Pig feed based on various biomasses and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a pig feed based on various biomasses and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of animal feeds, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: 1, mixing a local adaptive fermentation liquid and a high-activity commercial strain basic liquid according to a volume ratio of 1: 1-1: 2, and activating to obtain a composite fermentation yeast agent; 2, weighing the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 30-35% of modified mulberry twig microsphere powder, 20-25% of corn straw powder, 15-20% of banana tree stem powder, 15-20% of sweet potato vine powder and the balance of rice bran, fully stirring and uniformly mixing the raw materials, adding a compound fermentation yeast agent to control the water content of the final material to be 55-65%, inoculating, performing anaerobic fermentation, and performing fermentation for 2-3 days to obtain the fermented yeast. The fermented feed is obtained; and 3, finally, mixing the fermented feed with the complete concentrated feed to obtain the pig feed based on the various biomasses. In this way, the quality of the pig feed can be effectively improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of animal feed, in particular to a pig feed based on multiple types of biomass and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the increasing scale of the breeding industry and the increasingly prominent problem of food security, developing unconventional feed resources to reduce dependence on traditional grains such as corn and soybean meal has become an important research direction in the industry. The climate in southern China is mild and humid, and the yield of mulberry, banana, potatoes and various fruits is abundant, generating a large amount of agricultural by-products such as mulberry branches, banana stems and fruit residues every year. These biomass resources are usually discarded or burned at low value, not only causing resource waste, but also causing environmental pressure.

[0003] The prior art has made many improvements to pig feed, for example, Chinese patent CN119924420B discloses a pig feed based on fermented corn gluten meal and a preparation method thereof. The feed is made of the following components in parts by weight: corn 40-55 parts, soybean meal 15-30 parts, fermented corn gluten meal 10-25 parts, peanut meal 2-10 parts, rapeseed meal 2-10 parts, radix codonopsis extract 3-8 parts, salt 0.5-2 parts, baking soda 1-3 parts, and premix 3-8 parts. The above invention significantly improves the use effect of pig feed through multi-step biological treatment technology and scientific matching scheme, and can provide reliable support for green and healthy breeding.

[0004] However, there are still the following shortcomings in practical application:

[0005] 1. The pig feed process of the above invention is too complex, and the feasibility of breeding promotion is low;

[0006] 2. The above invention has deficiencies in the sustainability and regional adaptability of raw materials. The raw materials are still highly dependent on traditional farming and chemical industry. At the same time, radix codonopsis is a Chinese herbal medicine additive, which is expensive. Large-scale use of ordinary fattening pigs feed will have high economic cost.

[0007] Therefore, the present application designs a pig feed based on multiple types of biomass and a preparation method thereof to solve the above problems. SUMMARY

[0008] In view of the above shortcomings of the prior art, the present application provides a pig feed based on multiple types of biomass and a preparation method thereof.

[0009] To achieve the above purpose, the present application realizes the following technical scheme:

[0010] A pig feed based on multiple types of biomass, the raw materials of the pig feed based on multiple types of biomass include fermented feed and complete feed;

[0011] The raw materials of the fermented feed include: modified mulberry branch microsphere powder 30%-35%, corn straw powder 20%-25%, banana stem and stalk powder 15%-20%, sweet potato vine powder 15%-20%, and the rest is rice bran;

[0012] The raw materials of the fermented feed are fermented by the compound fermentation agent to obtain the fermented feed;

[0013] The compound fermentation agent comprises a local adaptive fermentation liquid and a high-activity commercial strain base liquid;

[0014] The preparation process of the local adaptive fermentation liquid is that the local adaptive fermentation liquid and the high-activity commercial strain base liquid are mixed at a volume ratio of 1:1-1:2 to obtain a mixed liquid, and the mixed liquid is activated to obtain the compound fermentation agent;

[0015] The local melon and fruit base material is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 20-30% high-sugar component, 30-40% high-acid high-fiber component, 10-20% high-enzyme component, and the rest is other components;

[0016] The high-sugar component is composed of overripe bananas and banana fragments, the high-acid high-fiber component is composed of citrus pomace, the high-enzyme component is composed of papaya and pineapple peel residues, and the other components are composed of pumpkin fragments and watermelon peels.

