Windproof thermal fabric as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of textile materials, and discloses a windproof thermal fabric and a preparation method and application thereof. The windproof thermal fabric comprises an inner lining layer, a middle nanofiber layer and an outer windproof fabric which are sequentially stacked from inside to outside, wherein the inner lining layer is formed by blending raw materials including terylene, chinlon and spandex; the raw materials of the middle nanofiber layer comprise nanofibers, aerogel powder and a functional filler, and the functional filler comprises graphene, a rare earth compound and a functional additive; the outer-layer windproof cloth is formed by weaving composite yarn, and the composite yarn comprises core yarn and sheath yarn wrapping the core yarn. According to the preparation method disclosed by the invention, through layered preparation, composite molding, accurate material ratio and process control, the prepared windproof warm-keeping fabric has excellent warm-keeping property, windproof property, air permeability, antistatic property and durability, and can be widely applied to scenes such as outdoor sportswear, winter clothing and functional protective clothing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of textile materials technology, and in particular to a windproof and warm fabric, its preparation method and application. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the textile technology field is developing rapidly, and windproof and warm-insulating fabrics, as important functional fabrics, are widely used in outdoor sportswear, winter clothing, and functional protective clothing. The development of these fabrics has played a crucial role in improving people's wearing experience in cold, windy environments and ensuring the safety and comfort of workers in these situations. With the improvement of people's living standards and their increasing enthusiasm for outdoor activities, market demand for these fabrics continues to grow, and the performance requirements for windproof and warm-insulating fabrics are becoming increasingly stringent.

[0003] In existing windproof and thermal insulation fabric technologies, most products employ heavy materials or multi-layered structures to achieve warmth. Heavy materials rely primarily on their inherent properties to block heat loss, while multi-layered structures achieve warmth through the layering of different functional layers. However, these methods often lead to reduced breathability and bulkiness, severely impacting freedom of movement and comfort. Some new fabrics improve performance by adding special fibers or coatings, such as using polyester microporous membranes to enhance windproofness, but these solutions still fall short in maintaining long-lasting warmth. Furthermore, their manufacturing processes are complex, energy-intensive, costly, and environmentally impactful. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To at least overcome one of the problems existing in the prior art, one objective of this invention is to provide a windproof and warm fabric. This windproof and warm fabric comprises an inner lining layer, a middle nanofiber layer, and an outer windproof fabric layer layered sequentially from the inside out. The inner lining layer combines softness and elasticity, providing a skin-friendly comfort. The middle nanofiber layer optimizes performance through the blending and melting of various raw materials, achieving efficient warmth retention and antistatic properties. The outer windproof fabric layer has a composite yarn weave structure to block external airflow. These three functions work synergistically to achieve skin-friendly breathability, efficient warmth retention, and windproof protection. A second objective of this invention is to provide a method for preparing the aforementioned windproof and warm fabric. A third objective of this application is to provide applications of the aforementioned windproof and warm fabric.

[0005] Therefore, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A first aspect of the present invention provides a windproof and warm fabric, comprising an inner lining layer, a middle nanofiber layer, and an outer windproof fabric layer stacked sequentially from the inside out; the inner lining layer is made of a blend of polyester, nylon, and spandex; the middle nanofiber layer comprises nanofibers, aerogel powder, and functional fillers, the functional fillers comprising graphene, rare earth compounds, and functional additives; the outer windproof fabric layer is woven from composite yarns, the composite yarns comprising a core yarn and a sheath yarn covering the core yarn.

[0006] This windproof and warm fabric comprises a three-layer structure from the inside out: an inner layer, a middle layer, and an outer layer. This creates a holistic function: a skin-friendly inner layer, a warm and anti-static middle layer, and a windproof outer layer. The inner lining is made of a blend of polyester, nylon, and spandex, possessing excellent softness and elasticity, thus solving the problem of insufficient skin-friendliness in traditional fabrics. The middle nanofiber layer utilizes the low thermal conductivity of aerogel, the thermal conductivity regulation of graphene, and the optimization of the internal structure by rare earth compounds, along with the role of functional additives, to achieve highly efficient warmth retention and anti-static properties. Simultaneously, the composite structure of the middle nanofiber and functional fillers improves the interlayer bonding effect, reducing the shedding of functional fillers during use and extending the fabric's lifespan. The outer windproof fabric effectively blocks external airflow. Furthermore, the composite yarn weaving structure provides excellent mechanical support for the fabric, preventing deformation due to dynamic changes such as stretching or friction during use. The layered design of the windproof and warm fabric in this application works synergistically to provide windproof, warm, antistatic, and skin-friendly effects, making it suitable for various applications such as outdoor sportswear, winter clothing, and functional protective clothing. This solves the problem of traditional fabrics having limited functionality and application scenarios.

[0007] Preferably, the inner lining layer comprises, by weight percentage: 52%–72% polyester, 20%–40% nylon, and 5%–16% spandex. More preferably, the inner lining layer comprises, by weight percentage: 56%–70% polyester, 22%–36% nylon, and 7%–16% spandex.

