Laminated coil winding

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of electromagnetic coils, in particular to a laminated coil winding. The coil winding is formed by rotating lamination or rotating nesting lamination or offset lamination of coil lamination units composed of more than three tooth-shaped coils, and the coil winding feeds phase difference current among the coil lamination units to form a magnetic field of a rotating motor or a linear motor. The invention aims to provide competitive choices for improving the copper fullness rate of a motor winding, reducing copper loss, increasing air gaps, improving heat dissipation, improving magnetic conductivity and structural strength performance, miniaturizing a motor, reducing economic cost and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electromagnetic coil technology, and more particularly to a stacked coil winding. Background Technology

[0002] The motor winding is the core and physical foundation of the motor, serving as the physical carrier and executor of electromagnetic energy conversion. It directly shapes the motor's core electromagnetic performance (torque, efficiency, noise, back EMF, inductance, etc.) and determines its key electrical parameters (voltage, current, power, speed, number of phases), significantly influencing the motor's power density, efficiency, and thermal performance. Traditional motor windings employ multiple concentrated slots or multiple conductors wound in rotation, feeding phase currents into different spaces within the same plane to form a rotating magnetic field or a linearly propulsing magnetic field. This invention proposes a layered coil winding based on phases located between the layers, aiming to provide a competitive option for improving winding copper fill factor, reducing copper losses, increasing air gap, improving heat dissipation, enhancing magnetic permeability, structural strength, miniaturizing the motor, and reducing economic costs. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide competitive options for improving winding copper fill factor, reducing copper loss, increasing air gap, improving heat dissipation, improving magnetic permeability, structural strength performance, miniaturizing motors, and reducing economic costs.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: A layered coil winding, characterized in that: 1) The coil winding is formed by three or more coil stacked units through rotational stacking, rotational nesting stacking, or offset stacking; 2) The coils in the coil stack unit are toothed coils. After the toothed coil is energized, the direction of the magnetic field inside the toothed coil is opposite to that of the external magnetic field. The number of toothed structures k multiplied by the number of phases m is the number of winding slots Z of m phases, where k and m are natural numbers, and k≥2 and m≥3. 3) When the coil winding is a rotating motor winding, the toothed coil in the coil stack unit is a centrally symmetrical toothed planar coil around the center of the coil, or a centrally symmetrical toothed three-dimensional coil around the central axis of the coil. i) Take m toothed planar coil stacked units, rotate each one by an angle α, and stack them vertically so that the base projection P of the center of each tooth in the toothed planar coil stacked unit is distributed on a circle with radius OP, forming an m-phase 2p pole axial magnetic flux armature winding. ii) Take m toothed three-dimensional coil stacked units, and after rotating each one by an angle α, nest them radially toward the central axis, so that the center of each tooth in the toothed three-dimensional coil stacked unit is projected onto the central axis and converges to a point, forming an m-phase 2p-pole radial magnetic flux armature winding. Where α = 2π / (pm), α is the circumferential mechanical angle; 4) When the coil winding is a linear motor winding, the toothed coil is a toothed planar coil with the tooth center points arranged in a linear pattern. Take m toothed planar coil stacked units with the tooth center points arranged in a linear pattern and offset them. The number of offset slots between adjacent toothed planar coil stacked units is k / p and the slot pitch is 2pd / (km), or the offset distance between adjacent toothed planar coil stacked units is 2d / m, so that the tooth center points in the toothed planar coil stacked unit are arranged in a linear pattern on the base plane projection point P, forming an m-phase 2p-p pole linear motor armature winding, where d is the pole pitch; 5) The number of coil stacking units Q is a natural number multiple of m. When Q=m, it is an m-phase 2p pole armature winding. Q coil stacking units are stacked to form a stacked armature winding with a value of Q / m. Then, a stacked motor is formed by connecting them in series, in parallel, or in a mixed series-parallel connection. 6) The coil winding phases are set between different coil stack units, using an m-phase power supply topology with an adjacent phase difference of 360° / m; 7) The number of slots per pole per phase in a lap-type coil winding is q = k / (2p), where q is a rational number.

