Multi-heat-source coordinated regulation waste tire pyrolysis device and method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of waste resource utilization, and particularly relates to a waste tire pyrolysis device and method for multi-heat-source coordinated regulation and control. The device comprises a pyrolyzing furnace, a residual electric power storage system, a heat source input regulation and control system, a flue gas flow regulation system, a real-time monitoring system and a multi-parameter control module. The method comprises the steps of residual electric power storage and input, multi-heat-source equivalent thermal power optimization matching, flue gas flow and temperature grading temperature control and heat source input rapid closed-loop correction and dynamic optimization. Through cooperative input of multiple heat sources, complementary energy of a power plant is secondarily utilized, dependence of waste tire pyrolysis on a single heat source of fossil fuel is avoided, and the comprehensive energy utilization efficiency is improved; the multi-parameter dynamic regulation and control technology is utilized, the heat source input proportion is dynamically adjusted according to the real-time working condition, the graded temperature control requirement is met so as to guarantee the product quality, meanwhile, the heat source energy consumption cost and the carbon emission cost are optimized, and collaboration of energy efficiency and economical efficiency is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of waste resource utilization technology, specifically relating to a waste tire pyrolysis device and method with multi-heat source synergistic control. Background Technology

[0002] With increasingly stringent environmental protection requirements, the recycling and disposal of waste tires has become a global hotspot. Traditional waste tire disposal methods, such as landfill and incineration, not only waste resources but also potentially cause environmental pollution. Pyrolysis technology is a waste tire treatment technology that has received widespread attention in recent years. This technology involves heating waste tires at high temperatures in an oxygen-free or low-oxygen environment, causing a thermal decomposition reaction that converts waste tires into high-value energy sources and chemicals such as oil, gas, and char. Compared with traditional treatment methods, pyrolysis technology has significant advantages such as high resource recovery efficiency and less environmental pollution.

[0003] However, existing waste tire pyrolysis systems mostly rely on a single heat source, such as fossil fuels like coal and natural gas, which results in high costs, significant pollution, and high carbon emission costs. In addition, the waste tire pyrolysis process needs to be adapted to changing operating conditions. For example, different batches of waste tires have differences in composition and size, but existing pyrolysis systems mostly use fixed-stage heating, making it difficult to flexibly adjust pyrolysis conditions to adapt to different operating conditions. This may lead to problems such as low pyrolysis efficiency and poor product quality. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a waste tire pyrolysis device and method with multi-heat source synergistic control, which reduces dependence on fossil fuels as a single heat source and improves overall energy utilization efficiency. The heat source input ratio is dynamically adjusted according to real-time operating conditions, optimizing heat source energy consumption costs and carbon emission costs while meeting the requirements of graded temperature control, and ensuring product quality.

[0005] The multiple heat sources of this invention are surplus electricity generated by power plant peak shaving, flue gas from power plant boilers, and hot air. Both "flue gas" and "hot air" originate from the hot end coupling with the power plant boiler. The heat source flue gas is taken from the medium-temperature flue gas (typically 350–500°C) after the boiler economizer / air preheater, and after heat exchange and flow regulation, it serves as the external heating source for the pyrolysis furnace. The heat source hot air is taken from the boiler's primary / secondary air ducts, and after bypassing and being heated / cooled by a secondary heat exchanger, it serves as the heat transfer medium and / or the uniform heat distribution medium within the furnace. Surplus electricity heating is used for rapid and precise temperature tracking and disturbance elimination; flue gas heating is used for base load heating and efficient recovery of waste heat; and hot air heating is used for temperature homogenization / heat transfer enhancement and bed flow stabilization.

[0006] The present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A waste tire pyrolysis device with multi-heat source coordinated control includes a pyrolysis furnace, a residual power storage system, a heat source input control system, a flue gas flow regulation system, a real-time monitoring system, and a multi-parameter control module. The residual power storage system is connected to the heat source input control system via a cable. The flue gas flow regulation system transports flue gas from the boiler to the heat source input control system via a pipeline. The heat source input control system is also connected to a hot air source. The heat source input control system transports electrical energy, flue gas, and hot air to the pyrolysis furnace via cables or pipelines. The real-time monitoring system is connected to the multi-parameter control module via a data transmission line, and the multi-parameter control module is connected to the heat source input control system via a data transmission line.

