Universal tool clamp of numerical control lathe and assembling method

Abstract

The invention discloses a universal tool clamp of a numerical control lathe and an assembling method, and belongs to the technical field of tool clamps. The universal tool clamp of the numerical control lathe comprises a body, a plurality of positioning pieces for radially positioning workpieces are arranged at one end of the body in a circumferential array mode, the positioning pieces are connected with the body in a sliding mode, and the positioning pieces slide along a straight line passing through the center of the body. A plurality of pressing pieces for axially pressing workpieces are arranged at one end of the body in a circumferential array manner. The positioning pieces and the pressing pieces are distributed in a staggered mode and evenly distributed on the body. By the adoption of the universal tool clamp of the numerical control lathe and the assembling method, the problems that an existing tool clamp is poor in universality, and a thin-wall circular ring workpiece is prone to deformation can be solved; the device has the advantages of simple structure and convenience in use.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of tooling fixture, in particular to a universal tooling fixture for a numerical control lathe and an assembling method. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the field of mechanical processing, circular ring workpieces (such as bearing rings, flange plates, sealing rings, etc.) are a common basic part. Numerical control lathes are key equipment for completing the finishing machining of features such as inner and outer circles, end faces, and grooves of such workpieces. The workpieces must be reliably positioned and clamped by tooling fixtures before machining, and the rationality of the clamping scheme directly determines the machining precision, efficiency, and production cost.

[0003] The existing clamping technology has many defects: Special fixture: designed and manufactured for a specific size of circular ring workpiece. Although such fixtures have high positioning accuracy and good rigidity, they have a long design and manufacturing cycle and high cost. Once the product model changes or the workpiece size changes slightly, the original fixture is scrapped and needs to be re-manufactured, which cannot meet the flexible production needs of multiple varieties and small batches. This leads to an accumulation of fixture inventory in enterprises, increases management costs, and seriously restricts the rapid response capability of the production line.

[0004] Universal three-jaw chuck with support inner hole or clamp outer circle method: this is the most common method of use. However, this method has significant drawbacks: the clamping force of the three-jaw chuck is concentrated in three points, which can easily cause clamping deformation for circular ring workpieces with thin walls. This deformation is difficult to detect in the clamped state, but after machining and releasing the fixture, the workpiece will rebound, causing size out-of-tolerance and uncontrolled form and position tolerances (such as roundness), which seriously affect product quality; although the three-jaw chuck has a certain self-centering ability, its clamping diameter range is limited by the chuck specifications, and for workpieces with a significant difference from the rated size of the chuck, the chuck or chuck jaw needs to be replaced, which is tedious and inefficient; when machining some special circular ring structures (such as workpieces with inner steps or flanges), the chuck jaw or chuck body is likely to interfere with the workpiece or tool, limiting the feasibility of the machining process.

[0005] In summary, the tooling fixtures in the prior art generally face the contradiction between "specialization and flexibility", "high precision and deformation prevention", "high efficiency and low cost" when used for turning circular ring workpieces. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new type of universal tooling fixture that can overcome the above-mentioned defects and achieve rapid, accurate, and non-damaging clamping of a series of circular ring workpieces of different sizes to meet the urgent needs of modern manufacturing for flexible, efficient, and low-cost production. SUMMARY

[0006] The utility model aims at providing a general tool fixture of a numerical control lathe and an assembling method, solves the problem of poor universality of the existing tool fixture and easy deformation of a thin-wall circular ring workpiece.

[0007] In order to realize the above-mentioned purpose, the utility model provides a general tool fixture of a numerical control lathe, which comprises a body, a plurality of positioning pieces for radially positioning a workpiece are arranged in a circumferential array at one end of the body, the positioning pieces are in sliding connection with the body, the positioning pieces slide along a straight line passing through the center of the body, and a plurality of compression pieces for axially compressing the workpiece are arranged in a circumferential array at one end of the body.

[0008] Preferably, the positioning pieces and the compression pieces are arranged in an interlaced manner, and the positioning pieces and the compression pieces are uniformly distributed on the body.

