Modularized intelligent greenhouse equipment capable of demonstrating tidal irrigation principle

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural facilities and intelligent irrigation, in particular to modular intelligent greenhouse equipment capable of demonstrating the tidal irrigation principle, which comprises a glass sunlight room, an intelligent control mechanism is arranged in the glass sunlight room, and an adjusting and shielding mechanism for adjusting and controlling illumination is assembled on a roof framework of the glass sunlight room. A regulation and control planting mechanism linked with the intelligent control mechanism is correspondingly arranged in the sunlight room. Through station switching of the linkage planting module and the design of the transparent planting frame, the liquid level change, matrix water absorption and water and fertilizer backflow process of tidal irrigation can be visually displayed, the double-layer linkage planting module and the fixed planting frame can synchronously carry out irrigation operation, and water and fertilizer supply of each unit is controlled through an independent electromagnetic valve; by means of multi-sensor fusion and PLC control, real-time monitoring of illumination and matrix humidity and automatic linkage of a sunshade mechanism and an irrigation mechanism can be achieved, the irrigation precision is high, illumination regulation and control response is timely, and the manual intervention cost is reduced; closed-loop water-fertilizer circulation reduces water-fertilizer waste and effectively saves water sources.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural facilities and intelligent irrigation technology, specifically to a modular intelligent greenhouse device that can demonstrate the principle of tidal irrigation. Background Technology

[0002] Tidal irrigation technology, as a highly efficient water-saving irrigation method, works by periodically raising and lowering the water and fertilizer solution level around the planting substrate. This allows the substrate to absorb water and nutrients through capillary action, while excess solution is recycled. It has advantages such as high water and fertilizer utilization, stable root environment, and reduced pests and diseases, and has been gradually promoted and applied in facility agriculture.

[0003] However, existing tidal irrigation equipment has obvious shortcomings: most equipment focuses only on production applications and lacks intuitive principle demonstration functions, which cannot meet the visualization needs in agricultural teaching and technology promotion; the planting modules are mostly integrated designs, which cannot be flexibly adjusted according to the planting scale and demonstration scenario, resulting in low modularity; the monitoring of environmental parameters such as light and substrate moisture is poorly linked with the execution mechanisms such as irrigation and shading, making it difficult to achieve fine control, and there is a lack of precise control and demonstration of key aspects of tidal irrigation.

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, there is an urgent need for a tidal irrigation greenhouse device that combines modular structure, intelligent control functions, and clear demonstration effects to fill the technological gap between teaching demonstrations and efficient production. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to meet the requirements of tidal irrigation technology to have a modular structure, intelligent control function and clear demonstration effect, this invention designs a modular intelligent greenhouse device that can demonstrate the principle of tidal irrigation.

[0006] This application provides a modular intelligent greenhouse device that can demonstrate the principle of tidal irrigation, including a glass sunroom, an intelligent control mechanism installed inside the glass sunroom, an adjustment and shading mechanism for regulating light installed on the roof frame of the glass sunroom, and a corresponding control planting mechanism that is linked to the intelligent control mechanism installed inside the sunroom.

[0007] The glass sunroom uses a combination of aluminum alloy frame and tempered glass, which has good light transmission and structural stability. The top is reserved with space for the installation of an adjustable shading mechanism, and ventilation windows and maintenance doors are set on the sides for convenient equipment maintenance and air circulation.

[0008] The controlled planting mechanism includes a planting frame set inside a glass sunroom. From top to bottom, the planting frame is equipped with a linked planting module and a fixed planting frame. The planting frame is equipped with a drive mechanism, which is connected to the linked planting module.

[0009] The preferred planting frame includes a fixed frame set inside a glass sunroom, with support frames evenly spaced on the fixed frame. The support frames have a U-shaped structure, and support cross plates are evenly spaced from top to bottom between the inner walls of the support frames. A placement frame adapted to the fixed planting frame is formed between two adjacent support frames, and the fixed planting frame is set inside the placement frame.

[0010] The number of linked planting modules is two, and the two linked planting modules are arranged sequentially from top to bottom within the placement frame. The supporting horizontal plate has an upper sliding groove and a lower sliding groove that cooperate with the two linked planting modules. An upper sliding rod is slidably installed in the upper sliding groove, and a lower sliding rod is slidably installed in the lower sliding groove. The upper and lower sliding grooves are of the same length. Each of the upper and lower sliding grooves has a first working position and a second working position. In the initial state, the upper sliding rod is in the first working position in the upper sliding groove, and the lower sliding rod is in the second working position in the lower sliding groove. In this state, the fixed planting frame and the linked planting modules are vertically distributed. A linkage plate is provided between the upper and lower sliding rods to realize the reverse synchronous sliding of the upper and lower sliding rods.

