3GPP standards, ambient internet of things (A-IoT) technology is committed to deploying readers through co-sited deployment with existing new radio (NR) macro base stations.

[0003] Currently, the reader supports connecting multiple types of devices. At the access layer, A-IoT can carry device originated autonomous (DO-A) uplink traffic with highly bursty and unprovoked characteristics. In order to reduce signaling overhead and latency, the grant-free mechanism is widely used for DO-A uplink traffic. Due to the lack of orthogonal isolation of the same time-frequency resource, when a large number of devices concurrently transmit on the same time-frequency resource, it may cause serious "hard collision", which causes the reader to be unable to correctly decode any device data, significantly reducing system throughput and connection reliability. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application provides a data transmission method, a communication device, a system and a storage medium to solve the problem that a large number of devices concurrently transmitting on the same time-frequency resource may cause serious "hard collision".

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application adopts the following technical solutions: In a first aspect, a data transmission method is provided. The method can be applied to a first device, for example, the first device can be a device of A-IoT. The method can be executed by the first device, for example, or can be executed by a component (such as a circuit, a chip or a chip system, etc.) configured in the first device, and can also be implemented by a logic module or software that can implement all or part of the functions of the first device.

[0006] The method can include: receiving first configuration information, the first configuration information being used to indicate that the first device belongs to a first sub-group, the first sub-group corresponding to a time block in an access period, and each device in the first sub-group being allowed to autonomously initiate transmission within the time block corresponding to the first sub-group; and transmitting uplink data on a first frequency domain resource within the time block corresponding to the first sub-group, the first frequency domain resource being a physical resource unit of N preconfigured physical resource units, N being an integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0007] Exemplarily, the uplink data can be grant-free DO-A data, and the N physical resource units are preconfigured physical resource units specially used for transmitting the grant-free DO-A data. The grant-free means skipping a scheduling request and resource authorization and directly transmitting data on the specified resource.

[0008] In the above scheme, when the first device has uplink data to be transmitted, the first device can transmit the uplink data on the preconfigured frequency domain resource in the time block corresponding to the first sub-group when the transmission opportunity comes. Although the first device has to wait until the specific time block to which it belongs to transmit data, a slight waiting delay is introduced in the access process, but by physically isolating a large number of concurrent requests on the time axis, the number of potential users competing for the same resource at any time is reduced, greatly reducing the signal collision rate from the source, solving the problem that a large number of devices concurrently transmitting on the same time-frequency resource will cause serious "hard collision", and ensuring that the A-IoT system can still operate stably under high load.

[0009] Embodiments of the present application relate to two types of conflicts: hard conflict and soft conflict. "Hard conflict" means that the base station cannot decode the codebook without a single resource as an entry point, and the conflict cannot be solved. "Soft conflict" means that the base station can iteratively decode according to the SIC algorithm provided by the embodiments of the present application.

[0010] In a possible implementation, the N physical resource units are orthogonal in the frequency domain. "Orthogonal in the frequency domain" means that the wireless resources used between devices are completely separated and do not overlap in the frequency domain. It can be understood that by configuring N orthogonal physical resource units, the device can transmit data on the orthogonal physical resource units, and the reader only needs to perform simple single-device detection, which significantly reduces the computing power consumption and processing delay, while ensuring a reliable transmission link.

[0011] In a possible implementation, the first frequency domain resource is one of the N preconfigured physical resource units. The method can further include receiving second configuration information, the second configuration information being used to indicate that the first frequency domain resource is a dedicated physical resource unit for the first device. "Dedicated physical resource unit" means that only a certain specific device is allowed to use the physical resource unit to transmit uplink data within a time block window. It can be understood that in the static mapping strategy of "one device one resource", absolute isolation of user signals in the time-frequency domain is achieved at the physical layer. This deterministic resource exclusive mechanism completely eliminates the possibility of multiple users competing for the same physical resource unit from the source, achieving truly "zero collision" transmission. Not only does it ensure access reliability in low-load scenarios, but also allows the base station to directly demodulate without relying on complex interference cancellation algorithms, returning the communication link to the most pure and stable orthogonal transmission state.

[0012] In a possible implementation, the second configuration information is an orthogonal codebook, a vector structure of the orthogonal codebook is 1 at the jth resource location, and a vector structure of the orthogonal codebook is 0 at the N-1 resource locations other than the jth resource location, the jth resource location indicates the first frequency domain resource, and j is an integer less than or equal to N. The j values corresponding to the devices in the first subgroup are different from each other. It can be understood that when the number of devices in the subgroup is less than or equal to the number N of physical resource units, the orthogonal dedicated mode can be used. In this mode, allocating a specific physical resource unit is equivalent to specifying a specific orthogonal codebook for each device, the codebook is 1 only at the specified single resource location and is 0 at the remaining resource locations, thereby ensuring that the transmissions between devices are completely isolated at the physical layer.

[0013] In a possible implementation, the first frequency domain resource is at least one of the N preconfigured physical resource units. The method can further include: receiving third configuration information, the third configuration information being used to indicate that the first device is allowed to select at least one physical resource unit from the N physical resource units. It can be understood that when the number of devices in the subgroup is greater than the number N of physical resource units, there is local overload, and the first device can initiate uplink access in a manner of randomly selecting a frequency domain resource.

[0014] In a possible implementation, the third configuration information is a sparse codebook set, the sparse codebook set includes J codebooks, each codebook in the J codebooks occupies at least one of the N physical resource units, the first frequency domain resource is determined based on a first codebook, the first codebook is a codebook randomly selected by the first device from the sparse codebook set, and J is an integer greater than N. As an example, the number J of codebooks in the sparse codebook set is determined according to the number N of preconfigured physical resource units and a sparsity S according to the following relationship: The sparsity S is determined according to the following relationship: The number of non-zero resource locations in a vector structure of each codebook. It can be understood that when there is local overload, the sparse codebook set is configured so that the first device can initiate uplink access from a codebook randomly selected from the sparse codebook set. Taking the number N of preconfigured physical resource units as 4, the sparsity S as 2, and the number J of codebooks in the sparse codebook set as 6 as an example, the sparse codebook set supports 6 user layers, and the problem of capacity limitation is solved.

[0015] In a possible implementation, the number J of codebooks in the sparse codebook set is determined according to the following relationship: ; wherein N represents the number of preconfigured physical resource units, and S represents the allowed sparsity set, .

[0016] ​It can be understood that, in order to expand the number of codebooks in the codebook set, by allowing sparsity to vary within a certain range, such as sparsity The value range of , so that the number of codebooks J of the sparse codebook set is no longer simply , but the sum of the number of combinations of all allowed sparsity . The "sum of the number of combinations of all allowed sparsity " here refers to the total number of sparse codebooks that do not have a "deadlock" phenomenon after screening according to sparsity . The "deadlock" phenomenon refers to a phenomenon in which all resource units are in a multi-user overlap state at a certain time, causing the base station to be unable to find a "single resource" with a row weight of 1 as an initial breakthrough for decoding, and thus causing the entire data packet demodulation to fail.

[0017] In a possible implementation, the sending the uplink data on the first frequency domain resource in the time block corresponding to the first sub-group can include: spreading the symbols of the modulated uplink data using the first codebook, distributing the signal energy to the first frequency domain resource specified by the first codebook, and sending the signal in the time block corresponding to the first sub-group. Illustratively, when the transmission opportunity comes, the first device wakes up in the exclusive time block window corresponding to the sub-group to which it belongs, randomly selects a codebook (such as the first codebook) from the sparse codebook set composed of available sparse codebooks as the non-orthogonal sequence for this transmission, and spreads the symbols of the modulated uplink data using the first codebook, distributes the signal energy to the first frequency domain resource specified by the first codebook, and sends the signal, and then returns to the sleep state.

[0018] In a second aspect, a data transmission method is provided. The method can be applied to a second device, for example, the second device can be a reader of A-IoT. The method can be executed by the second device, for example, or by a component (such as a circuit, a chip, or a chip system, etc.) configured in the second device, and can also be implemented by a logic module or software that can implement all or part of the functions of the second device.

[0019] The method can include: sending first configuration information, the first configuration information being used to indicate that the first device belongs to a first sub-group, the first sub-group corresponding to a time block in an access period, and each device in the first sub-group being allowed to autonomously initiate transmission in the time block corresponding to the first sub-group. In the time block corresponding to the first sub-group, uplink data from the first device is received on a first frequency domain resource, and the first frequency domain resource is a physical resource unit in N preconfigured physical resource units, and N is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0020] In the above scheme, the A-IoT devices in the cell are divided into multiple subgroups, each subgroup corresponds to a time block in the access cycle, and each A-IoT device is only allowed to initiate uplink data transmission within the time block window corresponding to its own subgroup. Although this method requires A-IoT devices to wait until the specific time block to which they belong before they can wake up and establish a connection, it introduces a slight waiting delay during the access process, but by physically isolating the massive concurrent requests on the time axis, the number of potential users competing for the same resource at any time is reduced, significantly reducing the signal collision rate from the source, ensuring that the A-IoT system can still operate stably under high load.

[0021] In a possible implementation, the first configuration information is notified to the first device by the second device in a preconfigured manner.

[0022] In a possible implementation, the number of subgroups is determined according to the number N of preconfigured physical resource units and the total number of devices registered in the cell. For example, , The ceiling function is taken. M represents the number of subgroups, and M represents the total number of devices registered in the cell.

[0023] In a possible implementation, the N physical resource units are orthogonal in the frequency domain.

[0024] In a possible implementation, the first frequency domain resource is one of the N preconfigured physical resource units. The method can further include: in the case where the number of devices in the first subgroup is less than or equal to N, sending second configuration information, the second configuration information being used to indicate that the first frequency domain resource is a dedicated physical resource unit of the first device. It can be understood that when the number of devices in a subgroup is small, the second device can allocate a unique physical resource unit to each device in the subgroup by sending the second configuration information.