[0017] In order to better achieve the purpose of the present application, the present application further provides a preparation method of pig feed based on multiple types of biomass, comprising the following steps:

[0018] I. Preparation of compound fermentation agent

[0019] (1) Preparation of local adaptive fermentation liquid

[0020] The local melon and fruit base material is washed, cut into pieces, mixed with a carbon source and water, and sealed for anaerobic fermentation at 25-35 DEG C for 5-7 days to obtain the local adaptive fermentation liquid;

[0021] (2) Compound of compound fermentation agent

[0022] The local adaptive fermentation liquid and the high-activity commercial strain base liquid are mixed at a volume ratio of 1:1-1:2 to obtain a mixed liquid, and the mixed liquid is activated to obtain the compound fermentation agent;

[0023] II. Preparation of fermented feed

[0024] The raw materials are weighed according to the following percentage by weight: modified mulberry branch microsphere powder 30%-35%, corn straw powder 20%-25%, banana stem and stalk powder 15%-20%, sweet potato vine powder 15%-20%, and the rest is rice bran;

[0025] The above raw materials are mixed evenly, the composite fermentation agent is added to control the moisture content of the final material at 55%-65%, and anaerobic fermentation is carried out after inoculation to obtain the fermented feed;

[0026] III. Preparation of pig feed based on multiple types of biomass

[0027] The pig feed based on multiple types of biomass is prepared by mixing the fermented feed and the complete formula concentrate;

[0028] The local gourd and fruit base is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 20-30% high-sugar component, 30-40% high-acid high-fiber component, 10-20% high-enzyme component, and the balance of other components;

[0029] The high-sugar component is composed of overripe banana and plantain fragments, the high-acid high-fiber component is composed of citrus pomace, the high-enzyme component is composed of papaya and pineapple peel residue, and the other components are composed of pumpkin fragments and watermelon peel;

[0030] The carbon source is red sugar or molasses, and the addition amount is 5-10% of the total mass of the local gourd and fruit base;

[0031] The addition amount of water is 2-3 times the total mass of the local gourd and fruit base.

[0032] Further, the preparation process of the modified mulberry branch microsphere powder is as follows:

[0033] Take 100 parts of tender mulberry branches, crush them through a 40-80 mesh sieve to obtain mulberry branch powder, add the mulberry branch powder to 800-1200 parts of 0.5-2.0wt% sodium carbonate aqueous solution, heat and stir in a water bath at 60-80℃ for 45-90 minutes, after heating is completed, perform suction filtration and washing until the filtrate of the filter cake is neutral, then dry to constant weight to obtain pretreated mulberry branch powder;

[0034] Disperse the pretreated mulberry branch powder in a pH 4.5-5.5 acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer solution, add 0.1-0.2 parts of TEMPO and 5-8 parts of NaClO2, stir in a constant temperature water bath at 60-70℃ at a stirring speed of 120-180 rpm, the reaction time is 5-7 hours, 3-7 parts of zinc gluconate is added to the system 0.5-1.5 hours before the end of the reaction, 3-8% anhydrous ethanol by volume is added to the reaction system after the total reaction time, stir for 5-15 minutes to terminate the reaction, then centrifuge the reaction mixture and discard the supernatant, resuspend with deionized water after repeating 3-4 times, and spray dry to obtain the modified mulberry branch microsphere powder.

[0035] Further, in the preparation process of the composite fermentation agent, the high-activity commercial strain base liquid is prepared by the following steps:

[0036] The commercial bacterial agent powder is dissolved in 5-8% sucrose water, the mass of the sucrose water is 40-50 times of the mass of the commercial bacterial agent powder, after being dissolved, the solution is activated at 28-32℃ for 1-2 hours to obtain an activated solution, warm water with a temperature of 28-32℃ is added to the activated solution, so that the total weight of the system is 60-100 times of the initial mass of the used commercial bacterial agent powder, and then the system is aerated and cultured at 28-32℃ for 24-48 hours, thereby obtaining the high-activity commercial bacterial agent base solution.

[0037] Further, the weight ratio of over-ripe bananas and plantain pieces is 7:3-3:7, the weight ratio of papaya and pineapple peels is 7:3-3:7, and the weight ratio of pumpkin pieces and watermelon peels is 7:3-3:7.

[0038] The commercial bacterial agent powder is composed of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus subtilis, and the viable bacterial ratio of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus subtilis is 6:3:1.

[0039] Further, in the preparation process of the composite fermentation yeast agent, the activation process of the mixed solution is specifically as follows:

[0040] 0.4-0.6% urea is added to the mixed solution as a nitrogen source, and 4-6 times of 5-8% sucrose water is added to the total weight of the mixed solution, and then the mixed solution is activated at 28-32℃ for 8-12 hours, thereby obtaining the composite fermentation yeast agent.

[0041] Further, in the preparation process of the fermented feed, the fermentation parameters are specifically as follows:

[0042] The fermentation is carried out at a temperature of 25-35℃ for 7-12 days.

[0043] Further, in the preparation process of the pig feed based on multiple types of biomass, the pig feed based on multiple types of biomass is prepared by mixing 15-30 parts of the fermented feed with 70-80 parts of the full-price concentrate.

