Wide-rotating-speed high-efficiency magnetor based on magnetic circuit parameter self-adjustment

Abstract

The invention provides a wide-rotating-speed high-efficiency magnetor based on magnetic circuit parameter self-adjustment, which relates to the technical field of magnetors and comprises a casing, a rotor shaft, an iron core, a rotor winding, a stator magnetic pole, a bypass cavity, a micro driving unit, a soft magnetic insert, a magnetic flux sensor, a rotating speed and counter electromotive force sensor and a controller. The controller collects a magnetic flux density change rate, a rotating speed and a counter electromotive force signal, predicts a future magnetic circuit state based on a real-time magnetic circuit trend prediction model, divides the magnetic circuit state into a lifting type state, a limiting type state and a falling type state, and controls the micro driving unit to adjust the insertion depth of the soft magnetic insertion piece at a fixed speed or in a step mode according to the states. According to the technical scheme, the magnetic resistance topology dynamic adjustment is achieved, the bypass cavity and the soft magnetic insertion pieces are combined to form a magnetic energy buffering and position self-calibration mechanism, and by means of the technical scheme, the magnetor can achieve high-efficiency operation in a wide rotating speed range, energy loss is reduced, magnetic circuit stability is improved, and low-speed and high-speed operation performance is optimized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of magneto technology, specifically to a wide-speed, high-efficiency magneto based on self-adjustment of magnetic circuit parameters. Background Technology

[0002] According to Chinese Patent No. CN114244051A, a high-efficiency permanent magnet synchronous motor includes a stator unit, a rotor core unit, and a bushing unit. The stator unit has several stator slots spaced evenly, each slot housing a stator winding. A stator tooth is formed between every two stator slots. The inner diameter of the stator unit is increased from R1 to R2, resulting in a stator gap ratio (inner diameter / outer diameter) ≥ 0.73. The slot depth is increased from h1 to h2, increasing the slot area by 10-20%. The tooth width is increased from t1 to t2, increasing the tooth width by 10-20%. This invention increases the air gap area, expanding the electromagnetic energy exchange area under the same magnetic flux density, reducing stator core weight and motor losses, increasing torque density, and raising the efficiency ratio from 85% to 90% or higher, thus improving motor efficiency.

[0003] In modern motor technology, motor systems widely used in industrial automation, electric vehicles, and renewable energy have high requirements for speed range and operating efficiency. Traditional motors typically have fixed magnetic circuit parameters and reluctance topology determined during the design phase, and their performance is optimal near the rated speed. However, under low-speed or high-speed operating conditions, efficiency declines, electromagnetic instability, or increased energy loss are prone to occur. To adapt to different load and speed requirements, existing technologies generally achieve partial performance optimization by changing the current control strategy or adding complex circuit control loops. However, these methods are usually limited by the fixed structure of the magnetic circuit and cannot achieve real-time dynamic adjustment of the reluctance topology. At the same time, when existing motors operate over a wide speed range, the magnetic flux density and back EMF fluctuate significantly with changes in speed. Traditional magnetic circuit designs cannot provide effective buffering for transient magnetic energy changes and magnetic flux spikes, resulting in reduced operating efficiency, easy saturation of the magnetic circuit, and unstable transient performance. Therefore, the development of magneto technology that can maintain high efficiency, stable magnetic flux, and dynamically adjust the reluctance topology under wide speed conditions has significant engineering value and application prospects.

[0004] The aforementioned patent documents and prior art have the following technical problems when used:

[0005] Problem 1: The magnetic circuit of a traditional magneto is fixed, which leads to an inherent contradiction: at high speeds, the magnetic flux cannot be reduced, resulting in excessively high back EMF and reduced efficiency; at low speeds, the magnetic field is insufficient, resulting in insufficient torque.

[0006] Problem 2: Existing magnetic circuit regulation (such as current regulation) is difficult to respond to dynamic loads quickly in milliseconds and cannot achieve rapid switching of the physical magnetic circuit topology itself;

[0007] Problem 3: Existing technologies cannot identify critical instability points of magnetic circuits in real time, such as magnetic saturation critical points or abrupt energy loss points, leading to control difficulties and reduced energy efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0008] Technical problems to be solved

[0009] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a wide-speed, high-efficiency magneto based on self-adjustment of magnetic circuit parameters, thus solving the technical problems existing in the prior art.

[0010] Technical solution

[0011] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a wide-speed, high-efficiency magneto motor based on self-adjustment of magnetic circuit parameters, comprising a housing, end caps at both ends of the housing, a rotor shaft rotatably connected to the surface of the end caps, an iron core and rotor windings on the surface of the rotor shaft, a magnetic yoke inside the housing, stator poles on the inner wall of the magnetic yoke, a bypass cavity on the surface of the magnetic yoke, a micro-drive unit inside the bypass cavity, a soft magnetic insert at the end of the micro-drive unit, a controller on the surface of the housing, a speed sensor at the end of the rotor shaft, and a flux sensor on the side of the stator poles.

[0012] Preferably, the rotor shaft has a commutator on its surface, and a support plate is provided on the side of the commutator, the support plate being connected to the inner wall of the housing.

[0013] Preferably, the end cover is provided with a bearing inside, the rotor shaft is rotatably connected to the end cover through the bearing, and the stator magnetic poles are arranged in a circumferential array with multiple poles in contact with the outer surface of the iron core and the rotor winding.

[0014] Preferably, the adjustment method for a wide-speed, high-efficiency magneto based on self-adjustment of magnetic circuit parameters includes the following steps:

[0015] Sp1: The controller collects the rate of change of magnetic flux density from the magnetic flux sensor and the change of back electromotive force from the speed sensor, and builds a magnetic circuit trend prediction model based on the data to obtain the future trend state of the magnetic circuit.

[0016] Sp2: Based on the future trend state, the magnetic circuit state is divided into an uplift state, a confined state, and a downturn state;

[0017] Sp3: Based on the magnetic circuit state, control the micro drive unit to drive the soft magnetic insert to adjust its insertion depth at a fixed speed or in a step manner, thereby changing the magnetic reluctance topology of the magnetic circuit.

[0018] Sp4: When the controller determines that the reluctance adjustment has not reached the preset magnetic flux response, it calculates a new magnetic circuit adjustment strategy and readjusts the position of the soft magnetic insert to achieve continuous evolution of the magnetic circuit topology.

[0019] Sp5: When the second derivative of the change in magnetic flux density exceeds the threshold, an energy shift action is performed, causing the soft magnetic insert to be briefly inserted into the bypass cavity to absorb the increase in magnetic energy, and then exiting to restore the magnetic circuit topology.

[0020] Preferably, the magnetic circuit trend prediction model in Sp1 uses the rate of change of magnetic flux density, the magnetic circuit saturation coefficient, and the slope of back electromotive force growth as state variables to construct a magnetic circuit behavior trend map in real time. By predicting the magnetic circuit evolution trend in the next 5 to 20 ms, the micro-drive unit can be controlled in advance to adjust the insertion depth of the soft magnetic insert in advance.

[0021] Preferably, the three magnetic circuit states in Sp2 correspond to:

[0022] The enhanced state corresponds to the magnetic flux growth trend, which allows the soft magnetic insert to be inserted into the main channel of the magnetic circuit to improve the magnetomotive force efficiency.