[0009] Preferably, the body is provided with mounting grooves corresponding to the positioning pieces, the positioning pieces are located in the mounting grooves, connecting holes are arranged in the mounting grooves, long-strip-shaped adjusting holes are arranged on the positioning pieces, and bolts pass through the adjusting holes and the connecting holes to lock and connect the positioning pieces and the body.

[0010] Preferably, the mounting grooves are provided with sliding grooves, the extension lines of the sliding grooves pass through the central axis of the body, sliding blocks adapted to the sliding grooves are arranged on the positioning pieces, and the sliding blocks are located in the sliding grooves and are in sliding connection with the sliding grooves.

[0011] Preferably, the end of the positioning piece in contact with the workpiece is provided with an arc-shaped positioning head, and the surface of the positioning piece is provided with a scale.

[0012] Preferably, the compression piece is provided with a through hole, the body is provided with a fixing hole, the fixing hole is a threaded hole, and a bolt passes through the through hole and the fixing hole to connect the compression piece and the body.

[0013] Preferably, the body is provided with a mounting hole, an adjusting column for supporting the end of the compression piece away from the workpiece is arranged in the inside of the mounting hole, the adjusting column is in threaded connection with the mounting hole, the compression piece is provided with a limiting groove for limiting the adjusting column, and the end of the adjusting column is located in the limiting groove.

[0014] Preferably, the end of the compression piece close to the workpiece is provided with an inwardly bent folding edge, the end face of the folding edge in contact with the workpiece is provided with a gasket for protecting the workpiece, and the gasket is a copper sheet.

[0015] Preferably, the end of the body provided with the positioning piece is centrally provided with a positioning groove for positioning the workpiece, the other end of the body is provided with a connecting seat, and the body is fixed on the main shaft of the lathe through the connecting seat.

[0016] The assembling method of the general tool fixture of the numerical control lathe comprises the following steps: S1, the body is fixed on the lathe main shaft through the connecting seat, the positioning piece is placed in the mounting groove of the body, the sliding block on the positioning piece is inserted into the sliding groove, the positioning piece is slid in the mounting groove according to the scale on the positioning piece according to the outer diameter of the workpiece to be clamped, so that the positioning head of the end head of the positioning piece is equal to the outer diameter of the workpiece, and the bolt is locked with the body through the adjusting hole and the connecting hole.

[0017] S2, the workpiece is placed in the positioning groove, the edge of the workpiece is in contact with the positioning head, the position of the workpiece and the position of the positioning piece are adjusted, the workpiece is fixed by the positioning head in the radial direction, and the bolt is tightened to fix the positioning piece and the body.

[0018] S3, the pressing piece is placed on the adjusting column, the end head of the adjusting column is clamped in the limiting groove of the pressing piece, the height of the adjusting column is adjusted so that the end of the pressing piece provided with the gasket is pressed on the surface of the workpiece, the stud passes through the through hole and the fixing hole of the pressing piece, and the stud is alternately and uniformly tightened, so that the pressing piece is fixed on the body and the workpiece is axially pressed and positioned, and the clamping and positioning of the workpiece are completed.

[0019] S4, after the workpiece is processed, the stud is loosened first, the pressing plate is detached from the body, and then the workpiece is removed.

[0020] The advantages and positive effects of the universal tool clamp and assembly method of the numerical control lathe are that the positioning piece and the pressing piece are uniformly and staggered arranged on the body, the side wall of the workpiece is positioned in the radial direction, and the workpiece is axially pressed, which is beneficial to improve the stability of the workpiece fixing, and can reduce the clamping deformation of the workpiece, meet the processing needs of the thin-walled disc workpiece, and improve the processing precision. The positioning piece slides in the mounting groove of the body, and the workpiece is positioned by the positioning head, which can meet the positioning requirements of workpieces of different diameters, and has good universality. The tool clamp structure is simple and convenient to use.