[0025] In a possible implementation, the second configuration information can be notified to the first device by the second device in a preconfigured manner or through a broadcast channel.

[0026] In a possible implementation, the second configuration information is an orthogonal codebook, the vector structure of the orthogonal codebook is 1 at the jth resource location, and the vector structure of the orthogonal codebook is 0 at the N-1 resource locations other than the jth resource location, the jth resource location indicating the first frequency domain resource, and j being an integer less than or equal to N.

[0027] In a possible implementation, the j values corresponding to the devices in the first subgroup are different from each other.

[0028] In a possible implementation, the receiving the uplink data from the first device on the first frequency domain resource in the time block corresponding to the first sub-group can include: demodulating the first frequency domain resource according to one orthogonal codebook corresponding to the first device to obtain the uplink data from the first device in the time block corresponding to the first sub-group. It can be understood that when the number of devices in one sub-group is small, since a unique physical resource unit is allocated to each device in the sub-group, the second device can not start the SIC algorithm, but directly perform a normal demodulation process on each orthogonal resource.

[0029] In a possible implementation, the first frequency domain resource is at least one physical resource unit of the pre-configured N physical resource units. The method can further include: in the case that the number of devices in the first sub-group is greater than N, sending third configuration information, the third configuration information being used to indicate that the first device is allowed to select at least one physical resource unit from the N physical resource units. It can be understood that when the number of devices in one sub-group is large, it is impossible to specify a unique physical resource unit for each device in the sub-group, and therefore the second device can make the first device initiate uplink access in a random frequency domain resource selection manner by sending the second configuration information.

[0030] In a possible implementation, the third configuration information is informed to the first device by the second device through a broadcast channel.

[0031] In a possible implementation, the third configuration information is a sparse codebook set, the sparse codebook set is composed of J codebooks, each codebook in the J codebooks occupies at least one physical resource unit of the N physical resource units, the first frequency domain resource is determined based on a first codebook, the first codebook is a codebook randomly selected by the first device from the sparse codebook set, and J is an integer greater than N.

[0032] In a possible implementation, the number J of codebooks in the sparse codebook set is determined according to the pre-configured number N of physical resource units and a sparsity S. The sparsity S is determined. to represent the number of non-zero resource positions in the vector structure of each codebook.

[0033] In a possible implementation, the number J of codebooks in the sparse codebook set is determined by the following relationship: ; wherein N represents the pre-configured number of physical resource units; S represents the allowed sparsity set, .

[0034] In a possible implementation, the sparse codebook set can be determined in the following manner: a candidate codebook set is generated, the candidate codebook set is composed of binary vectors with a length of N; the candidate codebook set is sorted in ascending order according to sparsity; an incremental greedy search algorithm is used to traverse each vector in the sorted candidate codebook set, if any non-empty subset of the temporary set corresponding to each vector does not cause a deadlock, the temporary set is retained as a verified codebook; and the sparse codebook set is generated based on the J verified codebooks. The candidate codebook set is sorted in ascending order according to sparsity; an incremental greedy search algorithm is used to traverse each vector in the sorted candidate codebook set, if any non-empty subset of the temporary set corresponding to each vector does not cause a deadlock, the temporary set is retained as a verified codebook; and the sparse codebook set is generated based on the J verified codebooks.

[0035] Exemplarily, receiving uplink data from the first device on the first frequency domain resource in the time block corresponding to the first subgroup can include: performing channel estimation and active user detection in the time block corresponding to the first subgroup, and determining a currently activated codebook set in the sparse codebook set; determining a singleton resource in the N physical resource units, the singleton resource being a resource occupied by only one device; and using a successive interference cancellation algorithm to demodulate all occupied resources in the N physical resource units based on the currently activated codebook set and the singleton resource, to obtain uplink data from multiple devices, the uplink data from multiple devices including the uplink data of the first device.

[0036] In the above scheme, the "soft collision" deadlock is eliminated through full subset verification: while expanding the number J of codebooks in the codebook pool, the algorithm strictly verifies and eliminates inferior codebooks that can increase the number J of codebooks but are prone to form "stopping sets" with other codebooks. This ensures that even if there is no hard collision, the superimposed signals between different devices always maintain "topological solvability", ensuring the convergence of the SIC algorithm.

[0037] In a third aspect, a communication apparatus is provided, which includes a communication module. The communication module is configured to: receive first configuration information, the first configuration information being used to indicate that a first device belongs to a first subgroup, the first subgroup corresponding to a time block in an access cycle, and each device in the first subgroup being allowed to autonomously initiate transmission in the time block corresponding to the first subgroup; and transmit uplink data on a first frequency domain resource in the time block corresponding to the first subgroup, the first frequency domain resource being a physical resource unit in N preconfigured physical resource units, N being an integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0038] ​In a fourth aspect, a communication apparatus is provided, which comprises a communication module. The communication module is configured to: send first configuration information, the first configuration information being used to indicate that a first device belongs to a first sub-group, the first sub-group corresponding to a time block in an access cycle, and each device in the first sub-group being allowed to autonomously initiate transmission in the time block corresponding to the first sub-group; and receive uplink data from the first device on a first frequency domain resource in the time block corresponding to the first sub-group, the first frequency domain resource being a physical resource unit in N pre-configured physical resource units, N being an integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0039] In a fifth aspect, a communication apparatus is provided, which comprises a processor. The processor is coupled with a memory and is configured to execute instructions or data in the memory to implement the method in any possible implementation of the first aspect or the method in any possible implementation of the second aspect. Optionally, the communication apparatus further comprises the memory. Optionally, the communication apparatus further comprises a communication interface, and the processor is coupled with the communication interface.

[0040] In an implementation form, the communication interface can be a transceiver, or an input / output interface.

[0041] In another implementation form, the communication apparatus is a chip configured in a terminal device. When the communication apparatus is a chip configured in a terminal device, the communication interface can be an input / output interface.

[0042] In a sixth aspect, a processor is provided, which comprises an input circuit, an output circuit and a processing circuit. The processing circuit is configured to receive a signal through the input circuit and transmit a signal through the output circuit, so that the processor executes the method in any possible implementation of any aspect.

[0043] In a specific implementation process, the processor can be one or more chips, the input circuit can be an input pin, the output circuit can be an output pin, and the processing circuit can be a transistor, a gate circuit, a flip-flop and various logic circuits, etc. The input signal received by the input circuit can be received and input by, for example but not limited to, a receiver, the signal output by the output circuit can be output to and transmitted by, for example but not limited to, a transmitter, and the input circuit and the output circuit can be the same circuit which is used as the input circuit and the output circuit at different times. The embodiments of the present application do not limit the specific implementation of the processor and various circuits.

[0044] In a seventh aspect, a communication apparatus is provided, which comprises a processor and a memory. The processor is configured to read instructions stored in the memory, and is configured to receive a signal through a receiver and transmit a signal through a transmitter to execute the method in any possible implementation of any aspect.

[0045] Optionally, the processor is one or more, and the memory is one or more.

[0046] In an eighth aspect, a computer program product is provided, which includes a computer program (which can also be referred to as code or instructions), when the computer program is run, causes a computer to execute the method in any possible implementation manner of any of the aspects.

[0047] In a ninth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, which stores a computer program (which can also be referred to as code or instructions), when the computer program is run on a computer, causes the computer to execute the method in any possible implementation manner of any of the aspects.

[0048] In a tenth aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a chip system, which includes one or more processors, and is configured to invoke and run instructions stored in a memory, so that the method in any of the aspects or any possible implementation manner of the aspects is executed. The chip system can be composed of a chip, or can include a chip and other discrete devices.

[0049] In the chip system, the input circuit or interface for sending information or data, and the output circuit or interface for receiving information or data can be included.

[0050] In an eleventh aspect, a communication system is provided, which includes the first device described above. The communication system can be an A-IoT system. The communication system can further include other terminal devices and / or network devices in communication with the first device, such as a second device and a third device.

[0051] It can be understood that the beneficial effects of the third aspect to the eleventh aspect described above can be referred to the related description of the first aspect or the second aspect, which will not be repeated here. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0052] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a communication system provided by the embodiments of the present application is shown; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a D1T1 topology provided by the embodiments of the present application is shown; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a D2T2 topology provided by the embodiments of the present application is shown; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a communication flow between a reader and a device provided by the embodiments of the present application is shown; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of concurrent transmission of DO-A data by multiple devices provided by the embodiments of the present application is shown; Figure 6A flowchart of a process for switching an access mode based on a trigger condition is provided in the embodiments of the present application. Figure 7 A flowchart of a process for transmitting data in a low-load orthogonal mode is provided in the embodiments of the present application. Figure 8 A schematic diagram of time blocks corresponding to subgroups is provided in the embodiments of the present application. Figure 9 A flowchart of a process for a second device to indicate a subgroup to which the second device belongs to a first device is provided in the embodiments of the present application. Figure 10 A flowchart of a process for indicating a dedicated physical resource unit to a first device is provided in the embodiments of the present application. Figure 11 A schematic diagram of a device, a time block, a subgroup, and a PRU is provided in the embodiments of the present application. Figure 12 A flowchart of a process for indicating a plurality of physical resource units to a first device is provided in the embodiments of the present application. Figure 13 A flowchart of a process for maximizing a non-regular codebook search algorithm without deadlock is provided in the embodiments of the present application. Figure 14 A schematic block diagram of a communication apparatus is provided in the embodiments of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] The terms "first" and "second" and the like in the description of the present application and in the accompanying drawings are used to distinguish different objects, or to distinguish different processing of the same object, and are not used to describe a specific order of the objects. In addition, the terms "include" and "have" and any variations thereof mentioned in the description of the present application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or device including a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but can optionally include other steps or units not listed, or can optionally include other steps or units inherent to the process, method, product, or device. In the embodiments of the present application, "a plurality of" includes two or more. In the embodiments of the present application, the words "exemplarily" or "for example" and the like are used to mean as an example, illustration, or description. In addition, the network architecture and business scenarios described in the embodiments of the present application are used to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application. Those skilled in the art can know that the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application are also applicable to similar technical problems as the network architecture evolves and new business scenarios appear.