[0023] The confined state corresponds to the magnetic flux approaching saturation or the back electromotive force rising rapidly, so that the soft magnetic insert is partially inserted to form a composite magnetoresistive path, thereby limiting the growth of magnetic flux.

[0024] The falling state corresponds to the decreasing magnetic flux, causing the soft magnetic insert to exit into the bypass cavity to reduce the back EMF.

[0025] Preferably, the insertion depth of the soft magnetic insert in Sp3 is controlled by a step magnetoresistive modulation strategy executed by the controller. That is, when the magnetic circuit is detected to be entering the saturation critical point or the back EMF rise critical point, a magnetoresistive step change of fixed amplitude ΔR is triggered with a high response speed, so that the magnetic circuit topology undergoes a controllable abrupt change.

[0026] Preferably, the bypass cavity has a preset magnetic permeability gradient, and the controller uses the magnetic field disturbance when the soft magnetic insert enters the bypass cavity as its position calibration signal to achieve self-calibration of insertion depth.

[0027] Preferably, the controller determines the magnetic energy surge region by detecting the peak range of the second derivative of the magnetic flux density, and triggers the soft magnetic insert to enter the bypass cavity to achieve magnetic energy buffering.

[0028] Preferably, the controller controls the micro-drive unit to make the soft magnetic inserts displace only in the region of lowest magnetic potential according to the commutation phase of the commutator, so as to reduce magnetic field disturbance and energy loss.

[0029] Beneficial effects

[0030] This invention provides a wide-speed, high-efficiency magneto based on self-adjustment of magnetic circuit parameters. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] 1. This invention achieves millisecond-level dynamic adjustment of the magnetic reluctance of the main magnetic circuit of the yoke through the physical structure of a micro-drive unit and a soft magnetic insert. This solves the inherent contradiction caused by the fixed magnetic circuit of traditional magneto motors in the prior art. At low speeds, i.e., in the boosting state, the controller drives the soft magnetic insert to insert into the main channel to actively enhance the magnetomotive force, solving the problem of insufficient torque at low speeds in traditional motors. At high speeds, i.e., in the falling state, the controller drives the soft magnetic insert to exit into the bypass cavity to actively reduce the back electromotive force, solving the problem of excessively high back electromotive force and sharp drop in efficiency at high speeds in traditional motors. Through this real-time self-reconfiguration of the magnetic circuit topology, the motor is no longer limited to a single magnetic circuit design and can always keep the magnetic circuit parameters in the optimal state across the entire speed range, including start-up, low speed, medium speed, and high speed, thereby achieving high-efficiency operation over a wide speed range.

[0032] 2. This invention introduces a millisecond-level variable reluctance module. The response speed of this module far exceeds that of traditional current regulation. It directly changes the physical topology of the magnetic circuit, solving the major problem that existing technologies cannot respond to dynamic loads quickly at the millisecond level. When the magnetic circuit is detected to be entering the saturation critical point or the back EMF rise critical point, the controller can trigger a fixed-amplitude step change in reluctance with a high response speed, causing a controllable abrupt change in the magnetic circuit topology. When the reluctance adjustment does not meet expectations, the controller will immediately calculate a new magnetic circuit adjustment strategy and adjust it again, realizing the continuous evolution of the magnetic circuit topology. The motor obtains unprecedented dynamic performance, enabling it to quickly adapt to dynamic loads. This has revolutionary implications for scenarios such as rapid acceleration / braking of electric vehicles and high-precision start-stop of industrial robots.

[0033] 3. This invention uses a magnetic circuit behavior prediction model with magnetic flux density change rate, magnetic circuit saturation coefficient, and back EMF growth slope as state variables. By predicting the magnetic circuit evolution trend in the next 5-20ms, a magnetic circuit behavior trend map is constructed. This solves the problem that existing technologies lack a method to identify the critical instability point of the magnetic circuit in real time, resulting in a qualitative leap in the intelligence level of the motor. The controller is no longer a passive response but can identify saturation or back EMF rising trends in advance, thereby achieving preventive control and intervening before instability occurs. When the second derivative of the magnetic flux density, i.e., the magnetic energy accumulation acceleration, is detected to exceed the threshold, the controller will immediately execute an energy offset action, causing the insert to briefly insert into the bypass cavity to absorb the increase in magnetic energy, and then exit to restore the topology. This prediction-based active intervention and energy buffering mechanism greatly improves system stability, avoids the impact of magnetic circuit saturation or back EMF spikes on the motor body and controller, and significantly improves the robustness and service life of the system. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is an isometric view of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a diagram of the internal structure of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 This is an exploded view of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the magnetic yoke of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating the method steps of the present invention.

[0039] The components are: 1. Housing; 2. End cover; 3. Rotor shaft; 4. Controller; 5. Iron core; 6. Commutator; 7. Support plate; 8. Rotor winding; 9. Magnetic yoke; 10. Stator pole; 11. Bypass cavity; 12. Miniature drive unit; 13. Soft magnetic insert; 14. Speed ​​sensor; 15. Magnetic flux sensor; 16. Bearing. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Specific Implementation Example 1:

[0042] like Figures 1 to 5As shown, a wide-speed, high-efficiency magneto based on self-adjusting magnetic circuit parameters includes a housing 1. The housing 1 has a high-rigidity annular support wall, and its inner wall is machined with a precisely positioned mounting reference to ensure the stable fixation of the magnetic yoke 9 in the circumferential and radial directions and to maintain a constant air gap size between the rotor and stator. End caps 2 are provided at both ends of the housing 1. The end caps 2 and the housing 1 are coaxially positioned through a precision fitting structure. A high-precision bearing 16 cavity is formed inside the end caps 2 to stably support the rotor shaft 3 and ensure low runout and low vibration of the rotor during high-speed operation. The rotor shaft 3 is rotatably connected to the surface of the end caps 2. The rotor shaft 3 extends along the entire length of the end cap 2. The motor shaft 3 is axially oriented and made of high-strength metal material. It supports components such as the iron core 5, commutator 6, and rotor winding 8. The outer surface of the rotor shaft 3 is fixed to the iron core 5 by a precise press-fitting process. The iron core 5 adopts a laminated structure, which is made of multiple layers of silicon steel sheets. Each layer of silicon steel sheets has an insulating coating to reduce hysteresis loss and eddy current loss. The outer circular surface of the iron core 5 is machined with a slotted structure to accommodate the rotor winding 8. The rotor winding 8 is made of enameled copper wire and is tightly arranged in the slots of the iron core 5. It is cured as a whole by an impregnation process to keep the winding stable during high-speed operation and avoid coil deformation caused by centrifugation.