[0008] In the inner lining layer, 52%–72% polyester ensures the strength and abrasion resistance of the lining base, reducing pilling or damage during use; 20%–40% nylon enhances the fabric's moisture-wicking properties, reducing stuffiness against the skin; and 5%–16% spandex gives the fabric good elasticity, improving stretch during activity. The material composition of the inner lining layer provides the fabric with basic functions such as comfort, elasticity, and durability, which is beneficial for the user's long-term wear needs.

[0009] Preferably, in the raw materials of the middle nanofiber layer, the nanofibers are polyurethane nanofibers, the aerogel powder is silica aerogel, the rare earth compound is selected from at least one of rare earth oxides and rare earth fluorides, and the functional additives include antistatic agents, dispersants, and binders. More preferably, in the raw materials of the middle nanofiber layer, the nanofibers are polyurethane nanofibers with a number-average molecular weight of 90,000–150,000 g / mol; the aerogel powder is silica aerogel with a particle size of 2–5 μm and a specific surface area of ​​700–1000 m². 2 / g; the rare earth compound is selected from at least one of rare earth oxides and rare earth fluorides, and the average particle size of the rare earth compound is 50-300nm; the functional additives include quaternary ammonium salt antistatic agents, polyacrylate dispersants and polyurethane binders.

[0010] Preferably, the rare earth oxide is selected from at least one of cerium oxide, yttrium oxide, and neodymium oxide. More preferably, the rare earth oxide is selected from at least one of cerium oxide and yttrium oxide.

[0011] Preferably, the rare earth fluoride is selected from at least one of erbium fluoride, lanthanum fluoride, and neodymium fluoride. More preferably, the rare earth fluoride is selected from at least one of erbium fluoride and neodymium fluoride.

[0012] Preferably, in the rare earth compound, the weight ratio of the rare earth oxide to the rare earth fluoride is (0.5-1.3):(1-2). More preferably, in the rare earth compound, the weight ratio of the rare earth oxide to the rare earth fluoride is (0.8-1.3):(1-2).

[0013] Preferably, the quaternary ammonium salt antistatic agent is selected from at least one of hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, dioctadecyldimethylammonium chloride, and dodecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride. More preferably, the quaternary ammonium salt antistatic agent is selected from at least one of dioctadecyldimethylammonium chloride and dodecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride.

[0014] Preferably, the polyacrylate dispersant is selected from at least one of sodium polyacrylate, ammonium polyacrylate, polymethyl methacrylate-acrylic acid copolymer, and sodium polyacrylate-maleic anhydride copolymer. More preferably, the polyacrylate dispersant is selected from at least one of ammonium polyacrylate, polymethyl methacrylate-acrylic acid copolymer, and sodium polyacrylate-maleic anhydride copolymer.

[0015] Preferably, in the functional additive, the weight ratio of the quaternary ammonium salt antistatic agent, the polyacrylate dispersant, and the polyurethane binder is (1.2–1.8):(0.8–1.1):(1.5–2.3). More preferably, in the functional additive, the weight ratio of the quaternary ammonium salt antistatic agent, the polyacrylate dispersant, and the polyurethane binder is (1.5–1.8):(0.8–1.1):(1.6–2.3).

[0016] In the raw materials of the middle nanofiber layer, polyurethane nanofibers themselves possess excellent elasticity, flexibility, and high specific surface area, providing a relatively stable supporting framework for the adhesion of aerogel and functional fillers. Silica aerogel has a low thermal conductivity, effectively blocking heat transfer and providing thermal insulation. Among the functional fillers, graphene is lightweight and has good electrical conductivity, forming a conductive network in the middle nanofiber layer. It works synergistically with antistatic agents to provide the fabric with durable antistatic properties. Among the rare earth compounds, rare earth oxides emit far-infrared rays, and rare earth fluorides can undergo photothermal conversion. Rare earth compounds with a weight ratio of (0.5–1.3):(1–2) of rare earth oxides and rare earth fluorides help strengthen and improve the thermal insulation efficiency of the middle nanofiber layer. Furthermore, the antistatic agent in the functional additives provides antistatic effects, improving the wearing experience; the dispersant ensures uniform distribution of fillers and other raw materials; and the binder enhances overall adhesion, thereby reducing the risk of filler detachment.

[0017] Preferably, in the functional filler, the weight ratio of graphene, rare earth compound, and functional additive is (2-5):(0.9-2.3):(0.6-1). More preferably, in the functional filler, the weight ratio of graphene, rare earth compound, and functional additive is (3-5):(1-2.3):(0.6-1). Even more preferably, in the functional filler, the weight ratio of graphene, rare earth compound, and functional additive is (3-5):(1.5-2.3):(0.6-1).

[0018] Two to five parts of graphene help the middle nanofiber layer achieve good electrical and thermal conductivity regulation, avoiding insufficient antistatic and warmth retention due to too low a content, while preventing the fabric from becoming stiff due to too high a content. 0.9 to 2.3 parts of rare earth compounds enhance the warmth retention of the middle layer while preventing filler agglomeration due to excessive dosage. 0.6 to 1 part of functional additives, with specific proportions of antistatic agents, dispersants, and binders, ensures that each additive fully exerts its respective function.

