Method and device for testing circulation of electron beam of gyrotron system

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of gyrotron adjustment, and particularly discloses a gyrotron system electron beam circulation test method and device. The method is applied to the gyrotron system, the gyrotron system comprises a gyrotron body, the gyrotron body comprises an electron gun area, a resonant cavity area and a collector area, and the method comprises the following steps: when the gyrotron system is in a running state and the gyrotron body meets a first resistance balance condition, starting the electron gun area; respectively acquiring first current data of ground diversion of the collector region and second current data of ground diversion of the electron gun region; performing comparative analysis according to the first current data and the second current data, and determining an electron beam circulation test result of the gyrotron system; wherein the first resistance balance condition is that the sum of the resistances of the collector region and the ground diversion loop is equal to the sum of the resistances of the resonant cavity region, the electron gun region and the ground diversion loop of the electron gun region. According to the invention, the precision of the electron beam circulation test result can be greatly improved, the test effect is stable, and the economic cost is low.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of gyrotube adjustment technology, and more specifically, relates to a method and apparatus for testing the electronic flow rate of a gyrotube system. Background Technology

[0002] As the most promising high-power microwave source in the millimeter and submillimeter wave bands, gyrotrons are widely used in new medical technologies, nuclear fusion reactors, and high-precision fields (such as electron spin resonance spectrometers and dynamic nuclear polarization systems). The principle is based on the mechanism of electron cyclotron resonance pulsator (ECM), in which a ring electron beam generated by a magnetron-controlled injection electron gun (MIG) interacts with electromagnetic waves in an open resonant cavity to output electromagnetic waves.

[0003] The normal operation of a gyrotron requires the smooth flow of electron beams emitted from the electron gun, passing through the electron gun region and interacting with high-frequency electromagnetic waves within the resonant cavity before being collected by the collector. The smooth interaction between the high-frequency field and the electrons is directly related to the smooth flow of the electron beam; if the electron beam deviates from its ideal trajectory during its movement and strikes the gyrotron wall before reaching the collector, it will affect the beam-wave interaction efficiency and even jeopardize the stable operation of the gyrotron. Therefore, electron beam flow testing of gyrotron systems is of great significance.

[0004] Currently, infrared thermography is used to test electron flow in gyrotron systems. This method determines the location and density of electrons captured by the collector electrode by measuring its temperature. However, this method is greatly affected by ambient temperature, and gyrotrons typically operate in environments with strong magnetic fields and extremely low temperatures, which can easily lead to low accuracy in electron flow test results.

[0005] Therefore, how to better achieve electronic flow testing of gyrotube systems has become a technical problem that the industry urgently needs to solve. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of this application is to better realize the electronic flow test of the gyrotube system, and to solve the problem of low accuracy of the electronic flow test results of the gyrotube system in the prior art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, in a first aspect, this application provides a method for testing the electron flow rate of a gyrotron system, which is applied to a gyrotron system, the gyrotron system comprising a gyrotron body, the gyrotron body comprising an electron gun region, a resonant cavity region, and a collector region, the electron gun region and the collector region being grounded respectively, the method comprising: When the gyrotron system is in operation and the gyrotron body satisfies the first resistance balance condition, the first current data of the collecting electrode region to ground and the second current data of the electron gun region to ground are acquired respectively. Based on the comparative analysis of the first current data and the second current data, the electron flow test results of the gyrotube system are determined. Wherein, the first resistance balance condition is that the sum of the resistance of the collecting electrode region and its ground-directing circuit is equal to the sum of the resistances of the resonant cavity region, the electron gun region, and the ground-directing circuit of the electron gun region.

[0008] Optionally, the step of comparing and analyzing the first current data and the second current data to determine the electron flow test result of the gyrotube system includes: Determine a first ratio between the second current data and the first current data; When it is determined that the first ratio meets the preset safety threshold range, the electronic flow test result of the gyrotube system is output as normal.

[0009] Optionally, after determining the first ratio of the second current data and the first current data, the method further includes: When it is determined that the first ratio is greater than the upper limit of the preset safety threshold range, the resistance of the collecting electrode region to ground guide circuit and the resistance of the electron gun region to ground guide circuit are adjusted to meet the second resistance balance condition. The first current data of the ground conduction of the collecting electrode region and the second current data of the ground conduction of the electron gun region are obtained respectively. Based on the second ratio of the second current data and the first current data, the electron flow test result of the gyrotube system is determined; The second resistance balance condition is that the sum of the resistances of the resonant cavity region, the collecting electrode region, and the ground-directing circuit of the collecting electrode region is equal to the sum of the resistances of the electron gun region and its ground-directing circuit.

[0010] Optionally, determining the electron flow test result of the gyrotron system based on the second ratio of the second current data and the first current data includes: When it is determined that the second ratio meets the preset safety threshold range, the electron flow test result of the gyrotube system is output as the electron beam landing point is located in the resonant cavity region. When the second ratio is determined to be greater than the upper limit of the preset safety threshold range, the electron flow test result of the gyrotube system is output as the electron injection landing point being located in the electron gun region.

[0011] Optionally, a target metal layer is provided on the inner wall of the resonant cavity region of the gyro tube body, and the conductivity of the target metal layer is not less than the conductivity of the metal layer of the gyro tube body.