[0054] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application can be applied to various communication systems, for example, a global system for mobile communications (GSM) system, a general packet radio service (GPRS), a wireless local area network (WLAN), a long term evolution (LTE) system, an LTE frequency division duplex (FDD) system, an LTE time division duplex (TDD), a sidelink communication system, a universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS), a worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) communication system, a non-terrestrial network (NTN) communication system, a 5th generation (5G) mobile communication system or a new radio (NR) system, and the like. The 5G mobile communication system can include a non-standalone (NSA) and / or a standalone (SA). The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application can also be applied to future communication systems, which are not limited herein.

[0055] Exemplarily, Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a communication system 00 provided by the embodiments of the present application is shown.

[0056] The communication system 00 can include a network device, for example Figure 1 The network device 10 shown. The communication system 00 can also include a terminal device, for example Figure 1 The terminal device 20 shown. The network device 10 and the terminal device 20 can communicate through a wireless link.

[0057] Figure 1 Exemplarily, one network device 10 and one terminal device 20 are shown. In a possible implementation, the communication system 00 can also include multiple network devices and / or multiple terminal devices.

[0058] The network device in the embodiments of the present application can be a device on the network side, such as an access network device, a core network device, etc. The access network device is also sometimes referred to as an access node. The access network device has a wireless transceiving function and is used to communicate with a terminal device. The access network device includes, but is not limited to, a base station in the above-mentioned communication system, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB), a transmit / receive Point (TRP), an NR Node B (gNB) in a 5G mobile communication system, a next generation eNodeB (ng-eNB) in a 5G mobile communication system, an access network device in an open RAN (ORAN) system or a module of the access network device, a satellite in a non terrestrial network (NTN) communication system, a base station in a future mobile communication system, or an access node in a wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) system, etc. The access network device can also be a module or unit capable of realizing part of the function of a base station. The access network device can be a macro base station, a micro base station or an indoor station, a relay node or a donor node, or a wireless controller in a cloud radio access network (CRAN) scenario, etc. The access network device can also be a server, a wearable device or a vehicle-mounted device, etc. Multiple access network devices in a communication system can be the same type of base station or different types of base stations. The base station can directly communicate with the terminal device or communicate with the terminal device through a relay station. The terminal device can communicate with multiple base stations in different access technologies. The embodiments of the present application do not limit the specific technology and specific device form of the access network device.

[0059] In the embodiments of the present application, the device for realizing the function of the network device can be a network device or a device capable of supporting the network device to realize the function, such as a processor, a circuit, a chip or a chip system, etc. The device can be installed in the network device or used in connection with the network device.

[0060] The terminal device in this application embodiment can be a wireless terminal device capable of receiving network device scheduling and instruction information. The wireless terminal device can be a device providing voice and / or data connectivity to a user, a handheld device with wireless connectivity, or other processing devices connected to a wireless modem. For example, the terminal device can communicate with one or more core networks or the Internet via a radio access network (RAN). The terminal device can also be referred to as a terminal, user equipment (UE), mobile station, mobile terminal, etc. Terminal devices can be widely used in various scenarios, such as device-to-device (D2D), vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, machine-type communication (MTC), Internet of Things (IoT), ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC), virtual reality, augmented reality, industrial control, autonomous driving, telemedicine, smart grids, smart furniture, smart offices, smart wearables, smart transportation, smart cities, or satellite communication, etc. The terminal device can be a mobile phone, tablet computer, computer with wireless transceiver function, wearable device, vehicle, aircraft (such as drone, helicopter, airplane), hot air balloon, ship, robot, robotic arm, or smart home device, etc. The embodiments of this application do not limit the form of the terminal device.

[0061] In this embodiment of the application, the device used to implement the function of the terminal device can be the terminal device itself, or it can be a device that supports the terminal device in implementing the function, such as a processor, circuit, chip or chip system. The device can be installed in the terminal device or connected to the terminal device for use.

[0062] Access network equipment and / or terminal equipment can be fixed or mobile. They can be deployed on land, including indoors or outdoors, handheld or vehicle-mounted; on water; or in the air on aircraft, balloons, and satellites. This application does not limit the application scenarios of the access network equipment and terminal equipment. They can be deployed in the same or different scenarios; for example, both can be deployed on land simultaneously; or the access network equipment can be deployed on land while the terminal equipment is deployed on water, etc., and so on.

[0063] To facilitate understanding of the embodiments of this application, the terminology used in these embodiments is briefly explained below. For explanations of some terms, please refer to the interpretations in the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standard protocol. It should be understood that the technical terminology in the embodiments of this application is merely illustrative and not limiting. For example, as technology evolves, technical terminology may change; however, other technical terms with the same technical meaning should also apply to this application.

[0064] Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT), also known as passive Internet of Things, is an Internet of Things (IoT) technology that collects energy from radio waves, light, motion, heat, or any other available environmental energy source to achieve low-power data transmission without requiring a power supply. A-IoT can be widely used in smart warehousing, smart logistics, smart agriculture, industrial wireless sensor networks, smart transportation, or smart healthcare. For example, A-IoT can be applied in the following scenarios: (1) identification-based connections (asset identification), typical scenarios include the management of goods or assets in the manufacturing and logistics industries; (2) micro-sensor-based connections (sensor data acquisition), typical scenarios include wireless sensor networks in the energy, livestock, and industrial sectors; (3) low-power downlink connections (such as data downlink push), typical scenarios include electronic shelf labels (ESL) applications in industrial, supermarket retail, and office applications. As an environmentally enabled IoT technology, A-IoT, when combined with communication systems such as cellular networks, has the advantage of lower power consumption.

[0065] Typically, an A-IoT system can include readers and devices. A reader is a device that reads data from or writes data to a device. A device, also known as an A-IoT device, is a new type of IoT device that harvests energy from radio waves, light, motion, heat, or any other available environmental energy source and uses this energy for power. Devices can perform mobile terminated-data transfer transactions (MT-DTT) initiated by network devices, as well as device originated-data transfer transactions (DO-DTT). Devices can be divided into three categories: the first category has no energy storage capacity and no independent signal generation and amplification capabilities; the second category has energy storage capacity but no independent signal generation capabilities; and the third category has both energy storage capacity and independent signal generation and amplification capabilities.

[0066] Taking "device" as an example, the following operations can be performed between the device and the reader: Inventory operations, also known as inventory counting operations, can obtain tag identification information. For example, a reader can use query and acknowledge (ACK) commands to obtain tag identification information.

[0067] The read operation can read the electronic product code (EPC), tag identifier (TID), content stored in the tag's reserved area, or content stored in the user's storage area from the tag's storage area.

[0068] The write operation allows writing to the tag's storage area.

[0069] The kill operation can render a tag permanently unusable.

[0070] A lock operation can lock the information of a tag to prevent read or write operations on that tag. Alternatively, a lock operation can also lock a storage area to prevent or allow read and write operations on that storage area.

[0071] Currently, A-IoT has several topologies. For indoor-to-indoor deployment scenarios, a D1T1 topology is used, assuming the base station is an indoor microcell base station. For indoor-to-outdoor deployment scenarios, a D2T2 topology is used, where the UE acts as a relay node under network control, and the base station is assumed to be an outdoor macrocell base station.

[0072] For example, Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a D1T1 topology provided in an embodiment of this application. In this topology, the device and the base station are directly connected. The base station provides A-IoT data transmission services to the device through a wireless interface. The base station has a reader function, used to read data information from the device, such as information queried about assets inventoried by the device. In addition, the base station can also assist core network equipment, such as the A-IoT function (AIOTF), in managing the device, such as sending paging messages to the device.

[0073] For example, Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of a D2T2 topology provided in an embodiment of this application. In this topology, the device is connected to network devices such as the base station and core network equipment through intermediate nodes. The intermediate nodes provide relay functionality to the device through a wireless interface; here, the intermediate nodes also function as readers. Additionally, the base station can assist the core network equipment in managing the device. In some embodiments, the intermediate node can be a terminal device, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, or a repeater, or other device with relay capabilities.

[0074] It should be noted that the devices in the two A-IoT topologies described above can be any type of device mentioned in the above embodiments. Furthermore, besides these two A-IoT topologies, other topologies may exist depending on network deployment and device capabilities; the repeated paging solution provided in this application is also applicable to other topologies.

[0075] The aforementioned base stations are not limited to traditional base stations, but can also be evolved NodeBs (eNodeBs), transmit / receive points (TRPs), NR nodes (gNBs) in 5G mobile communication systems, next-generation eNodeBs (ng-eNBs) in 5G mobile communication systems, access network equipment or modules of access network equipment in open RAN (ORAN) systems, satellites in nonterrestrial network (NTN) communication systems, base stations in future mobile communication systems, or access nodes in wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) systems, etc.

[0076] In the embodiments of this application, the base station or intermediate node that provides wireless interface transmission for the device has the function of a reader, that is, the base station or intermediate node can perform corresponding functions as a reader.

[0077] For example, the data transfer process between the reader and the device can include the following two types: One type of data transmission process involves a device sending data or signaling to a reader; this is called device-to-reader (D2R) transmission. The data or signaling transmitted in this process is called a D2R message. For example, a D2R message can be a random ID message (MSG1) or a D2Rupper layer data transfer message, etc.

[0078] Another data transmission process involves the reader sending data or signaling to the device, known as reader-to-device (R2D) transmission. The data or signaling transmitted in this process is called an R2D message. For example, an R2D message can be an A-IoT paging message, an accessoccasion trigger message, or a random ID response message (MSG2), etc.