[0008] The pyrolysis furnace is used for the pyrolysis of waste tires and has temperature control and pressure regulation functions, and can withstand high-temperature environments.

[0009] The surplus power storage system is used to store surplus power from the power plant during peak shaving, ensuring a stable heat source when load fluctuates or energy supply is insufficient.

[0010] The heat source input control system is used to adjust the input ratio of different heat sources, including surplus power from the power plant, flue gas, and hot air.

[0011] The flue gas flow regulation system is used to regulate the flue gas flow direction, flow rate and temperature to ensure uniform heat distribution in the pyrolysis furnace.

[0012] The real-time monitoring system is used to collect various data during the waste tire pyrolysis process and feed them back to the multi-parameter control module in real time.

[0013] The multi-parameter control module is used to monitor data in real time, automatically adjust the heat source input ratio, and optimize the temperature and pressure during the pyrolysis process to ensure product quality.

[0014] Preferably, the residual power storage system includes lithium batteries, lead-acid batteries or other energy storage devices, with a storage capacity of 1200-2000 kWh, providing 200-250 kW of power, and a continuous supply time of 6-8 hours.

[0015] Preferably, the heat source input control system is equipped with a flow regulating valve, a temperature control device, and a pressure control device; the flue gas flow regulation system includes a flue gas guide pipe, an adjustable fan, and a heat exchanger.

[0016] Preferably, the real-time monitoring system includes a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, and an airflow rate sensor, with monitoring accuracies of ±3°C, ±0.1 bar, and ±2%, respectively, and a data acquisition frequency of 900–1100 times / second, which are adjusted by the multi-parameter control module.

[0017] A multi-heat-source synergistic control method for waste tire pyrolysis, implemented based on the aforementioned multi-heat-source synergistic control waste tire pyrolysis device, includes the following steps:

[0018] Step S1: Use the surplus power stored in the power plant's peak-shaving system as the main heat source for the pyrolysis process, and provide a stable energy input to the pyrolysis furnace through the battery pack or other energy storage devices;

[0019] Step S2: Based on operating conditions, energy prices, boiler load and constraints, the optimal input ratio of equivalent thermal power of remaining electricity, flue gas and hot air is calculated using a multi-parameter control module, and the input is adjusted through a heat source input control system; the optimal input ratio of equivalent thermal power is the heat source input ratio that minimizes the overall cost under process constraints.

[0020] Step S3: Based on the equivalent thermal power input ratio adjustment result of step S2, sub-level adjustment is performed through the flue gas flow regulation system to adjust the flue gas flow rate and temperature so that the heating temperature of the pyrolysis furnace meets the temperature graded trajectory control requirements and ensures that the temperature distribution of the pyrolysis furnace is consistent with the dynamic trajectory.

[0021] Step S4: The temperature, pressure and airflow rate deviations inside the pyrolysis furnace are continuously monitored by the real-time monitoring system. The data is fed back to the multi-parameter control module. The target trajectory is compared with the real-time measurement value to implement rapid closed-loop correction. The equivalent heat power input ratio of the heat source is adjusted to offset the disturbances caused by material fluctuations and boiler load fluctuations, and to maintain the stability inside the furnace.

[0022] Preferably, in step S2, the formula for uniformly converting the remaining electrical power P, the mass flow rate m_g and temperature T_g of the flue gas, and the mass flow rate m_a and T_a of the hot air into the equivalent thermal power Q_eq (kW) is as follows:

[0023] Remaining electricity conversion: ;

[0024] in The electro-thermal conversion efficiency or electric heating element efficiency is ≥0.95;

[0025] Flue gas conversion: ;

[0026] Hot air conversion: ;

[0027] Equivalent heat power ratio of heat source: , , ,and ;

[0028] In the formula, The mass flow rate of flue gas is (kg / s). Hot air mass flow rate (kg / s); , The specific heat at constant pressure of flue gas and air (kJ / (kg·K)) are respectively. , The temperature of the flue gas and hot air (K); Reference temperature (K); For heat exchange efficiency; The equivalent total heat power (kW) of the three heat sources.