[0005] The coil winding is characterized in that the coil stacked unit rotates layer by layer in the circumference at an angle of α=2π / (pm) to form a centrally symmetrical structure, and then forms an m-phase armature winding stacked motor by means of series, parallel or series-parallel connection; the stacked motor is an m-phase 2p-p pole motor, the number of motor winding slots is km, the mechanical angle is α, the adjacent phase difference is 360° / m, and the number of motor stacks is Q / m.

[0006] The coil winding is characterized in that the coil stack unit includes a single-layer toothed coil, a double-layer or multi-layer toothed coil formed by connecting the inner diameter end and / or the outer diameter end, and a double-layer or multi-layer toothed coil with a fixed phase difference between layers; a coil stack unit composed of toothed planar coils of the same size and consistent tooth structure, wherein the base plane projection P of each tooth center is uniformly distributed on a circle with a radius of OP; a coil stack unit composed of toothed three-dimensional coils with progressively decreasing axial radius and consistent tooth structure, wherein the projection of each tooth center on the central axis converges at a point; and a coil stack unit composed of toothed planar coils with linear tooth center points and consistent tooth structure, wherein the projection point P of each tooth center on the base plane is linear.

[0007] The coil winding is characterized in that the number of turns of the toothed coil includes single turns and multiple turns.

[0008] The coil winding is characterized in that the centerline shape of each tooth of the toothed coil includes a straight line, a broken line, and an arc.

[0009] The coil winding is characterized in that the gaps inside and outside the toothed coil are filled with one or more functional materials and structural materials, wherein the functional materials include magnetic conductive materials, insulating materials, heat dissipation materials and tubing, and the structural materials include one or more of silicon steel sheets, electrical steel, titanium alloys, aluminum alloys, stainless steel, engineering plastics, carbon fiber composite materials, and chopped fiber composite materials.

[0010] The coil winding is characterized in that a magnetic sensor or a temperature sensor is embedded in the gap between the inner and outer sides of the toothed coil, which is used to monitor the magnetic field or coil temperature in real time and feed the data back to the control system.

[0011] The coil winding is characterized in that it is manufactured using a PCB or additive manufacturing technology, or is wound with wire.

[0012] The coil winding is characterized in that the output terminals of each phase of the stacked coil winding are short-circuited to form a squirrel-cage equivalent rotor of the asynchronous motor.

[0013] The base plane described in this invention is a reference plane common to all coil layers, or a projection plane perpendicular to the stacking direction, and the base point is a common reference point for all coil layer stacks / units.

[0014] The radially centripetal stacking described in this invention is a radial stacking with the central axis as a reference.

[0015] The stacked coil windings of this invention can be applied to axial flux motor systems, radial flux motor systems, linear motor systems, linear accelerator systems, magnetic levitation systems, magnetic bearing systems, magnetic stirring systems, etc.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects: 1. The toothed coil of this invention, with its multi-tooth, multi-turn design, can significantly increase the copper full-rate of the winding.

[0017] 2. The coil of this invention adopts a toothed structure, which makes full use of the different polarities of the magnetic fields inside and outside the teeth after the toothed coil is energized. The stacked design of the toothed coil can concentrate the use of magnetic fields of different polarities, significantly reduce copper loss, improve the electromagnetic utilization rate of the conductor, and significantly enhance the air gap magnetic field strength.

[0018] 3. The toothed coil offset stacked structure of the present invention significantly reduces the end effect of the linear motor.

[0019] 4. The toothed coil stacked structure of the present invention can make full use of the gaps inside and outside the coil teeth to set up a heat dissipation pipeline / hole system, thereby improving the overall heat dissipation performance of the winding.

[0020] 5. The toothed coil rotating stacked structure of the present invention can make full use of the gaps inside and outside each layer of coil teeth to fill magnetic conductive material and improve the overall magnetic concentration performance of the winding. For example, the gaps inside and outside each layer of coil teeth are filled with thin silicon steel sheets with prefabricated interlayer fixing holes and heat dissipation pipeline holes, which improves the overall magnetic conductivity of the winding and increases the structural strength performance of the winding.