[0044] Further, in the preparation process of the pig feed based on multiple types of biomass, the full-price concentrate is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 62-64 parts of corn stalks, 16-18 parts of soybean meal, 3-4 parts of bran, 0.8-1.2 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.8-1.2 parts of calcium carbonate, 0.2-0.3 parts of salt, 0.1-0.2 parts of lysine, 0.02-0.05 parts of methionine, and additionally, 1% of a special composite premix for fattening pigs is added to the total mass of the raw materials, and then the mixture is uniformly mixed to obtain the pig feed based on multiple types of biomass.

[0045] In order to better achieve the purpose of the present application, the present application further provides a pig feed based on multiple types of biomass.

[0046] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the beneficial effects that: 1. The cost of the feed is low, the main raw materials are agricultural wastes or by-products, the sources are wide and the cost is very low, and the local adaptability of the fermentation liquid is prepared by using the local surplus agricultural by-products, which is beneficial to fully exert the local resource advantage;

[0047] 2. The compound of the commercial bacterial agent and the local adaptability of the fermentation liquid is added to the standard main feed together with the modified mulberry branch microsphere powder and other raw materials, which can effectively improve the quality of the pig feed and various indexes (growth efficiency of pig, intestinal health, carcass quality and appearance health) in pig breeding. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] To make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in combination with the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0049] Embodiment 1: A preparation method of pig feed based on multiple types of biomass, comprising the following steps:

[0050] I. Preparation of compound fermentation agent

[0051] (1) Preparation of local adaptability of fermentation liquid

[0052] The following raw materials are weighed according to the weight percentage: 20% high-sugar component, 40% high-acid high-fiber component, 10% high-enzyme component, and the rest is other components.

[0053] The high-sugar component is composed of overripe bananas and mashed plantains, and the mass ratio of overripe bananas and mashed plantains is 7:3. The high-acid high-fiber component is composed of citrus pomace. The high-enzyme component is composed of papaya and pineapple peel residue, and the mass ratio of papaya and pineapple peel residue is 7:3. The other components are composed of pumpkin pieces and watermelon peel, and the mass ratio of pumpkin pieces and watermelon peel is 7:3.

[0054] The local melon and fruit base is washed, chopped, mixed with carbon source and water, and loaded into a sealable container to ensure that the material is completely immersed.

[0055] The carbon source is brown sugar, and the addition amount is 5% of the total mass of the local melon and fruit base.

[0056] The water is pure tap water, and the addition amount is 2 times the total mass of the local melon and fruit base.

[0057] The local adaptability fermentation liquor is obtained by filtering the clear liquid when the anaerobic fermentation is carried out at 25℃ for 7 days, and the rich and mellow acetic acid aroma is generated and the pH is reduced to below 4.0, and the local adaptability fermentation liquor is stored in the refrigerator for standby.

[0058] (2) Expansion of the commercial strain base liquor

[0059] The commercial microbial agent powder is composed of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae powder, the Lactobacillus plantarum powder and the Bacillus subtilis powder, and the ratio of the viable cell number of the three is 6:3:1.

[0060] The commercial microbial agent powder is dissolved in 5% red sugar water, and the mass of the red sugar water is 50 times that of the commercial microbial agent powder, and after the dissolution, the activation is carried out at 28℃ for 2 hours to obtain the activated liquor, and the warm water with the temperature of 28℃ is supplemented to the activated liquor so that the total weight of the system is 100 times the initial mass of the used commercial microbial agent powder.

[0061] The solution is aerobically cultured at 28℃ for 48 hours until the solution is turbid and has bubbles, and the high-activity commercial strain base liquor is obtained.

[0062] (3) Compounding of the compound fermentation agent

[0063] The local adaptability fermentation liquor and the high-activity commercial strain base liquor are mixed in a volume ratio of 1:1 to obtain a mixed liquor, 0.6% urea as a nitrogen source is added to the total weight of the mixed liquor, and 8% red sugar water is added to the total weight of the mixed liquor, and the mixed liquor is activated at 28℃ for 12 hours to obtain the compound fermentation agent.

[0064] II. Preparation of the fermented feed

[0065] (1) Preparation of the modified mulberry branch microsphere powder

[0066] 100 parts of tender mulberry branches are crushed through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain mulberry branch powder, and the mulberry branch powder is added into 1200 parts of 0.5wt% sodium carbonate aqueous solution, heated and stirred in a water bath at 80℃ for 45 minutes, and after the heating is completed, the filtration and washing are carried out until the filtrate of the filter cake is neutral, and then dried to constant weight to obtain the pretreated mulberry branch powder.