[0012] Optionally, metal clamps are fixed on the outer walls of the electron gun region and the collector electrode region at both ends of the gyro tube body. Each metal clamp is connected to a ground wire, and the two ground wires are connected to ground respectively. A resistance compensation module and a current sensor are connected to each ground wire. The resistance compensation module is used to adjust the resistance of the electron gun region or the collector region to ground conduction circuit; the current sensor is used to collect the first current data of the collector region to ground conduction or the second current data of the electron gun region to ground conduction.

[0013] Optionally, the two grounding wires are made of the same material and have the same dimensions, and the sum of the resistances of the two grounding wires is less than the equivalent resistance of the gyro tube body to ground.

[0014] Secondly, this application provides an electron flow testing device for a gyrotube system, which is applied to a gyrotube system. The gyrotube system includes a gyrotube body, which includes an electron gun region, a resonant cavity region, and a collector region. The electron gun region and the collector region are respectively grounded. The device includes: The data acquisition module is used to acquire the first current data of the collecting electrode region to ground and the second current data of the electron gun region to ground when the gyrotron system is in operation and the gyrotron body meets the first resistance balance condition. The test analysis module is used to compare and analyze the first current data and the second current data to determine the electron flow test results of the gyrotube system; Wherein, the first resistance balance condition is that the sum of the resistance of the collecting electrode region and its ground-directing circuit is equal to the sum of the resistances of the resonant cavity region, the electron gun region, and the ground-directing circuit of the electron gun region.

[0015] Thirdly, this application provides an electronic device, comprising: at least one memory for storing a program; and at least one processor for executing the program stored in the memory, wherein when the program stored in the memory is executed, the processor is configured to execute the method described in the first aspect or any possible implementation thereof.

[0016] Fourthly, this application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when run on a processor, causes the processor to perform the method described in the first aspect or any possible implementation thereof.

[0017] Fifthly, this application provides a computer program product that, when run on a processor, causes the processor to perform the method described in the first aspect or any possible implementation thereof.

[0018] It is understood that the beneficial effects of the second to fifth aspects mentioned above can be found in the relevant descriptions in the first aspect mentioned above, and will not be repeated here.

[0019] Overall, the technical solutions conceived in this application have the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art: This application provides a method and apparatus for testing the electron beam flow in a gyrotron system. By combining the technical principles of the gyrotron system and the characteristics of its electron beam motion, a test method for determining the landing point of the electron beam trajectory is designed. Under the condition that the entire electrical test circuit meets the designed resistance balance, the current conducted to ground in the electron gun region and the current conducted to ground in the collecting electrode region are collected in real time, and the two types of current data are compared and analyzed. This enables accurate determination of the landing point of the electron beam trajectory, greatly improving the accuracy of the electron beam flow test results. Moreover, the test effect is stable and the economic cost is low. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is one of the flowcharts illustrating the electronic flow test method for a gyrotube system provided in this application embodiment; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an existing gyrotube system provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the electronic flow test circuit of the gyrotube system provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 4 This is the second schematic flowchart of the electronic flow test method for the gyrotube system provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic flow test device for the gyrotube system provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic device provided in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0022] The terms "first" and "second," etc., used in the specification and claims of this application are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a specific order of objects. For example, "first resistance balance condition" and "second resistance balance condition," etc., are used to distinguish different resistance balance conditions, not to describe a specific order of resistance balance conditions.

[0023] In the embodiments of this application, the terms "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate that something is an example, illustration, or description. Any embodiment or design that is described as "exemplary" or "for example" in the embodiments of this application should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or design. Specifically, the use of the terms "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a specific manner.

[0024] It should be noted that when the gyrotube system is working, the hollow electron beam emitted by the electron gun in the gyrotube forms a collimated hollow "electron channel" under the constraint of a strong magnetic field: electrons rotate at high speed along the direction of the magnetic field lines at a certain axial velocity and a certain gyroscopic frequency within the cross-section. If the magnetic field configuration, microwave mode, and beam parameters are well matched, the electron beam will maintain a safe distance from the cavity wall throughout the entire interaction region, transferring most of its transverse kinetic energy to the electromagnetic waves through the gyropulsion mechanism, and finally being absorbed by the collecting pole decelerator, thus achieving "complete electron beam flow". When the magnetic field is non-uniform or parasitic modes appear in the cavity, the radial balance of the electron beam is broken, the beam envelope drifts, and the electron beam will be intercepted by the cavity prematurely, affecting the normal operation of the gyrotube.

[0025] Currently, in gyrotron systems, after the electron beam is emitted, it passes through the electron gun region and is captured by a step-down collector after being transduced by high-frequency electromagnetic waves in the resonant cavity. There is no optical window or probe interface for directly observing the electron trajectory. The cavity is in an ultra-high vacuum state, and any inserted probe or sensor will disrupt the vacuum and introduce disturbances, affecting the electron beam motion. Therefore, visualization using conventional particle imaging techniques is impossible. This poses a significant challenge to determining whether the electron beam is flowing smoothly within the gyrotron.