[0021] 6. The coil winding of this invention adopts a toothed coil structure. Through the stacking method, it is easy to design multi-polar windings, significantly optimize the winding magnetic field distribution, achieve higher slot fill factor and winding utilization, and improve the electromagnetic energy conversion capability per unit volume.

[0022] 7. The coil winding of the present invention adopts a toothed coil structure, which can significantly flatten and miniaturize the motor structure through the stacking method.

[0023] 8. The coil winding of this invention adopts a toothed coil stacked structure, which is easy to produce mechanically and expand modularly. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 Single-layer double-toothed coil stack unit Figure 2 It is a three-layer 6-slot 4-pole armature winding Figure 3 It is a six-layer, six-slot, four-pole armature winding Figure 4 A single-layer three-tooth coil stack unit Figure 5 It is a six-layer, nine-slot, six-pole armature winding. Figure 6 It is a six-layer 9-slot 12-pole armature winding Figure 7 A single-layer four-tooth coil stack unit Figure 8 It is a six-layer 12-slot 8-pole armature winding Figure 9 It is a six-layer 12-slot 16-pole armature winding Figure 10 A single-layer seven-tooth coil stack unit Figure 11 It is a six-layer 21-slot 14-pole armature winding Figure 12 It is a six-layer 21-slot 28-pole armature winding Figure 13 A single-layer eight-tooth coil stack unit Figure 14 It is a three-layer 24-slot 16-pole armature winding Figure 15 A winding consisting of eight armature windings stacked together. Figure 16 Simulation diagram of a 24-slot, 16-pole coil lap winding Figure 17 It is a three-layer 24-slot 8-pole armature winding Figure 18 Six-layer 24-slot 16-pole armature winding Figure 19 The coil of a six-layer, 15-slot, 10-pole linear motor is laminated. Figure 20 For filling silicon steel sheets within the coil layer stack Attached Figure

[0025] 1001 indicates the radial center of the axial flux coil or the axial center axis of the radial flux coil; 1002 indicates the inner edge of the axial flux coil or the lower axial edge of the radial flux coil; 1003 indicates the outer edge of the axial flux coil or the upper axial edge of the radial flux coil; 1004 indicates the inner diameter end of the axial flux coil or the lower axial port of the radial flux coil; 1005 indicates the outer diameter end of the axial flux coil or the upper axial port of the radial flux coil; 1006, indicating the axial flux coil tooth or the upper axial tooth of the radial flux coil; 1007, indicating a concave tooth in an axial flux coil or a convex tooth in the lower axial part of a radial flux coil; 1008 indicates the center line of the axial flux coil tooth or the center line of the radial flux coil axial tooth. 1009 indicates the center of the axial flux coil tooth or the center of the radial flux coil axial tooth. 1010 indicates the circumference of the axial flux coil OP as the radius, or the circumference where the center of the axial protrusion of the radial flux coil is located; 10051, Starting end of the toothed coil; 10052, Ending end of the toothed coil; 10061, First tooth of the toothed coil; 10062, Second tooth of the toothed coil; 10063, Third tooth of the toothed coil; 10064, Fourth tooth of the toothed coil; 10065, Fifth tooth of the toothed coil; 10081, Center line of the toothed coil; 10091, Schematic diagram of the center point of the tooth of the toothed coil; 1011, Baseline; 1012, Baseline distance S; 1013, Offset distance; 1014, External or upper silicon steel sheet structure; 1015, Internal or lower silicon steel sheet structure; Appendix Figure 1 , 4 When 7, 10, and 13 are used as axial flux coils or windings, all circular diagrams are shown as planar toothed coils, and double or multi-layer stacked diagrams are all top views.

[0026] Appendix Figure 1 , 4When 7, 10, and 13 are used as radial flux coils, all circular diagrams are shown as three-dimensional toothed coils. The single-layer coils are the first layer that is close to the outer diameter edge of the coil winding. The salient poles are located in the upper part of the coil axis, and the concave teeth are located in the lower part of the coil axis. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific preferred embodiments.