[0019] Preferably, in the middle nanofiber layer, the weight ratio of the nanofibers, aerogel powder, and functional filler is (6-9):(1.8-3):(0.8-1.5). More preferably, in the middle nanofiber layer, the weight ratio of the nanofibers, aerogel powder, and functional filler is (7-9):(2-3):(0.8-1.5). Even more preferably, in the middle nanofiber layer, the weight ratio of the nanofibers, aerogel powder, and functional filler is (7-9):(2-3):(1-1.5).

[0020] In the middle nanofiber layer, 6-9 parts of nanofibers serve as the substrate, forming a continuous and dense fiber network that provides a stable carrier for aerogel and functional fillers, thus preventing the middle layer structure from becoming loose. 1.8-3 parts of aerogel powder fully fill the gaps between the nanofibers, forming a fiber-aerogel composite thermal insulation structure, ensuring the excellent thermal insulation performance of the middle nanofiber layer. 0.8-1.5 parts of functional fillers can fully exert their antistatic, aging-resistant, dispersing, and adhesive effects without affecting the breathability of the middle layer, while avoiding excessive filler causing internal structural blockage and affecting breathability.

[0021] Preferably, in the outer windproof fabric, the core yarn is aramid fiber and the sheath yarn is thermoplastic polyurethane elastic fiber.

[0022] Preferably, the basis weight of the inner lining layer is 80–120 g / m². 2 The thickness of the middle nanofiber layer is 0.1–0.3 mm, and the weight of the outer windproof fabric is 100–145 g / m². 2 More preferably, the basis weight of the inner lining layer is 90–120 g / m². 2 The thickness of the middle nanofiber layer is 0.15–0.3 mm, and the weight of the outer windproof fabric is 110–145 g / m². 2 More preferably, the basis weight of the inner lining layer is 90–120 g / m². 2 The thickness of the middle nanofiber layer is 0.2–0.3 mm, and the weight of the outer windproof fabric is 120–145 g / m². 2 .

[0023] Inner layer 80~120g / m 2 The weight balances softness against the skin with durability, avoiding being too heavy and bulky, or too light and easily damaged. The middle layer, 0.1–0.3 mm thick, ensures excellent warmth, anti-static properties, and breathability while preventing the fabric from becoming stiff due to excessive thickness. The outer layer weighs 100–145 g / m². 2The weight and high-density composite yarn weaving ensure that the outer layer effectively protects against wind while avoiding excessive thickness that would increase the overall weight of the fabric.

[0024] In this windproof and warm fabric, an inner lining layer, a middle nanofiber layer, and an outer windproof fabric are layered sequentially from the inside out. The control of the raw materials and the reasonable proportions between the raw material components of each layer, especially the reasonable design of the middle nanofiber layer, enables the three functions to work together to achieve the skin-friendly and breathable, highly efficient warming and anti-static, and windproof protective effects of the windproof and warm fabric.

[0025] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the windproof and warm fabric according to the first aspect of the present invention, comprising the following steps: S1. Preparation of inner lining layer: Polyester, nylon and spandex are mixed, and the inner lining layer is obtained by spinning, weaving and pre-shrinking. S2. Preparation of the middle nanofiber layer: Nanofibers, aerogel powder and functional fillers are blended and melted, then sprayed out by meltblowing and stretched to form the middle nanofiber layer; S3. Preparation of outer windproof fabric: The core yarn and sheath yarn are woven and hot-pressed to obtain the outer windproof fabric; S4. Composite molding: The inner lining layer, the middle nanofiber layer and the outer windproof fabric are stacked in sequence, and then hot-melt composite and shaping treatment is performed to obtain the windproof and warm fabric.

[0026] Preferably, in step S1, the spinning process is ring spinning, the twist of the yarn is 380-450 twists / m for the warp and 320-380 twists / m for the weft, and the yarn fineness is 14-21 tex. More preferably, in step S1, the spinning process is ring spinning, the twist of the yarn is 390-450 twists / m for the warp and 330-380 twists / m for the weft, and the yarn fineness is 14-21 tex. Even more preferably, in step S1, the spinning process is ring spinning, the twist of the yarn is 400-450 twists / m for the warp and 350-380 twists / m for the weft, and the yarn fineness is 16-21 tex.

[0027] Preferably, in step S2, the temperature of the blending and melting is 200–280°C; the temperature of the meltblown material is 230–260°C, the velocity is 500–800 m / s, the pressure is 0.4–0.6 MPa, and the receiving distance is 15–20 cm. More preferably, in step S2, the temperature of the blending and melting is 230–280°C; the temperature of the meltblown material is 240–260°C, the velocity is 550–800 m / s, the pressure is 0.4–0.6 MPa, and the receiving distance is 15–20 cm. Even more preferably, in step S2, the temperature of the blending and melting is 250–280°C; the temperature of the meltblown material is 240–260°C, the velocity is 650–800 m / s, the pressure is 0.5–0.6 MPa, and the receiving distance is 18–20 cm.