[0026] In existing technologies, there are also researches on fluorescence-based testing methods, which determine the electron beam flow in a gyroscope by observing the electron beam spot in the output window. However, these methods typically require the fabrication of specially made sample tubes without a voltage-dropping collector, which is costly and the test results are significantly affected by fabrication errors, resulting in unstable results. Therefore, to address the aforementioned technical shortcomings, this application provides a method for testing the electron beam flow in a gyroscope system.

[0027] The embodiments of this application are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of the electron flow test method for a gyrotron system provided in an embodiment of this application. The method can be applied to a gyrotron system, which includes a gyrotron body. The gyrotron body includes an electron gun region, a resonant cavity region, and a collector region. The electron gun region and the collector region are grounded, as shown below. Figure 1 As shown, the method includes: Step S1: When the gyrotron system is in operation and the gyrotron body meets the first resistance balance condition, the first current data of the collecting electrode region to ground and the second current data of the electron gun region to ground are acquired respectively. Step S2: Based on the comparison and analysis of the first current data and the second current data, determine the electron flow test results of the gyrotube system; The first resistance balance condition is that the sum of the resistances of the collecting electrode region and its ground-directing circuit is equal to the sum of the resistances of the resonant cavity region, the electron gun region, and the electron gun region's ground-directing circuit.

[0029] Specifically, the first resistance balance condition described in the embodiments of this application is that, in the electron flow test circuit of the gyrotron system, the sum of the resistances of the collecting electrode region of the gyrotron body and the collecting electrode region to ground conduction circuit is equal to the sum of the resistances of the resonant cavity region, electron gun region and electron gun region to ground conduction circuit of the gyrotron.

[0030] Understandably, the first current data is the magnitude of the current flowing to ground from the collecting pole region of the gyrotron system, while the second current data is the magnitude of the current flowing to ground from the electron gun region of the gyrotron system.

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an existing gyrotube system provided in the embodiments of this application, as shown below. Figure 2 As shown, the gyrotron system includes: a gyrotron body 1, a gyrotron power supply system (not shown in the figure), and a magnet system 2. The magnetron gun uses a traditional hot cathode, and the cathode type is barium scandate tungsten cathode, which has a high emission current density. The power supply system can consist of a filament power supply and a gyrotron high-voltage power supply. The filament power supply can use an alternating current source to provide a stable heating current, and the gyrotron high-voltage power supply can use a capacitor-based high-voltage pulse power supply to generate an accelerating electric field between the anode and cathode of the gyrotron. The magnet system can consist of a wound-rotor pulse magnet and a pulse magnet power supply.

[0032] In the embodiments of this application, the test circuit needs to be prepared in advance before conducting the electron beam flow test of the gyrotron system. Research and analysis show that the normal operation of the gyrotron requires the smooth flow of the electron beam emitted from the electron gun. If the electron beam deviates from the ideal trajectory during its movement, it will hit the gyrotron wall before reaching the collector electrode. Therefore, the gyrotron body can be designed as a metallic material, and the current data of the tube body conducting to ground can be collected and analyzed.

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the electronic flow test circuit of the gyrotube system provided in the embodiments of this application, as shown below. Figure 3As shown in the embodiments of this application, a target metal layer 100 is provided on the inner wall of the resonant cavity region in the gyro tube body 1, and the conductivity of the target metal layer 100 is not less than the conductivity of the metal layer 200 in the gyro tube body 1.

[0034] Specifically, for a terahertz gyroscope operating at approximately 1 THz, the gyroscope body is mainly divided into three parts: the electron gun region, the resonant cavity region, and the collector electrode region. The high-rate-of-change pulsed strong magnetic field induces eddy currents in the metal body of the gyroscope. Stainless steel, a low-conductivity metal, is chosen for the overall body of the gyroscope to avoid deformation of the cavity or distortion of the magnetic field configuration. Inside the resonant cavity, electron beams excite terahertz waves. Due to the spatial distribution requirements of the operating electromagnetic wave mode, the surface current density of the resonant cavity is high, resulting in significant ohmic losses.

[0035] To reduce electromagnetic losses, minimize ohmic losses, and improve operating efficiency, a target metal layer can be provided on the inner wall of the resonant cavity region within the gyrotron body. The conductivity of the target metal layer is not less than that of the gyrotron body's metal layer. More specifically, the resonant cavity structure of the gyrotron can adopt an oxygen-free copper-stainless steel composite metal structure, where the target metal layer on the inner wall of the resonant cavity region is a thin layer of oxygen-free copper, and the outer side is the gyrotron body's metal layer, which is a thick layer of stainless steel.

[0036] Here, oxygen-free copper has extremely high electrical conductivity (approximately 5.8 × 10⁻⁶). 7 Oxygen-free copper, with a conductivity of approximately 1.4 × 10⁻⁶ S / m, can be used as the inner material of the resonant cavity to minimize the surface resistance caused by high-frequency electromagnetic fields, thereby reducing ohmic losses and improving interaction efficiency. However, as a high-conductivity metal, oxygen-free copper generates a strong eddy current effect in a pulsed magnetic field environment, leading to magnetic field configuration distortion and cavity heating. Stainless steel has a lower conductivity (approximately 1.4 × 10⁻⁶ S / m). 6 S / m), as an outer layer material, can effectively suppress eddy current intensity, maintain magnetic field configuration stability, and provide sufficient mechanical strength to avoid cavity deformation or magnetic field configuration distortion.