[0028] It should be understood that the description of the embodiments of the present invention is only for illustrating the technical solutions and should not be construed as limiting the present invention or the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] Example 1: Three-layer three-phase six-slot four-pole axial flux armature winding As attached Figure 1 As shown, the coil stack unit consists of a single-layer toothed planar coil composed of two symmetrical convex teeth 1006 and two symmetrical concave teeth 1007. The projection point of the convex tooth center 1009 on the base plane is P, and it forms a centrally symmetrical structure on the circumference 1010 with radius OP. 1008 is the center line of the convex tooth. The inner diameter end 1004 of the coil is located inside the winding, and the outer diameter end 1005 of the coil is located outside the winding. After the toothed coil is energized, the direction of the magnetic field inside the tooth is opposite to that of the external magnetic field.

[0030] As attached Figure 2 As shown, 3 appendices Figure 1 The coil stacking units shown are rotated 60° between layers and then stacked, so that the projection point P of the convex tooth center 1009 on the base plane is located on a circle with radius OP, forming a stacked coil winding.

[0031] In this structure, there are 2 tooth structures and 3 phases, therefore the number of slots Z is 6; the rotation angle α is 60°, and from α=2π / (pm), the number of pole pairs p is 2, q=k / (2p)=1 / 2. Therefore, this lap-type coil winding is a three-phase 6-slot 4-pole winding. This structure uses toothed planar coils, and the magnetic flux direction after energization is axial; therefore, this lap-type coil winding is a three-phase 6-slot 4-pole axial magnetic flux winding.

[0032] Using this layered coil winding as the overall winding unit, multiple winding units can be vertically stacked with the same phase tooth center line aligned to form a multi-layered 6-slot 4-pole winding.

[0033] Example 2: Six-layer three-phase 6-slot 4-pole axial flux armature winding As attached Figure 3 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that a coil stack unit formed by two layers of coils is used. The coil stack unit formed by two layers of coils is shown in the attached figure. Figure 3As shown in the small image at the bottom right, the double-layer coil consists of coils with opposite helical directions, connected via the inner diameter end 1004, forming a double-layer planar coil structure with both outer diameter ends 1005 on the outside. The rotation angle and stacking method of the coil stacking unit are consistent with the embodiment, and the resulting winding is also a three-phase, 6-slot, 4-pole axial flux winding. All wires of the double-layer coil stacking unit are placed outside the winding for easy connection to the motor winding.

[0034] Example 3: Six-layer three-phase 6-slot 4-pole radial flux armature winding The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that, as shown in the appendix... Figure 1 In this embodiment, the coil stack unit consists of a toothed three-dimensional coil composed of two symmetrical upper protrusions 1006 and two symmetrical lower protrusions 1007, with the axial radius of the toothed three-dimensional coil gradually decreasing. The rotational mechanical angle remains 60°, but the stacking direction is radially nested towards the central axis, and the centers of each double-layer coil tooth converge at a single point on the central axis. After the three coil stack units are rotated, nested, and connected with three-phase current, a radial magnetic flux is generated towards the central axis. Therefore, the resulting coil winding is a six-layer, three-phase, six-slot, four-pole radial magnetic flux armature winding.

[0035] Example 4: Six-layer three-phase 9-slot 6-pole axial flux armature winding As attached Figure 4 As shown, the coil stack unit consists of a single-layer toothed planar coil composed of three symmetrical convex teeth 1006 and three symmetrical concave teeth 1007. The projection point of the convex tooth center 1009 on the base plane is P, and it forms a centrally symmetrical structure on the circumference 1010 with radius OP. 1008 is the center line of the convex tooth. The inner diameter end 1004 of the coil is located inside the winding, and the outer diameter end 1005 of the coil is located outside the winding. After the toothed coil is energized, the direction of the magnetic field inside the tooth is opposite to that of the external magnetic field.

[0036] As attached Figure 5 The three double-layer coil stacked units shown in the small diagram at the bottom right are stacked after being rotated 60° between layers, so that the projection point P of the convex tooth center 1009 on the base plane is located on a circle with radius OP, forming a stacked coil winding.

[0037] In this structure, there are 3 tooth structures and 3 phases, therefore the number of slots Z is 9; the rotation angle α is 40°, and from α=2π / (pm), the number of pole pairs p is 3, q=k / (2p)=1 / 2. Therefore, this lap-type coil winding is a three-phase 9-slot 6-pole winding. This structure uses toothed planar coils, and the magnetic flux direction after energization is axial; therefore, this lap-type coil winding is a three-phase 9-slot 6-pole axial magnetic flux winding.