[0028] Preferably, in step S3, the core yarn feeding speed is 28–33 m / min, the sheath yarn feeding speed is 36–42 m / min, the core yarn tension is 20–25 cN, and the wrapping rotation speed is 8000–9000 rpm; the hot pressing setting temperature is 150–170°C, the pressure is 1.0–1.5 MPa, and the time is 60–90 s. More preferably, in step S3, the core yarn feeding speed is 30–33 m / min, the sheath yarn feeding speed is 38–42 m / min, the core yarn tension is 20–25 cN, and the wrapping rotation speed is 8000–9000 rpm; the hot pressing setting temperature is 155–170°C, the pressure is 1.0–1.5 MPa, and the time is 60–90 s. More preferably, in step S3, the core yarn feeding speed is 30-33 m / min, the sheath yarn feeding speed is 38-42 m / min, the core yarn tension is 23-25 ​​cN, and the wrapping rotation speed is 8200-9000 rpm; the hot pressing setting temperature is 155-170℃, the pressure is 1.2-1.5 MPa, and the time is 60-90 s.

[0029] Preferably, in step S4, the temperature of the hot-melt bonding is 100–130°C, the pressure of the hot-melt bonding is 0.3–1 MPa, and the hot-melt bonding time is 1–2 min; the temperature of the setting is 80–100°C, and the setting time is 5–10 min. More preferably, in step S4, the temperature of the hot-melt bonding is 105–130°C, the pressure of the hot-melt bonding is 0.5–1 MPa, and the hot-melt bonding time is 1–2 min; the temperature of the setting is 80–100°C, and the setting time is 5–10 min. Even more preferably, in step S4, the temperature of the hot-melt bonding is 110–130°C, the pressure of the hot-melt bonding is 0.6–1 MPa, and the hot-melt bonding time is 1–2 min; the temperature of the setting is 85–100°C, and the setting time is 7–10 min.

[0030] The preparation method mainly involves the following steps: preparation of the inner lining layer, preparation of the middle nanofiber layer, preparation of the outer windproof fabric, and composite molding, to obtain the windproof and warm fabric. Step S1, the preparation of the inner layer, uses ring-spun yarns with specific twist and fineness for weaving and pre-shrinking to form a skin-friendly base that is both comfortable and elastic, and provides stable support. Step S2, the preparation of the middle layer, uses a melt-blowing process under precisely controlled temperature, pressure, and speed to composite aerogel powder and functional fillers into the nanofiber network, constructing a highly efficient and lightweight heat-insulating core layer. Step S3, the preparation of the outer layer utilizes weaving and hot-pressing processes to form a dense windproof structure. Finally, in the composite molding stage of step S4, a precise low-temperature hot-melt composite and molding process is used to achieve a firm fusion of the three layers at the interface and overall dimensional stability, resulting in a windproof and warm fabric that simultaneously possesses excellent warmth retention, windproofness, breathability, antistatic properties, and durability.

[0031] A third aspect of this application provides the application of a windproof and warm fabric in the preparation of clothing or textile products, wherein the windproof and warm fabric is the windproof and warm fabric described above, or is prepared by the above-described preparation method.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: 1) The windproof and warm fabric of this application includes an inner lining layer, a middle nanofiber layer and an outer windproof fabric layer stacked from the inside to the outside. Through the reasonable proportion of each raw material component, the windproof and warm fabric has excellent warmth retention, windproofness, breathability, antistatic properties and durability, which solves the problems of single function and limited application scenarios of traditional fabrics.

[0033] 2) The method for preparing the windproof and warm fabric of this application involves steps such as preparing an inner lining layer, preparing a middle nanofiber layer, preparing an outer windproof fabric, and composite molding to obtain the windproof and warm fabric. The precise process control of this preparation method helps to achieve a firm fusion of the three-layer structure at the interface and overall dimensional stability, as well as improve the windproof and warm fabric's performance. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The present invention will be further described in detail below through specific embodiments, comparative examples and tables, but is not limited to all the discussions and data.

[0035] In the raw material components of the windproof and warm fabric, polyurethane nanofibers were purchased from Huafeng Chongqing Spandex Co., Ltd., model HF-PU NF850, with a number-average molecular weight of 100,000–120,000 g / mol; silica aerogel powder was purchased from Zhejiang Nano Technology Co., Ltd., model Nano-SA-P2, with a particle size of 2–5 μm and a specific surface area of ​​700–900 m². 2 / g; Cerium oxide was purchased from Jining Maikerui Rare Earth Co., Ltd., with a particle size of 50-100μm; Neodymium fluoride was purchased from Shandong Desheng New Materials Co., Ltd., with a particle size of 150μm; Ammonium polyacrylate was purchased from Weifang Luyi Chemical Co., Ltd., model Dispersant-5020; Polyurethane adhesive was purchased from Shanghai Tianyang Hot Melt Adhesive Materials Co., Ltd., model JCC-PUR 5030; Graphene was purchased from Changzhou Sixth Element Materials Technology Co., Ltd., model SE1230, with a specific surface area of ​​120-150m². 2 / g.