[0011] The linkage plate is symmetrically provided with adjustment slots, and the upper sliding rod and the lower sliding rod are respectively slidably disposed in the corresponding adjustment slots;

[0012] An upper fixed rod is fixedly installed at the second station in the upper sliding groove, and a lower fixed rod is fixedly installed at the first station in the lower sliding groove;

[0013] The linkage planting module includes an upper planting frame and a lower planting frame. The upper planting frame is mounted on two upper sliding rods and is slidably connected to an upper fixed rod. The lower planting frame is mounted on two lower sliding rods and is slidably connected to a lower fixed rod. An upper connecting bracket is provided between the upper planting frames and is slidably connected to a supporting horizontal plate. Upper auxiliary branches are provided on two support frames located in the middle of the fixed frame and are connected to the upper connecting bracket. A lower connecting bracket is provided between the lower planting frames and is slidably connected to a supporting horizontal plate. Lower auxiliary branches are provided on two support frames located in the middle of the fixed frame and are connected to the lower connecting bracket. The upper and lower auxiliary branches have the same structure.

[0014] The upper auxiliary support chain includes an auxiliary groove opened on the support frame, a mounting base is slidably arranged in the auxiliary groove, and an auxiliary telescopic rod is arranged between the mounting base and the upper connecting bracket through a pin.

[0015] The drive mechanism includes a bidirectional motor mounted on a fixed frame. The bidirectional motor is electrically connected to an intelligent control mechanism. Rotating rods are symmetrically arranged on the output shaft of the bidirectional motor via a coupling. The rotating rods are mounted on a fixed seat via bearings. The fixed seat is mounted on a support frame. A lead screw is mounted between the inner walls of the support frame via bearings. A driven bevel gear is mounted on the end of the lead screw near the fixed seat. A driving bevel gear is mounted on the rotating rod. The driving bevel gear meshes with the driven bevel gear.

[0016] A movable base is connected to the lower sliding rod. The movable base is provided with a thread that mates with the lead screw. The movable base is connected to the lead screw.

[0017] The adjustable shading mechanism includes mounting frames symmetrically arranged on the roof frame of the glass sunroom. A winding shaft is mounted on the mounting frames via bearings. Partitions are evenly distributed on the mounting frames, and passage slots are formed on the partitions. A shading cloth is wound on the winding shaft. A connecting rod is slidably mounted on the mounting frames. The end of the shading cloth away from the winding shaft is mounted on the connecting rod. Both the shading cloth and the connecting rod slide through the passage slots. Reset slots are symmetrically distributed on the mounting frames. Elastic ropes are installed in the reset slots and connected to the connecting rods. An installation platform is provided on the glass sunroom. A winding motor is mounted on the installation platform via a motor mount. The output shaft of the winding motor is connected to the winding shaft via a coupling. The winding motor is electrically connected to an intelligent control mechanism.

[0018] When the sunshade needs to be retracted, the winding motor receives the instruction from the intelligent control mechanism and drives the winding shaft to rotate in the forward direction. When the winding shaft rotates, it retracts the wound sunshade. The sunshade drives the connecting rod to slide along the slide rail of the mounting frame. The sunshade and the connecting rod move synchronously in the through groove of the partition. The through groove restricts the sunshade from deviating and avoids tangling. During this process, the connecting rod stretches the elastic rope in the reset groove, and the elastic rope stores elastic potential energy.

[0019] When the sunshade needs to be unfolded, the winding motor reverses its direction, and at the same time, the elastic rope releases its elastic potential energy, generating a reverse pulling force to pull the connecting rod back to its original position, assisting the sunshade to quickly retract and ensuring a smooth and efficient curtain retraction action.

[0020] Water pipes are connected to the fixed planting frame, upper planting frame, and lower planting frame. Flow sensors are installed on the water pipes to monitor irrigation water volume. A water pump, an adjustable-speed centrifugal pump, is installed on the fixed frame and electrically connected to the intelligent control mechanism. A connecting pipe is connected to the water pump. A PE-made liquid storage tank is installed on the fixed frame. The liquid storage tank has a filling port at the top and a drain valve at the bottom. A liquid level sensor is installed inside the liquid storage tank. The water pipes on the fixed planting frame, upper planting frame, and lower planting frame are all connected to the connecting pipe via flexible hoses. A normally closed solenoid valve is installed on the connecting pipe corresponding to each planting frame, which is linked to the PLC controller to achieve individual or batch irrigation control. Planting boards are installed inside the fixed planting frame, upper planting frame, and lower planting frame. The planting boards have seepage holes and are made of porous ceramsite. A water collection layer is located below the planting board, which is connected to the liquid storage tank through a return pipe to form a tidal irrigation water circulation system. The liquid storage tank stores a water-fertilizer solution.