[0029] Preferably, in step S2, the process constraints are: temperature grading trajectory, furnace pressure, and tar quality; the comprehensive cost function is:

[0030]

[0031] The first item is to ensure temperature stability, the second item is the energy consumption cost corresponding to the three heat sources, the third item is the carbon emission cost, and the fourth item is the product quality deviation (such as oil fractionation index and carbon fixed carbon).

[0032] The multi-parameter control module employs a static optimization algorithm based on weighted linear programming, comprehensively considering energy price weights and the availability of boiler waste heat to obtain the objective function. Minimum optimal heat source ratio:

[0033]

[0034] in, When the boiler load is low or the electricity price is low, the algorithm automatically increases the proportion of electricity used. When there is sufficient waste heat from the flue gas or the electricity price is high, the proportion of flue gas should be increased. Achieving synergy between energy efficiency and economy within real-time constraints;

[0035] When optimizing the algorithm, the equivalent heat power ratio of the three heat sources is set to the following range: electricity 40%–70%, flue gas 20%–50%, and hot air 10%–30%, to ensure that the equipment capacity and heat exchange capacity are within the constraints.

[0036] Preferably, in step S3, the flue gas flow rate and temperature are optimized through the flue gas flow regulation system within the constrained range. The temperature ranges from 350°C to 500°C. Adjustment within the range of 1000 m³ / h to 5000 m³ / h and To achieve power distribution The execution must meet the graded temperature control requirements from the drying section to the steady-state section. Require;

[0037] The temperature control follows a "gradual increase - steady increase - limited slope" trajectory: limiting the temperature in the drying section. To suppress coking; the pyrolysis section maintains a bandwidth of ±3℃; the steady-state section allows for small fluctuations of ±5℃ to improve oil and gas yield.

[0038] Preferably, in step S4, the fast closed-loop correction adopts a PID control algorithm, which consists of an inner loop and an outer loop;

[0039] The outer loop uses the temperature graded trajectory as the control target, and defines the temperature error as follows: The outer-loop PID controller outputs the rate of change of total equivalent heat power based on this error. It is used to correct the total heat input so that the furnace temperature dynamically tracks the target temperature gradation trajectory;

[0040] The inner ring is the heat source distribution layer, calculated from the outer ring. As input, the power allocated to each heat source is determined according to the following formula:

[0041] ,

[0042] in, The feedforward reference obtained in step S2 K is the distribution matrix gain, used to correct the output of each heat source based on the feedback error; This is due to furnace pressure deviation; The temperature gradient deviation along the furnace length is represented by K. When the flue gas or hot air has a low marginal energy cost, the controller automatically increases its output ratio through the weight of K to achieve dynamic energy efficiency optimization.

[0043] Preferably, in step S4, the rapid closed-loop correction follows the safety boundary conditions of furnace temperature 350°C to 650°C and furnace pressure 0.5 bar to 3 bar.

[0044] The beneficial effects obtained by adopting the above technical solution are as follows:

[0045] (1) This invention integrates the storage of surplus power from power plants, the recovery of waste heat from flue gas and the supply of hot air to form a multi-heat source synergistic input in waste tire pyrolysis. The surplus power "flue gas" and "hot air" in the multi-heat source are both derived from the hot end coupling with the power plant boiler, so that the surplus energy of the power plant can be used for a second time, avoiding the dependence of waste tire pyrolysis on a single heat source of fossil fuels and improving the overall energy utilization efficiency.

[0046] (2) The device and method of the present invention have the functions of heat source input regulation and flue gas flow regulation. Through multi-parameter dynamic regulation technology, the heat source input ratio can be dynamically adjusted according to the real-time working conditions to meet the graded temperature control requirements to ensure product quality. At the same time, the heat source energy consumption cost and carbon emission cost are optimized, realizing the synergy of energy efficiency and economy. Attached Figure Description

[0047] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the waste tire pyrolysis device with multi-heat source synergistic control according to the present invention.