[0021] The technical scheme of the application will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 The structure of the embodiment of the application is shown in the figure; Figure 2 The body structure of the embodiment of the application is shown in the figure; Figure 3 The cross-sectional structure of the positioning piece of the embodiment of the application is shown in the figure; Figure 4 The cross-sectional structure of the positioning piece of the embodiment of the application is shown in the figure; Figure 5 The cross-sectional structure of the positioning piece of the embodiment of the application is shown in the figure; Figure 6This is a partial enlarged view of the cross-section of the clamping component in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the positioning component structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a side view of the positioning component according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure Labels 1. Body; 2. Positioning groove; 3. Connecting seat; 4. Positioning component; 5. Clamping component; 6. Mounting groove; 7. Slide groove; 8. Connecting hole; 9. Fixing hole; 10. Mounting hole; 11. Adjusting hole; 12. Stud; 13. Adjusting column; 14. Limiting groove; 15. Washer; 16. Positioning head; 17. Slider; 18. Workpiece. Detailed Implementation

[0024] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product is in use. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. In the description of this invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," and "connect" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0025] In this application, unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. In case of any inconsistency, the meaning set forth in this specification or derived from the content described herein shall prevail. Furthermore, the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing embodiments of this application only and is not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0026] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0027] like Figures 1-8As shown, a universal tooling fixture for a CNC lathe includes a body 1, which is a disc-shaped structure made of 45# steel through tempering treatment, possessing sufficient strength and rigidity. At one end of the body 1, several locating elements 4 are arranged in a circumferential array to radially position a workpiece 18. The locating elements 4 are slidably connected to the body 1 and slide along a straight line passing through the center of the body 1. By sliding the locating elements 4, the size of the circle formed by the ends of the locating elements 4 can be adjusted, thereby positioning workpieces 18 of different diameters and improving versatility. At one end of the body 1, several clamping elements 5 are arranged in a circumferential array to axially press the workpiece 18. The clamping elements 5 press the end face of the workpiece 18, thereby pressing the workpiece 18 onto the body 1 and improving the stability of the workpiece 18. The clamping of the workpiece 18 is achieved through the combined action of the locating elements 4 and the clamping elements 5, which can prevent deformation of the workpiece 18 due to excessive pressure. This is suitable for clamping and fixing thin-walled disc workpieces 18, improving machining accuracy.

[0028] Positioning elements 4 and clamping elements 5 are evenly distributed on the body 1, and are staggered. In this embodiment, there are 4 positioning elements 4 and 4 clamping elements 5, and the included angle between the positioning elements 4 and the clamping elements 5 is 45°. The positioning elements 4 are made of T8 tool steel that has been quenched, and the clamping elements 5 are made of No. 45 steel.

[0029] The main body 1 has mounting slots 6 corresponding to the positioning elements 4, and the mounting slots 6 are milled slots. The positioning elements 4 are located in the mounting slots 6 and slide within them. A connecting hole 8 is provided in the mounting slot 6, and an elongated adjusting hole 11 is provided on the positioning element 4. Bolts pass through the adjusting hole 11 and the connecting hole 8 to lock the positioning element 4 to the main body 1. The adjusting hole 11 allows adjustment of the position of the positioning element 4, thereby meeting the positioning needs of workpieces 18 with different diameters.

[0030] A sliding groove 7 is provided within the mounting slot 6, and the extension line of the sliding groove 7 passes through the central axis of the main body 1. A slider 17 adapted to the sliding groove 7 is fixedly mounted on the positioning component 4. The slider 17 is located within the sliding groove 7 and is slidably connected to the sliding groove 7. The sliding groove 7 guides the sliding of the positioning component 4, and the slider 17 has a racetrack-shaped structure. The width of the sliding groove 7 is slightly larger than the width of the slider 17, forming a clearance fit to ensure that the positioning component 4 moves radially along the sliding groove 7 with low resistance and no wobbling.

[0031] The end of the positioning component 4 that contacts the workpiece 18 is provided with an arc-shaped positioning head 16. The arc-shaped positioning head 16 makes smooth contact with the workpiece 18, avoiding scratches on the surface of the workpiece 18. The surface of the positioning component 4 is provided with a scale, which marks the diameter of the circle formed by the positioning head 16, so as to facilitate the adjustment of the position of the positioning component 4 according to workpieces 18 of different sizes.