[0079] For example, Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the communication process between the reader and the device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0080] After the reader receives a service request from a core network device (such as AIOTF), such as Figure 4 As shown, the reader and device can perform the following steps A through C: Step A: Based on the service request from the core network device (such as AIOTF), the reader sends an A-IoT paging message to the device. This A-IoT paging message can be used to instruct the device to respond.

[0081] Step B: After the A-IoT access process, the device transmits its device ID via D2R data transmission. The device can transmit its device ID to the reader through the access process or the data transmission process.

[0082] Step C includes step C1 and / or step C2.

[0083] Step C1: Optional R2D data transfer, such as sending the command, which can be used to instruct read and write to be disabled.

[0084] Step C2: Optional D2R data transmission, such as the corresponding response to command in step C1.

[0085] With the evolution of 3GPP standards, A-IoT technology is working to deploy A-IoT readers co-located with existing NR macro base stations, for example in... Figure 2 In the D1T1 topology shown, the base station deploys a reader, and the base station provides A-IoT data transmission services to the device via a wireless interface. Wide-area coverage of 50 to 500 meters is achieved using FDD mode on the licensed FR1 band. This design aims to connect a vast number of objects and support various device types, including passive devices (device 1) that rely on external carrier backscattering as defined in Rel-19, and more advanced active devices (device 2b and device c) that Rel-20 focuses on, which possess independent energy storage and active signal generation capabilities. To accommodate the low-power requirements of these constrained devices and ensure transmission reliability, the A-IoT physical layer design has undergone deep lightweight optimization. The uplink D2R link supports a peak transmission rate of approximately 640kbps, and the minimum information bit duration is selected as 1.39 to balance rate and power consumption. Convolutional codes are used for forward error correction, and 6-bit or 16-bit CRC checks are supported. A block-level repetition transmission mechanism with a maximum repetition count of 2 or 4 is configured to enhance coverage. Meanwhile, to effectively support frequency division multiple access (FDMA) and reduce multi-user interference, the system introduces a small frequency shift (SFS) mechanism. Frequency domain resources are divided using a finely defined set of R values ​​(such as 1, 2, 4...128). When allocating resources, the reader must use specific rules to ensure that the main lobes and harmonics of different devices do not overlap under sampling clock frequency offset (SFO).

[0086] Despite the increasing sophistication of physical layer technology, at the access layer, A-IoT can only handle highly bursty and unpredictable device-initiated (DO-A) uplink traffic. The grant-free mechanism, widely adopted to reduce signaling overhead and latency, faces significant challenges in scenarios with massive device concurrency. Grant-free refers to skipping scheduling requests and resource authorization, allowing devices to directly send data on designated resources. For example... Figure 5As shown, multiple devices register with the cell corresponding to the base station. Due to the lack of orthogonal isolation on the same time-frequency resource, when a large number of devices transmit concurrently on the same time-frequency resource, such as device 1, device 2, device 3, device 4, ..., device x transmitting DO-A data concurrently on the same time-frequency resource, a serious "hard collision" will occur. This may cause the base station (reader) to be unable to correctly decode any device data, thereby significantly reducing system throughput and connection reliability.

[0087] In view of the above problems, this application provides a data transmission method. When the A-IoT reader detects a sharp increase in the number of active users in the current cell, it activates a time-slotted grouping strategy to divide the A-IoT devices in the cell into multiple subgroups. Each subgroup corresponds to a time block in the access cycle, and each A-IoT device is only allowed to initiate uplink data transmission within the time block window corresponding to its subgroup. Although this method requires the A-IoT device to wait until its specific time block before waking up and establishing a connection, introducing a slight waiting delay during the access process, by physically isolating massive concurrent requests on the time axis, the number of potential users competing for the same resource at any given time is reduced, significantly reducing the signal collision rate from the source and ensuring that the A-IoT system can still operate stably under high load.

[0088] It should be noted that some embodiments of this application are illustrated using "uplink data" as DO-A data (such as DO-A data employing an unlicensed mechanism), which does not limit the scope of this application. In other embodiments, "uplink data" can also be non-DO-A data, such as data from a device-originated-device-terminated triggered (DO-DTT) service, where the A-IoT device needs an A-IoT reader or core network to send a command to trigger the data transmission.

[0089] The data transmission method provided in this application embodiment will be described in detail below with reference to the corresponding flowcharts. It is understood that the illustrative flowcharts provided in this application embodiment mainly use different devices (e.g., a first device and a second device) as examples to illustrate the method, but this application does not limit the execution subject of the interaction. For example, the devices in the illustrative flowcharts (e.g., the first device and the second device) can also be chips, chip systems, or processors that support the implementation of the method on the device, or logic modules or software that can implement all or part of the functions of the device. For ease of description, the following embodiments use the first device and the second device as examples; it is understood that other names can also be used for description.

[0090] For clarity, the first device can be a device (such as a device in a D1T1 or D2T2 topology), and the second device can be a reader (such as a reader in a D1T1 or D2T2 topology). A device, also known as a first-type device or first-class device, refers to a new type of IoT device in an A-IoT system that harvests energy from radio waves, light, motion, heat, or any other available environmental energy source and uses this energy for power. A reader, also known as a second-type device or second-class device, refers to a device in an A-IoT system that reads data from a device or writes data to a device.

[0091] In the interaction process of this application embodiment, the message or signaling interaction involved can adopt standard messages or signaling, or it can be newly introduced messages or signaling. This application embodiment does not make specific limitations on this.

[0092] In real-world A-IoT scenarios, uplink data (such as DO-A data) is bursty and intermittent, and network load is not always saturated. For example, devices may be more active (high load) during certain periods, with a higher probability of concurrent signal conflicts; while devices may be less active (low load) during other periods, with a lower probability of concurrent signal conflicts. This application proposes a load-aware mechanism to dynamically switch access modes under different load conditions.

[0093] For example, Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the process of switching access modes based on trigger conditions, provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0094] The second device can check whether the triggering conditions are met at preset intervals.

[0095] If the triggering conditions are met, then the low-load orthogonal mode is used.

[0096] If the triggering conditions are not met, then high-load access mode will be used.

[0097] The triggering conditions mentioned above may include at least one of the following: ① The number of currently active users is less than or equal to the first threshold.

[0098] The aforementioned currently active users refer to the devices that send uplink data to the reader during the current time period.

[0099] The first threshold mentioned above can be set according to the pre-configured N physical resource units, for example, the first threshold is equal to N.

[0100] ② The conflict rate of the uplink data within the historical period is less than or equal to the second threshold.

[0101] For example, the second device can maintain a "resource status table" in real time and determine whether to switch to low-load orthogonal mode based on the following specific quantitative thresholds: The second device can continuously monitor the frequency of hard collisions within historical access cycles. If, within M consecutive access cycles, the hard collision rate detected by the second device (i.e., the proportion of resource blocks that the second device cannot resolve and whose energy overlaps) is less than or equal to a second threshold, the environment is determined to be in a low-load state. Here, M is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0102] Taking M=4 as an example, a detection point is set every 4 cycles. If the second device detects that the frequency of signal hard collisions in the first 4 cycles is less than or equal to the second threshold, then the low-load orthogonal mode is adopted. If the second device detects that the frequency of signal hard collisions in at least one of the first 4 cycles is greater than the second threshold, then the high-load access mode is adopted.

[0103] The implementation methods of these two modes are illustrated below through Examples 1 and 2.

[0104] Example 1: Low-load orthogonal mode.

[0105] During periods of inactive uplink transmission on the device, the probability of hard collisions is low. Using the non-orthogonal sparse code scheme provided in the following embodiments would introduce unnecessary decoding complexity and potential error propagation risks. Therefore, low-load orthogonal mode is suitable for low-load scenarios.

[0106] In low-load orthogonal mode, the second device can use a traditional orthogonal resource scheme. Here, "orthogonal" means that the radio resources used by the devices are completely separate and do not overlap in the time domain, frequency domain, or code domain.

[0107] The aforementioned traditional orthogonal resource schemes can be FDMA, time division multiple access (TDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), or orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA).

[0108] For example, Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the data transmission process in low-load orthogonal mode, as provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0109] Taking the traditional orthogonal resource scheme FDMA as an example, the second device can be pre-configured with N physical resource units (PRUs), and these N PRUs are orthogonal in the frequency domain. N is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0110] The second device can generate a codebook set based on N physical resource units. The codebook set consists of N codebooks and is in the form of an identity matrix. In each codebook's vector structure, the j-th resource position is 1, and the remaining N-1 resource positions are 0, representing exclusive use of a specific physical subcarrier. In the N codebooks, j takes values ​​from 1 to N sequentially. For example, for 3 physical resource units, the codebook set includes codebooks... codebook codebook .

[0111] The second device can notify each device within its coverage area of ​​the codebook set through a broadcast channel or a pre-configured method.

[0112] When a device (such as the first device) needs to initiate an uplink transmission, it can randomly select a codebook from the codebook set and send uplink data on a physical resource unit corresponding to this codebook.

[0113] For DO-A data using an unlicensed mechanism, multiple devices may simultaneously transmit small data packets on pre-configured physical resource units (PROMs), meaning multiple devices are competing for the same PROM. A second device can manage and resolve these conflicts using high-level physical layer algorithms and media access control (MAC) layer protocols. For example, if each device uses a unique pilot sequence, the second device might attempt to estimate multiple channels simultaneously and decode them jointly. If decoding is successful, it sends an acknowledgment (ACK) message to each device; if decoding fails, it sends a negative acknowledgment (NACK) message to each device, and the device performs backoff and retransmission.

[0114] In the above scheme, since the N physical resource units are orthogonal, there is no need to start the serial interference cancellation (SIC) algorithm. Only simple single-device detection is required, which significantly reduces computing power consumption and processing latency, while ensuring a reliable transmission link.

[0115] Example 2: High-load access mode.

[0116] High-load access mode is suitable for scenarios where the device is relatively active.