[0067] The pretreated mulberry branch powder is dispersed in the acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer with pH of 4.5, 0.2 parts of TEMPO and 5 parts of NaClO2 are added, and stirred at 120 rpm in a constant temperature water bath at 70℃, and the reaction time is 7 hours, 7 parts of zinc gluconate is added to the system 0.5 hours before the reaction is completed, 3% anhydrous ethanol is added to the reaction system after the total reaction time, and the stirring is carried out for 15 minutes to terminate the reaction, and then the reaction mixture is centrifuged to discard the supernatant, and after repeated 3 times, the deionized water is resuspended, and after the spray drying, the modified mulberry branch microsphere powder is obtained.

[0068] (2) Weigh the raw materials according to the following weight percentages: modified mulberry branch microsphere powder: 35%, corn straw powder: 20%, banana tree stem fragments: 20%, sweet potato vine powder: 15%, and the remainder is rice bran.

[0069] The above raw materials are thoroughly mixed to obtain standard main feed. Compound yeast is added to control the final material moisture content at 55%. After inoculation, anaerobic fermentation is carried out at 35℃ for 7 days. When the bag is opened, there is a strong sour or alcoholic aroma, without moldy or ammonia smell; the material is soft and yellowish-brown, which is the fermented feed.

[0070] III. Preparation of Pig Feed Based on Multiple Types of Biomass

[0071] This fermented feed needs to be fed in combination with complete concentrate. The pig feed based on multiple biomass is prepared by mixing 15 parts fermented feed with 80 parts complete concentrate.

[0072] The complete concentrate is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 62 parts corn stalks, 18 parts soybean meal, 3 parts wheat bran, 1.2 parts dicalcium phosphate, 0.8 parts calcium carbonate, 0.3 parts salt, 0.1 parts lysine, and 0.05 parts methionine. In addition, 1% of a commercially available compound premix for fattening pigs is added to the total mass of the raw materials. After mixing evenly, a pig feed based on multiple biomass is obtained.

[0073] The compound premix for fattening pigs uses commercially available compound premixes that meet the standards of GB / T 5915-2020 "Compound Feed for Piglets and Growing-Finishing Pigs", and the guaranteed values ​​of its core nutrients are not lower than those shown in Table 1.

[0074] Table 1 Guaranteed Values ​​of Core Nutrient Components in Compound Premixes

[0075]

[0076] Example 2: A method for preparing pig feed based on multiple types of biomass, comprising the following steps:

[0077] I. Preparation of Compound Yeast Starter

[0078] (1) Preparation of locally adapted fermentation broth

[0079] Weigh the following raw materials by weight percentage: 30% high sugar component, 30% high acid and high fiber component, 20% high enzyme component, and the remainder is other components.

[0080] The high-sugar component consists of overripe bananas and plantain pieces in a mass ratio of 3:7. The high-acid, high-fiber component consists of citrus fruit pomace. The high-enzyme component consists of papaya and pineapple peel pomace in a mass ratio of 3:7. The other components consist of pumpkin pieces and watermelon rind in a mass ratio of 3:7.

[0081] Wash and chop the local fruits and vegetables, mix them with carbon source and water, and put them into a sealable container to ensure that the materials are completely submerged.

[0082] Molasses is used as the carbon source, and the amount added is 10% of the total mass of local melon and fruit substrate.

[0083] The water used is pure tap water, and the amount added is three times the total mass of the local melon and fruit substrate.

[0084] At 35°C, the mixture is sealed and anaerobic fermented for 5 days. When a rich alcoholic and acidic aroma is produced and the pH drops below 4.0, the clear liquid is filtered to obtain the locally adapted fermentation liquid, which is then refrigerated for later use.

[0085] (2) Propagation of commercial strain base solution

[0086] The commercial microbial agent powder consists of brewer's yeast powder, lactobacillus plantarum powder, and Bacillus subtilis powder, with a live cell ratio of 6:3:1 among the three.

[0087] The commercial microbial agent powder was dissolved in 8% brown sugar water, with the mass of the brown sugar water being 40 times the mass of the commercial microbial agent powder. After dissolution, it was activated at 32°C for 1 hour to obtain an activated solution. Warm water at 32°C was added to the activated solution so that the total weight of the system was 60 times the initial mass of the commercial microbial agent powder used.

[0088] Incubate at 32°C with aeration for 24 hours until the solution becomes turbid and contains bubbles; this yields the base solution of highly active commercial bacterial strains.

[0089] (3) Compound preparation of compound yeast starter

[0090] The locally adapted fermentation broth was mixed with the high-activity commercial strain base liquid at a volume ratio of 1:2 to obtain a mixture. Urea was added as a nitrogen source at 0.4% of the total weight of the mixture, and 5% brown sugar water at 6 times the total weight of the mixture was added. The mixture was then activated at 32°C for 8 hours to obtain a compound yeast agent.