[0021] The intelligent control mechanism includes a PLC controller, an environmental sensor group, and a touch screen. The PLC controller is electrically connected to the level sensor of the winding motor, the bidirectional motor, the water pump, the solenoid valve, the liquid level sensor of the storage tank, and the environmental sensor group.

[0022] The PLC controller is an S7-200SMART model, which has strong logic operation and data processing capabilities; the touch screen is a 7-inch industrial-grade touch screen, which supports parameter setting, real-time status display and fault alarm functions.

[0023] The environmental sensor group includes a substrate moisture sensor installed in the fixed planting frame, upper planting frame, and lower planting frame, and a light intensity sensor installed on the planting frame. The substrate moisture sensor is used to monitor the moisture and light intensity of the planting substrate, and the light intensity sensor is used to monitor the light intensity inside the glass sunroom. The substrate moisture sensor is model HS1101 and is embedded in the planting substrate of each planting frame to monitor the substrate moisture content in real time. The light intensity sensor is model BH1750 and is evenly distributed at different heights of the planting frame to comprehensively monitor the light distribution inside the sunroom. Each sensor communicates with the PLC controller via RS485 bus to ensure that the monitoring data is real-time and reliable.

[0024] The beneficial technical effects of this application, as described above, are as follows:

[0025] This invention, through the workstation switching of the linked planting module and the design of the transparent planting frame, can intuitively demonstrate the liquid level changes, substrate water absorption, and water and fertilizer return process of tidal irrigation. Combined with the parameter display on the touch screen, it facilitates teaching demonstrations and technology promotion. Moreover, the double-layer linked planting module and the fixed planting frame can carry out irrigation operations simultaneously, and each unit controls the water and fertilizer supply through an independent solenoid valve. Light, water, and fertilizer resources in the sunroom are allocated on demand, avoiding the impact of demonstration operations on normal planting and improving the overall utilization rate of the equipment. In addition, multi-sensor fusion and PLC control can realize real-time monitoring of light and substrate humidity and automatic linkage of shading and irrigation mechanisms, with high irrigation accuracy, timely response to light regulation, and reduced manual intervention costs. The closed-loop water and fertilizer cycle reduces water and fertilizer waste and effectively saves water resources. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the adjustable shielding mechanism of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the first structure of the planting control mechanism of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the second structure of the planting mechanism of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure between the planting frame, the linked planting module and the drive mechanism of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure between the support frame and the upper connecting bracket of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure between the upper sliding rod, the upper fixed rod, and the upper planting frame of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the intelligent control mechanism of the present invention;

[0034] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Glass sunroom; 2. Adjustable shading mechanism; 3. Controlled planting mechanism; 4. Planting frame; 5. Linked planting module; 6. Fixed planting frame; 7. Drive mechanism; 41. Fixed frame; 42. Support frame; 43. Supporting cross plate; 45. Upper sliding groove; 47. Upper sliding rod; 48. Lower sliding rod; 49. Linked plate; 410. Upper fixed rod; 411. Lower fixed rod; 51. Upper planting frame; 52. Lower planting frame; 53. Upper connecting bracket; 54. Upper auxiliary support chain; 55. Lower connecting bracket; 56. Lower auxiliary support chain; 541. Mounting base; 542. Auxiliary telescopic rod; 71. Bidirectional motor; 72. Rotating rod; 73. Lead screw; 74. Driven bevel gear; 75. Driving bevel gear; 76. Movable base; 21. Mounting frame; 22. Rewinding shaft; 23. Shade cloth; 24. Connecting rod; 25. Elastic rope; 26. Rewinding motor; 61. Water pipe; 62. Water pump; 63. Connecting pipe; 64. Flexible hose. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figures 1-8 This application will be described in further detail.

[0036] This application is as follows Figures 1-8 The embodiment shown discloses a modular intelligent greenhouse device that can demonstrate the principle of tidal irrigation, including a glass sunroom 1, an intelligent control mechanism installed inside the glass sunroom 1, an adjustment and shading mechanism 2 for regulating light on the roof frame of the glass sunroom 1, and a corresponding regulation planting mechanism 3 that is linked with the intelligent control mechanism installed inside the sunroom 1.