[0043] The housing 1 contains a magnetic yoke 9 arranged in a ring, forming a magnetic flux loop on the stator side along the inner wall of the housing 1. The magnetic yoke 9 is made of a soft magnetic material with high permeability, and its outer surface is tightly fitted to the housing 1 to ensure the integrity of the magnetic circuit and low magnetic resistance. The inner wall of the magnetic yoke 9 contains stator magnetic poles 10 arranged in an equidistant circular array, with multiple stator magnetic poles 10 evenly distributed in the circumferential direction. Each stator magnetic pole 10 is integrally machined with the magnetic yoke 9 to form a continuous magnetic circuit. The pole face of the stator magnetic pole 10 faces the iron core 5 and is connected to the rotor winding. 8. A stable air gap coupling is formed. By optimizing the pole face width and pole arc angle, it can maintain a linear magnetic flux distribution at different speeds. The stator magnetic poles 10 are arranged in a circular array with multiple poles. The stator magnetic poles 10 form a uniform magnetic field through precise angular distribution, so that the magnetic circuit can maintain a stable magnetic flux distribution at different speeds. The stator magnetic poles 10 are in contact with the outer surfaces of the iron core 5 and the rotor winding 8, so that the entire magnetic circuit forms a continuous coupling in both mechanical and magnetic structures. Real-time magnetic circuit adjustment can be achieved through the soft magnetic inserts 13 in the bypass cavity 11.

[0044] A bypass cavity 11 is formed on the surface of the magnetic yoke 9. The bypass cavity 11 is arranged radially and penetrates a local area of ​​the magnetic yoke 9. It is used to provide movable magnetic circuit adjustment space for the soft magnetic insert 13. The inner wall of the bypass cavity 11 is ground to give it low friction characteristics, ensuring rapid response and repeatability of the insertion and withdrawal of the soft magnetic insert 13. A locally variable reluctance path is formed between the bypass cavity 11 and the stator magnetic pole 10, so that the magnetic circuit can be adjusted in real time according to the operating state. A micro drive unit 12 is installed inside the bypass cavity 11. The micro drive unit 12 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the housing 1. It is axially aligned with the bypass cavity 11 through a slender guide section to achieve linear drive of the soft magnetic insert 13. The micro drive unit 12 can perform uniform displacement, rapid step displacement, or fine micro displacement, ensuring that the insertion depth of the soft magnetic insert 13 can be adjusted within milliseconds. The end of the micro drive unit 12 is provided with a soft magnetic insert 13, which is made of high magnetic permeability material and undergoes heat treatment and surface finishing. Its bottom surface is precisely machined into a flat surface that matches the bypass cavity 11, so that the magnetic resistance change is linear or quasi-linear when it is inserted into the cavity. The insertion depth of the soft magnetic insert 13 determines the effective cross-sectional area of ​​the bypass magnetic circuit. By controlling the position of the soft magnetic insert 13, the magnetic resistance of the magnetic circuit can be quickly adjusted, thereby making the magnetic flux density of the stator pole 10 automatically change according to the rotation speed and load.

[0045] A controller 4 is mounted on the surface of the housing 1. The controller 4 is electrically connected to the micro-drive unit 12, the magnetic flux sensor 15, and the speed sensor 14 via wires. The controller 4 contains a magnetic flux trend prediction module and a reluctance self-adjustment control module. It can determine the state of the magnetic circuit based on real-time magnetic flux signals and calculate the optimal insertion depth of the soft magnetic insert 13 based on the rate of change of the magnetic circuit. The controller 4 is also used to calculate the rate of change and trend of change of the magnetic flux waveform in real time and to adaptively adjust the magnetic circuit at different operating stages, ensuring high-efficiency output of the motor throughout the entire speed range. A speed sensor 14 is mounted at the end of the rotor shaft 3, positioned close to the end cover 2, and is used to measure the speed change of the rotor shaft 3 in real time. A magnetic flux sensor 15 is provided on the side of the stator pole 10. The magnetic flux sensor 15 is close to the high-sensitivity area of ​​the lateral magnetic circuit of the stator pole 10 and is used to measure the instantaneous change of local magnetic flux density. Its signal provides basic data for the controller 4 to build a magnetic flux trend prediction model. A commutator 6 is provided on the surface of the rotor shaft 3. The commutator 6 is fixed to the rotor shaft 3 by a fastening structure and maintains an electrical connection with the rotor winding 8. A support plate 7 is provided on the side of the commutator 6. The support plate 7 is connected to the inner wall of the housing 1 and is used to provide circumferential support for the commutator 6 and reduce vibration during high-speed operation. A bearing 16 is provided inside the end cover 2. The bearing 16 is used to support the rotor shaft 3 and maintain a tight fit with the end cover 2 so that the rotor maintains a stable rotation trajectory during high-speed operation. Specific Implementation Example 2:

[0047] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, based on the content of the above specific embodiments, the following content is further disclosed:

[0048] The adjustment method includes the following steps:

[0049] Sp1: The controller 4 collects the rate of change of magnetic flux density from the magnetic flux sensor 15 and the change of back electromotive force from the speed sensor 14, and constructs a magnetic circuit trend prediction model based on the data to obtain the future trend state of the magnetic circuit.

[0050] The controller 4 acquires the magnetic flux density change rate output by the magnetic flux sensor 15 and the back electromotive force change data obtained by the speed sensor 14. The controller 4 performs anti-aliasing filtering and noise suppression on the acquired raw magnetic flux density signal and calculates the first-order and second-order rates of change of magnetic flux density. The controller 4 also performs multi-point smoothing processing on the back electromotive force signal to obtain the growth slope of the back electromotive force over time. Based on the above-processed magnetic flux density change rate, second-order rate of change of magnetic flux density and back electromotive force growth slope, the controller 4 constructs a real-time magnetic circuit trend prediction model. This prediction model consists of an online updated equivalent magnetoresistance estimation module, a magnetic flux density dynamic response module, and a short-time magnetic field evolution inference module. The model generates a prediction curve of the magnetic flux change trend of the magnetic circuit within the next five to twenty milliseconds by jointly analyzing the equivalent magnetoresistance change, magnetic field establishment rate, back electromotive force growth trend, and speed change trend. This includes whether the magnetic flux has entered the rising region, whether it is close to the material saturation region, and whether there are signs of rapid growth or decay of the magnetic field, thereby obtaining the basis for judging the future trend state of the magnetic circuit.

[0051] Sp2: Based on future trend states, the magnetic circuit state is divided into three types: boosting state, limiting state, and falling state. The three magnetic circuit states correspond to the following: boosting state corresponds to the magnetic flux growth trend, in which the soft magnetic insert 13 is inserted into the main channel of the magnetic circuit to improve the magnetomotive force efficiency; limiting state corresponds to the magnetic flux approaching saturation or the back electromotive force rising rapidly, in which the soft magnetic insert 13 is partially inserted to form a composite magnetoresistive path, thereby limiting the magnetic flux growth; falling state corresponds to the magnetic flux decline trend, in which the soft magnetic insert 13 is withdrawn into the bypass cavity 11 to reduce the back electromotive force.

[0052] Based on the future trend of the magnetic circuit obtained by Sp1, the controller 4 divides the magnetic circuit state into three types: rising, limiting, and falling. The controller 4 judges key parameters such as the magnetic flux growth rate, the second-order magnetic flux growth rate, and the back EMF growth slope in the prediction curve. When the predicted magnetic flux value continues to rise within the future time window and does not approach the saturation range, the controller 4 judges the current magnetic circuit as rising. When the predicted magnetic flux reaches or approaches the material saturation limit, or when the predicted back EMF shows a rapid upward trend in a short period of time, the controller 4 judges it as limiting. When the predicted magnetic flux shows a continuous downward trend, or when the magnetic flux recovery rate exceeds the threshold, the controller 4 judges it as falling. During the judgment process, the controller 4 calculates the trend deviation, the peak growth position, and the back EMF increase, and generates a comprehensive state diagram of the three types of states to guide the execution of subsequent insert actions.