[0037] In the embodiments of this application, in addition to the oxygen-free copper-stainless steel composite structure, other material options may also be considered, such as pure oxygen-free copper structure, pure stainless steel structure, silver-plated structure, copper-titanium composite structure, etc.

[0038] Therefore, through in-depth analysis of the technical principles of the gyrotube system and the motion characteristics of its electron beam, this application proposes the following structure for the electron beam flow test circuit of the gyrotube system.

[0039] Continue to refer to Figure 3 ,like Figure 3As shown in the embodiment of this application, metal clamps 11 are fixed on the outer wall of the electron gun region and the collector electrode region at both ends of the gyrotube body 1. Each metal clamp 11 is connected to a ground wire (represented as L1 and L2 respectively). The two ground wires are connected to ground respectively, and each ground wire is connected to a resistance compensation module 12 and a current sensor 13. The resistance compensation module 12 is used to adjust the resistance of the electron gun region or the collector region to ground conduction circuit; the current sensor 13 is used to collect the first current data of the collector region to ground conduction or the second current data of the electron gun region to ground conduction.

[0040] Specifically, in the embodiments of this application, the specific implementation of grounding the electron gun region and the collector region can be as follows: the metal clamps used are respectively installed in the cavity near the entrance of the electron gun region and the cavity near the end of the collector region at the upper and lower ends of the gyrotube. The inner surface of the clamp has a conductive pad (such as a copper or silver pad), and there is a terminal on the metal ring for connecting the high-precision resistor compensation module and reliably grounded through the current-conducting ground wire.

[0041] In the embodiments of this application, a resistance compensation module and a current sensor are connected in series on the grounding wires of the two end-to-ground loops, respectively. Specifically, the resistance compensation module can be a high-precision resistance adjustment device, and the current sensor can be a high-precision current sensor. Specifically, the current sensor can be a closed-loop Hall sensor with a range of 0~±1A, a resolution ≤10µA, and a bandwidth ≥100kHz; the high-precision resistance adjustment device can be a milliohm rheostat with a variation range of 0-10mΩ and a resolution of 20μΩ.

[0042] Based on the above embodiments, as an optional embodiment, the two ground wires are made of the same material and have the same size, and the sum of the resistances of the two ground wires is less than the equivalent resistance of the gyrotube body to ground.

[0043] Specifically, to ensure the accuracy of the "current proximity" principle, when the milliohm rheostat is set to 0, the two ground wires are made of the same material and have the same dimensions, and the sum of the resistances of the two ground wires is less than the equivalent resistance of the gyrotube body to ground. Specifically, refer to... Figure 3 Test circuit structure, resistance of ground wire L1 with clamp. Resistance of ground wire L2 The total resistance must be less than the equivalent resistance of the gyrotube body to ground. This constraint takes into account the resistance of the metal clamp connections and the wires, which can improve the accuracy of beam landing point determination when the electron beam bombards the cyclotron cavity wall.

[0044] In the embodiments of this application, the resistance compensation module on the ground-to-collection current-conducting loop on the collecting electrode side can be used to adjust the resistance of the ground-to-collection current-conducting loop. , To collect the resistance of the electrode-side resistance compensation module after adjustment; the resistance compensation module on the electron gun-side ground-to-ground current-conducting loop can be used to adjust the resistance of the electron gun-side ground-to-ground current-conducting loop. , The resistance of the electron gun area is adjusted by the resistance compensation module on one side.

[0045] Understandably, the current sensor on the ground-to-ground current-conducting loop on the collecting pole side can be used to collect the first current data of the ground-to-ground current of the collecting pole; the current sensor on the ground-to-ground current-conducting loop on the electron gun side can be used to collect the second current data of the ground-to-ground current of the electron gun.

[0046] The method in this application fully considers the working principle and material properties of the gyrotron system, and incorporates the gyrotron body into the circuit structure of the ground-directing loop. This allows for the design of an electronic flow test circuit for the gyrotron system. The test circuit structure is ingenious and can provide a reliable test platform for the electronic flow test of the gyrotron system, thereby improving test accuracy and reliability.

[0047] Furthermore, in the embodiments of this application, in step S1, when the gyrotron system is in operation and the gyrotron body satisfies the first resistance balance condition, the first current data of the collecting electrode region's conduction to ground and the second current data of the electron gun region's conduction to ground can be collected by the current sensor installed on the circuit, thereby obtaining the first current data and the second current data respectively. Specifically, firstly, the resistance of the conduction circuits to ground of the electron gun region, the resonant cavity region, and the collecting electrode region is measured according to the gyrotron structural dimensions. , and After determining the specific location for the gyrotron, it is installed within the magnet aperture, and an electron flow test is performed. Then, the resistance of the end-resistance compensation module is adjusted. and This ensures that the sum of the resistances of the collecting electrode region and its ground-to-ground conduction loop equals the sum of the resistances of the resonant cavity region, the electron gun region, and the electron gun region's ground-to-ground conduction loop, thus satisfying the first resistance balance condition. ; Then, the current data of the polar region conducting to the ground and the current data of the electron gun region conducting to the ground can be acquired in real time.