[0036] The preparation method of the self-made functional additive is as follows: Mix 15g of bis(octadecyl)dimethylammonium chloride, 10g of ammonium polyacrylate and 18g of polyurethane adhesive evenly to obtain the functional additive.

[0037] The steps for preparing the homemade rare earth compound are as follows: Mix 10g of cerium oxide and 12g of neodymium fluoride evenly to obtain the rare earth compound.

[0038] It is particularly important to emphasize that, unless otherwise specified, the raw materials, reagents or devices used in this invention can be obtained from conventional commercial sources.

[0039] Example of preparation of functional fillers: Preparation Example 1: The preparation method of a functional filler has the following steps: Take 35g of graphene, 13g of self-made rare earth compound and 8g of self-made functional additive, mix them evenly to obtain the functional filler.

[0040] Preparation Example 2: The preparation method of a functional filler has the following steps: Take 35g of graphene, 20g of self-made rare earth compound and 9g of self-made functional additive, mix them evenly to obtain the functional filler.

[0041] Preparation Example 3: The preparation method of a functional filler has the following steps: Take 45g of graphene, 13g of self-made rare earth compound and 6g of self-made functional additive, mix them evenly to obtain the functional filler.

[0042] Preparation of functional fillers for Comparative Example 1: The preparation method of a functional filler has the following steps: Take 20g of graphene, 25g of self-made rare earth compound and 1g of self-made functional additive, mix them evenly to obtain the functional filler.

[0043] Examples of windproof and warm fabrics: A windproof and warm fabric is prepared through the following steps: S1. Preparation of the inner lining layer: First, 520-720g of polyester, 200-400g of nylon and 50-160g of spandex are mixed and spun using ring spinning process, controlling the warp twist at 380-450 twists / m, the weft twist at 320-380 twists / m, and the yarn fineness at 14-21 tex. After spinning, the warp density is controlled at 380-450 ends / 10cm, the weft density at 320-380 ends / 10cm, the warp tension at 20-30cN, the weft tension at 15-25cN, and the weaving speed at 80-120rpm to weave the fabric into a grey fabric. The grey fabric is then pre-shrinked at 85-95℃ to obtain the inner lining layer. S2. Preparation of the middle nanofiber layer: 600-900g of nanofibers, 180-300g of aerogel powder and 80-150g of functional filler are blended and melted at 200-280℃ to obtain a composite melt. Then, under the melt-blowing process with a spraying temperature of 230-260℃, a speed of 500-800m / s and a pressure of 0.4-0.6MPa, the composite melt is stretched and refined under the conditions of a gas flow velocity of 500-800m / s, a gas flow pressure of 0.4-0.6MPa and a gas flow temperature of 230-260℃, and then cooled and solidified. The melt is collected at a receiving distance of 15-20cm to obtain the middle nanofiber layer. S3. Preparation of outer windproof fabric: The core yarn feeding speed is set to 28-33 m / min, the sheath yarn feeding speed is set to 36-42 m / min, the core yarn tension is set to 20-25 cN, and the wrapping speed is set to 8000-9000 rpm to make composite yarn. The yarn is then hot-pressed and set for 60-90 s at a temperature of 150-170℃ and a pressure of 1.0-1.5 MPa to obtain the outer windproof fabric. S4. Composite molding: The inner lining layer, the middle nanofiber layer and the outer windproof fabric are stacked in sequence, and hot-melt composite is carried out at a temperature of 100-130℃ and a pressure of 0.3-1MPa. The fabric is then set at a temperature of 80-100℃ for 5-10 minutes to obtain the windproof and warm fabric.

[0044] Regarding step S1, in some specific implementations, the amounts of polyester, nylon, and spandex can be 520g, 400g, 80g, 600g, 300g, 100g, 650g, 200g, 150g, or 720g, 210g, 70g. The warp twist in the ring spinning process can be 380 twists / m, 400 twists / m, 420 twists / m, or 450 twists / m, and the weft twist can be 320 twists / m, 330 twists / m, 350 twists / m, or 380 twists / m. The yarn fineness can be 14tex, 16tex, 19tex, or 21tex. After spinning, the warp density can be 380, 400, 430, or 450 yarns / 10cm, and the weft density can be 320, 340, 360, or 380 yarns / 10cm. The warp tension can be 20 cN, 23 cN, 28 cN, or 30 cN, and the weft tension can be 15 cN, 18 cN, 23 cN, or 25 cN. The knitting speed can be 80 rpm, 100 rpm, or 120 rpm. The pre-shrinking temperature can be 85℃, 90℃, or 95℃.