[0048] The diagram is labeled as follows: 1. Pyrolysis furnace; 2. Residual power storage system; 3. Heat source input control system; 4. Flue gas flow regulation system; 5. Real-time monitoring system; 6. Multi-parameter control module. Detailed Implementation

[0049] The technical solution of the present invention will now be described more clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0050] like Figure 1 As shown, a waste tire pyrolysis device with multi-heat source coordinated control includes a pyrolysis furnace, a residual power storage system, a heat source input control system, a flue gas flow regulation system, a real-time monitoring system, and a multi-parameter control module. The residual power storage system is connected to the heat source input control system via a cable. The flue gas flow regulation system transports flue gas from the boiler to the heat source input control system via a pipeline. The heat source input control system is also connected to a hot air source. The heat source input control system transports electrical energy, flue gas, and hot air to the pyrolysis furnace via cables or pipelines. The real-time monitoring system is connected to the multi-parameter control module via a data transmission line to transmit feedback monitoring data in real time. The multi-parameter control module is connected to the heat source input control system via a data transmission line to transmit regulation and control data in real time.

[0051] The pyrolysis furnace is used for the pyrolysis of waste tires and has temperature control and pressure regulation functions, and can withstand high-temperature environments.

[0052] The surplus power storage system is used to store surplus power from the power plant during peak shaving, ensuring a stable heat source when load fluctuates or energy supply is insufficient.

[0053] The heat source input control system is used to adjust the input ratio of different heat sources, including surplus power from the power plant, flue gas, and hot air.

[0054] The flue gas flow regulation system is used to regulate the flue gas flow direction, flow rate and temperature to ensure uniform heat distribution in the pyrolysis furnace.

[0055] The real-time monitoring system is used to collect various data during the waste tire pyrolysis process and feed them back to the multi-parameter control module in real time.

[0056] The multi-parameter control module is used to monitor data in real time, automatically adjust the heat source input ratio, and optimize the temperature and pressure during the pyrolysis process to ensure product quality.

[0057] Example:

[0058] This embodiment provides a waste tire pyrolysis method with multi-heat source synergistic control, implemented based on the aforementioned waste tire pyrolysis device with multi-heat source synergistic control.

[0059] 1. Equipment Configuration and Parameters

[0060] (1) Pyrolysis furnace

[0061] Model: HTH-2000 Rotary Kiln Pyrolysis Furnace

[0062] Parameters: Rated temperature: 650℃ (temperature control accuracy ±3℃)

[0063] Rated pressure: 2.5 bar (pressure adjustment range 0.5–3 bar)

[0064] Processing capacity: 2 t / h waste tires

[0065] Structure: Double-layer jacket design, with an inner layer of refractory bricks and an outer layer of insulation.

[0066] (2) Residual Electricity Storage System

[0067] Energy storage device: Lithium battery pack (total capacity 1500 kWh, output power 220 kW)

[0068] Configuration: 20 lithium iron phosphate battery modules, 75 kWh per module, supporting 6–8 hours of continuous power supply.

[0069] Connection method: Connect to the heat source input control system via a 380V cable.

[0070] (3) Heat source input control system

[0071] Core components:

[0072] Flow control valve: Electric butterfly valve (DN200, flow range 1000–5000 m³ / h)

[0073] Temperature control device: PID controller (adjustment range 200–700℃)

[0074] Pressure control device: Pneumatic regulating valve (pressure range 0.5–3 bar)

[0075] Heat source interface:

[0076] Power interface: 380V three-phase power input

[0077] Flue gas connection: DN300 pipe connected to boiler flue gas outlet

[0078] Hot air interface: DN250 pipe connection to air preheater

[0079] (4) Flue gas flow regulation system

[0080] Components:

[0081] Flue gas diversion duct: made of stainless steel, inner diameter 300 mm, length 15 m

[0082] Adjustable fan: Variable frequency centrifugal fan (air volume range 1000–5000 m³ / h, power 15 kW)

[0083] Heat exchanger: Plate heat exchanger (heat exchange area 50 m², efficiency η) HX =0.85)

[0084] Adjustment logic:

[0085] The fan speed is controlled by a frequency converter to regulate the flue gas flow and temperature.