[0048] It should be noted that when the gyrotron resonator is made of oxygen-free copper-stainless steel composite material, the entire gyrotron is made of stainless steel. Although stainless steel is a low-conductivity metal, it can still provide a path for the electron beam, and its conductivity gives the gyrotron body a certain resistance. Due to the structural characteristics of the gyrotron, the resistance is not uniformly distributed along its length; the current will flow along the path with lower resistance, and the resistance of the ground wire cannot be ignored. To accurately determine the electron beam flow and the location of the beam landing point, the resistance in a specified area must be strictly equal, satisfying relevant resistance balance conditions.

[0049] Furthermore, in the embodiments of this application, in step S2, the first current data and the second current data are compared and analyzed, specifically the ratio analysis method can be used to determine the electron flow test results of the gyrotube system.

[0050] Specifically, regardless of where the electron beam strikes the cavity wall, the vast majority of the wall current preferentially returns to ground through the loop with lower resistance, without being shunted through the tube body, thus maximizing the accuracy of the impact point positioning. If drift occurs in the inlet section near the electron gun region, excess electrons will prematurely bombard that section of the cavity wall, leading to a significant increase in the ground loop current connected to that region; if drift occurs in the outlet section near the collector electrode region, the bombardment position shifts backward, correspondingly increasing the ground loop current. Therefore, by monitoring and comparing the current data of the two loops in real time, the axial position of the electron beam "hitting the wall" can be quickly and non-invasively located, providing a direct basis for magnetic field correction or microwave mode control of the gyrotube system.

[0051] The electron beam current testing method for the gyrotron system in this application, through in-depth analysis of the technical principles of the gyrotron system and the motion characteristics of the electron beam, designs a test method for judging the landing point of the electron beam trajectory. Under the condition that the entire electrical test circuit meets the designed resistance balance, it collects the current conducted to ground in the electron gun area and the current conducted to ground in the collecting electrode area in real time, and compares and analyzes the two types of current data. This enables accurate judgment of the landing point of the electron beam trajectory, greatly improving the accuracy of the electron beam current testing results. Moreover, the test effect is stable and the economic cost is low.

[0052] Based on the above embodiments, as an optional embodiment, step S2, which involves comparing and analyzing the first current data and the second current data to determine the electron flow test results of the gyrotube system, includes: Determine the first ratio between the second current data and the first current data; When the first ratio is determined to meet the preset safety threshold range, the electronic flow test result of the output gyrotube system is normal.

[0053] Specifically, the first ratio described in the embodiments of this application refers to the ratio of the current data of the electron gun region flowing to ground to the current data of the collection electrode region flowing to ground under the condition of satisfying the first resistance balance.

[0054] The preset safety threshold range described in the embodiments of this application refers to a pre-set ratio threshold range. Specifically, it can take the value of... ,in, This represents the first ratio.

[0055] Here, it should be noted that, assuming the current data collected is the polar region's conduction to the ground, i.e., the first current data is expressed as follows: The current data of the electron gun region conducting to ground, i.e., the second current data, is expressed as follows: When the electron beam flows normally, the vast majority of electrons are captured by the collector; therefore, ideally... Approaching the total beam value, Approaching 0, the ratio is close to zero. In the embodiments of this application, considering the existence of a small number of stray electrons and measurement errors in the actual system, a preset safety threshold range can be set to 0 < ≤1.

[0056] In the embodiments of this application, after obtaining the first current data and the second current data under the condition of satisfying the first resistance balance, a first ratio of the second current data and the first current data can be further calculated. and according to The value and the electromagnetic radiation at that time can be used to determine the location of the electron beam's landing point. When the value is within the above-mentioned preset safety threshold range, the system output window shows electromagnetic radiation, indicating that the electron flow is in good condition. At this time, the test system can output the electron flow test result of the gyrotube system as normal, so that the tester can check the test results.

[0057] The method in this application embodiment monitors and collects the ratio between the current data of the electrode region to ground and the current data of the electron gun region to ground in real time under the condition of satisfying the preset resistance balance. When it is determined that the ratio meets the preset safety threshold range, it can accurately determine that the electron flow of the gyrotube system is normal and the test accuracy is high.

[0058] Based on the above embodiments, as an optional embodiment, after determining the first ratio of the second current data and the first current data, the method further includes: When the first ratio is determined to be greater than the upper limit of the preset safety threshold range, the resistance of the collection electrode region to ground conduction circuit and the resistance of the electron gun region to ground conduction circuit are adjusted to meet the second resistance balance condition. The first current data of the polar region conducting to the ground and the second current data of the electron gun region conducting to the ground were acquired respectively. Based on the second ratio of the second current data and the first current data, the electron flow test results of the gyrotube system are determined. The second resistance balance condition is that the sum of the resistances of the resonant cavity region, the collector region, and the collector region's ground-directing circuit is equal to the sum of the resistances of the electron gun region and its ground-directing circuit.

[0059] Specifically, the second resistance balance condition described in the embodiments of this application is that, in the electron flow test circuit of the gyrotron system, the sum of the resistances of the electron gun region of the gyrotron body and the electron gun region to ground conduction circuit is equal to the sum of the resistances of the resonant cavity region, the collector region, and the collector region to ground conduction circuit of the gyrotron.