[0045] Regarding step S2, in some specific embodiments, the nanofibers are polyurethane nanofibers with a number-average molecular weight of 90,000 g / mol, 100,000 g / mol, 120,000 g / mol, 140,000 g / mol, or 150,000 g / mol. The aerogel powder is silica aerogel with a particle size of 2 μm, 3 μm, or 5 μm and a specific surface area of ​​700 m². 2 / g、800m 2 / g、900m 2 / g or 1000m 2 / g. Functional fillers include graphene, rare earth compounds, and functional additives. The rare earth compounds can be selected from at least one of rare earth oxides and rare earth fluorides. The average particle size of the rare earth compounds is 50nm, 100nm, 150nm, 200nm, 250nm, or 300nm. The weight ratio of rare earth oxides to rare earth fluorides in the rare earth compounds can be 0.5:1.2, 0.5:1.8, 1:1, 1:1.5, or 1:2. The rare earth oxides can be selected from at least one of cerium oxide, yttrium oxide, and neodymium oxide. The rare earth fluorides can be selected from at least one of erbium fluoride, lanthanum fluoride, and neodymium fluoride. The functional additives include antistatic agents, dispersants, and binders. The antistatic agent is a quaternary ammonium salt antistatic agent, which can be selected from at least one of hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, dioctadecyldimethylammonium chloride, and dodecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride. The dispersant is a polyacrylate dispersant, which can be selected from at least one of sodium polyacrylate, ammonium polyacrylate, polymethyl methacrylate-acrylic acid copolymer, and sodium polyacrylate-maleic anhydride copolymer. The binder is a polyurethane binder. The weight ratio of the quaternary ammonium salt antistatic agent, polyacrylate dispersant, and polyurethane binder in the functional additives can be 1.2:0.8:1.5, 1.3:1:1.5, 1.6:1:2.3, or 1.8:1.1:2. The weight ratio of graphene, rare earth compounds, and functional additives in the functional fillers can be 2:0.9:1, 3:1:0.8, 4:2:1, or 5:1.8:0.7. In some specific implementations, the amount of polyurethane nanofibers can be 600g, 700g, 850g, or 900g; the amount of silica aerogel powder can be 180g, 200g, 250g, or 300g; the amount of functional filler can be 80g, 100g, 120g, or 150g; the blending and melting temperature can be 200℃, 230℃, 260℃, or 280℃; the meltblowing temperature can be 230℃, 240℃, 250℃, or 260℃; and the speed can be 500m / s, 550m / s, or 600g. The gas flow rate for stretching and refining the composite melt can be 500 m / s, 550 m / s, 650 m / s, 750 m / s, or 800 m / s, with a pressure of 0.4 MPa, 0.5 MPa, or 0.6 MPa. The gas flow temperature can be 230℃, 240℃, 250℃, or 260℃. After cooling to room temperature, the melt is collected at a receiving distance of 15 cm, 18 cm, or 20 cm to obtain the middle nanofiber layer.

[0046] Regarding step S3, in some specific implementations, the core yarn feeding speed can be 28m / min, 30m / min, 31m / min or 33m / min, the sheath yarn feeding speed can be 36m / min, 38m / min, 40m / min or 42m / min, the core yarn tension can be 20cN, 23cN or 25cN, the wrapping rotation speed can be 8000rpm, 8200rpm, 8500rpm, 8700rpm or 9000rpm, the hot pressing temperature can be 150℃, 160℃ or 170℃, the pressure can be 1.0MPa, 1.2MPa, 1.4MPa or 1.5MPa, and the time can be 60s, 65s, 85s or 90s.

[0047] Regarding step S4, in some specific implementations, the temperature for hot melt bonding can be 100℃, 110℃, 120℃ or 130℃, the pressure can be 0.3MPa, 0.5MPa, 0.8MPa or 1MPa, the temperature for the setting treatment can be 80℃, 85℃, 95℃ or 100℃, and the time can be 5min, 7min, 8min or 10min.

[0048] Example 1: A windproof and warm fabric is prepared through the following steps: S1. Preparation of the inner lining layer: First, 600g of polyester, 300g of nylon and 100g of spandex are mixed and spun using ring spinning process, with the warp twist controlled at 420 twists / m, the weft twist at 350 twists / m and the yarn fineness at 16tex. After spinning, the warp density is controlled at 420 ends / 10cm, the weft density at 350 ends / 10cm, the warp tension at 25cN, the weft tension at 18cN, and the weaving speed at 100rpm to weave the fabric into a grey fabric. The grey fabric is then pre-shrinked at 90℃ to obtain the inner lining layer. S2. Preparation of the middle nanofiber layer: 600g of polyurethane nanofibers, 200g of silica aerogel powder and 100g of the functional filler from Preparation Example 1 were blended and melted at 250°C to obtain a composite melt. Then, under a melt-blowing process with a spraying temperature of 230°C, a speed of 600m / s and a pressure of 0.5MPa, the composite melt was stretched and refined under the conditions of a gas flow rate of 600m / s, a gas flow pressure of 0.5MPa and a gas flow temperature of 230°C, and then cooled and solidified. The melt was collected at a receiving distance of 18cm to obtain the middle nanofiber layer. S3. Preparation of outer windproof fabric: The core yarn feeding speed is set to 30m / min, the sheath yarn feeding speed to 40m / min, the core yarn tension to 23cN, and the wrapping speed to 8500rpm. The composite yarn is then hot-pressed and set for 80s at a temperature of 160℃ and a pressure of 1.2MPa to obtain the outer windproof fabric. S4. Composite molding: The inner lining layer, the middle nanofiber layer and the outer windproof fabric are stacked in sequence, and then hot-melt composite is performed at 110°C and 0.8MPa pressure. The fabric is then set at 90°C for 10 minutes to obtain the windproof and warm fabric.