[0032] The clamping member 5 has a through hole, and the body 1 has a fixing hole 9, which is a threaded hole. A bolt passes through the through hole and the fixing hole 9 to connect the clamping member 5 to the body 1. The body 1 has mounting holes 10, which correspond to the fixing holes 9 and to the clamping members 5. An adjusting column 13 is provided inside the mounting hole 10 to support the end of the clamping member 5 away from the workpiece 18. The adjusting column 13 is threadedly connected to the mounting hole 10. Rotating the adjusting column 13 adjusts its height, thereby adjusting the height of the clamping member 5 to meet the clamping requirements of workpieces 18 of different heights. The adjusting column 13 helps improve the stability of the clamping member 5 clamping the workpiece 18. The clamping member 5 has a limiting groove 14 to limit the adjustment column 13, with one end of the adjusting column 13 located within the limiting groove 14. The width of the limiting groove 14 is slightly larger than the diameter of the adjusting column 13, facilitating the insertion of the adjusting column 13 into the limiting groove 14. The setting of the limiting groove 14 improves the stability of the adjustment column 13 supporting the clamping member 5.

[0033] The clamping member 5 has an inwardly bent edge at one end near the workpiece 18, and a gasket 15 is fixedly installed on the end face of the bent edge that contacts the workpiece 18 to protect the workpiece 18. The gasket 15 is a 1mm copper sheet, which is welded to the clamping member 5 to form a soft contact layer, ensuring that the workpiece 18 is clamped while reducing damage to the surface of the workpiece 18.

[0034] One end of the main body 1, which is equipped with a positioning element 4, has a positioning groove 2 at its center for positioning the workpiece 18. The workpiece 18 is placed in the positioning groove 2, which supports the workpiece 18 and improves the stability of the workpiece 18. The other end of the main body 1 is fixedly equipped with a cylindrical connecting seat 3, and the main body 1 is fixed to the lathe spindle through the connecting seat 3. The connecting seat 3 is fixedly connected to the lathe spindle by threads or bolts.

[0035] The assembly method of the general tooling fixture for the CNC lathe described above includes the following steps: S1. The main body 1 is fixed to the lathe spindle via the connecting seat 3. The positioning component 4 is placed into the mounting groove 6 of the main body 1, and the slider 17 on the positioning component 4 is inserted into the slide groove 7. According to the outer diameter of the workpiece 18 to be clamped, the positioning component 4 is slidable in the mounting groove 6 using the scale on the positioning component 4, so that the circle formed by the positioning head 16 at the end of the positioning component 4 is equal to the outer diameter of the workpiece 18. The bolt passes through the adjusting hole 11 and the connecting hole 8 to initially lock the positioning component 4 to the main body 1.

[0036] S2. Place the workpiece 18 in the positioning groove 2, with the edge of the workpiece 18 in contact with the positioning head 16. Fine-tune the position of the workpiece 18 and the position of the positioning component 4 so that the center of the workpiece 18 is located at the rotation center of the spindle. Use the positioning head 16 to radially clamp and fix the workpiece 18, tighten the bolts, and fix the positioning component 4 to the body 1.

[0037] S3. Place the clamping component 5 on the adjusting column 13. The end of the adjusting column 13 is locked in the limiting groove 14 of the clamping component 5. Adjust the height of the adjusting column 13 so that the end of the clamping component 5 with the shim 15 is pressed against the surface of the workpiece 18. The stud 12 passes through the through hole and the fixing hole 9 on the clamping component 5. Tighten the stud 12 alternately and evenly. The clamping component 5 is fixed on the body 1 to perform axial clamping and positioning of the workpiece 18, thus completing the clamping and positioning of the workpiece 18.

[0038] S4. After machining workpiece 18, first loosen stud 12, remove the pressure plate from body 1, and then remove workpiece 18. After cleaning the fixture, clamp the next workpiece 18.

[0039] Therefore, the universal tooling fixture and assembly method for CNC lathes described in this invention can solve the problems of poor universality of existing tooling fixtures and the easy deformation of thin-walled circular workpieces.