[0060] The second ratio described in the embodiments of this application refers to the ratio between the current data of the electron gun region flowing to ground and the current data of the collecting electrode region flowing to ground under the condition of satisfying the second resistance balance.

[0061] In the embodiments of this application, first current data and second current data are obtained under the condition of satisfying the first resistance balance, and it is determined that the first ratio is greater than the upper limit of a preset safety threshold range, such as... A value greater than 1 indicates that a significant number of electrons are captured in the electron gun region or the resonant cavity region, and the electron beam landing point deviates from the design region. At this point, the resistance compensation modules at both ends can be adjusted to further determine whether the electron beam landing point is located in the electron gun region or the resonant cavity region.

[0062] More specifically, by adjusting the resistor compensation module at both ends, the sum of the resistances of the resonant cavity region, the collector region, and the collector region-to-ground current-conducting loop can be made equal to the sum of the resistances of the electron gun region and its-to-ground current-conducting loop, thus satisfying the second resistance balance condition, namely: ; Then, the first current data of the polar region conducting to ground and the second current data of the electron gun region conducting to ground are acquired again. Following the same method described above, the second ratio of the second current data to the first current data can be calculated, and based on this ratio, analysis and judgment can be performed to ultimately determine the electron beam flow test results of the gyrotron system, and to determine whether the electron beam landing point is located in the electron gun region or the resonant cavity region.

[0063] The method in this application embodiment, by deeply analyzing the motion trajectory characteristics of the electron beam, continues to adjust the resistance compensation modules at both ends when the electron beam landing point deviates from the design area, thereby introducing a second resistance balance condition for constraint and judgment. This can further effectively determine the specific position of the electron beam landing point after deviation and improve the accuracy of the test results.

[0064] Based on the above embodiments, as an optional embodiment, the electron flow test result of the gyrotron system is determined based on a second ratio of the first current data and the second current data, including: When the second ratio is determined to meet the preset safety threshold range, the electron flow test result of the output gyrotube system is that the electron beam landing point is located in the resonant cavity region. When the second ratio is determined to be greater than the upper limit of the preset safety threshold range, the electron flow test result of the output gyrotube system is that the electron beam landing point is located in the electron gun region.

[0065] Specifically, in the embodiments of this application, the first current data of the polar region's conduction to ground is collected under the condition of satisfying the second resistance balance. Second current data of electron gun region to ground conduction Then, the second ratio between the two is calculated. .

[0066] When the ratio is determined Meets the preset safety threshold range, i.e., 0 < When the value is ≤1, it indicates that most of the electron beam is intercepted by the resonant cavity. At this time, the test system can output the electron beam flow test result of the gyrotron system as the electron beam landing point being located in the resonant cavity region, for the test personnel to view and assist the test personnel in adjusting the magnetic field and collimating to ensure that the electron beam flow of the gyrotron system is normal.

[0067] When the ratio is determined Values ​​exceeding the upper limit of the preset safety threshold range, such as... When the value is greater than 1, it indicates that a significant number of electrons are intercepted in the electron gun region. At this time, the test system can output the electron beam flow test result of the gyrotron system as the electron beam landing point being located in the electron gun region, for the test personnel to view and assist them in adjusting the magnetic field and collimating to ensure that the electron beam flow of the gyrotron system is normal.

[0068] The method in this application, by introducing a current data ratio discrimination logic under the constraint of the test circuit resistance balance condition, can realize real-time discrimination of whether the electron beam partially or completely impacts the cavity wall under any temperature, without damaging the vacuum seal of the gyrotube, and without changing the distribution of the main magnetic field and microwave field. When the electron beam is prematurely intercepted or deviated, it can quickly give a clear conclusion that the beam landing point is located in the electron gun region, the resonant cavity region, or the collecting electrode region, which improves the accuracy of the electron beam landing point judgment and provides a quantitative basis for subsequent magnetic field adjustment and collimation correction.

[0069] Figure 4 This is a second schematic flowchart of the electronic flow testing method for a gyrotube system provided in this application embodiment, as shown below. Figure 4As shown in the embodiments of this application, the steps for performing the gyrotron electron beam flow test specifically include: Step one: First, determine the resistance values ​​of the electron gun region, resonant cavity region, and collector region based on the design data of the gyrotron body. After determining the specific installation position of the gyrotron body, install the gyrotron in the magnet aperture to complete the installation of the gyrotron system and prepare for the subsequent electron flow collimation test.

[0070] Step two, begin testing. First, adjust the resistance of the compensation module by adjusting the resistance at both ends. and This ensures that the sum of the resistances of the collecting electrode region and the collecting electrode region to ground is equal to the sum of the resistances of the resonant cavity region, the electron gun region, and the electron gun region to ground, so that the test circuit satisfies the first resistance balance condition.

[0071] Step 3: When the gyrotron is working, the first current data of the current conduction from the collecting electrode region to the ground and the second current data of the current conduction from the electron gun region to the ground can be obtained by measuring the current data in the two conductive ground wires using a high-precision current sensor. The discrimination coefficient, i.e., the first ratio, is then calculated. Then, by combining the preset safety threshold range, it is determined whether the electron beam landing point is in the collecting electrode region and whether the flow is normal.