[0053] Sp3: Based on the magnetic circuit state, control the micro drive unit 12 to drive the soft magnetic insert 13 to adjust its insertion depth at a fixed speed or in a step manner, thereby changing the magnetic reluctance topology of the magnetic circuit.

[0054] Based on the magnetic circuit state obtained from Sp2, the controller 4 controls the micro-drive unit 12 to drive the soft magnetic insert 13 to adjust the insertion depth at a fixed speed or in a step motion. The controller 4 calculates the target insertion depth based on the current displacement of the insert, the predicted trend of the magnetic circuit, the equivalent magnetic reluctance offset, and other data, and generates the insert displacement curve. When the micro-drive unit 12 performs the insert displacement, it adopts a step-by-step acceleration method so that the insert enters the magnetic circuit at a slow speed in the initial stage of insertion to avoid sudden changes in magnetic reluctance. If the magnetic circuit prediction result shows that the magnetic flux will grow rapidly in the future time window and approach the saturation critical point, the controller 4 will call the step adjustment strategy to make the soft magnetic insert 13 insert rapidly at a preset magnetic reluctance step amplitude, so that the equivalent magnetic reluctance of the magnetic circuit produces a controllable sudden change to suppress the growth of magnetic flux. The drive unit 12 feeds back the displacement to the controller 4 in real time during the insert displacement process to ensure precise control of the insert position.

[0055] Sp4: When the controller 4 determines that the reluctance adjustment has not reached the preset magnetic flux response, it calculates a new magnetic circuit adjustment strategy and readjusts the position of the soft magnetic insert 13 to achieve continuous evolution of the magnetic circuit topology.

[0056] When the controller 4 determines that the reluctance adjustment has not met the preset magnetic flux response requirements, the controller 4 compares the difference between the predicted magnetic flux curve and the actual measured magnetic flux curve, and calculates a new magnetic circuit adjustment strategy through trend deviation analysis and error inversion algorithm. After obtaining the new adjustment strategy, the controller 4 recalculates the insertion depth of the soft magnetic insert 13 and issues a new displacement trajectory to make the soft magnetic insert 13 perform a secondary adjustment. The calculation of this strategy includes factors such as the direction of the prediction error, the rate of error change, and the degree of magnetic flux response lag. Based on these factors, the action parameters of the insert are adjusted. When the micro drive unit 12 performs the secondary adjustment, its acceleration, maximum stroke, and response speed are strictly limited by the controller 4 to avoid magnetic flux fluctuations. Through the above adjustments, the magnetic circuit topology gradually tends to the target reluctance level in continuous optimization, so that the magnetic circuit evolution shows a stable convergence trend.

[0057] Sp5: When the second derivative of the change in magnetic flux density exceeds the threshold, an energy shift action is performed, causing the soft magnetic insert 13 to be briefly inserted into the bypass cavity 11 to absorb the increase in magnetic energy, and then exiting to restore the magnetic circuit topology.

[0058] When the second derivative of the change in magnetic flux density exceeds the threshold, the controller 4 determines that the magnetic circuit has a rapid accumulation of magnetic energy. At this time, the controller 4 performs an energy shift action, causing the soft magnetic insert 13 to be briefly inserted into the bypass cavity 11. The bypass cavity 11 is used to change the magnetic field distribution, so that local magnetic energy is transferred into the cavity to form a magnetic energy buffer. During the period when the soft magnetic insert 13 stays in the bypass cavity 11, the peak magnetic flux density of the main channel of the magnetic circuit is reduced, thereby suppressing the peak magnetization phenomenon. After completing the energy shift action, the controller 4 commands the micro drive unit 12 to make the soft magnetic insert 13 exit the bypass cavity 11 and return to a stable position near the main channel of the magnetic circuit to restore the normal topology of the magnetic circuit.

[0059] The step magnetoresistive modulation strategy is achieved by preset magnetoresistive step amplitude and rapid displacement of the insert. When the controller 4 detects that the magnetic circuit has entered the vicinity of the saturation critical point, it causes the micro drive unit 12 to perform a single rapid displacement through a short-time high-response command, so that the magnetoresistive changes in a controllable change in a very short time. The strategy includes execution details such as magnetoresistive change amplitude calculation, insert speed constraint control, and position deviation correction. The bypass cavity 11 is set with a permeability gradient. When the soft magnetic insert 13 enters at different depths, it will generate magnetic field disturbances of different intensities to the flux sensor 15. The controller 4 collects the disturbance during the movement of the soft magnetic insert 13 and compares it with the calibration curve. Based on the disturbance amplitude, it deduces the actual position of the soft magnetic insert 13, thereby realizing the self-calibration of the insertion depth. This calibration method does not rely on additional sensors and improves the robustness of the system.

[0060] The controller 4 determines the magnetic energy surge region by detecting the peak position and peak amplitude of the second derivative of the magnetic flux density. When the second derivative exceeds the threshold, the controller 4 determines that the magnetic field has entered the unstable region and immediately triggers the bypass energy offset to release the magnetic energy smoothly and avoid saturation oscillation caused by rapid accumulation of the magnetic field. After identifying the commutation phase, the controller 4 limits the displacement of the soft magnetic insert 13 to the region with the lowest magnetic potential to reduce magnetic field disturbance. The identification of the commutation phase is achieved by acquiring the commutator signal. The controller 4 automatically establishes a magnetic flux phase reference table according to the commutation cycle so that the action of the soft magnetic insert 13 is always completed within the safe window of minimum magnetic energy.

[0061] Furthermore, the magnetic circuit state data is acquired as follows: the controller 4 collects magnetic circuit operation data from the flux sensor 15 and the speed sensor 14 respectively. The flux sensor 15 is installed near the main channel of the magnetic circuit, and its output is the original signal of the magnetic flux density that changes with time. The controller 4 performs anti-aliasing filtering and noise suppression on this signal, and calculates the first-order and second-order rates of change of the magnetic flux density to reflect the growth rate and acceleration of the magnetic energy of the magnetic circuit. The speed sensor 14 outputs the rotor position and mechanical speed signals. The controller 4 obtains the back EMF time change curve in each electric cycle based on the speed change and the motional EMF change measured during the commutation stage, and calculates the slope of the back EMF growth with time. The position of the soft magnetic insert 13 is fed back by the micro drive unit 12. Its displacement directly changes the equivalent magnetic reluctance of the magnetic circuit, enabling the controller 4 to establish the correspondence between "insert position - magnetic reluctance change" through the equivalent magnetic reluctance estimation module. The magnetic field disturbance caused by the soft magnetic insert 13 at different depths is detected by the flux sensor 15. The controller 4 uses the disturbance amplitude to compare with the preset calibration curve to achieve self-calibration of the insert insertion depth.