[0117] When the second device detects a sharp increase in active user data within the current cell, or when the uplink signal collision rate exceeds a preset safety threshold, the second device can determine that it is currently in a concurrent state. To avoid SIC decoding deadlock caused by physical resource saturation, the second device can activate a time-domain packet splitting strategy, dividing the A-IoT devices within the cell into multiple subgroups. Each subgroup corresponds to a time block in the access cycle, and each A-IoT device is only allowed to initiate uplink data transmission within the time block window corresponding to its subgroup.

[0118] The following provides examples illustrating some parameters involved in the time-domain packet splitting strategy.

[0119] Total number of devices M: The total number of A-IoT devices registered within the cell. Here, a cell refers to the continuous geographical area covered by the second device (such as a base station). Once registered, an A-IoT device can initiate A-IoT transmissions to the second device, such as unlicensed DO-A data.

[0120] Resource pool: Also known as physical resource pool, it is a collection of physical resource units partitioned in the frequency domain by a second device (such as a base station). The resource pool can be dedicated to unlicensed access for DO-A traffic. This resource pool consists of N orthogonal physical resource units (such as N single-tone waveform subcarriers). A physical resource unit is the smallest allocatable time-frequency resource unit in a wireless communication system used to carry physical layer channel or signal data. In some embodiments, a physical resource unit can be a physical resource block (PRB). A PRB is a rectangular area consisting of a set of consecutive subcarriers and a set of consecutive orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols.

[0121] Number of groups G: Divides M devices into G subgroups. The number of groups G is also called the number of subgroups G. Subgroups are also called device subgroups or logical subgroups. The number of subgroups G can be determined based on the number of pre-configured physical resource units N and the total number of devices M registered in the cell. For example, , This is the floor function. In high-load access mode, the total number of devices M is greater than the total number of physical resources N, therefore the number of devices in each subgroup is greater than 1.

[0122] Access cycle T_cycle: also known as transmission cycle, is a complete time period defined by the second device. An access cycle is divided into G non-overlapping fixed time blocks, each corresponding to a subgroup.

[0123] The following example illustrates the specific implementation of the time-domain packet splitting strategy.

[0124] Grouping rules: The second device can evenly distribute the M devices into G subgroups based on the device ID.

[0125] Time slot mapping: Each subgroup is assigned a dedicated time block. Where i = 1...G. Devices are only used within their respective subgroups. The window allows users to initiate transmissions independently.

[0126] For example, Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the time block corresponding to the subgroup provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0127] like Figure 8 As shown, the access period is the time period during which devices are allowed to initiate transmissions autonomously. There is a certain time interval between two access periods, which is the time period during which devices are prohibited from initiating transmissions autonomously. Each access period is divided into G non-overlapping fixed time blocks, each corresponding to a G subgroup. For example, time blocks... Corresponding to the first subgroup, time block Corresponding to the second subgroup, ..., time block This corresponds to the Gth subgroup. Devices in the first subgroup are allowed in time blocks. Devices in the second subgroup are allowed to initiate transmissions autonomously within the window, and transmissions can be initiated within the time block. The device in the Gth subgroup is allowed to initiate a transmission autonomously within the window, ..., the device in the Gth subgroup is allowed to transmit within the time block. Transmissions are initiated autonomously within the window. As an example, a time interval can be set between two adjacent time blocks. Here, "adjacent" means that there are no other time blocks between the two time blocks.

[0128] The second device can indicate to M devices which subgroup each belongs to.

[0129] In some embodiments, the second device may indicate to the M devices the subgroup to which it belongs in a pre-configured manner.

[0130] For example, the second device can use radio resource control (RRC) signaling, such as RRC connection setup signaling, RRC reconfiguration signaling, RRC release signaling, or non-access stratum (NAS) signaling, to indicate to M devices which subgroup they belong to.

[0131] Taking the first device out of M devices as an example, Figure 9 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating a method for a second device to indicate its subgroup to a first device, as provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0132] like Figure 9 As shown, the method may include the following S01 to S02.

[0133] S01, the second device sends the first configuration information to the first device.

[0134] Accordingly, the first device receives the first configuration information from the second device.

[0135] The aforementioned first configuration information is used to indicate that the first device belongs to the first subgroup, the first subgroup corresponds to a time block in the access period, and each device in the first subgroup is allowed to initiate transmission autonomously within the time block corresponding to the first subgroup.

[0136] In some embodiments, the second device may carry the configuration information of the subgroups to which the M devices belong in a single signaling message and send this signaling message to the M devices simultaneously. Alternatively, the second device may carry the configuration information of the subgroups to which each device belongs in a separate signaling message and send a separate corresponding signaling message to each device.

[0137] S02, within the time block corresponding to the first subgroup, the first device sends uplink data on the first frequency domain resource.

[0138] Accordingly, the second device receives uplink data from the first device on the first frequency domain resource within the time block corresponding to the first subgroup.

[0139] The aforementioned upstream data can be unlicensed DO-A data.

[0140] The aforementioned first frequency domain resource is a physical resource unit among the pre-configured N physical resource units.

[0141] For the first frequency domain resources, this application provides two implementation methods: The first implementation method is as follows: the first frequency domain resource is one of the pre-configured N physical resource units, and this physical resource unit is a dedicated physical resource unit for the first device.

[0142] The second implementation is as follows: the first frequency domain resource is at least one physical resource unit among the pre-configured N physical resource units, and the at least one physical resource unit is the physical resource unit selected by the first device from the N physical resource units.

[0143] The two implementation methods for the first frequency domain resources can be referred to the description of the following embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0144] In the aforementioned time-domain packet splitting strategy, when the first device needs to transmit uplink data, it wakes up when the transmission opportunity arrives and transmits uplink data on the pre-configured frequency domain resources within the time block corresponding to the first subgroup. Then, the first device returns to sleep mode. Although the first device must wait until its specific time block to wake up and establish a connection, introducing a slight delay during the access process, by physically isolating massive concurrent requests on the time axis, the number of potential users competing for the same resource at any given time is reduced from M to M / N, significantly reducing the signal collision rate from the source and ensuring stable operation of the A-IoT system under high load.

[0145] According to the description of Embodiment 2 above, when the device is relatively active, the second device can adopt a time-domain packet splitting strategy in high-load access mode to evenly distribute the M devices into G subgroups, so that each device can only operate within its corresponding subgroup. The window allows users to initiate transmissions independently.

[0146] Based on the relationship between the number of devices in a subgroup and the number of physical resource units N, this application embodiment also provides a load-aware adaptive dual-mode access mechanism: the number of devices in a subgroup When the number of physical resource units (N) is less than or equal to the number of physical resource units (N), orthogonal dedicated mode is used to achieve zero-collision transmission; the number of devices within the subgroup... When the number of physical resource units (N) exceeds a certain threshold, an unlicensed multiple access mode based on sparse codes and SIC is adopted to overcome the capacity bottleneck. That is, the high-load access mode can be divided into orthogonal dedicated mode and unlicensed multiple access mode based on sparse codes and SIC.

[0147] The implementation of the adaptive dual-mode access mechanism will be illustrated below through Examples 3 and 4.

[0148] Example 3: Orthogonal dedicated mode.

[0149] The trigger condition for orthogonal dedicated mode is: the number of devices in the subgroup. Less than or equal to the number of physical resource units N.

[0150] In orthogonal dedicated mode, resource allocation is performed as follows: the base station allocates resources to each device within the subgroup through broadcasting or pre-configuration. Static mapping of a unique physical resource unit This unique physical resource unit Can be used as a device A dedicated physical resource unit. A "dedicated physical resource unit" refers to a physical resource unit that is only allowed to be used by a specific device to transmit uplink data within a time block window.

[0151] Taking the first device out of M devices, and the first device belonging to the first subgroup as an example, Figure 10 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating a method for a second device to instruct a dedicated physical resource unit to a first device, as provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0152] like Figure 10 As shown, the method may include the following steps S11 to S13.

[0153] S11, the second device sends the first configuration information to the first device.

[0154] Accordingly, the first device receives the first configuration information from the second device.

[0155] The aforementioned first configuration information is used to indicate that the first device belongs to the first subgroup, the first subgroup corresponds to a time block in the access period, and each device in the first subgroup is allowed to initiate transmission autonomously within the time block corresponding to the first subgroup.

[0156] For the specific implementation of S11, please refer to the description of S01, which will not be repeated here.

[0157] S12, if the number of devices in the first subgroup is less than or equal to N, the second device sends the second configuration information to the first device.

[0158] Accordingly, the first device receives the second configuration information from the second device.

[0159] The second device can notify the first device of the second configuration information through a broadcast channel or a pre-configured method.

[0160] For example, the second device can broadcast a set of "rules" through the system information block (SIB) generated by the RRC layer. After reading the SIB, the first device can autonomously determine its orthogonal frequency domain position, i.e., the first frequency domain resource, through the formula defined by RRC (such as a mapping based on the device ID).

[0161] It should be noted that the first and second configuration information mentioned above can be carried in a single signaling instruction, meaning that S11 and S12 can be executed together. Alternatively, the first and second configuration information can be carried in different signaling instructions, meaning that S11 and S12 can be executed separately.

[0162] The aforementioned second configuration information can be used to indicate that the first frequency domain resource is a dedicated physical resource unit of the first device.

[0163] For example, the second configuration information described above can be an orthogonal codebook. The vector structure of this orthogonal codebook has a 1 at the j-th resource position and a 0 at the N-1 resource positions other than the j-th resource position. The j-th resource position indicates a first frequency domain resource, where j is an integer less than or equal to N.

[0164] Taking a scenario with 3 PRUs and 3 devices in each subgroup as an example, the second device can transmit the codebook. Assigned to device , codebook Assigned to device , codebook Assigned to device .

[0165] The codebooks corresponding to the devices in the first subgroup are all different, and the j value is different in each codebook. For example, in the codebook... In the codebook, j=1. In the codebook, j=2. In the middle, j=3.