[0049] Example 2: The preparation method and the amount of each raw material are the same as in Example 1, except that in Example 2, the amount of polyester, nylon and spandex used in step S1 is 520g, 400g and 80g respectively.

[0050] Example 3: The preparation method and the amount of each raw material are the same as in Example 1, except that in Example 3, the amount of polyester, nylon and spandex used in step S1 is 720g, 210g and 70g respectively.

[0051] Example 4: The preparation method and the amount of each raw material are the same as in Example 1, except that in step S2 of Example 4, the functional filler of Example 1 is prepared in the same amount as the functional filler of Example 2.

[0052] Example 5: The preparation method and the amount of each raw material are the same as in Example 1, except that the functional filler in step S2 of Example 5 is the same as that in Example 1.

[0053] Example 6: The preparation method and the amount of each raw material are the same as in Example 1, except that in Example 6, the amounts of polyurethane nanofibers, silica aerogel powder and functional filler from Example 1 in step S2 are 700g, 250g and 120g, respectively.

[0054] Example 7: The preparation method and the amount of each raw material are the same as in Example 1, except that in Example 7, the amounts of polyurethane nanofibers, silica aerogel powder and functional filler from Example 1 in step S2 are 850g, 300g and 80g, respectively.

[0055] Comparative Example 1: The preparation method and the amount of each raw material are the same as in Example 1, except that the amount of polyester, nylon and spandex used in step S1 of Comparative Example 1 is 520g, 400g and 180g respectively.

[0056] Comparative Example 2: The preparation method and the amount of each raw material are the same as in Example 1, except that the functional filler in step S2 of Comparative Example 2 is prepared in the same amount as that in Example 1.

[0057] Comparative Example 3: The preparation method and the amount of each raw material are the same as in Example 1, except that the amounts of polyurethane nanofibers, silica aerogel powder and functional filler from Preparation Example 1 in step S2 of Comparative Example 3 are 850g, 400g and 70g, respectively.

[0058] Material performance testing: The windproof and warm fabrics obtained in Examples 1-7 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were subjected to various performance tests, and the test methods are as follows: 1. Thermal resistance: Tested in accordance with GB / T 11048-2018 standard.

[0059] 2. Air permeability: Tested according to GB / T 5453-1997 standard.

[0060] 3. Moisture permeability: Tested according to GB / T 12704.1-2009 standard.

[0061] 4. Static voltage half-life: Tested in accordance with GB / T 12703.1-2021 standard.

[0062] 5. Fracture strength: Tested in accordance with GB / T 3923.1-2013 standard.

[0063] The test performance of the windproof and warm fabrics of Examples 1-7 and Comparative Examples 1-3 is shown in Table 1 below: Table 1. Performance test results of Examples 1-7 and Comparative Examples 1-3 The windproof and warm fabrics in Examples 1-7 are constructed by layering an inner lining layer, a middle nanofiber layer, and an outer windproof fabric from the inside out. The process conditions at each step are optimized, particularly in the middle nanofiber layer. The specific components and proportions of functional fillers, along with their composite system with nanofibers and aerogel, result in windproof and warm fabrics with excellent warmth retention (thermal resistance of 0.45-0.54 cO), good air and moisture permeability (air permeability of 10.5-14.2 mm / s and moisture permeability of 6635-6960 g / m³). 2• With good antistatic properties for 24 hours, the static voltage half-life is in the range of 1.5 to 2.1 seconds. The warp breaking strength is 567 to 620 N / 5 cm, and the weft breaking strength is 461 to 502 N / 5 cm. This three-layer structure design ensures that the fabric achieves a good balance between warmth, windproofness, moisture permeability, antistatic properties, and durability. It can be widely used in outdoor sportswear, winter clothing, and functional protective clothing, and is especially suitable for wearing in cold and windy environments.

[0064] Compared with Example 1, Comparative Example 1 uses the same preparation method and raw material dosage as Example 1. The difference is that the inner lining fabric in Comparative Example 1 contains 52% polyester, 40% nylon, and 18% spandex by mass percentage. The mass percentage of spandex is not within the scope of this application's technical solution. The results show that the thermal resistance, warp breaking strength, and weft breaking strength of the windproof and warm fabric in Comparative Example 1 are significantly reduced, and the electrostatic voltage half-life is extended to 3.6 s. This may be because the proportion of spandex in Comparative Example 1 is too high, which destroys the cohesive force of the polyester and nylon blend, resulting in insufficient mechanical skeleton support of the inner lining fabric and a loose fabric structure, thereby reducing its windproof and heat insulation effect and mechanical strength. At the same time, the loose structure makes it more prone to deformation, leading to local breakage of the internal electrostatic conduction path, which in turn affects the overall antistatic performance.