[0038] Example 5: Six-layer three-phase 9-slot 12-pole axial flux armature winding The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 4 is that the rotation angle between the coil stacked units is 20°. From α=2π / (pm), the number of pole pairs p is 6, and q=k / (2p)=1 / 4. Therefore, this stacked coil winding is a three-phase 9-slot 12-pole axial flux armature winding.

[0039] Example 6: A 4-tooth stacked coil winding As attached Figure 7 The coil stack unit shown is a single-layer coil with 4 coil teeth.

[0040] Appendix Figure 8 This is a coil winding formed by rotating 30° between two layers of coils with 4 coil teeth in a stacked unit. In this structure, the number of teeth is 4 and the number of phases is 3. Therefore, the number of slots Z is 12. The rotation angle α is 30°. From α=2π / (pm), the number of pole pairs p is 4. q=k / (2p)=1 / 2. Therefore, this stacked coil winding is a three-phase 12-slot 8-pole winding.

[0041] Appendix Figure 9 The number of coil teeth in the cascaded coil unit is 4, but the rotation angle is 15°. From α=2π / (pm), the number of pole pairs p is 8, and q=k / (2p)=1 / 4. Therefore, this cascaded coil winding is a three-phase 12-slot 16-pole winding.

[0042] Example 7: A 7-tooth stacked coil winding As attached Figure 10 The coil stack unit shown is a single-layer coil with 7 coil teeth.

[0043] Appendix Figure 11 This is a coil winding formed by rotating 17.14° between two layers of coils with 7 coil teeth in a stacked unit. In this structure, the number of teeth is 7 and the number of phases is 3, therefore, the number of slots Z is 21; the rotation angle α is 17.14°, and from α=2π / (pm), the number of pole pairs p is 7, q=k / (2p)=1 / 2. Therefore, this stacked coil winding is a three-phase 21-slot 14-pole winding.

[0044] Appendix Figure 12 The number of coil teeth in the cascaded coil unit is 7, but the rotation angle is 8.57°. From α=2π / (pm), the number of pole pairs p is 14, and q=k / (2p)=1 / 4. Therefore, this cascaded coil winding is a three-phase 21-slot 28-pole winding.

[0045] Example 8: A stacked coil winding with 8 teeth and an arc-shaped center line. As attached Figure 13The coil is a single-layer, single-turn coil with 8 coil teeth in its stacked unit, and the center line 1008 of the coil teeth is arc-shaped.

[0046] Appendix Figure 14 For 3 attachments Figure 13 The coil winding is a three-layer, 24-slot, 16-pole stacked coil formed by rotating the unit layers by 15°. The winding q=1 / 2.

[0047] Appendix Figure 15 For 24 appendices Figure 13 Each unit is rotated 15° between layers to form a centrally symmetrical shape, and then stacked to form a 24-layer, 24-slot, 16-pole stacked coil winding. This winding consists of 8 attached... Figure 14 Armature windings are formed with adjacent armature windings spaced 15° apart.

[0048] Appendix Figure 16 This is a simulation diagram of a 24-slot, 16-pole stacked coil winding.

[0049] Appendix Figure 17 For 3 attachments Figure 13 The coil winding is a three-layer, 24-slot, 8-pole stacked coil formed by rotating the unit layers by 30°. The q=1 of this winding.

[0050] Appendix Figure 18 The diagram shows a six-layer, 24-slot, 16-pole stacked coil winding formed by rotating the small diagram in the lower left corner of the image 15° as the coil stacking unit. In the small diagram, the two toothed coils are 45° apart, and the two toothed coils can be connected in series or in parallel.

[0051] Example 9: Six-layer 15-slot 10-pole linear motor coil lap winding Appendix Figure 19 Figure (c) shows a double-layer toothed coil stack unit formed by connecting five teeth (10061~10065) from Figures (a) and (b) through ports 10051 and 10052. 10081 is the center line of the toothed coil; 10091 is the center point of the tooth of the toothed coil.