[0166] Table 1

[0167] In orthogonal dedicated mode, allocating a specific physical resource unit is equivalent to assigning a specific orthogonal codebook to each device. This codebook is set to 1 only at the specified single resource location and not 0 at the rest of the resources, thus ensuring that the transmission between devices is completely isolated at the physical layer.

[0168] For example, Figure 11 A schematic diagram of the device, time block, subgroup, and PRU provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0169] M devices are divided into G subgroups, and each subgroup contains 3 devices. ,equipment ,equipment Belongs to subgroup and subgroup Corresponding time block ;equipment ,equipment ,equipment Belongs to subgroup and subgroup Corresponding time block ...The second device is pre-configured with 3 PRUs. Within a time block window, each device in a subgroup is only allowed to initiate uplink transmissions on a specified PRU. For example, device... Only allowed in time blocks Inside the window, Uplink transmission initiated by the device; Only allowed in time blocks Inside the window, Uplink initiates uplink transmission; device Only allowed in time blocks Inside the window, Uplink initiates uplink transmission; device Only allowed in time blocks Inside the window, Uplink transmission initiated by the device; Only allowed in time blocks Inside the window, Uplink transmission initiated by the device; Only allowed in time blocks Inside the window, Initiate uplink transmission.

[0170] S13, within the time block corresponding to the first subgroup, the first device sends uplink data on the first frequency domain resource.

[0171] Accordingly, within the time block corresponding to the first subgroup, the second device demodulates the first frequency domain resources according to an orthogonal codebook corresponding to the first device to obtain uplink data from the first device.

[0172] When the first device needs to transmit uplink data, it wakes up when the transmission opportunity arrives and transmits uplink data on the first frequency domain resource allocated to it within the time block corresponding to the first subgroup, without occupying other resources. Afterward, the first device returns to sleep mode. When receiving signals, the second device does not need to start the SIC algorithm and directly performs conventional demodulation processing on each orthogonal resource.

[0173] It should be noted that the difference between the low-load orthogonal mode provided in Embodiment 1 and the orthogonal dedicated mode provided in Embodiment 3 is as follows: In the low-load orthogonal mode, when a device (such as the first device) needs to initiate uplink transmission, a codebook is randomly selected from the codebook set, and uplink data is transmitted on a physical resource unit corresponding to this codebook; in the orthogonal dedicated mode, the second device is each device within the subgroup. Static mapping of a unique physical resource unit Allocating a specific physical resource unit is equivalent to assigning a specific orthogonal codebook to the user. When a device (such as the first device) needs to initiate an uplink transmission, the first device can send uplink data on the dedicated frequency domain resources (such as the first frequency domain resources) of the first device within the time block corresponding to the first subgroup.

[0174] In the "one device, one resource" static mapping strategy provided in the above embodiments, absolute isolation of user signals in the time-frequency domain is enforced at the physical level. This deterministic resource exclusivity mechanism completely eliminates the possibility of multiple users competing for the same physical resource unit from the source, achieving true "zero-collision" transmission. This not only ensures access reliability in low-load scenarios but also allows the base station to demodulate directly without relying on complex interference cancellation algorithms, allowing the communication link to return to the purest and most stable orthogonal transmission state.

[0175] Example 4: Unlicensed Multiple Access Mode Based on Sparse Codes and SIC.

[0176] The trigger condition for the unlicensed multiple access mode based on sparse codes and SIC is: the number of devices in the subgroup. If the number of physical resource units is greater than N, then there is a local overload.

[0177] In this situation, the orthogonal dedicated mode provided in Embodiment 3 cannot be used. Uplink access can be initiated by randomly selecting frequency domain resources. When initiating uplink access by randomly selecting frequency domain resources, sparse codes and the SIC algorithm can be used.

[0178] The resource allocation method for the unlicensed multiple access mode based on sparse codes and SIC is as follows: N pre-configured physical resource units form a shared resource pool. The second device can broadcast a sparse codebook set of length J to the first device. The first device can randomly select a codebook from the sparse codebook set to initiate uplink access. "A sparse codebook set of length J" means that the sparse codebook set consists of J codebooks, where J is an integer greater than N.

[0179] Taking the first device out of M devices, and the first device belonging to the first subgroup as an example, Figure 12 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating a method for a second device to instruct a first device to use multiple physical resource units, as provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0180] like Figure 12 As shown, the method may include the following steps S21 to S26.

[0181] S21, the second device sends the first configuration information to the first device.

[0182] Accordingly, the first device receives the first configuration information from the second device.

[0183] The aforementioned first configuration information is used to indicate that the first device belongs to the first subgroup, the first subgroup corresponds to a time block in the access period, and each device in the first subgroup is allowed to initiate transmission autonomously within the time block corresponding to the first subgroup.

[0184] For the specific implementation of S21, please refer to the description of S01, which will not be repeated here.

[0185] S22, if the number of devices in the first subgroup is greater than N, the second device sends third configuration information to the first device.

[0186] Accordingly, the first device receives third configuration information from the second device.

[0187] The aforementioned third configuration information can be used to indicate that the first device is allowed to select at least one physical resource unit from the pre-configured N physical resource units.

[0188] For example, the third configuration information is a sparse codebook set. This sparse codebook set consists of J codebooks, also known as a codebook pool. Each of the J codebooks occupies at least one physical resource unit (PRU) out of N PRUs. J is an integer greater than N. The second device can directly configure the sparse codebook set to all devices within its coverage area via an SIB published through a physical broadcast channel (PBCH).

[0189] The number J of the sparse codebook set can be determined by the second device based on the pre-configured number N of physical resource units and the sparsity. Determined. Among them, sparsity... It can be used to represent the number of non-zero resource locations in the vector structure of each codebook.

[0190] As an example, a sparse codebook set is based on selecting from N physical resource units. This is generated from all possible combinations of resources. For example, the number of codebooks J in a sparse codebook set can be determined by the following relationship: .

[0191] Where N represents the number of pre-configured physical resource units, Represents sparsity.

[0192] For ease of understanding, the following example assumes a pre-configured number of physical resource units N=4 and a sparsity of... Taking a sparse codebook set with a codebook count of J=6 as an example, we introduce a sparse codebook set.

[0193] As shown in Table 2, the sparse codebook set consists of 6 codebooks. codebook codebook codebook codebook codebook When the sparsity is At this time, the number of non-zero resource positions in the vector structure of each codebook is 2. Any two codebooks can overlap by at most 1 physical resource unit, therefore the overlap is... .

[0194] Table 2

[0195] Table 2 above provides 6 codebooks. The probability that two users will choose the same codebook at the same time is 1 / 6, that is, the probability that two users will have a conflict when choosing the same codebook is 1 / 6.

[0196] To expand the number of codebooks in the codebook set, embodiments of this application also provide a method that allows for sparsity. Variations within a certain range, such as sparsity The range of values ​​is The number of codebooks J in a sparse codebook set is no longer simply... Rather, it is all allowed sparsity. The sum of the combinations. Here, "allowed sparsity" refers to... "Sum of combinations" refers to the sum of the numbers according to sparsity. The sum of the number of sparse codebooks that will not cause a "deadlock" phenomenon after filtering. A "deadlock" phenomenon refers to a situation where all resource units are in a state of multi-user overlap at a certain moment, causing the base station to be unable to find a "singleton resource" with a row weight of 1 as the initial breakthrough point for decoding, which in turn leads to the failure of demodulation of the entire data packet.

[0197] As an example, based on all allowed sparsity The sum of the combinations is used to obtain the number of codebooks J in the sparse codebook set as follows: .

[0198] Where N represents the number of pre-configured physical resource units, such as the number of subcarriers.

[0199] S represents the allowed sparsity. Sets, for example .

[0200] It is understandable that by introducing different sparsity values, the size of the sparse codebook set can be greatly expanded. The more codebooks included in the sparse codebook set, the lower the probability that two devices will randomly select the same codebook.

[0201] Although sparse code spreading and SIC technology can significantly improve system capacity in high-load access mode, the effectiveness of this mechanism strictly depends on the convergence of the decoding process. In actual multi-user overlay transmission, if the sparse codebook is not designed properly, a "deadlock" phenomenon can easily occur, where all resource units are in a multi-user overlapping state at a certain moment, causing the base station to be unable to find a "singleton resource" with a row weight of 1 as the initial breakthrough point for decoding, thus leading to the failure of demodulation of the entire data packet. In order to fundamentally eliminate this uncertainty in the topology and ensure that the system always has a feasible decoding path regardless of the user combination and concurrent access, the embodiments of this application abandon the traditional regular codebook or random generation method and provide a maximum deadlock-free irregular codebook search algorithm (MDFS-Algorithm).

[0202] This algorithm employs an "incremental greedy strategy," starting with the codebook most conducive to SIC decoding (i.e., sparsity d_v=1). It attempts to add new codebooks one by one, immediately performing simulated decoding (stripping test) on all possible device combinations after each addition. Only codebooks that do not cause subset deadlock are retained. By utilizing irregular sparsity mixing and offline full subset stripping verification, a codebook set that maximizes capacity and exhibits deterministic SIC convergence is constructed.

[0203] The following is combined with Figure 13 This paper provides an example illustrating the implementation of a deadlock-free irregular codebook search algorithm.

[0204] like Figure 13 As shown, the algorithm may include steps 1 to 3 as described below.

[0205] Step 1: Generate a candidate codebook set.

[0206] The aforementioned candidate codebook set, also known as the candidate pool or the complete candidate codebook set, consists of a set of length N. binary non-zero vectors Composition. N represents the number of pre-configured physical resource units.

[0207] Taking N=4 as an example, the candidate codebook set can include the following vectors : , , , , , , , , , , , , , , .

[0208] Step 2: Sort the candidate codebook set in ascending order according to sparsity dv.

[0209] Calculate the Hamming weight (sparseness) of each vector. Then, the vectors are sorted according to their sparsity dv. Sort in ascending order. Understandably, a codebase with sparsity dv=1, which creates "singleton resources," should be selected first. The larger the sparsity dv value, the more likely the codebase is to create conflict loops, and it should be tried last.