[0062] Input, output, and function of the magnetic circuit trend prediction model: Controller 4 constructs a real-time magnetic circuit trend prediction model based on data such as the rate of change of magnetic flux density, the second-order rate of change of magnetic flux density, the slope of the back electromotive force growth, the magnetic circuit saturation, and the rotational speed change trend. The model includes three parts: an equivalent magnetic reluctance estimation module, a magnetic flux density dynamic response module, and a short-time magnetic field evolution inference module. The equivalent magnetic reluctance estimation module estimates the current magnetic circuit reluctance based on the current position of the soft magnetic insert and the magnitude of the magnetic flux disturbance. The magnetic flux density dynamic response module determines whether the magnetic flux has entered the critical region based on the rate of change of magnetic flux and the material saturation curve. The short-time magnetic field evolution inference module predicts the magnitude, direction of change, and potential peak position of the magnetic flux within the next five to twenty milliseconds based on the short-time change trend of existing data. The output of the model is the magnetic circuit trend status, including whether the magnetic flux has entered the continuously rising region, whether it is close to the material saturation region, whether the back electromotive force has risen rapidly in a short period of time, and whether there is a sudden increase or decrease in the magnetic field, which is used as the basis for controller 4 to adjust the action of the soft magnetic insert 13.

[0063] The three categories of magnetic circuit state determination are based on the trend prediction results: the controller 4 classifies the magnetic circuit state into three categories: rising, limiting, and falling.

[0064] Enhanced state: When the magnetic flux shows a continuous upward trend within the predicted time window, and neither the magnetic flux density nor the second-order rate of change of the magnetic flux density has reached the material saturation critical value, and the slope of the back electromotive force growth is within the normal range, the controller 4 determines it to be in the enhanced state. In this case, there is still room for improvement in the magnetic flux density of the magnetic circuit. The controller 4 pushes the soft magnetic insert 13 to be inserted into the direction of the main channel of the magnetic circuit to improve the magnetic potential transmission efficiency.

[0065] Limiting state: When the predicted magnetic flux approaches the material saturation region, or the slope of the back EMF increases significantly in a short period of time, the controller 4 determines that it is a limiting state. At this time, in order to prevent the magnetic flux from continuing to rise and causing saturation, the controller 4 instructs the soft magnetic insert 13 to partially insert into the main channel of the magnetic circuit, so that the magnetic circuit forms a composite magnetoresistive path, thereby suppressing the growth of magnetic flux and limiting the rise of back EMF.

[0066] Fallback state: When the predicted magnetic flux shows a downward trend or the sign of the second-order rate of change of magnetic flux density is continuously negative and the decline exceeds the fallback threshold, the controller 4 determines it to be a fallback state. At this time, the controller 4 causes the soft magnetic insert 13 to exit into the depth of the bypass cavity, reducing the magnetic resistance of the main channel of the magnetic circuit, so that the magnetic flux falls back smoothly and avoids the back EMF from oscillating.

[0067] During the judgment process, the controller 4 comprehensively evaluates the trend deviation, the position of the growth peak and the increase of the back EMF, and constructs a comprehensive state diagram of the three types of magnetic circuit states to determine the action amplitude, execution timing and subsequent adjustment strategy of the soft magnetic insert 13.

[0068] Adjustment methods and control strategies for the soft magnetic insert: Depending on the magnetic circuit state, the controller 4 outputs two adjustment methods: Fixed speed insertion method: When the magnetic circuit is in a lifting state, the controller 4 generates a smooth insertion displacement curve, and the micro-drive unit 12 moves the insert in a stepwise acceleration manner to make the magnetic reluctance change stable and continuous; Step reluctance modulation method: When it is predicted that the magnetic circuit will enter the saturation critical point or the back EMF rise critical point in a short time, the controller 4 triggers the step reluctance modulation strategy; In this strategy, the controller 4 calculates the required magnetic reluctance step amplitude and instructs the micro-drive unit 12 to perform a single short displacement at a high speed, so that the soft magnetic insert 13 changes the magnetic circuit reluctance in a very short time, thereby suppressing the rapid growth of magnetic flux. During the movement of the soft magnetic insert 13, the controller 4 continuously receives the position data fed back by the drive unit 12 and performs real-time correction in combination with magnetic flux disturbance to ensure that the movement of the soft magnetic insert 13 is accurately executed.

[0069] The secondary adjustment mechanism for continuous magnetic circuit evolution: When the actual magnetic flux response after reluctance adjustment does not reach the predicted target, the controller 4 performs error inversion calculation based on the deviation between the predicted magnetic flux curve and the actual measured curve. The controller 4 regenerates the action strategy based on the error direction, error change rate and magnetic flux response lag, determines the new insertion depth and displacement trajectory of the soft magnetic insert 13, and instructs the micro drive unit 12 to perform secondary adjustment. Through this closed-loop correction mechanism, the magnetic circuit topology gradually approaches the target reluctance level in continuous evolution, so that the magnetic circuit stably converges to the optimal magnetic flux density range.

[0070] The principle of energy shifting triggered by the second derivative of magnetic flux density: When the second rate of change of magnetic flux density exceeds a set threshold, it indicates that the rate of change of the magnetic field is too high and there is a rapid accumulation of magnetic energy in the magnetic circuit. The threshold is determined by the motor saturation curve, the magnetic energy density limit of the magnetic material, and the allowable back EMF increase of the system. When this situation is detected, the controller 4 immediately executes the energy shifting action, causing the soft magnetic insert 13 to be briefly inserted into the bypass cavity 11. The permeability of the bypass cavity 11 is arranged in a gradually changing structure. After the soft magnetic insert 13 enters it, some magnetic flux will be guided to the bypass cavity 11, forming a magnetic energy buffer area, thereby reducing the peak magnetic flux of the main magnetic circuit and suppressing the back EMF spike. After the soft magnetic insert 13 stays in the bypass cavity 11 for a short time, the controller 4 instructs the drive unit 12 to withdraw the insert to a stable position and restore the normal magnetic reluctance layout of the main channel of the magnetic circuit.

[0071] Commutation phase-related action window limitation mechanism: The controller 4 establishes a motor flux phase reference table based on the commutation signal output by the commutator 6. The controller 4 only allows the soft magnetic insert 13 to complete the displacement operation within the safe window with the lowest magnetic potential, thereby avoiding additional magnetic field disturbances in the range with higher magnetic potential. Through this window limitation mechanism, the action of the soft magnetic insert 13 has the least impact on the normal operation of the magnetic circuit, and the magnetic field stability is guaranteed.

[0072] Controller 4 uses the following state variables in the magnetic circuit trend prediction model:

[0073] Magnetic flux density change rate: This represents the rate at which the magnetic flux density of a magnetic circuit changes per unit time. It is used to determine how fast the magnetic energy of a magnetic circuit is increasing. A continuous increase indicates that there is still room for improvement in the magnetic circuit, while a rapid increase may indicate that it is approaching saturation.

[0074] Second-order rate of change of magnetic flux density: This represents the rate of change of magnetic flux with time, reflecting the acceleration of magnetic energy accumulation in the magnetic circuit. An increase in the second derivative indicates rapid accumulation of magnetic energy, which may lead to magnetic circuit spikes or a sudden increase in back EMF.