[0037] The intelligent control mechanism collects environmental data in real time, and the PLC processes the data and issues commands to control and adjust the shading mechanism 2 and the planting mechanism 3 to perform actions. After receiving the command, the shading mechanism 2 drives the winding shaft 22 through the winding motor 26 to wind up and down the shading cloth 23, dynamically regulating the light in the sunroom. If the light is too strong, the shading cloth is unfolded; if it is too weak, it is retracted, providing suitable environmental conditions for tidal irrigation. The planting mechanism 3, as the core execution component, starts the water pump 62 to transport water and fertilizer from the storage tank to the planting frame through the water pipe 61. The substrate absorbs water and fertilizer through capillary action, and excess water and fertilizer are returned to the storage tank through the water collection layer and return pipe, achieving the purpose of tidal irrigation. The planting frame position can be switched through the drive mechanism 7, and the effect of the principle is demonstrated in conjunction with the transparent planting frame structure.

[0038] The control planting mechanism 3 includes a planting frame 4 installed inside the glass sunroom 1. The planting frame 4 is provided with a linkage planting module 5 and a fixed planting frame 6 from top to bottom. The planting frame 4 is provided with a drive mechanism 7, which is connected to the linkage planting module 5.

[0039] The planting frame 4 includes a fixed frame 41 installed inside the glass sunroom 1. Support frames 42 are evenly spaced on the fixed frame 41. The support frames 42 have a U-shaped structure. Supporting horizontal plates 43 are evenly spaced from top to bottom between the inner walls of the support frames 42. A placement frame 44 adapted to the fixed planting frame 6 is formed between two adjacent support frames 42. The fixed planting frame 6 is placed inside the placement frame 44. The planting frame 4 uses the fixed frame 41 as a base and forms a stable support structure through the U-shaped support frames 42 distributed at equal intervals.

[0040] The number of the linked planting modules 5 is two, and the two linked planting modules 5 are arranged sequentially from top to bottom within the placement frame 44. The supporting horizontal plate 43 has an upper sliding groove 45 and a lower sliding groove 46 that cooperate with the two linked planting modules 5. An upper sliding rod 47 is slidably disposed in the upper sliding groove 45, and a lower sliding rod 48 is slidably disposed in the lower sliding groove 46. The upper sliding groove 45 and the lower sliding groove 46 are of the same length. Both the upper sliding groove 45 and the lower sliding groove 46 have a first working position and a second working position. In the initial state, the upper sliding... Rod 47 is in the first position within the upper sliding groove 45, while the lower sliding rod 48 is in the second position within the lower sliding groove 46. At this time, the fixed planting frame 6 and the two linked planting modules 5 are vertically distributed, allowing for simultaneous irrigation operations and principle demonstrations. A linkage plate 49 is provided between the upper sliding rod 47 and the lower sliding rod 48, which is used to achieve synchronous sliding of the upper sliding rod 47 and the lower sliding rod 48 in opposite directions. The upper sliding groove 45 and the lower sliding groove 46 on the supporting horizontal plate 43 provide precise sliding guidance for the linked planting modules 5.

[0041] The linkage plate 49 is symmetrically provided with adjustment grooves, and the upper sliding rod 47 and the lower sliding rod 48 are respectively slidably disposed in the corresponding adjustment grooves; an upper fixed rod 410 is fixedly disposed at the second position in the upper sliding groove 45, and a lower fixed rod 411 is fixedly disposed at the first position in the lower sliding groove 46; the linkage plate 49 forms an interlocking sliding fit with the upper sliding rod 47 and the lower sliding rod 48 through the symmetrically provided adjustment grooves, forming a mechanical linkage mechanism. When the drive mechanism 7 provides power to drive the lower sliding rod 48 to move along the sliding groove 46... The lower sliding rod 48 exerts force on the linkage plate 49 through the inner wall of the regulating groove, forcing the linkage plate 49 to move synchronously. Since the two regulating grooves are symmetrically distributed, the displacement of the linkage plate 49 will be converted into the reverse sliding of the upper sliding rod 47, thereby realizing the reverse synchronous action of the upper and lower sliding rods, ensuring precise coordination of the workstation switching of the two linkage planting modules. When the lower sliding rod 47 slides along the groove to the corresponding workstation under the drive mechanism, the sliding rod and the fixed rod form a contact limit to avoid overtravel and ensure that the linkage planting module 4 is stably stopped at the target workstation.