[0086] (5) Real-time monitoring system

[0087] Sensor configuration:

[0088] Temperature sensor: Type K thermocouple (accuracy ±3℃, placed at the feed inlet, middle section, and discharge outlet of the pyrolysis furnace)

[0089] Pressure sensor: Piezoresistive sensor (accuracy ±0.1 bar, located at the top and bottom of the furnace)

[0090] Airflow rate sensor: Vortex flow meter (accuracy ±2%, installed in flue gas duct)

[0091] Data acquisition: PLC system (sampling frequency 1000 times / second, storage period 1 second)

[0092] (6) Multi-parameter control module

[0093] Hardware: Industrial computer (Intel i7 processor, 16GB memory)

[0094] Software: An optimization control platform developed based on LabVIEW, integrating a weighted linear programming algorithm.

[0095] Algorithm parameters:

[0096] Energy price weighting: Electricity cost 0.6 yuan / kWh, flue gas waste heat cost 0.2 yuan / kWh, and hot air cost 0.3 yuan / kWh.

[0097] Carbon emission weights: 0.8 kgCO2 / kWh for electricity and 0.3 kgCO2 / kWh for waste heat from flue gas.

[0098] Constraints:

[0099] Electricity accounts for 40%–70%, flue gas accounts for 20%–50%, and hot air accounts for 10%–30%.

[0100] Temperature grading trajectory: drying section ≤ 2℃ / min temperature increase, pyrolysis section ± 3℃ fluctuation, steady-state section allows ± 5℃ fluctuation.

[0101] 2. Implementation steps and operations

[0102] Step S1: Residual power storage and main heat source input

[0103] During peak shaving periods at the power plant, the lithium battery pack stores the remaining electricity (1500 kWh), which is then converted into 380V AC power by an inverter and input into the electric heating system of the pyrolysis furnace.

[0104] Initial stage: Electricity provides 80% of the heat load (Q) el→th =0.95×220 kW=209 kW), with flue gas and hot air serving as auxiliary heat sources.

[0105] Step S2: Optimization of equivalent heat power ratio for multiple heat sources

[0106] Data collection:

[0107] Flue gas parameters: m g =3000 m³ / h, T g =450℃, c p,g =1.05 kJ / (kg·K) (Smoke gas density 1.2 kg / m³)

[0108] Hot air parameters: m a =1500 m³ / h, T a =200℃, c p,a =1.02 kJ / (kg·K) (air density 1.0 kg / m³)

[0109] Reference temperature: T ref =150℃

[0110] Conversion calculation:

[0111] Equivalent thermal power of flue gas: Q g =3000×1.2×1.05×(450–150)×0.85=963.9 kW

[0112] Hot air equivalent thermal power: Q a =1500×1.0×1.02×(200–150)×0.85=65.025 kW

[0113] Total thermal power: Q tot =209 + 963.9 + 65.025 = 1237.925 kW

[0114] Optimize the ratio:

[0115] When the objective function J is minimized, u el =0.55, u g =0.35, u a =0.10

[0116] Adjustment results: Power output 680.86 kW, flue gas output 433.27 kW, hot air output 123.79 kW

[0117] Step S3: Graded temperature control of flue gas flow rate and temperature

[0118] Drying section (0–1 h):

[0119] Objective: Limit |dT / dt| ≤ 2℃ / min to increase furnace temperature from 150℃ to 300℃.

[0120] Adjustment: Flue gas flow rate (m) g =2000 m³ / h, temperature T g =350℃

[0121] Pyrolysis section (1–4 h):

[0122] Objective: Maintain furnace temperature at 500℃±3℃

[0123] Adjustment: Flue gas flow rate (m) g =3500 m³ / h, temperature T g =450℃

[0124] Steady-state period (4–8 h):

[0125] Objective: To achieve a furnace temperature of 600℃±5℃ and increase oil and gas production.

[0126] Adjustment: Flue gas flow rate (m) g =4000 m³ / h, temperature T g =500℃

[0127] Step S4: Rapid closed-loop correction and dynamic optimization

[0128] Outer loop PID control:

[0129] Temperature error , when e T At 5℃, Q tot Increase by 10%

[0130] Inner ring heat source distribution:

[0131] The allocation matrix gain K=0.3, when the marginal cost of flue gas is lower than that of electricity, u g Increase by 5%

[0132] Safety boundary:

[0133] When the furnace temperature exceeds 650℃, the power input is automatically cut off, and the flue gas flow is increased to cool the furnace.