[0075] Back EMF growth slope: reflects the rate of change of potential generated under rotor motion, used to determine whether the magnetic circuit energy has increased abnormally rapidly. A rapid rise in back EMF indicates that the magnetic circuit may have entered a restricted state.

[0076] Magnetic circuit saturation coefficient: This represents the proportion of the current magnetic flux density of the magnetic circuit material to the saturation limit, and is used to determine whether the magnetic flux is close to saturation. When it is close to saturation, the increase of magnetic flux needs to be limited.

[0077] Threshold usage:

[0078] Magnetic flux growth threshold: used to determine the boosting state. When the rate of change of magnetic flux density is lower than this threshold and not close to saturation, the controller 4 considers that the magnetic circuit can continue to boost.

[0079] Back EMF Limit Threshold: Used to determine the limiting state. When the predicted back EMF growth exceeds this threshold, controller 4 will trigger the insertion of the soft magnetic insert to form a composite magnetoresistive path.

[0080] Second derivative threshold of magnetic flux: used to trigger the Sp5 energy shift action. When the second derivative of magnetic flux exceeds the threshold, it indicates that magnetic energy is accumulating rapidly. Controller 4 will immediately execute the operation of inserting the plate into the bypass cavity to achieve magnetic energy buffering.

[0081] Fallback threshold: Used to determine whether the magnetic flux decline trend has entered a fallback state. When the magnetic flux decline speed exceeds the fallback threshold, the controller 4 will cause the soft magnetic insert to exit into the bypass cavity to reduce the back EMF.

[0082] The threshold is determined by the motor design parameters, the saturation characteristics of the magnetic material, and the system safety indicators, and can be obtained through experiments and calibration.

[0083] Sp5 threshold judgment method: The controller 4 obtains the original magnetic flux density signal through the magnetic flux sensor 15 and calculates the first and second order rates of change. When the second order rate of change exceeds the preset threshold within the sliding time window, the controller 4 determines that the magnetic circuit has entered a state of rapid magnetic energy accumulation. The controller 4 immediately commands the micro drive unit 12 to insert the soft magnetic insert 13 into the bypass cavity 11 to redistribute the local magnetic flux and form a magnetic energy buffer, thereby suppressing the magnetic flux peak and back EMF spike. After the magnetic energy buffer is completed, the controller 4 commands the soft magnetic insert 13 to exit the bypass cavity, and the magnetic circuit returns to the stable main channel topology to ensure continuous and stable motor operation. Specific Implementation Example 3:

[0085] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, based on the content of the above specific embodiments, the following content is further disclosed:

[0086] A magnetic circuit trend prediction model and control algorithm for a wide-speed, high-efficiency magneto based on self-adjustment of magnetic circuit parameters are used to guide the dynamic adjustment of the soft magnetic insert 13, thereby achieving reluctance topology optimization and magnetic circuit energy management.

[0087] Magnetic circuit trend prediction model: This model consists of three core modules:

[0088] Equivalent magnetoresistance estimation module: This module calculates the current equivalent magnetoresistance of the magnetic circuit in real time, which is used to reflect the overall magnetoresistance topology of the magnetic circuit. The input data includes the position of the soft magnetic insert 13, the rate of change of magnetic flux density and the rotation speed information output by the rotation speed sensor. The output equivalent magnetoresistance value is used to determine whether the magnetic circuit is close to saturation or needs to adjust the insert depth.

[0089] Magnetic flux density dynamic response module: This module predicts the future magnetic flux growth trend and peak position based on the first and second rate of change of magnetic flux density. The input is the rate of change of magnetic flux density and the second rate of change of magnetic flux density after signal processing by magnetic flux sensor 15, and the output is the magnetic flux change trend curve, which is used to determine the rising, limiting or falling state.

[0090] Short-time magnetic field evolution inference module: This module analyzes the changes in the magnetic field within the next 5 to 20 milliseconds, determines the rate of magnetic energy accumulation and the potential peak position. The inputs are the back EMF growth slope, the rotation speed change trend and the equivalent magnetic reluctance change. The output is the short-time magnetic field evolution curve, which provides a basis for energy offset triggering and insert action amplitude planning.

[0091] Through the joint analysis of the above three modules, the controller 4 can generate the future trend state of the magnetic circuit, including whether the magnetic flux has entered the rising region, whether it is close to the material saturation region, and whether there are signs of rapid growth or decay of the magnetic field, thereby obtaining the basis for judging the future state of the magnetic circuit.

[0092] The core control algorithm includes the following parts:

[0093] State determination algorithm: Controller 4 divides the magnetic circuit into three states based on predicted trends:

[0094] Enhanced state: The magnetic flux continues to increase but is not close to saturation. The soft magnetic insert is inserted into the main channel of the magnetic circuit to improve the magnetomotive force efficiency.

[0095] Limiting state: When the magnetic flux is close to saturation or the back EMF rises rapidly, the soft magnetic insert is partially inserted to form a composite magnetoresistive path to limit the growth of magnetic flux.

[0096] Falling state: The magnetic flux shows a clear downward trend, and the soft magnetic insert is controlled to exit into the bypass cavity to reduce the back EMF;

[0097] The criteria for judgment include the magnetic flux growth rate, the second-order rate of change of magnetic flux, the back EMF increase, and the degree of magnetic circuit saturation. The controller generates a comprehensive diagram of three states through trend deviation analysis and peak position calculation to guide the execution of the insert action.

[0098] Magnetoresistive active reconstruction algorithm: Based on the state determination result, controller 4 controls micro-drive unit 12 to drive soft magnetic insert 13 to adjust the insertion depth.

[0099] Fixed speed insertion: Smoothly adjust the soft magnetic insert 13 in the lifting state to improve magnetomotive force efficiency;

[0100] Step insertion: Rapidly adjust the soft magnetic insert 13 under the restricted state to achieve a sudden change in magnetic reluctance and suppress rapid growth of magnetic flux;

[0101] Removing the insert: In the fallback state, it is removed into the bypass cavity to reduce back EMF;

[0102] The controller 4 calculates the target insertion depth and generates a displacement trajectory based on the current displacement of the soft magnetic insert 13, the predicted trend of the magnetic circuit, and the equivalent magnetic reluctance offset. The micro drive unit 12 executes the insert displacement step by step to ensure smooth and accurate operation.

[0103] Magnetic circuit continuous evolution algorithm: When the reluctance adjustment does not reach the preset magnetic flux response, the controller 4 calculates a new magnetic circuit adjustment strategy by comparing the difference between the predicted magnetic flux curve and the actual measured curve and issues a secondary adjustment displacement trajectory to achieve continuous evolution. This strategy takes into account the direction of prediction error, the rate of error change and the degree of magnetic flux response lag to ensure the stable convergence of the magnetic circuit topology.

[0104] Energy offset triggering algorithm: The controller 4 determines the region of sudden increase in magnetic energy by monitoring the second derivative of the magnetic flux density. When the second derivative exceeds the threshold, it is determined that the magnetic circuit has a rapid accumulation of magnetic energy, triggering the soft magnetic insert 13 to briefly insert into the bypass cavity to absorb the magnetic energy, and then withdraw to restore the normal topology of the magnetic circuit. This process is used to suppress magnetic flux spikes and reduce back EMF.