[0042] The linkage planting module 5 includes an upper planting frame 51 and a lower planting frame 52. The upper planting frame 51 is mounted on two upper sliding rods 47 and is slidably connected to an upper fixed rod 410. The lower planting frame 52 is mounted on two lower sliding rods 48 and is slidably connected to a lower fixed rod 411. An upper connecting bracket 53 is provided between the upper planting frames 51 and is slidably connected to a supporting horizontal plate 43. Upper auxiliary branches 54 are provided on two support frames 42 located in the middle of the fixed frame 41 and are connected to the upper connecting bracket 53. A lower connecting bracket 55 is provided between the lower planting frames 52 and is slidably connected to the supporting horizontal plate 43. Lower auxiliary branches 56 are provided on two support frames 42 located in the middle of the fixed frame 41 and are connected to the lower connecting bracket 55. The upper auxiliary branches 54 and the lower auxiliary branches 56 have the same structure.

[0043] The upper auxiliary support chain 54 includes an auxiliary groove formed on the support frame 42. A mounting base 541 is slidably disposed in the auxiliary groove. An auxiliary telescopic rod 542 is connected between the mounting base 541 and the upper connecting bracket 53 via a pin. The working principle of the upper auxiliary support chain 54 is the same as that of the lower auxiliary support chain 56. Taking the upper auxiliary support chain 54 as an example, when the planting frame moves along the sliding groove with the lower sliding rod 48, the upper connecting bracket 53 moves synchronously, causing the auxiliary telescopic rod 542 to rotate around the pin and extend and retract adaptively. The mounting base 541 connected to the other end of the auxiliary telescopic rod 542 slides synchronously along the auxiliary groove of the support frame 42, so that the auxiliary telescopic rod 542 always maintains a triangular support posture with the connecting bracket and the support frame.

[0044] By adopting the above technical solution, the upper planting frame 51 is rigidly connected to the two upper sliding rods 47 through a fixed structure, and the lower planting frame 52 is similarly fixed to the lower sliding rod 48, ensuring that the planting frame moves synchronously with the sliding rods; at the same time, the upper planting frame 51 is slidably engaged with the upper fixed rod 410 and the lower planting frame 52 is slidably engaged with the lower fixed rod 411, forming a double guide structure. The sliding rod provides the main guide along the direction of the slide groove, and the fixed rod restricts the radial sway of the planting frame, avoiding tilting or offset of the planting frame when switching work positions, and ensuring the motion accuracy.

[0045] The upper connecting bracket 53 connects multiple upper planting frames 51 in series into an integrated module, and the lower connecting bracket 55 similarly integrates the lower planting frames 52 to achieve synchronous movement of multiple frames: when the drive mechanism 7 drives the lower sliding rod 48 to move, the connecting bracket evenly transmits power to each planting frame to prevent individual planting frames from jamming or shifting due to uneven force; at the same time, the connecting bracket and the supporting horizontal plate 43 slide together to further enhance the overall sliding stability of the module, so that the planting frames in the same group always maintain a parallel and synchronous movement state.

[0046] The drive mechanism 7 includes a bidirectional motor 71 mounted on a fixed frame 41. The bidirectional motor 71 is electrically connected to an intelligent control mechanism. Rotating rods 72 are symmetrically mounted on the output shaft of the bidirectional motor 71 via a coupling. The rotating rods 72 are mounted on a fixed seat via bearings. The fixed seat is mounted on a support frame 42. A lead screw 73 is mounted between the inner walls of the support frame 42 via bearings. A driven bevel gear 74 is mounted on the end of the lead screw 73 near the fixed seat. A driving bevel gear 75 is mounted on the rotating rod 72. The driving bevel gear 75 meshes with the driven bevel gear 74.

[0047] A movable base 76 is connected to the lower sliding rod 48. The movable base 76 is provided with a thread that mates with the lead screw 73. The movable base 76 is connected to the lead screw 73.

[0048] In operation, the output shaft of the bidirectional motor 71 rigidly transmits torque to the symmetrically distributed rotating rods 72 through a coupling. The driving bevel gear 75 on the rotating rod 72 and the driven bevel gear 74 at the end of the lead screw 73 form a meshing transmission pair. The vertical steering characteristic of the bevel gear is used to convert the horizontal rotation of the rotating rod 72 into the horizontal rotation of the lead screw 73. At the same time, the speed is reduced and the torque is increased through a 1:2 transmission ratio, which amplifies the output torque of the motor and meets the power requirements for driving the planting frame and substrate.