[0065] Compared with Example 1, Comparative Example 2 uses the same preparation method and raw material dosage as Example 1, except that the middle nanofiber layer in Comparative Example 2 uses the same functional filler as that used in Comparative Example 1. Test results show that the thermal resistance of the windproof and warm fabric in Comparative Example 2 decreased to 0.41 clo, and the air permeability and moisture permeability were 15.6 mm / s and 7020 g / m², respectively. 2 • After 24 hours, the electrostatic half-life was significantly prolonged to 4.8 s, and the longitudinal and latitudinal breaking strengths decreased to 519 N / 5 cm and 425 N / 5 cm, respectively. This may be because the amount of graphene used in the preparation of the functional filler in Comparative Example 1 was insufficient, which prevented the formation of a continuous conductive network in the middle nanofiber layer, and the static electricity could not be dissipated quickly, resulting in a significant decrease in its antistatic performance. On the other hand, the excessive amount of rare earth compounds made the filler prone to agglomeration and uneven dispersion, which damaged its composite thermal insulation structure, thereby affecting the thermal insulation effect and interlayer bonding force, resulting in a decrease in both thermal insulation and mechanical properties.

[0066] Compared with Example 1, Comparative Example 3 was prepared using the same method and with the same amount of raw materials. The difference was that the ratio of the middle nanofiber layer in Comparative Example 3 was adjusted to 850g of polyurethane nanofibers, 400g of silica aerogel powder, and 70g of functional filler. Test results showed that the windproof and warm fabric of Comparative Example 3 had a thermal resistance of 0.43clo, an air permeability of 13.5mm / s, and a moisture permeability of 6890g / m³. 2• After 24 hours, the electrostatic half-life was extended to 3.2 s, and the longitudinal and latitudinal breaking strengths were 574 N / 5 cm and 461 N / 5 cm, respectively. This may be because in Comparative Example 3, the amount of aerogel powder was too high while the amount of functional filler was too low. Excessive aerogel powder accumulated in the nanofiber network, which may have caused partial blockage of the pores in the middle nanofiber layer, thus affecting the moisture permeability. At the same time, insufficient functional filler resulted in a relatively low content of antistatic components such as graphene and antistatic agents, which could not form an effective conductive path, thereby reducing its antistatic performance.

[0067] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. Any obvious variations or modifications derived from the technical solutions of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A windproof and warm fabric, characterized in that, It includes an inner lining layer, a middle nanofiber layer, and an outer windproof fabric layer, which are stacked sequentially from the inside out. The inner lining layer is made of a blend of raw materials polyester, nylon and spandex; The raw materials for the middle nanofiber layer include nanofibers, aerogel powder, and functional fillers, wherein the functional fillers include graphene, rare earth compounds, and functional additives. The outer windproof fabric is woven from composite yarn, which includes a core yarn and a sheath yarn covering the core yarn.

2. The windproof and warm fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner lining layer contains the following raw materials by mass percentage: polyester 52%~72%, nylon 20%~40%, and spandex 5%~16%.

3. The windproof and warm fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the raw materials of the middle nanofiber layer, the nanofibers are polyurethane nanofibers, the aerogel powder is silica aerogel, the rare earth compound is selected from at least one of rare earth oxides and rare earth fluorides, and the functional additives include antistatic agents, dispersants and binders.

4. The windproof and warm fabric according to claim 3, characterized in that, The rare earth oxide is selected from at least one of cerium oxide, yttrium oxide, and neodymium oxide; And / or, the rare earth fluoride is selected from at least one of erbium fluoride, lanthanum fluoride, and neodymium fluoride.

5. The windproof and warm fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the functional filler, the weight ratio of graphene, rare earth compound and functional additive is (2~5):(0.9~2.3):(0.6~1).

6. The windproof and warm fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the middle nanofiber layer, the weight ratio of nanofibers, aerogel powder and functional filler is (6~9):(1.8~3):(0.8~1.5).

7. The windproof and warm fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner lining layer has a basis weight of 80~120g / m². 2 The thickness of the middle nanofiber layer is 0.1~0.3mm, and the weight of the outer windproof fabric is 100~145g / m². 2 .

8. A method for preparing a windproof and warm fabric as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Preparation of inner lining layer: Polyester, nylon and spandex are mixed, and the inner lining layer is obtained by spinning, weaving and pre-shrinking. S2. Preparation of the middle nanofiber layer: Nanofibers, aerogel powder and functional fillers are blended and melted, and then sprayed out and stretched to form the middle nanofiber layer; S3. Preparation of outer windproof fabric: The core yarn and sheath yarn are woven and hot-pressed to obtain the outer windproof fabric; S4. Composite molding: The inner lining layer, the middle nanofiber layer and the outer windproof fabric are stacked in sequence, and then hot-melt composite and shaping treatment is performed to obtain the windproof and warm fabric.

9. The method for preparing the windproof and warm fabric according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step S4, the temperature of the hot melt bonding is 100~130℃, the pressure of the hot melt bonding is 0.3~1MPa, the hot melt bonding time is 1~2min, the setting temperature is 80~100℃, and the setting time is 5~10min.

10. The use of a windproof and warm fabric as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 or a windproof and warm fabric prepared by the preparation method as described in any one of claims 8 to 9 in the preparation of clothing or textile products.

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