[0105] Commutation synchronization control algorithm: Based on the phase signal of commutator 6, controller 4 limits the displacement action of soft magnetic insert 13 to the lowest magnetic potential range, reducing magnetic field disturbance and energy loss, and ensuring that the action of soft magnetic insert 13 is always completed within the safe window. Specific Implementation Example 4:

[0107] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, based on the content of the above specific embodiments, the following content is further disclosed:

[0108] In addition to the external structures such as the housing 1 and the rotor, the wide-speed, high-efficiency magneto system based on self-adjustment of magnetic circuit parameters also includes the following core modules:

[0109] Controller 4 Module: Controller 4 module is responsible for receiving all sensor signals, executing the magnetic circuit trend prediction model and control algorithm, and issuing drive commands. Its main functions include: real-time acquisition of signals from the magnetic flux sensor and speed sensor; filtering, denoising, and calculating the rate of the acquired signals; predicting the future state of the magnetic circuit based on the model output; executing magnetoresistive active reconstruction, energy offset, and commutation synchronization control algorithms; calculating the target insertion depth and displacement trajectory of the soft magnetic insert based on the magnetic circuit state; generating a comprehensive diagram of three states and guiding the insert action.

[0110] Magnetic flux sensing module: The magnetic flux sensing module is installed near the stator magnetic pole 10 and is used to measure the magnetic flux density and its rate of change. Its functions include: providing real-time magnetic flux density data to the controller; outputting magnetic flux change information after noise suppression and filtering; providing input data for the trend prediction model; and providing physical quantity basis for energy offset triggering.

[0111] Rotational speed and back EMF acquisition module: This module acquires rotational speed data through sensors installed at the rotor end and measures the back EMF change through commutator signals. Its functions include: providing the current rotor speed and its trend; outputting the back EMF signal and smoothing it; calculating the back EMF growth rate; and providing key state variables for magnetic circuit trend prediction.

[0112] Miniature drive unit 12 module: Miniature drive unit 12 is used to drive soft magnetic insert 13 to realize magnetoresistive topology adjustment and energy offset. Its functions include: precisely adjusting the insertion depth of soft magnetic insert 13 according to the instructions of controller 4, supporting fixed speed and step displacement mode, feeding back the displacement information of soft magnetic insert 13 to controller 4 in real time, performing secondary adjustment, and realizing continuous evolution of magnetic circuit.

[0113] Soft magnetic insert 13 module: The soft magnetic insert 13 is a reluctance adjustable element used to adjust the equivalent reluctance and magnetic energy distribution of the magnetic circuit. Its functions include: inserting into the main channel of the magnetic circuit in the lifting state to improve the magnetomotive force efficiency; partially inserting in the limiting state to form a composite reluctance path to limit the magnetic flux growth; exiting the bypass cavity in the falling state to reduce the back electromotive force; and participating in the energy shift of the bypass cavity to achieve magnetic energy buffering.

[0114] Bypass cavity 11 module: Bypass cavity 11 forms an adjustable branch of magnetic circuit, which is used to temporarily absorb magnetic energy and provide a reference for the position of the insert. Its functions include: accepting soft magnetic insert 13 when the magnetic energy suddenly increases to achieve magnetic energy buffering; providing a magnetic permeability gradient for self-calibration of the insert position; and feeding back the magnetic field disturbance signal to the controller to achieve precise control of the insert depth.

[0115] Trend prediction and judgment module: This module is integrated into the controller 4. It runs a model based on the collected magnetic flux density change rate, second derivative, back EMF growth rate and rotational speed data. Its functions include: predicting the magnetic flux change trend of the magnetic circuit in the next 5 to 20 milliseconds; judging whether the magnetic circuit state is improving, limiting or declining based on the trend; calculating the trend deviation, growth peak and back EMF increase; and generating a comprehensive state diagram to guide the action of the soft magnetic insert 13.

[0116] Energy Management Module: The energy management module utilizes the second derivative of magnetic flux and magnetic circuit state information to achieve magnetic energy regulation. Its functions include: identifying magnetic flux spikes and magnetic energy surge regions; triggering the insertion of soft magnetic insert 13 into the bypass cavity to absorb magnetic energy; controlling the exit of soft magnetic insert 13 to restore the normal magnetic circuit topology; ensuring stable operation of the magnetic circuit and reducing energy loss.

[0117] The various modules of the system work together to achieve closed-loop control: the flux sensing module and the speed acquisition module provide real-time data, the controller 4 module predicts the future state of the magnetic circuit according to the model, the trend determination module divides the state into lifting, limiting and falling states, the micro drive unit 12 and the soft magnetic insert 13 adjust the reluctance topology according to the state, the bypass cavity 11 and the energy management module realize buffering when the magnetic energy suddenly increases, and the controller 4 continuously receives feedback and performs continuous evolution and commutation synchronization control. Specific Implementation Example 5:

[0119] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, based on the content of the above specific embodiments, the following content is further disclosed:

[0120] To further verify the feasibility of the technical solution in this application, the following case study is provided:

[0121] Case 1: Starting and Climbing of Electric Vehicles (EVs) under Low-Speed, High-Torque Conditions;

[0122] Scenario: An electric car equipped with this motor is parked on a steep underground parking garage exit ramp after being fully loaded with passengers. The driver needs to start the vehicle and smoothly climb the ramp.

[0123] When the driver presses the accelerator, the controller 4 receives a high torque command. The speed sensor 14 detects that the speed is 0 and the magnetic flux sensor 15 detects the initial magnetic flux. The magnetic circuit trend prediction model of the controller 4, combined with the high torque demand and low speed, predicts the maximum magnetomotive force that the magnetic circuit needs to maximize. The model predicts that the magnetic flux has a large growth space and is not close to saturation. The controller 4 determines the current magnetic circuit state as an improvement state. In order to achieve "improved magnetomotive force efficiency", the controller 4 instructs the micro drive unit 12 to drive the soft magnetic insert 13 to be fully inserted into the main channel of the magnetic circuit. This action reduces the magnetic resistance of the magnetic circuit to the minimum and maximizes the magnetic flux density, thereby generating the maximum starting torque at low speed. During the slow start-up of the vehicle, the controller 4 will precisely control the micro drive unit 12 to make fine adjustments only in the lowest magnetomotive force range according to the phase signal of the commutator 6. This avoids magnetic field disturbance and energy loss caused by adjusting the insert during the peak of the magnetomotive force, ensuring a smooth and efficient torque output.

[0124] Performance: The motor receives maximum magnetic field support at startup, allowing the vehicle to climb steep slopes smoothly and powerfully from a standstill without any shaking or "insufficient torque," achieving efficient low-speed, high-torque output.

[0125] Case 2: High-speed and dynamic switching during highway cruising and rapid acceleration overtaking;

[0126] Scenario: The vehicle is cruising at an economical speed of 120 km / h on the highway. At this time, the driver needs to accelerate quickly to 140 km / h to complete the overtaking maneuver under high load in the high-speed zone.