[0049] The rotational motion of the lead screw 73 is converted into the linear motion of the movable base 76 through the threaded pair. The movable base 76 is rigidly connected to the lower sliding rod 48. The lower sliding rod 48, which slides with the movable base 76, transmits the linear motion to the upper sliding rod 47 through the adjustment groove structure of the linkage plate 49, forcing the two sliding rods to slide synchronously in opposite directions, and finally realizing the precise switching of the workstation of the linkage planting module 5.

[0050] The adjustable shading mechanism 2 includes an installation frame 21 symmetrically arranged on the roof frame of the glass sunroom 1. A winding shaft 22 is mounted on the installation frame 21 via bearings. Partitions are evenly distributed on the installation frame 21, and through slots are provided on the partitions. A shading cloth 23 is wound on the winding shaft 22. A connecting rod 24 is slidably arranged on the installation frame 21. The end of the shading cloth 23 away from the winding shaft 22 is mounted on the connecting rod 24. Both the shading cloth 23 and the connecting rod 24 slide through the through slots. A reset slot is symmetrically arranged on the installation frame 21. An elastic rope 25 is installed in the reset slot and connected to the connecting rod 24. An installation platform is provided on the glass sunroom 1. A winding motor 26 is mounted on the installation platform via a motor mount. The output shaft of the winding motor 26 is connected to the winding shaft 22 via a coupling. The winding motor 26 is electrically connected to the intelligent control mechanism.

[0051] After receiving the shading command, the take-up motor 26 runs in the forward direction. The output shaft rigidly transmits the torque to the take-up shaft 22 through a coupling. When the take-up shaft 22 rotates, it winds up the shading cloth 23. The shading cloth 23 drives the connecting rod 24 to slide along the slide rail of the mounting frame 21. The shading cloth 23 and the connecting rod 24 pass through the through slot of the partition at the same time. The through slot restricts the offset of the shading cloth 23 and prevents it from getting tangled. During this process, the connecting rod 24 stretches the elastic rope 25 in the reset slot. The elastic rope stores elastic potential energy. When shading is needed, the take-up motor 26 runs in the reverse direction, and the take-up shaft 22 releases the shading cloth 23. At the same time, the elastic rope 25 releases its elastic potential energy, generating a reverse pulling force to pull the connecting rod 24 to reset synchronously, assisting the shading cloth 23 to unfold quickly.

[0052] Water pipes 61 are connected to the fixed planting frame 6, the upper planting frame 51, and the lower planting frame 52. Flow sensors are installed on the water pipes 61 to monitor irrigation water volume. A water pump 62 is installed on the fixed frame 41 and is electrically connected to the intelligent control mechanism. A connecting pipe 63 is connected to the water pump 62. A liquid storage tank is installed on the fixed frame 41, with a filling port at the top and a drain valve at the bottom. A liquid level sensor is installed inside the liquid storage tank. All water pipes 61 are connected to the connecting pipe 63 via flexible hoses 64. The connecting pipe 63 is equipped with a solenoid valve. The fixed planting frame 6, the upper planting frame 51, and the lower planting frame 52 are all made of transparent plastic and each has a planting board made of porous ceramic granules inside. The planting substrate is laid on the planting board, and a water collection layer is provided below the planting board. The water collection layer is connected to the storage tank through a return pipe to form a water circulation system for tidal irrigation. The transparent planting frame allows for direct observation of the changes in the internal water volume during the demonstration of tidal planting.

[0053] When the PLC controller determines that the planting frame needs irrigation, it first starts the water pump 62. The water pump pumps the water-fertilizer solution in the storage tank to the connecting pipe 63 according to the irrigation demand. At the same time, the PLC controls the normally closed electromagnetic reversing valve corresponding to the planting frame on the connecting pipe 63 to be energized and opened, so as to realize the on-demand distribution of water supply only to the planting frame with insufficient humidity, avoiding resource waste. The water pipes 61 of the fixed planting frame 6, the upper planting frame 51, and the lower planting frame 52 are all connected to the connecting pipe through the corrosion-resistant hose 64. The flexibility of the hose can be adapted to the work position switching of the linkage planting module 5, ensuring that the water supply link is uninterrupted and leak-free during the sliding of the planting frame.

[0054] The flow sensor on water pipe 61 monitors the amount of water and fertilizer flowing through in real time, and the data is synchronously transmitted back to the PLC controller. When the irrigation amount reaches the preset value of the planting frame, or when the substrate moisture sensor reports that the moisture content meets the standard, the PLC immediately outputs an instruction: first close the corresponding solenoid valve to cut off the water supply path, and then delay turning off the water pump to complete the quantitative irrigation, so as to avoid root hypoxia caused by over-irrigation.