[0091] II. Preparation of Fermented Feed

[0092] (1) Preparation of modified mulberry twig microsphere powder

[0093] Take 100 parts of tender mulberry branches, crush them through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain mulberry branch powder, add the mulberry branch powder to 800 parts of 2.0wt% sodium carbonate aqueous solution, heat and stir in a water bath at 60℃ for 90 minutes, after heating, filter and wash until the filtrate of the filter cake is neutral, and then dry to constant weight to obtain pretreated mulberry branch powder.

[0094] Pretreated mulberry twig powder was dispersed in an acetate-sodium acetate buffer solution at pH 5.5. 0.1 parts TEMPO and 8 parts NaClO2 were added, and the mixture was stirred at 180 rpm in a constant temperature water bath at 60℃ for 5 hours. 1.5 hours before the end of the reaction, 3 parts zinc gluconate were added to the system. After the total reaction time was reached, 8% anhydrous ethanol was added to the reaction system, and the mixture was stirred for 5 minutes to terminate the reaction. The reaction mixture was then centrifuged and the supernatant was discarded. This process was repeated 4 times, and the mixture was resuspended in deionized water and spray-dried to obtain modified mulberry twig microsphere powder.

[0095] (2) Weigh the raw materials according to the following weight percentages: modified mulberry branch microsphere powder: 30%, corn straw powder: 25%, banana tree stem fragments: 15%, sweet potato vine powder: 20%, and the remainder is rice bran.

[0096] The above raw materials are thoroughly mixed to obtain standard main feed. Compound yeast is added to control the final material moisture content at 65%. After inoculation, anaerobic fermentation is carried out at 25°C for 12 days. When the bag is opened, there is a strong sour or alcoholic aroma, without moldy or ammonia smell; the material is soft and yellowish-brown, which is the fermented feed.

[0097] III. Preparation of Pig Feed Based on Multiple Types of Biomass

[0098] This fermented feed needs to be fed in combination with complete concentrate. The pig feed based on multiple biomass is prepared by mixing 30 parts fermented feed with 70 parts complete concentrate.

[0099] The complete concentrate is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 64 parts corn stalks, 16 parts soybean meal, 4 parts wheat bran, 0.8 parts dicalcium phosphate, 1.2 parts calcium carbonate, 0.2 parts salt, 0.2 parts lysine, and 0.02 parts methionine. In addition, 1% of a commercially available compound premix for fattening pigs is added to the total mass of the raw materials. After mixing evenly, a pig feed based on multiple biomass is obtained.

[0100] Example 3: A method for preparing pig feed based on multiple types of biomass, comprising the following steps:

[0101] I. Preparation of Compound Yeast Starter

[0102] (1) Preparation of locally adapted fermentation broth

[0103] Weigh the following raw materials by weight percentage: 25% high sugar component, 35% high acid and high fiber component, 15% high enzyme component, and the remainder is other components.

[0104] The high-sugar component consists of overripe bananas and plantain pieces in a 1:1 mass ratio. The high-acid, high-fiber component consists of citrus fruit pomace. The high-enzyme component consists of papaya and pineapple peel pomace in a 1:1 mass ratio. The other components consist of pumpkin pieces and watermelon rind in a 1:1 mass ratio.

[0105] Wash and chop the local fruits and vegetables, mix them with carbon source and water, and put them into a sealable container to ensure that the materials are completely submerged.

[0106] The carbon source is brown sugar, which is added at 8% of the total mass of the local melon and fruit substrate.

[0107] The water used is pure tap water, and the amount added is 2.5 times the total mass of the local melon and fruit substrate.

[0108] At 30℃, the mixture is sealed and anaerobic fermented for 6 days. When a rich alcoholic and acidic aroma is produced and the pH drops below 4.0, the clear liquid is filtered to obtain the locally adapted fermentation liquid, which is then refrigerated for later use.

[0109] (2) Propagation of commercial strain base solution

[0110] The commercial microbial agent powder consists of brewer's yeast powder, lactobacillus plantarum powder, and Bacillus subtilis powder, with a live cell ratio of 6:3:1 among the three.

[0111] The commercial microbial agent powder was dissolved in 6.5% brown sugar water, with the mass of the brown sugar water being 45 times the mass of the commercial microbial agent powder. After dissolution, it was activated at 30°C for 1.5 hours to obtain an activated solution. Warm water at 30°C was added to the activated solution so that the total weight of the system was 80 times the initial mass of the commercial microbial agent powder used.

[0112] Incubate at 30°C with aeration for 32 hours until the solution becomes turbid and contains bubbles; this yields the base solution of highly active commercial bacterial strains.