[0052] Figure (d) shows a six-layer, 15-slot, 10-pole linear motor coil winding formed by stacking the coil stacking units in Figures (e), (f), and (g). After stacking, the tooth center 10091 is projected into a straight line, where 1011 is the baseline and 1012 is the reference distance S from the toothed coil to the baseline. The coil stacking unit in Figure (e) is the first phase toothed coil, and the distance to the baseline is S; the coil stacking unit in Figure (f) is the second phase toothed coil, and the distance to the baseline is S+2d / m, with an offset distance of 2d / m at 1013; the coil stacking unit in Figure (g) is the third phase toothed coil, and the distance to the baseline is S+4d / m, with an offset distance of 4d / m at 1013.

[0053] Example 10: Coil Layer Lamination with Filled Silicon Steel Sheets Appendix Figure 20 For a 3-tooth double-layer toothed coil stacked unit filled with silicon steel sheets, when the view is an axial magnetic flux planar coil, 1014 in the figure is the outer toothed coil lamination structure, and 1015 is the inner toothed coil lamination structure; when the view is a radial magnetic flux three-dimensional coil, 1014 in the figure is the upper silicon steel sheet lamination and winding structure, and 1015 in the figure is the lower silicon steel sheet lamination and winding structure.

[0054] In practical applications, the silicon steel sheet structure is set according to the gap structure of the toothed coil. Based on the gap between the layers of the toothed coil, internal details such as interlayer fixing holes, interlayer magnetic sensors, temperature sensors, and heat dissipation pipeline holes / grooves are prefabricated during the silicon steel sheet stamping process.

[0055] Example 11: Six-layer three-phase 9-slot 12-pole axial flux armature winding filled with silicon steel sheets The attachment uses 3 filled silicon steel sheets Figure 20 The structure consists of coil stacked units, which can be rotated 20° between layers to form a three-phase 9-slot 12-pole axial flux armature winding.

[0056] Example 12: Laminated coil windings filled with functional and structural materials 1) A cascaded coil winding as described in Examples 1 to 9 is constructed using wire winding; 2) Embed the heat dissipation pipeline system into the above-mentioned stacked coil windings; 3) Place the stacked coil windings formed in step 2) into the prefabricated module; 4) Ferrite particles, epoxy resin structural adhesive, and chopped fiber materials are made into a slurry and injected into the module under negative pressure to form the shape; In this embodiment, heat dissipation pipelines, ferrite particles, epoxy resin structural adhesive functional materials and chopped fiber structural materials are embedded / injected into the stacked coil windings, ultimately forming an integrated molded coil winding that combines magnetic concentration, insulation, heat dissipation and structural strength.

[0057] Example 13 uses a PCB-printed axial flux laminated coil winding. Printed with PCB technology Figure 15 The 24-layer, 24-slot, 16-pole stacked coil winding shown is used to form a stacked motor with 8 armatures by connecting the windings in series, parallel, or a combination of series and parallel.

[0058] The layered coil windings of this invention are manufactured using PCB printing technology, and all interlayer connections can be achieved through through-holes, significantly reducing PCB manufacturing costs.

[0059] Example 14: Equivalent rotor of a squirrel-cage asynchronous motor formed by stacked coil windings By using one of the stacked coil windings formed in Examples 11, 12, and 13, and short-circuiting the output terminals of each phase of the stacked coil winding, an equivalent rotor of a squirrel-cage asynchronous motor is formed.