[0210] Taking N=4 as an example, a vector with sparsity dv=1 include: , , , .

[0211] A vector with sparsity dv=2 include: , , , , , .

[0212] A vector with sparsity dv=3 include: , , , .

[0213] A vector with sparsity dv=4 include: .

[0214] Step 3: Using the incremental greedy search algorithm, traverse each vector in the candidate codebook set after ascending order. If no deadlock occurs in any non-empty subset of the temporary set corresponding to each vector, then retain the temporary set as a verified codebook.

[0215] For example, the second device can initialize the final codebook set. Ø.

[0216] Then, iterate through each vector in the sorted candidate pool. : Construct a temporary codebook set .

[0217] verify Does it satisfy the condition that "no deadlock occurs on any subset"?

[0218] If the condition "no deadlock in any subset" is met, then That is, keep the codebook and try the next vector. .

[0219] If the condition "no deadlock in any subset" is not met, then discard. And try the next vector. .

[0220] Repeat the above steps until all vectors in the candidate pool have been processed. Traverse. Generate a sparse codebook set based on the J verified codebooks.

[0221] In some embodiments, the second device may use the peeling verification function algorithm for verification. Does it satisfy the condition of "no deadlock on any subset"? This algorithm can be used to guarantee that no deadlock will occur with any number of codebooks.

[0222] The following example illustrates the specific implementation of the full subset verification function algorithm.

[0223] The algorithm may include steps a to b as described below.

[0224] Step a, generate a temporary codebook set All non-empty subsets S.

[0225] One example of what is generated is: Assume a temporary codebook set Given 3 codebooks {A, B, C}, the generated non-empty subset S includes: A subset of size 1: {A}, {B}, {C}, is used to simulate single-user transmission.

[0226] A subset of size 2: {A, B}, {A, C}, {B, C}, is used to simulate concurrent conflicts between two users.

[0227] A subset of size 3: {A, B, C}, is used to simulate concurrent conflicts among 3 users.

[0228] Step b: Perform SIC simulation for each subset S (a subset S represents a concurrent scenario).

[0229] Specifically, the columns corresponding to the codebook in subset S are extracted to form a submatrix. Then perform the following loop operation: check the submatrix For each row (resource), does there exist a row with a weight of 1 (finding a singleton resource)? If a row with a weight of 1 exists, it means a singleton resource has been found, and no deadlock will occur; return true, meaning the condition of "no deadlock on any subset" is satisfied. If no row with a weight of 1 exists and... If the value is not empty, then a deadlock is confirmed, and a false value is returned, indicating that the condition "no deadlock in any subset" is not met.

[0230] In the above scheme, "soft collision" deadlock is eliminated through full subset verification: while increasing the number of codebooks J in the codebook pool, rigorous algorithm verification eliminates inferior codebooks that, although increasing the number of codebooks J, are prone to forming "stopping sets" with other codebooks. This ensures that even without hard collisions, the superimposed signals between different devices always maintain "topological solvability," guaranteeing the convergence of the SIC algorithm.

[0231] It should be noted that the embodiments of this application involve two types of conflicts: hard conflicts and soft conflicts. A "hard conflict" refers to a base station decoding codebook where there is no singleton resource as an entry point, making the conflict unsolvable. A "soft conflict" refers to a base station iteratively decoding according to the SIC algorithm provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0232] S23, the first device uses the first codebook to spread the symbols of the modulated uplink data, distributes the signal energy to the first frequency domain resources specified by the first codebook, and transmits the signal in the time block corresponding to the first subgroup.

[0233] The first codebook mentioned above is a codebook randomly selected by the first device from the sparse codebook set provided by S22.

[0234] The aforementioned first frequency domain resource is one or more frequency domain resources determined based on the first codebook.

[0235] When the transmission opportunity arrives, the first device wakes up within its designated time block window for its subgroup. It randomly selects a codebook (such as the first codebook) from the set of available sparse codebooks as the non-orthogonal sequence for this transmission. The first codebook is then used to spread the symbols of the modulated uplink data, distributing the signal energy across the first frequency domain resource specified by the first codebook, and the signal is transmitted. The first device then returns to sleep mode.

[0236] In the unlicensed multiple access mode based on sparse codes and SIC, the signal received by the second device is a "soft collision" signal superimposed by multiple users, which can be decoded by S24 to S26.

[0237] S24, the second device performs channel estimation and active user detection within the time block corresponding to the first subgroup, and determines the currently active codebook set in the sparse codebook set.

[0238] S25, the second device determines a singleton resource among N physical resource units.

[0239] The aforementioned singleton resource refers to a resource that is used by only one device. That is, only one device sends data on this resource.

[0240] The second device can scan all physical resource units to find those occupied by only one active user, i.e., singleton resources. The signal on this "singleton resource" is unaffected by other users and is "clean," allowing the second device to directly demodulate the signal on that resource. Therefore, identifying singleton resources among N physical resource units is the key to initiating the SIC algorithm.

[0241] S26, the second device uses the SIC algorithm to demodulate all occupied resources in N physical resource units based on the currently active codebook set and singleton resources, and obtains uplink data from multiple devices.

[0242] The aforementioned uplink data from multiple devices includes the uplink data from the first device.

[0243] The iterative decoding process of the SIC algorithm is as follows: Step A, Decoding. Using the interference-free signal obtained from the "single-instance resource" and combined with the user's channel information, the second device can demodulate and decode the data of the user (let's say user A) to recover the original bitstream.

[0244] Step B, Reconstruction. After successful decoding, the second device not only obtains the data sent by user A, but also acquires user A's channel characteristics and the sparse codebook used by user A through the preprocessing stage. Based on this, the second device can completely reconstruct the signal waveform of user A across all occupied resources locally. .

[0245] Step C, Elimination. The second device subtracts the reconstructed signal waveform from the received total superimposed signal Y. The residual signal was obtained. .

[0246] Step D, loop. As user A's signal is eliminated, other resources that previously conflicted with it may become new "singleton resources." The second device can then base its response on the updated residual signal. Return to step B, search for a new singleton resource, and continue decoding the next user. This process continues until all detected active users have been successfully decoded and eliminated, or the remaining signal no longer contains valid user signals.

[0247] In the unlicensed multiple access mode based on sparse codes and SIC provided in the above embodiments, a deadlock-free irregular codebook search algorithm is designed. By utilizing irregular sparsity mixing and offline full subset stripping verification, a codebook set that combines maximized capacity with deterministic SIC convergence characteristics is constructed. Furthermore, by constructing an unlicensed access system that transforms "hard conflicts" into solvable "soft conflicts," the high sparsity and low overlap characteristics of sparse codes are utilized, along with a low-complexity SIC algorithm, to achieve the separation and recovery of multi-user superimposed signals.

[0248] The data transmission method provided in this application can be applied to outdoor deployment scenarios of A-IoT device 2b or A-IoT device c, as well as scenarios involving A-IoT sensing and positioning tasks. This data transmission method can also be applied to large-scale sensor monitoring in the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite IoT, and smart city public facility monitoring. In the Industrial Internet, the load awareness mechanism of this method can effectively cope with sudden alarm traffic storms on the production line, using time-domain splitting and sparse code technology under high load mode to prevent network congestion. In the LEO satellite IoT scenario, given the low handshake efficiency caused by long propagation delays, the authorization-free characteristic of this method, combined with a deadlock-free codebook design, can significantly improve the access capacity and connection success rate of massive terminals within a single beam. In smart city meter reading scenarios, this method can adaptively switch between orthogonal and non-orthogonal modes according to the density of device reporting, thereby ensuring the battery life of low-power terminals while solving the signal conflict problem caused by periodic dense reporting. It is understood that this method can also be applied to other possible scenarios, and this application does not limit the application.

[0249] It should be understood that Figures 1 to 13 The flowcharts or scene diagrams shown are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the embodiments of this application to the examples illustrated. In fact, those skilled in the art can interpret the embodiments based on... Figures 1 to 13 The examples in the document can be transformed into equivalent ways to obtain more implementations.

[0250] Figure 14 This is a schematic block diagram of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application. The communication device 100 may be a chip, chip system, or processor, etc., in a terminal device that implements the above-described methods. The communication device 100 can be used to implement the methods described in the above-described method embodiments; for details, please refer to the descriptions in the above-described method embodiments.

[0251] like Figure 14 As shown, the communication device 100 may include one or more processors 101, which may also be referred to as processing units or processing modules, and can implement certain control functions. The processor 101 may be a general-purpose processor or a dedicated processor, such as a baseband processor or a central processing unit. The baseband processor can be used to process communication protocols and communication data, while the central processing unit can be used to control the communication device 100 (e.g., a base station, baseband chip, user, user chip), execute software programs, and process data from the software programs.

[0252] In one possible implementation, the processor 101 may also store instructions and / or data, which can be executed by the processor 101 to cause the communication device 100 to perform the methods described in the above method embodiments.

[0253] In another possible implementation, the communication device 100 may include a communication interface 102 for implementing receiving and transmitting functions. For example, the communication interface 102 may be a transceiver circuit, interface, interface circuit, or transceiver. The transceiver circuit, interface, interface circuit, or transceiver for implementing receiving and transmitting functions may be separate or integrated. The aforementioned transceiver circuit, interface, interface circuit, or transceiver may be used for reading and writing code / data, or it may be used for transmitting or relaying signals.

[0254] Optionally, the communication device 100 may include one or more memories 103, which may store instructions that can be executed on the processor 101, causing the communication device 100 to perform the methods described in the above method embodiments. Optionally, the memories 103 may also store data. Optionally, the processor 101 may also store instructions and / or data. The processor 101 and the memories 103 may be provided separately or integrated together.