[0113] (3) Compound preparation of compound yeast starter

[0114] The locally adapted fermentation broth and the high-activity commercial strain base liquid were mixed at a volume ratio of 1.0:1.5 to obtain a mixture. 0.5% of the total weight of the mixture was added as a nitrogen source, and 5 times the total weight of the mixture was added as 6.5% brown sugar water. The mixture was then activated at 30°C for 10 hours to obtain a compound yeast agent.

[0115] II. Preparation of Fermented Feed

[0116] (1) Preparation of modified mulberry twig microsphere powder

[0117] Take 100 parts of tender mulberry branches, crush them through a 60-mesh sieve to obtain mulberry branch powder, add the mulberry branch powder to 1000 parts of 1wt% sodium carbonate aqueous solution, heat and stir in a 70℃ water bath for 60 minutes, after heating, filter and wash until the filtrate of the filter cake is neutral, and then dry to constant weight to obtain pretreated mulberry branch powder.

[0118] Pretreated mulberry twig powder was dispersed in an acetate-sodium acetate buffer solution at pH 5.0. 0.16 parts TEMPO and 6.5 parts NaClO2 were added, and the mixture was stirred at 150 rpm in a constant temperature water bath at 65℃ for 6 hours. One hour before the end of the reaction, 5 parts zinc gluconate were added to the system. After the total reaction time was reached, 5% anhydrous ethanol was added to the reaction system, and the mixture was stirred for 10 minutes to terminate the reaction. The reaction mixture was then centrifuged and the supernatant was discarded. This process was repeated 4 times, and the mixture was resuspended in deionized water and spray-dried to obtain modified mulberry twig microsphere powder.

[0119] (2) Weigh the raw materials according to the following weight percentages: modified mulberry branch microsphere powder: 32%, corn straw powder: 23%, banana tree stem fragments: 18%, sweet potato vine powder: 17%, and the remainder is rice bran.

[0120] The above raw materials are thoroughly mixed to obtain standard main feed. Compound yeast is added to control the final material moisture content at 60%. After inoculation, anaerobic fermentation is carried out at 30°C for 10 days. When the bag is opened, there is a strong sour or alcoholic aroma, without moldy or ammonia smell; the material is soft and yellowish-brown, which is the fermented feed.

[0121] III. Preparation of Pig Feed Based on Multiple Types of Biomass

[0122] This fermented feed needs to be fed in combination with complete concentrate. The pig feed based on multiple biomass is prepared by mixing 25 parts fermented feed with 75 parts complete concentrate.

[0123] The complete concentrate is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 63 parts corn stalks, 17 parts soybean meal, 3.5 parts wheat bran, 1 part dicalcium phosphate, 1 part calcium carbonate, 0.25 parts salt, 0.15 parts lysine, 0.035 parts methionine, and 1% of a commercially available compound premix for fattening pigs is added to the total raw materials. After mixing evenly, a pig feed based on multiple biomass is obtained.

[0124] Comparative Example 1: Compared with Example 3, only a high-activity commercial microbial culture base liquid was used to ferment the standard main feed.

[0125] In the compounding process of compound yeast starter, no locally adapted fermentation broth is used; only a highly active commercial strain base liquid is used as the sole yeast starter.

[0126] Add 0.5% of its total weight of urea as a nitrogen source, then add 5 times its total weight of 6.5% brown sugar water, and activate at 30°C for 10 hours to obtain a compound yeast starter. The remaining steps are the same as in Example 3.

[0127] Comparative Example 2: Compared with Example 3, the ratio of the local adaptive fermentation broth and the high-activity commercial strain base liquid was changed. The local adaptive fermentation broth and the high-activity commercial strain base liquid were mixed at a volume ratio of 2:1 to obtain a mixture. 0.5% of urea by weight of the mixture was added as a nitrogen source, and 6.5% brown sugar water with 5 times the weight of the mixture was added. The mixture was then activated at 30°C for 10 hours to obtain a compound yeast agent. The remaining steps were the same as in Example 3.

[0128] Comparative Example 3: Compared with Example 3, the modified mulberry twig microsphere powder in the standard staple feed was replaced with unmodified mulberry twig powder.

[0129] In the preparation of fermented feed, the raw materials were weighed according to the following weight percentages: tender mulberry branches (crushed to 2.5mm): 32%, corn stalk powder: 23%, banana tree stem fragments: 18%, sweet potato vine powder: 17%, and the remainder was rice bran. The remaining steps were the same as in Example 3.

[0130] Comparative Example 4: Directly purchase complete compound pelleted feed for fattening pigs produced by mainstream feed companies that meet the GB / T 5915-2020 standard as a replacement for pig feed based on multiple types of biomass.