[0134] When the furnace pressure exceeds 3 bar, open the safety valve to release pressure.

[0135] 3. Implementation Results

[0136] This tire pyrolysis plant processes 50,000 tons of waste tires annually. The original pyrolysis unit relied on single-fuel heating, resulting in high energy costs and excessive carbon emissions. The effects of applying the multi-heat source coordinated control device and method of this invention are as follows:

[0137] Energy efficiency improvement: Overall thermal efficiency increased from 72% to 85%, and energy consumption per tire decreased by 18%;

[0138] Economic optimization: Pyrolysis cost decreased from 450 yuan / ton to 320 yuan / ton, resulting in annual cost savings of 6.5 million yuan;

[0139] Environmental benefits: Carbon emissions are reduced by 22%, meeting the national ultra-low emission standards;

[0140] Product quality: The yield of cracked oil increased by 5%, and the fixed carbon content of carbon black increased from 78% to 85%.

Claims

1. A waste tire pyrolysis device with multi-heat source synergistic control, characterized in that, The system includes a pyrolysis furnace, a residual power storage system, a heat source input control system, a flue gas flow regulation system, a real-time monitoring system, and a multi-parameter control module. The residual power storage system is connected to the heat source input control system via a cable. The flue gas flow regulation system transports flue gas from the boiler to the heat source input control system via a pipeline. The heat source input control system is also connected to a hot air source. The heat source input control system transports electrical energy, flue gas, and hot air to the pyrolysis furnace via cables or pipelines. The real-time monitoring system is connected to the multi-parameter control module via a data transmission line, and the multi-parameter control module is connected to the heat source input control system via a data transmission line. The pyrolysis furnace is used for the pyrolysis of waste tires and has temperature control and pressure regulation functions, and can withstand high-temperature environments. The surplus power storage system is used to store surplus power from the power plant during peak shaving, ensuring a stable heat source when load fluctuates or energy supply is insufficient. The heat source input control system is used to adjust the input ratio of different heat sources, including surplus power from the power plant, flue gas, and hot air. The flue gas flow regulation system is used to regulate the flue gas flow direction, flow rate and temperature to ensure uniform heat distribution in the pyrolysis furnace. The real-time monitoring system is used to collect various data during the waste tire pyrolysis process and feed them back to the multi-parameter control module in real time. The multi-parameter control module is used to monitor data in real time, automatically adjust the heat source input ratio, and optimize the temperature and pressure during the pyrolysis process to ensure product quality.

2. The waste tire pyrolysis apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The remaining power storage system includes lithium batteries, lead-acid batteries or other energy storage devices, with a storage capacity of 1200-2000 kWh, providing 200-250 kW of power, and a continuous supply time of 6-8 hours.

3. The waste tire pyrolysis apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat source input control system is equipped with a flow regulating valve, a temperature control device, and a pressure control device; the flue gas flow control system includes a flue gas guide pipe, an adjustable fan, and a heat exchanger.

4. The waste tire pyrolysis apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The real-time monitoring system includes a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, and an airflow rate sensor, with monitoring accuracies of ±3°C, ±0.1 bar, and ±2%, respectively. The data acquisition frequency is 900–1100 times / second, and feedback adjustment is performed through the multi-parameter control module.

5. A method for pyrolysis of waste tires with multi-heat source synergistic control, implemented based on the pyrolysis apparatus as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: Use the surplus power stored in the power plant's peak-shaving system as the main heat source for the pyrolysis process, and provide a stable energy input to the pyrolysis furnace through the battery pack or other energy storage devices; Step S2: Based on operating conditions, energy prices, boiler load and constraints, the optimal input ratio of equivalent thermal power of remaining electricity, flue gas and hot air is calculated using a multi-parameter control module, and the input is adjusted through a heat source input control system; the optimal input ratio of equivalent thermal power is the heat source input ratio that minimizes the overall cost under process constraints. Step S3: Based on the equivalent thermal power input ratio adjustment result of step S2, sub-level adjustment is performed through the flue gas flow regulation system to adjust the flue gas flow rate and temperature so that the heating temperature of the pyrolysis furnace meets the temperature graded trajectory control requirements and ensures that the temperature distribution of the pyrolysis furnace is consistent with the dynamic trajectory. Step S4: The temperature, pressure and airflow rate deviations inside the pyrolysis furnace are continuously monitored by the real-time monitoring system. The data is fed back to the multi-parameter control module. The target trajectory is compared with the real-time measurement value to implement rapid closed-loop correction. The equivalent heat power input ratio of the heat source is adjusted to offset the disturbances caused by material fluctuations and boiler load fluctuations, and to maintain the stability inside the furnace.