[0055] The water-fertilizer solution entering the planting frame is evenly permeated into the substrate through the drainage holes of the planting board. The substrate absorbs water and nutrients through capillary action. Excess water and fertilizer that is not absorbed collects in the water collection layer below the planting board and flows back to the storage tank through the return pipe, forming a closed-loop system of storage tank, water pump, planting frame, return pipe, and storage tank, which fully improves the utilization rate of water-fertilizer solution. During this process, the liquid level sensor in the storage tank monitors the total liquid volume after return in real time. When the liquid level is lower than the lower limit, the touch screen immediately issues a low liquid level alarm, reminding the user to add solution through the top filling port. The drain valve at the bottom of the storage tank can be opened periodically to remove sediment and impurities, ensuring the cleanliness of the water-fertilizer solution.

[0056] The intelligent control mechanism includes a PLC controller, an environmental sensor group, and a touch screen. The PLC controller is electrically connected to the winding motor 26, the bidirectional motor 71, the water pump 62, the solenoid valve, the liquid level sensor of the storage tank, and the environmental sensor group. The environmental sensor group includes a substrate humidity sensor installed in the fixed planting frame 6, the upper planting frame 51, and the lower planting frame 52, and a light intensity sensor installed on the planting frame 4. The substrate humidity sensor is used to monitor the humidity and light intensity of the planting substrate, and the light intensity sensor is used to monitor the light intensity inside the glass sunroom 1.

[0057] When the linkage planting module 5 switches positions under the drive mechanism, the PLC controller automatically adjusts the irrigation frequency of the corresponding planting frame, while maintaining the complete process of water and fertilizer supply and return. With the transparent planting frame design, the audience can intuitively observe the changes in liquid level and the process of substrate water absorption. When the light intensity sensor reports that the light is too strong, the PLC first drives the winding motor 26 to unfold the sunshade cloth 23, and then starts the water and fertilizer circulation system to avoid rapid evaporation of substrate moisture caused by irrigation under strong light, thus ensuring irrigation efficiency.

[0058] The foregoing has only described certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention by way of illustration. Undoubtedly, those skilled in the art can modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the foregoing drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A modular intelligent greenhouse device capable of demonstrating the principle of tidal irrigation, comprising a glass sunroom, characterized in that, The glass sunroom is equipped with an intelligent control mechanism, and the roof frame of the glass sunroom is fitted with an adjustment and shading mechanism for regulating light. Correspondingly, a controlled planting mechanism that is linked to the intelligent control mechanism is installed inside the sunroom. The controlled planting mechanism includes a planting frame set inside a glass sunroom. From top to bottom, the planting frame is equipped with a linked planting module and a fixed planting frame. The planting frame is equipped with a drive mechanism, which is connected to the linked planting module. The planting frame includes a fixed frame set inside the glass sunroom, with support frames evenly spaced on the fixed frame. The support frames have a U-shaped structure, and support cross plates are evenly spaced from top to bottom between the inner walls of the support frames. A placement frame adapted to the fixed planting frame is formed between two adjacent support frames, and the fixed planting frame is set inside the placement frame. The number of linked planting modules is two, and the two linked planting modules are arranged sequentially from top to bottom within the placement frame. The supporting horizontal plate has an upper sliding groove and a lower sliding groove that cooperate with the two linked planting modules. An upper sliding rod is slidably installed in the upper sliding groove, and a lower sliding rod is slidably installed in the lower sliding groove. The upper and lower sliding grooves are of the same length. Each of the upper and lower sliding grooves has a first working position and a second working position. In the initial state, the upper sliding rod is in the first working position in the upper sliding groove, and the lower sliding rod is in the second working position in the lower sliding groove. In this state, the fixed planting frame and the linked planting modules are vertically distributed. A linkage plate is provided between the upper and lower sliding rods to realize the reverse synchronous sliding of the upper and lower sliding rods.

2. The modular intelligent greenhouse equipment capable of demonstrating the principle of tidal irrigation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The linkage plate is symmetrically provided with adjustment grooves. The upper sliding rod and the lower sliding rod are respectively slidably arranged in the corresponding adjustment grooves. An upper fixed rod is fixedly arranged at the second position in the upper sliding groove, and a lower fixed rod is fixedly arranged at the first position in the lower sliding groove.