[0131] Experimental example: Pigs were raised using the feeds prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4. The comparison of the breeding effects is shown in Tables 2 and 3.

[0132] Table 2 Comparison of the effects of different pig feeds

[0133]

[0134] Table 3 Comparison of the appearance of pork from pigs raised on different feeds

[0135]

[0136] As shown in Examples 1-3, when pigs are raised using the multi-biomass-based pig feed prepared according to this invention, with an initial weight of 25kg and a slaughter weight of 90kg, the slaughter time is 138-142 days. Furthermore, no abdominal distension or diarrhea occurs during the raising process, indicating that using this multi-biomass-based pig feed as animal feed results in a faster slaughter time, demonstrating rapid pig growth and good absorption. The backfat thickness is within 12.52-12.87mm, indicating thin backfat and good carcass quality. The pork has a rosy skin and glossy coat, indicating balanced feed nutrition, which is beneficial for improving the sensory evaluation of the pork during sale.

[0137] As can be seen from Comparative Example 1 and Example 3, if only a high-activity commercial microbial culture base liquid is used to ferment the standard main feed, the growth efficiency of pigs will decrease, the intestinal health risk of pigs during the breeding process will increase, the backfat thickness will increase significantly, the carcass quality will decrease, and the appearance quality of pork will decrease.

[0138] As can be seen from Comparative Example 2 and Example 3, if the ratio of locally adapted fermentation broth to highly active commercial strain base broth is changed, the growth efficiency of pigs decreases, while the intestinal health risks of pigs increase, backfat thickness increases, carcass quality decreases, and pork appearance quality decreases.

[0139] As can be seen from Comparative Example 3 and Example 3, if the modified mulberry twig microsphere powder in the standard staple feed is replaced with unmodified mulberry twig powder, the growth efficiency of pigs decreases, the intestinal health risk of pigs increases during the breeding process, the backfat thickness increases significantly, the carcass quality decreases, and the appearance quality of pork decreases.

[0140] As can be seen from Comparative Example 4 and Example 3, the pig feed based on multiple types of biomass prepared in this invention, when applied to pig farming, has higher growth performance, farming cost, pig health, pork carcass quality, and pork appearance quality than commercially available feeds.

[0141] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions will not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pig feed based on multiple types of biomass, characterized in that, The raw materials for pig feed based on multiple types of biomass include fermented feed and complete concentrate; The raw materials for fermented feed include: 30%-35% modified mulberry branch microsphere powder, 20%-25% corn stalk powder, 15%-20% banana tree stem fragments, 15%-20% sweet potato vine powder, and the remainder is rice bran; The raw materials of the fermented feed are fermented with a compound yeast agent to obtain fermented feed. The compound yeast starter consists of locally adapted fermentation broth and a base liquid of highly active commercial strains; The preparation process of the local adaptive fermentation broth is to mix the local adaptive fermentation broth with the high-activity commercial strain base liquid at a volume ratio of 1:1 to 1:2 to obtain a mixed solution. After the mixed solution is activated, a compound yeast agent is obtained. The local melon and fruit substrate is composed of the following raw materials by weight percentage: 20-30% high sugar component, 30-40% high acid and high fiber component, 10-20% high enzyme component, and the remainder is other components; The high-sugar component consists of overripe bananas and plantain pieces, the high-acid and high-fiber component consists of citrus fruit pulp, the high-enzyme component consists of papaya and pineapple peel pulp, and the other components consist of pumpkin pieces and watermelon rind.

2. A method for preparing pig feed based on multiple types of biomass according to claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: I. Preparation of Compound Yeast Starter (1) Preparation of locally adapted fermentation broth The local melon and fruit substrate is washed, chopped, mixed with carbon source and water, and sealed for anaerobic fermentation at 25-35℃ for 5-7 days to obtain the local adapted fermentation liquid. (2) Compound preparation of compound yeast starter The locally adapted fermentation broth and the high-activity commercial strain base liquid were mixed at a volume ratio of 1:1 to 1:2 to obtain a mixed solution. After activation, the mixed solution was used to obtain a compound yeast agent. II. Preparation of Fermented Feed Weigh the raw materials according to the following weight percentages: 30%-35% modified mulberry branch microsphere powder, 20%-25% corn stalk powder, 15%-20% banana tree stem fragments, 15%-20% sweet potato vine powder, and the remainder is rice bran; Mix the above raw materials thoroughly and evenly, add compound yeast to control the final material moisture content to 55%-65%, and carry out anaerobic fermentation after inoculation to obtain fermented feed. III. Preparation of Pig Feed Based on Multiple Types of Biomass Pig feed based on multiple types of biomass is prepared by mixing fermented feed with complete concentrate; The local melon and fruit substrate is composed of the following raw materials by weight percentage: 20-30% high sugar component, 30-40% high acid and high fiber component, 10-20% high enzyme component, and the remainder is other components; The high-sugar component consists of overripe bananas and banana pieces, the high-acid and high-fiber component consists of citrus fruit pulp, the high-enzyme component consists of papaya and pineapple peel pulp, and the other components consist of pumpkin pieces and watermelon rind. The carbon source is brown sugar or molasses, and the amount added is 5-10% of the total mass of local melon and fruit substrate. The amount of water added should be 2-3 times the total mass of the local melon and fruit substrate.