[0255] It should be understood that, in one possible implementation, the steps in the method embodiments provided in this application can be completed by integrated logic circuits in the processor hardware or by instructions in software form. The steps of the method disclosed in the embodiments of this application can be directly implemented by a hardware processor, or by a combination of hardware and software modules in the processor. The software modules can reside in random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, electrically erasable programmable memory, registers, or other mature storage media in the art. This storage medium is located in memory, and the processor reads information from the memory and, in conjunction with its hardware, completes the steps of the above method. To avoid repetition, detailed descriptions are not provided here.

[0256] In one implementation, the communication device 100 may correspond to the terminal device in the above method embodiments, and may be used to execute the various steps and / or processes executed by the terminal device in the above method embodiments. The processor 101 may be used to execute instructions stored in the memory 103, and when the processor 101 executes the instructions stored in the memory, the processor 101 is used to execute the various steps and / or processes of the above method embodiments corresponding to the terminal device.

[0257] In another implementation, the communication device 100 may correspond to the network device in the above method embodiments and may be used to execute the various steps and / or processes executed by the network device in the above method embodiments. The processor 101 may be used to execute instructions stored in the memory 103, and when the processor 101 executes the instructions stored in the memory, the processor 101 is used to execute the various steps and / or processes of the above method embodiments corresponding to the network device.

[0258] It should be understood that the aforementioned processor can be one or more chips. For example, the processor can be a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a system-on-a-chip (SoC), a central processing unit (CPU), a network processor (NP), a digital signal processor (DSP), a microcontroller unit (MCU), a programmable logic device (PLD), or other integrated chips.

[0259] It is understood that the memory in the embodiments of this application can be volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memory. The non-volatile memory can be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or flash memory. The volatile memory can be random access memory (RAM), which is used as an external cache. By way of example, but not limitation, many forms of RAM are available, such as static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchronous linked dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and direct rambus RAM (DR RAM). It should be noted that the memory used in the systems and methods described herein is intended to include, but is not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0260] According to the method provided in the embodiments of this application, this application also provides a chip system, which includes one or more processors for calling and executing instructions stored in memory, causing the method described in the embodiments of this application to be executed. The chip system may be composed of a chip or may include chips and other discrete devices. The chip system may include input circuitry or interfaces for transmitting information or data, and output circuitry or interfaces for receiving information or data.

[0261] According to the method provided in the embodiments of this application, this application also provides a computer program product, which includes: computer program code, which, when run on a computer, causes the computer to execute the various steps or processes in any of the foregoing method embodiments.

[0262] According to the method provided in the embodiments of this application, this application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing program code, which, when run on a computer, causes the computer to perform the various steps or processes in any of the foregoing method embodiments.

[0263] The computer-readable storage medium may be the aforementioned volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or it may include both volatile memory and non-volatile memory.

[0264] In the embodiments of this application, the terms and English abbreviations are exemplary examples given for ease of description and should not be construed as limiting the application in any way. This application does not preclude the possibility of defining other terms that can achieve the same or similar functions in existing or future agreements.

[0265] In the above embodiments, implementation can be achieved, in whole or in part, through software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, it can be implemented, in whole or in part, as a computer program product. A computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the flow or function according to the embodiments of this application is generated.

[0266] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0267] It should be understood that in the various embodiments of this application, the sequence number of each process does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application. In summary, the above are merely preferred embodiments of the technical solutions of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A data transmission method, characterized in that, The method is applied to a first device, and the method includes: Receive first configuration information, which is used to indicate that the first device belongs to a first subgroup, the first subgroup corresponds to a time block in the access period, and each device in the first subgroup is allowed to initiate transmission autonomously within the time block corresponding to the first subgroup. Within the time block corresponding to the first subgroup, uplink data is transmitted on the first frequency domain resource, which is a physical resource unit among N pre-configured physical resource units, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The N physical resource units are orthogonal in the frequency domain.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The first frequency domain resource is one of the pre-configured N physical resource units; the method further includes: Receive second configuration information, which is used to indicate that the first frequency domain resource is a dedicated physical resource unit of the first device.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The second configuration information is an orthogonal codebook, wherein the vector structure of the orthogonal codebook is 1 at the j-th resource position, and the vector structure of the orthogonal codebook is 0 at the N-1 resource positions other than the j-th resource position. The j-th resource position indicates the first frequency domain resource, and j is an integer less than or equal to N.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The j values ​​corresponding to each device in the first subgroup are different.

6. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The first frequency domain resource is at least one of the pre-configured N physical resource units; the method further includes: Receive third configuration information, the third configuration information being used to indicate that the first device is allowed to select at least one physical resource unit from the N physical resource units.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The third configuration information is a sparse codebook set, which consists of J codebooks. Each of the J codebooks occupies at least one physical resource unit among the N physical resource units. The first frequency domain resource is determined based on the first codebook, which is a codebook randomly selected by the first device from the sparse codebook set. J is an integer greater than N.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The number J of the sparse codebook set is determined based on the number N of pre-configured physical resource units and the sparsity. Determined, the sparsity This is used to represent the number of non-zero resource locations in the vector structure of each codebook.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The number J of codebooks in the sparse codebook set is determined by the following formula: ； Where N represents the number of pre-configured physical resource units; S represents the allowed sparsity. gather, .

10. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that, The step of transmitting uplink data on the first frequency domain resource within the time block corresponding to the first subgroup includes: The first codebook is used to spread the symbols of the modulated uplink data, distributing the signal energy to the first frequency domain resources specified by the first codebook, and the signal is transmitted within the time block corresponding to the first subgroup.

11. A data transmission method, characterized in that, The method is applied to a second device, and the method includes: Send first configuration information, which is used to indicate that the first device belongs to the first subgroup. The first subgroup corresponds to a time block in the access period. Each device in the first subgroup is allowed to initiate transmission autonomously within the time block corresponding to the first subgroup. Within the time block corresponding to the first subgroup, uplink data from the first device is received on the first frequency domain resource, where the first frequency domain resource is a physical resource unit among N pre-configured physical resource units, and N is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that, The N physical resource units are orthogonal in the frequency domain.

13. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that, The first frequency domain resource is one of the pre-configured N physical resource units; the method further includes: If the number of devices in the first subgroup is less than or equal to N, second configuration information is sent, which indicates that the first frequency domain resource is a dedicated physical resource unit for the first device.

14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that, The second configuration information is an orthogonal codebook, wherein the vector structure of the orthogonal codebook is 1 at the j-th resource position, and the vector structure of the orthogonal codebook is 0 at the N-1 resource positions other than the j-th resource position. The j-th resource position indicates the first frequency domain resource, and j is an integer less than or equal to N.

15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that, The j values ​​corresponding to each device in the first subgroup are different.

16. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 15, characterized in that, Receiving uplink data from the first device on the first frequency domain resource within the time block corresponding to the first subgroup includes: Within the time block corresponding to the first subgroup, the first frequency domain resources are demodulated according to the orthogonal codebook corresponding to the first device to obtain uplink data from the first device.

17. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that, The second configuration information is communicated by the second device to the first device via a broadcast channel or a pre-configured method.

18. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that, The first frequency domain resource is at least one of the pre-configured N physical resource units; the method further includes: If the number of devices in the first subgroup is greater than N, third configuration information is sent, which indicates that the first device is allowed to select at least one physical resource unit from the N physical resource units.

19. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that, The third configuration information is a sparse codebook set, which consists of J codebooks. Each of the J codebooks occupies at least one physical resource unit among the N physical resource units. The first frequency domain resource is determined based on the first codebook, which is a codebook randomly selected by the first device from the sparse codebook set. J is an integer greater than N.

20. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that, The number J of the sparse codebook set is determined based on the number N of pre-configured physical resource units and the sparsity. Determined, the sparsity This is used to represent the number of non-zero resource locations in the vector structure of each codebook.

21. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that, The number J of codebooks in the sparse codebook set is determined by the following formula: ； Where N represents the number of pre-configured physical resource units; S represents the allowed sparsity. gather, .

22. The method according to claim 21, characterized in that, The sparse codebook set is determined in the following manner: Generate a candidate codebook set, the candidate codebook set consisting of a length of N. Composed of binary vectors; According to the sparsity The candidate codebook set is sorted in ascending order; An incremental greedy search algorithm is used to traverse each vector in the candidate codebook set after ascending order. If no deadlock occurs in any non-empty subset of the temporary set corresponding to each vector, the temporary set is retained as a verified codebook. The sparse codebook set is generated based on the J codebooks that have passed verification.

23. The method according to any one of claims 19 to 22, characterized in that, Receiving uplink data from the first device on the first frequency domain resource within the time block corresponding to the first subgroup includes: Within the time block corresponding to the first subgroup, channel estimation and active user detection are performed to determine the currently active codebook set in the sparse codebook set; Among the N physical resource units, a singleton resource is determined, which is a resource that is occupied by only one device; A serial interference cancellation algorithm is used to demodulate all occupied resources in the N physical resource units based on the currently active codebook set and the singleton resource to obtain uplink data from multiple devices, including the uplink data from the first device.

24. The method according to any one of claims 18 to 22, characterized in that, The third configuration information is communicated by the second device to the first device via a broadcast channel.

25. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 15, 18 to 22, characterized in that, The first configuration information is notified to the first device by the second device through a pre-configuration method.

26. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 15, 18 to 22, characterized in that, The number of subgroups is determined based on the number of pre-configured physical resource units N and the total number of devices registered in the cell.

27. A communication device, characterized in that, The communication device includes at least one processor coupled to a memory storing a program or instructions, the processor executing the program or instructions to cause the communication device to perform the method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10, or to perform the method as claimed in any one of claims 11 to 26.

28. A communication system, characterized in that, The communication system includes the communication device as described in claim 27.

29. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program or instructions that, when executed, cause a computer to perform the method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10, or the method as claimed in any one of claims 11 to 26.

30. A computer program product, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program or instructions that, when executed, cause the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 10 to be performed, or cause the method as described in any one of claims 11 to 26 to be performed.

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