3. A modular intelligent greenhouse device capable of demonstrating the principle of tidal irrigation according to claim 2, characterized in that, The linkage planting module includes an upper planting frame and a lower planting frame. The upper planting frame is mounted on two upper sliding rods and is slidably connected to an upper fixed rod. The lower planting frame is mounted on two lower sliding rods and is slidably connected to a lower fixed rod. An upper connecting bracket is provided between the upper planting frames and is slidably connected to a supporting horizontal plate. Upper auxiliary branches are provided on two support frames located in the middle of the fixed frame and are connected to the upper connecting bracket. A lower connecting bracket is provided between the lower planting frames and is slidably connected to a supporting horizontal plate. Lower auxiliary branches are provided on two support frames located in the middle of the fixed frame and are connected to the lower connecting bracket. The upper and lower auxiliary branches have the same structure.

4. A modular intelligent greenhouse device capable of demonstrating the principle of tidal irrigation according to claim 3, characterized in that, The upper auxiliary support chain includes an auxiliary groove formed on the support frame, a mounting base is slidably disposed in the auxiliary groove, and an auxiliary telescopic rod is disposed between the mounting base and the upper connecting bracket through a pin.

5. A modular intelligent greenhouse device capable of demonstrating the principle of tidal irrigation according to claim 4, characterized in that, The drive mechanism includes a bidirectional motor mounted on a fixed frame. The bidirectional motor is electrically connected to an intelligent control mechanism. Rotating rods are symmetrically arranged on the output shaft of the bidirectional motor via a coupling. The rotating rods are mounted on a fixed seat via bearings. The fixed seat is mounted on a support frame. A lead screw is mounted between the inner walls of the support frame via bearings. A driven bevel gear is mounted on the end of the lead screw near the fixed seat. A driving bevel gear is mounted on the rotating rod. The driving bevel gear meshes with the driven bevel gear. A movable base is connected to the lower sliding rod. The movable base is provided with a thread that mates with the lead screw. The movable base is connected to the lead screw.

6. A modular intelligent greenhouse device capable of demonstrating the principle of tidal irrigation according to claim 5, characterized in that, The adjustable shading mechanism includes mounting frames symmetrically arranged on the roof frame of the glass sunroom. A winding shaft is mounted on the mounting frames via bearings. Evenly spaced partitions with passage slots are provided on the mounting frames. A shading cloth is wound on the winding shaft. A connecting rod is slidably mounted on the mounting frames, with the end of the shading cloth away from the winding shaft positioned on the connecting rod. Both the shading cloth and the connecting rod slide through the passage slots. Reset slots are symmetrically provided on the mounting frames, and elastic ropes are installed within these slots, connected to the connecting rods. An installation platform is provided on the glass sunroom, and a winding motor is mounted on the platform via a motor mount. The output shaft of the winding motor is connected to the winding shaft via a coupling. The winding motor is electrically connected to an intelligent control mechanism.

7. A modular intelligent greenhouse device capable of demonstrating the principle of tidal irrigation according to claim 6, characterized in that, Water pipes are connected to the fixed planting frame, upper planting frame, and lower planting frame. Flow sensors are installed on the water pipes to monitor irrigation water volume. A water pump is installed on the fixed frame and electrically connected to the intelligent control mechanism. A connecting pipe is connected to the water pump. A liquid storage tank is installed on the fixed frame. The liquid storage tank has a filling port at the top and a drain valve at the bottom. A liquid level sensor is installed inside the liquid storage tank. The water pipes on the fixed planting frame, upper planting frame, and lower planting frame are all connected to the connecting pipe via flexible hoses. A solenoid valve is installed on the connecting pipe. Planting boards are installed inside the fixed planting frame, upper planting frame, and lower planting frame. Drainage holes are opened on the planting boards. A water collection layer is located below the planting boards. The water collection layer is connected to the liquid storage tank through a return pipe, forming a tidal irrigation water circulation system.

8. A modular intelligent greenhouse device capable of demonstrating the principle of tidal irrigation according to claim 7, characterized in that, The intelligent control mechanism includes a PLC controller, an environmental sensor group, and a touch screen. The PLC controller is electrically connected to the level sensors of the winding motor, bidirectional motor, water pump, solenoid valve, and storage tank, as well as the environmental sensor group. The environmental sensor group includes a substrate humidity sensor installed in the fixed planting frame, upper planting frame, and lower planting frame, and a light intensity sensor installed on the planting frame. The substrate humidity sensor is used to monitor the humidity and light intensity of the planting substrate, and the light intensity sensor is used to monitor the light intensity inside the glass sunroom.

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