3. The method for preparing pig feed based on multiple types of biomass according to claim 2, characterized in that, The preparation process of modified mulberry twig microsphere powder is as follows: Take 100 parts of tender mulberry branches, crush them and pass them through a 40-80 mesh sieve to obtain mulberry branch powder. Add the mulberry branch powder to 800-1200 parts of 0.5-2.0wt% sodium carbonate aqueous solution, heat and stir in a water bath at 60-80℃ for 45-90 minutes. After heating, filter and wash until the filtrate of the filter cake is neutral. Then dry to constant weight to obtain pretreated mulberry branch powder. Pretreated mulberry twig powder was dispersed in an acetate-sodium acetate buffer solution with a pH of 4.5-5.

5. 0.1-0.2 parts of TEMPO and 5-8 parts of NaClO2 were added. The mixture was stirred at 120-180 rpm in a constant temperature water bath at 60-70℃ for 5-7 hours. 0.5-1.5 hours before the end of the reaction, 3-7 parts of zinc gluconate were added to the system. After the total reaction time was reached, 3-8% of the volume of anhydrous ethanol was added to the reaction system. The mixture was stirred for 5-15 minutes to terminate the reaction. The reaction mixture was then centrifuged and the supernatant was discarded. The reaction was repeated 3-4 times and then resuspended in deionized water. After spray drying, the modified mulberry twig microsphere powder was obtained.

4. The method for preparing pig feed based on multiple types of biomass according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the preparation of compound yeast starter, the high-activity commercial strain base solution is prepared by the following steps: Dissolve the commercial microbial agent powder in 5-8% brown sugar water, with the mass of the brown sugar water being 40-50 times the mass of the commercial microbial agent powder. After dissolution, activate the solution at 28-32℃ for 1-2 hours to obtain an activated solution. Add warm water at 28-32℃ to the activated solution so that the total weight of the system is 60-100 times the initial mass of the commercial microbial agent powder used. Incubate the solution at 28-32℃ with aeration for 24-48 hours to obtain a high-activity commercial microbial culture base solution.

5. The method for preparing pig feed based on multiple types of biomass according to claim 2, characterized in that: The weight ratio of overripe bananas to chopped plantains is 7:3-3:7; the weight ratio of papaya to pineapple peel is 7:3-3:7; and the weight ratio of chopped pumpkin to watermelon rind is 7:3-3:

7. The commercial microbial powder is composed of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Bacillus subtilis, with a live bacteria ratio of 6:3:

1.

6. The method for preparing pig feed based on multiple types of biomass according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the preparation of the compound yeast starter, the activation process of the mixture is as follows: Add 0.4-0.6% urea as a nitrogen source to the total weight of the mixture, and add 4-6 times the weight of 5-8% brown sugar water. Activate the mixture at 28-32℃ for 8-12 hours to obtain a compound yeast starter.

7. The method for preparing pig feed based on multiple types of biomass according to claim 2, characterized in that, The specific fermentation parameters during the preparation of fermented feed are as follows: Ferment at 25-35℃ for 7-12 days.

8. The method for preparing pig feed based on multiple types of biomass according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the preparation of multi-biomass-based pig feed, the multi-biomass-based pig feed is prepared by mixing 15-30 parts of fermented feed with 70-80 parts of complete concentrate.

9. The pig feed based on multiple types of biomass and its preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the preparation of pig feed based on multiple biomass, the complete concentrate is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 62-64 parts corn stalks, 16-18 parts soybean meal, 3-4 parts wheat bran, 0.8-1.2 parts dicalcium phosphate, 0.8-1.2 parts calcium carbonate, 0.2-0.3 parts salt, 0.1-0.2 parts lysine, and 0.02-0.05 parts methionine. In addition, 1% of the total mass of raw materials is added as a compound premix for fattening pigs. After mixing evenly, the pig feed based on multiple biomass is obtained.

10. A pig feed based on multiple biomass prepared by a method for preparing pig feed based on multiple biomass according to any one of claims 2-9.

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