[0060] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A layered coil winding, characterized in that: 1) The coil winding is formed by three or more coil stacked units through rotational stacking, rotational nesting stacking, or offset stacking; 2) The coils in the coil stack unit are toothed coils. After the toothed coil is energized, the direction of the magnetic field inside the toothed coil is opposite to that of the external magnetic field. The number of toothed structures k multiplied by the number of phases m is the number of winding slots Z of m phases, where k and m are natural numbers, and k≥2 and m≥3. 3) When the coil winding is a rotating motor winding, the toothed coil in the coil stack unit is a centrally symmetrical toothed planar coil around the center of the coil, or a centrally symmetrical toothed three-dimensional coil around the central axis of the coil. i) Take m toothed planar coil stacked units, rotate each one by an angle α, and stack them vertically so that the base projection P of the center of each tooth in the toothed planar coil stacked unit is distributed on a circle with radius OP, forming an m-phase 2p pole axial magnetic flux armature winding. ii) Take m toothed three-dimensional coil stacked units, and after rotating each one by an angle α, nest them radially toward the central axis, so that the center of each tooth in the toothed three-dimensional coil stacked unit is projected onto the central axis and converges to a point, forming an m-phase 2p-pole radial magnetic flux armature winding. Where α = 2π / (pm), α is the circumferential mechanical angle; 4) When the coil winding is a linear motor winding, the toothed coil is a toothed planar coil with the tooth center points arranged in a linear pattern. Take m toothed planar coil stacked units with the tooth center points arranged in a linear pattern and offset them. The number of offset slots between adjacent toothed planar coil stacked units is k / p and the slot pitch is 2pd / (km), or the offset distance between adjacent toothed planar coil stacked units is 2d / m, so that the tooth center points in the toothed planar coil stacked unit are arranged in a linear pattern on the base plane projection point P, forming an m-phase 2p-p pole linear motor armature winding, where d is the pole pitch; 5) The number of coil stacking units Q is a natural number multiple of m. When Q=m, it is an m-phase 2p pole armature winding. Q coil stacking units are stacked to form a stacked armature winding with a value of Q / m. Then, a stacked motor is formed by connecting them in series, in parallel, or in a mixed series-parallel connection. 6) The coil winding phases are set between different coil stack units, using an m-phase power supply topology with an adjacent phase difference of 360° / m; 7) The number of slots per pole per phase in a lap-type coil winding is q = k / (2p), where q is a rational number.

2. The coil winding according to claim 1, characterized in that... The coil stacked unit rotates layer by layer in the circumference at an angle of α=2π / (pm) to form a centrally symmetrical structure, and then forms an m-phase armature winding stacked motor by means of series, parallel or series-parallel connection; the stacked motor is an m-phase 2p-p pole motor, the number of motor winding slots is km, the mechanical angle is α, the adjacent phase difference is 360° / m, and the number of motor stacks is Q / m.

3. The coil winding according to claim 1, characterized in that... Coil stacking units include single-layer toothed coils, double-layer or multi-layer toothed coils connected by inner diameter ends and / or outer diameter ends, and double-layer or multi-layer toothed coils with a fixed phase difference between layers; coil stacking units composed of toothed planar coils of the same size and consistent tooth structure, wherein the base plane projection P of the center of each tooth is uniformly distributed on a circle with a radius of OP; coil stacking units composed of three-dimensional toothed coils with progressively decreasing axial radius and consistent tooth structure, wherein the projection of the center of each tooth on the central axis converges at a point; and coil stacking units composed of toothed planar coils with a linear arrangement of tooth center points and consistent tooth structure, wherein the projection point P of the center of each tooth on the base plane is linear.

4. The coil winding according to claim 1, characterized in that... Toothed coils can have single or multiple turns.

5. The coil winding according to claim 1, characterized in that... The centerline shape of each tooth in a toothed coil can be a straight line, a broken line, or an arc.

6. The coil winding according to claim 1, characterized in that... The gaps inside and outside the toothed coil are filled with one or more functional and structural materials. The functional materials include magnetic materials, insulating materials, heat dissipation materials and tubing, and the structural materials include one or more of silicon steel sheets, electrical steel, titanium alloys, aluminum alloys, stainless steel, engineering plastics, carbon fiber composites and chopped fiber composites.

7. The coil winding according to claim 1, characterized in that... Magnetic or temperature sensors are embedded in the gaps inside and outside the toothed coil to monitor the magnetic field or coil temperature in real time and feed the data back to the control system.

8. The coil winding according to claim 1, characterized in that... The coil windings are manufactured using PCBs or additive manufacturing technology, or by winding with wire.

9. The coil winding according to claim 1, characterized in that... By short-circuiting the output terminals of each phase of the stacked coil winding, a squirrel-cage equivalent rotor of the asynchronous motor is formed.

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