6. The waste tire pyrolysis method according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S2, the formula for uniformly converting the remaining electrical power P, the mass flow rate m_g and temperature T_g of the flue gas, and the mass flow rate m_a and T_a of the hot air into the equivalent thermal power Q_eq (kW) is as follows: Remaining electricity conversion: ; in The electro-thermal conversion efficiency or electric heating element efficiency is ≥0.95; Flue gas conversion: ; Hot air conversion: ; Equivalent heat power ratio of heat source: , , ,and ; In the formula, The mass flow rate of flue gas is (kg / s). Hot air mass flow rate (kg / s); , The specific heat at constant pressure of flue gas and air (kJ / (kg·K)) are respectively. , The temperature of the flue gas and hot air (K); Reference temperature (K); For heat exchange efficiency; The equivalent total heat power (kW) of the three heat sources.

7. The waste tire pyrolysis method according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S2, the process constraints are: temperature grading trajectory, furnace pressure, and tar quality; the comprehensive cost function is: The first item is to ensure temperature stability, the second item is the energy consumption cost corresponding to the three heat sources, the third item is the carbon emission cost, and the fourth item is the product quality deviation (such as oil fractionation index and carbon fixed carbon). The multi-parameter control module employs a static optimization algorithm based on weighted linear programming, comprehensively considering energy price weights and the availability of boiler waste heat to obtain the objective function. Minimum optimal heat source ratio: in, When the boiler load is low or the electricity price is low, the algorithm automatically increases the proportion of electricity used. When there is sufficient waste heat from the flue gas or the electricity price is high, the proportion of flue gas should be increased. Achieving synergy between energy efficiency and economy within real-time constraints; When optimizing the algorithm, the equivalent heat power ratio of the three heat sources is set to the following range: electricity 40%–70%, flue gas 20%–50%, and hot air 10%–30%, to ensure that the equipment capacity and heat exchange capacity are within the constraints.

8. The waste tire pyrolysis method according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S3, the flue gas flow rate and temperature are optimized through the flue gas flow regulation system within the constrained range. The temperature ranges from 350°C to 500°C. Adjustment within the range of 1000 m³ / h to 5000 m³ / h and To achieve power distribution The execution must meet the graded temperature control requirements from the drying section to the steady-state section. Require; The temperature-grading trajectory control follows a "gradual increase - steady increase - limited slope" trajectory control: limiting the drying section... To suppress coking; the pyrolysis section maintains a bandwidth of ±3℃; the steady-state section allows for small fluctuations of ±5℃ to improve oil and gas yield.

9. The waste tire pyrolysis method according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S4, the fast closed-loop correction adopts a PID control algorithm, which consists of an inner loop and an outer loop; The outer loop uses the temperature graded trajectory as the control target, and defines the temperature error as follows: ; The outer-loop PID controller outputs the rate of change of total equivalent heat power based on this error: It is used to correct the total heat input so that the furnace temperature dynamically tracks the target temperature gradation trajectory; The inner ring is the heat source distribution layer, calculated from the outer ring. As input, the power allocated to each heat source is determined according to the following formula: ， in, The feedforward reference obtained in step S2 K is the distribution matrix gain, used to correct the output of each heat source based on the feedback error; This is due to furnace pressure deviation; The temperature gradient deviation along the furnace length is represented by K. When the flue gas or hot air has a low marginal energy cost, the controller automatically increases its output ratio through the weight of K to achieve dynamic energy efficiency optimization.

10. The waste tire pyrolysis method according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S4, the rapid closed-loop correction follows the safety boundary conditions of furnace temperature 350°C to 650°C and furnace pressure 0.5 bar to 3 bar.

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