[0072] Step four: If the first ratio is within the preset safety threshold range, it indicates that the current in the collector-to-ground circuit is greater than the current in the electron gun-to-ground circuit, and most electrons fall in the collector region, which is a normal operating state. Conversely, it indicates that the electron beam landing point deviates from the design area, specifically closer to the resonant cavity region or the electron gun region.

[0073] Step 5: Further adjust the resistance of the resistance compensation module at both ends. and This ensures that the sum of the resistances of the resonant cavity region, the collector region, and the collector-to-ground current-conducting circuit is equal to the sum of the resistances of the electron gun region and the electron gun-to-ground current-conducting circuit, so that the test circuit satisfies the second resistance balance condition, and further determines the specific location of the electron beam landing point.

[0074] Step six: Continue to acquire the first current data of the polar region's conduction to the ground and the second current data of the electron gun region's conduction to the ground, and calculate the discrimination coefficient at this time, i.e., the second ratio. Then, by combining the preset safety threshold range, it can be determined whether the electron beam falls in the electron gun region or the resonant cavity region.

[0075] The methods described in the above embodiments of this application can reliably and efficiently determine electron beam flow and electron beam landing point, providing guidance for the normal operation of the gyrotron system. They are also adaptable to various environmental temperature scenarios without being affected by temperature, solving the problems of difficult observation of electron beam movement and blind determination of electron beam flow in the gyrotron. Furthermore, they are economical, efficient, and widely applicable.

[0076] The following describes the electronic flow testing apparatus for a gyrotube system provided in this application. The electronic flow testing apparatus for a gyrotube system described below can be referred to in correspondence with the electronic flow testing method for a gyrotube system described above.

[0077] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electron flow testing device for a gyrotron system provided in this application embodiment. This device can be applied to a gyrotron system, which includes a gyrotron body. The gyrotron body includes an electron gun region, a resonant cavity region, and a collector region. The electron gun region and the collector region are grounded, as shown below. Figure 5 As shown, the device includes: The data acquisition module 10 is used to acquire the first current data of the collection electrode region to ground and the second current data of the electron gun region to ground when the gyrotron system is in operation and the gyrotron body meets the first resistance balance condition. Test analysis module 20 is used to compare and analyze the first current data and the second current data to determine the electron flow test results of the gyrotube system; The first resistance balance condition is that the sum of the resistances of the collecting electrode region and its ground-directing circuit is equal to the sum of the resistances of the resonant cavity region, the electron gun region, and the electron gun region's ground-directing circuit.

[0078] It is understood that the detailed functional implementation of each of the above modules can be found in the description of the aforementioned method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0079] It should be understood that the above-described device is used to execute the methods in the above embodiments. The implementation principle and technical effect of the corresponding program modules in the device are similar to those described in the above methods. The working process of the device can be referred to the corresponding process in the above methods, and will not be repeated here.

[0080] The electron beam flow test device for the gyrotron system in this application, through in-depth analysis of the technical principles and motion characteristics of the gyrotron system, designs a test method for determining the landing point of the electron beam trajectory. Under the condition that the entire electrical test circuit meets the designed resistance balance, it collects the current conducted to ground in the electron gun area and the current conducted to ground in the collecting electrode area in real time, and compares and analyzes the two types of current data. This enables accurate determination of the landing point of the electron beam trajectory, greatly improving the accuracy of the electron beam flow test results. Moreover, the test effect is stable and the economic cost is low.

[0081] Based on the methods in the above embodiments, this application provides an electronic device, such as... Figure 6 As shown, the electronic device may include a processor 610, a communications interface 620, a memory 630, and a communication bus 640, wherein the processor 610, the communications interface 620, and the memory 630 communicate with each other via the communication bus 640. The processor 610 can call logical instructions in the memory 630 to execute the methods in the above embodiments.

[0082] Furthermore, the logical instructions in the aforementioned memory 630 can be implemented as software functional units and, when sold or used as independent products, can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application.

[0083] Based on the methods in the above embodiments, this application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when run on a processor, causes the processor to execute the methods in the above embodiments.

[0084] Based on the methods in the above embodiments, this application provides a computer program product that, when run on a processor, causes the processor to execute the methods in the above embodiments.

[0085] It is understood that the processor in the embodiments of this application can be a central processing unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components, or any combination thereof. A general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.

[0086] The method steps in this application embodiment can be implemented in hardware or by a processor executing software instructions. The software instructions can consist of corresponding software modules, which can be stored in random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), registers, hard disks, portable hard disks, CD-ROMs, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor, enabling the processor to read information from and write information to the storage medium. Of course, the storage medium can also be a component of the processor. The processor and the storage medium can reside in an ASIC.

[0087] In the above embodiments, implementation can be achieved entirely or partially through software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using software, it can be implemented entirely or partially as a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments of this application are generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted through the computer-readable storage medium. The computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server or data center that integrates one or more available media. The available medium can be a magnetic medium (e.g., floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., DVD), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., solid-state disk (SSD)).

[0088] It is understood that the various numerical designations used in the embodiments of this application are merely for the convenience of description and are not intended to limit the scope of the embodiments of this application.