[0040] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, and these modifications or equivalent substitutions cannot cause the modified technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A general purpose tooling fixture for a CNC lathe, characterised in that: The body is provided with a plurality of positioning members arranged in a circumferential array at one end of the body for radially positioning the workpiece, the positioning members being in sliding connection with the body and sliding along a straight line passing through the center of the body, and a plurality of pressing members arranged in a circumferential array at one end of the body for axially pressing the workpiece.

2. A general purpose fixture for a CNC lathe as claimed in claim 1, wherein: The positioning members and the pressing members are arranged alternately and uniformly on the body.

3. A general purpose fixture for a CNC lathe as claimed in claim 1, wherein: The body is provided with mounting grooves corresponding to the positioning members, the positioning members being located in the mounting grooves, the mounting grooves being provided with connecting holes, the positioning members being provided with long strip-shaped adjusting holes, and bolts being used to lock and connect the positioning members and the body.

4. A general purpose fixture for a CNC lathe as claimed in claim 3, wherein: The mounting grooves are provided with sliding grooves, the extension lines of the sliding grooves passing through the center axis of the body, the positioning members being provided with sliding blocks matched with the sliding grooves, the sliding blocks being located in the sliding grooves and being in sliding connection with the sliding grooves.

5. A general purpose fixture for a CNC lathe as claimed in claim 1, wherein: The end of the positioning member in contact with the workpiece is provided with a circular-arc-shaped positioning head, and the surface of the positioning member is provided with a scale.

6. A general purpose fixture for a CNC lathe as claimed in claim 1, wherein: The pressing member is provided with a through hole, and the body is provided with a fixing hole which is a threaded hole, and the pressing member is connected with the body by means of bolts passing through the through hole and the fixing hole.

7. A general purpose fixture for a CNC lathe as claimed in claim 1, wherein: The body is provided with a mounting hole, the inside of the mounting hole being provided with an adjusting column for supporting the end of the pressing member away from the workpiece, the adjusting column being in threaded connection with the mounting hole, the pressing member being provided with a limiting groove for limiting the adjusting column, and one end of the adjusting column being located in the limiting groove.

8. A general purpose fixture for a CNC lathe as claimed in claim 1, wherein: The end of the pressing member close to the workpiece is provided with an inwardly bent folding edge, and the end surface of the folding edge in contact with the workpiece is provided with a gasket for protecting the workpiece, the gasket being a copper sheet.

9. A general purpose fixture for a CNC lathe as claimed in claim 1, wherein: The body is provided with a positioning groove for positioning the workpiece at the center of the end of the body provided with the positioning members, and the other end of the body is provided with a connecting seat, and the body is fixed on the main shaft of the lathe through the connecting seat.

10. A method of assembling a general purpose tool holder for a numerically controlled lathe according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1, the body is fixed on the main shaft of the lathe through the connecting seat, the positioning members are put into the mounting grooves of the body, the sliding blocks on the positioning members are inserted into the sliding grooves, the positioning members are slid in the mounting grooves according to the scale on the positioning members according to the outer diameter of the workpiece to be clamped, so that the positioning head of the end head of the positioning member encloses a circle equal to the outer diameter of the workpiece, and the positioning members are preliminarily locked with the body by means of bolts passing through the adjusting holes and the connecting holes; S2, the workpiece is placed in the positioning groove, the edge of the workpiece is in contact with the positioning head, the position of the workpiece and the position of the positioning member are adjusted, the workpiece is radially clamped and fixed by means of the positioning head, and the positioning members and the body are fixed by tightening the bolts; S3, the pressing members are placed on the adjusting columns, the end heads of the adjusting columns are clamped in the limiting grooves of the pressing members, the height of the adjusting columns is adjusted so that the end of the pressing member provided with the gasket is pressed on the surface of the workpiece, the studs pass through the through holes on the pressing members and the fixing holes, and the studs are alternately and uniformly tightened, the pressing members are fixed on the body to axially press and position the workpiece, and the clamping and positioning of the workpiece are completed; S4, after the workpiece is processed, the studs are loosened first, the pressing plate is disassembled from the body, and then the workpiece is removed.

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