[0089] It should be understood that expressions such as “comprising” and “may include” used in this application indicate the existence of the disclosed functions, operations, or constituent elements, and do not limit one or more additional functions, operations, and constituent elements. In this application, terms such as “comprising” and / or “having” are to be interpreted as indicating a particular characteristic, number, operation, constituent element, component, or combination thereof, but not to exclude the existence or possibility of adding one or more other characteristics, numbers, operations, constituent elements, components, or combinations thereof.

[0090] In the description of the embodiments of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the term "connection" should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a detachable connection or a non-detachable connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. "Fixed connection" refers to a connection where the relative positional relationship remains unchanged after connection. "Rotary connection" refers to a connection where the components can rotate relative to each other after connection. "Sliding connection" refers to a connection where the components can slide relative to each other after connection. The directional terms mentioned in the embodiments of this application, such as "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "left," and "right," are only for reference to the directions in the accompanying drawings. Therefore, the directional terms used are for better and clearer explanation and understanding of the embodiments of this application, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of this application.

[0091] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method of electron beam flow test for a gyrotron system, applied to a gyrotron system including a gyrotron body, characterized by, The gyrotron body comprises an electron gun region, a resonant cavity region and a collector region, the electron gun region and the collector region are grounded respectively, and the method comprises: When the gyrotron system is in operation and the gyrotron body satisfies a first resistance balance condition, first current data of the collector region and second current data of the electron gun region are acquired respectively; According to the comparison and analysis of the first current data and the second current data, the electron beam flow test result of the gyrotron system is determined; The first resistance balance condition is that the sum of the resistances of the collector region and its ground current loop is equal to the sum of the resistances of the resonant cavity region, the electron gun region and the ground current loop of the electron gun region.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The comparison and analysis of the first current data and the second current data to determine the electron beam flow test result of the gyrotron system comprises: The first ratio of the second current data and the first current data is determined; When it is determined that the first ratio meets a preset safety threshold range, the electron beam flow test result of the gyrotron system is output as normal.

3. The method for testing the electron flow rate of a gyrotube system according to claim 2, characterized in that, After the first ratio of the second current data and the first current data is determined, the method further comprises: When it is determined that the first ratio is greater than the upper limit value of the preset safety threshold range, the resistances of the ground current loop of the collector region and the ground current loop of the electron gun region are adjusted to satisfy a second resistance balance condition; The first current data of the collector region and the second current data of the electron gun region are acquired respectively; Based on the second ratio of the second current data and the first current data, the electron beam flow test result of the gyrotron system is determined; The second resistance balance condition is that the sum of the resistances of the resonant cavity region, the collector region and the ground current loop of the collector region is equal to the sum of the resistances of the electron gun region and its ground current loop.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the electron beam is generated by a field emission electron beam source. 5 The determination of the electron beam flow test result of the gyrotron system based on the second ratio of the second current data and the first current data comprises: When it is determined that the second ratio meets a preset safety threshold range, the electron beam flow test result of the gyrotron system is output as the electron beam landing point being located in the resonant cavity region; When it is determined that the second ratio is greater than the upper limit value of the preset safety threshold range, the electron beam flow test result of the gyrotron system is output as the electron beam landing point being located in the electron gun region.

5. The electron beam current flow test method for a gyrotron system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by, The inner wall of the tube body of the resonant cavity region of the gyrotron body is provided with a target metal layer, and the electrical conductivity of the target metal layer is not less than the electrical conductivity of the metal layer of the gyrotron body.

6. The electron beam current flow test method of a gyrotron system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by, The outer wall of the tube body of the electron gun region and the collector region at both ends of the gyrotron body is fixed with a metal clamp, each metal clamp is connected with a ground current line respectively, the two ground current lines are connected to the ground respectively, and each ground current line is connected with a resistance compensation module and a current sensor. The resistance compensation module is configured to adjust the resistance of the current return circuit of the electron gun region or the collector region to the ground; and the current sensor is configured to collect first current data of the current return of the collector region to the ground or second current data of the current return of the electron gun region to the ground.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the electron beam is a pencil beam. The two current return ground wires have the same material and size, and the sum of the resistances of the two current return ground wires is less than the equivalent resistance of the gyrotron body to the ground. ​ 8. A gyrotron system electron beam flow test device applied to a gyrotron system, the gyrotron system comprising a gyrotron body, characterized by, The gyrotron body includes an electron gun region, a resonant cavity region, and a collector region, the electron gun region and the collector region are grounded respectively, and the device includes: a data collection module configured to collect first current data of the current return of the collector region to the ground and second current data of the current return of the electron gun region to the ground when the gyrotron system is in an operating state and the gyrotron body satisfies a first resistance balance condition; a test analysis module configured to compare and analyze the first current data and the second current data to determine an electron beam flow test result of the gyrotron system. The first resistance balance condition is that the sum of the resistance of the collector region and the current return circuit thereof to the ground is equal to the sum of the resistance of the resonant cavity region, the electron gun region, and the current return circuit of the electron gun region to the ground.

9. An electronic device, comprising: comprising a memory, one or more processors; The memory is coupled to the one or more processors, and the memory is configured to store computer program codes, the computer program codes comprising computer instructions; The one or more processors invoke the computer instructions to cause the electronic device to perform the method of any one of claims 1-7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions, characterized in that: When the instructions are executed on an electronic device, the electronic device is caused to perform the method of any one of claims 1-7.

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