[0127] Phase 1: High-speed cruise (120km / h): The speed sensor 14 detects a continuous high speed. In order to avoid excessive back EMF, the predictive model of the controller 4 determines the magnetic circuit to be in a fallback state. The controller 4 instructs the micro drive unit 12 to completely remove the soft magnetic insert 13 from the main magnetic circuit and retract it into the bypass cavity 11.

[0128] Effect: The magnetic reluctance of the magnetic circuit is maximized, and the magnetic flux is weakened, thereby "reducing the back EMF", allowing the motor to maintain high-speed cruising with low energy consumption;

[0129] Phase Two: Rapid Acceleration Overtaking (120->140km / h): The driver presses the accelerator pedal deeply, the controller 4 detects a high power request, the speed sensor 14 shows that the speed begins to rise, the magnetic circuit trend prediction model constructs a magnetic circuit behavior trend map in real time, predicting in advance that the magnetic circuit will enter a state of near magnetic flux saturation or rapid increase in back EMF due to changes in speed and load in the next 5-20ms. The magnetic circuit state is judged in advance as a restricted state. In order to avoid a sudden drop in efficiency, the controller 4 immediately executes the step magnetoresistive modulation strategy. The micro drive unit 12 operates with "high response speed" to partially insert the soft magnetic insert 13 to form a "composite magnetoresistive path". This action causes a "controllable abrupt change" in the magnetic circuit topology, accurately limiting the magnetic flux below the saturation point, while providing the extra torque required for overtaking.

[0130] Performance: The motor has a "millisecond-level" response. By predictively adjusting the magnetic circuit topology, the vehicle can still instantly generate strong acceleration torque at high speeds, making overtaking maneuvers quick and smooth. This perfectly solves the contradiction between high-speed weak magnets and high-torque strong magnets in traditional motors.

[0131] Case 3: Transient energy buffering during emergency braking of an industrial robotic arm;

[0132] Scenario: A multi-joint industrial robotic arm using this motor is grasping fragile items at high speed. Suddenly, the safety system detects an anomaly and triggers emergency braking.

[0133] When the robotic arm brakes suddenly, the motor windings generate a huge reverse current and magnetic flux surge. The magnetic flux sensor 15 detects a drastic change in magnetic flux density in a very short time. The controller 4 calculates the second derivative of the magnetic flux density in real time. The controller 4 determines that the second derivative of the magnetic flux instantaneously exceeds the threshold, indicating that there is a region of rapid accumulation or sudden increase in magnetic energy in the magnetic circuit. It immediately executes an energy offset action. The controller 4 instructs the micro drive unit 12 to drive the soft magnetic insert 13 to briefly insert into a specific depth of the bypass cavity 11. The bypass cavity 11 acts as a magnetic energy buffer at this time, absorbing or offsetting the transient peak magnetic energy of the main magnetic circuit, reducing it, and preventing the magnetic core from overheating or being damaged due to instantaneous oversaturation. After braking is completed, the second derivative of the magnetic flux returns to normal. The controller 4 instructs the soft magnetic insert 13 to exit the bypass cavity and restore the normal magnetic circuit topology. The controller 4 enters a continuous evolution state and quickly stabilizes the magnetic circuit through "secondary adjustment" to prepare for the next action.

[0134] Effect of use: Through the final magnetic energy buffering mechanism, the motor can actively absorb excess magnetic energy when subjected to extreme mechanical and electrical shocks, protecting the motor body and controller 4 from damage, and achieving highly robust and stable emergency braking.

[0135] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a reference structure" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes the element.

[0136] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A wide speed range high efficiency magneto based on self-adjustment of magnetic circuit parameters, comprising a housing (1), characterized in that: The both ends of the casing (1) are provided with end covers (2), the surface of the end cover (2) is rotatably connected with a rotor shaft (3), the surface of the rotor shaft (3) is provided with an iron core (5) and a rotor winding (8), the inside of the casing (1) is provided with a magnetic yoke (9), the inner wall of the magnetic yoke (9) is provided with a stator magnetic pole (10), the surface of the magnetic yoke (9) is provided with a bypass cavity (11), the inside of the bypass cavity (11) is provided with a micro drive unit (12), the end of the micro drive unit (12) is provided with a soft magnetic insert sheet (13), the surface of the casing (1) is provided with a controller (4), the end of the rotor shaft (3) is provided with a rotating speed sensor (14), the side of the stator magnetic pole (10) is provided with a magnetic flux sensor (15).

2. The wide speed range high efficiency magneto based on magnetic circuit parameter self-adjustment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the rotor shaft (3) is provided with a commutator (6), the side of the commutator (6) is provided with a support disc (7), and the support disc (7) is connected with the inner wall of the casing (1).

3. The magnetic circuit parameter self-adjusting wide speed range high efficiency magneto according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inside of the end cover (2) is provided with a bearing (16), the rotor shaft (3) is rotatably connected with the end cover (2) through the bearing (16), the stator magnetic pole (10) is arranged in a circumferential array, and the stator magnetic pole (10) is in close contact with the outer surface of the iron core (5) and the rotor winding (8).

4. The adjusting method corresponding to the wide speed range high efficiency magneto based on the self-adjustment of magnetic circuit parameters according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: The adjusting method comprises the following steps: Sp1: the controller (4) collects the magnetic flux density change rate of the magnetic flux sensor (15) and the back electromotive force change of the rotating speed sensor (14), constructs a magnetic circuit trend prediction model based on the data, and obtains the future trend state of the magnetic circuit; Sp2: according to the future trend state, the magnetic circuit state is divided into an improving state, a limiting state and a falling back state; Sp3: based on the magnetic circuit state, the micro drive unit (12) drives the soft magnetic insert sheet (13) to adjust the insertion depth in a fixed speed or step mode, so as to change the magnetic circuit reluctance topology; Sp4: when the controller (4) determines that the magnetic reluctance adjustment does not reach the preset magnetic flux response, a new magnetic circuit adjustment strategy is calculated, and the position of the soft magnetic insert sheet (13) is adjusted again to realize the continuous evolution of the magnetic circuit topology; Sp5: when the second order derivative of the magnetic flux density change exceeds a threshold value, an energy biasing action is performed, the soft magnetic insert sheet (13) is temporarily inserted into the bypass cavity (11) to absorb the magnetic energy increment, and then it is withdrawn to restore the magnetic circuit topology.

5. The adjusting method corresponding to the magnetic circuit parameter self-adjusting wide speed range high efficiency magneto of claim 4, characterized in that: The magnetic circuit trend prediction model in the Sp1 takes the magnetic flux density change rate, the magnetic circuit saturation coefficient and the back electromotive force growth slope as state variables, constructs a magnetic circuit behavior trend graph in real time, predicts the magnetic circuit evolution trend in the future 5-20 ms, and controls the micro drive unit (12) in advance to adjust the insertion depth of the soft magnetic insert sheet (13) in advance.

6. The adjusting method corresponding to the magnetic circuit parameter self-adjusting wide speed range high efficiency magneto of claim 4, characterized in that: The three magnetic circuit states in the Sp2 correspond to: The improving state corresponds to the magnetic flux growth trend, the soft magnetic insert sheet (13) is inserted into the magnetic circuit main channel direction to improve the magnetic potential efficiency; The limiting state corresponds to the magnetic flux close to saturation or the back electromotive force rapid rising trend, the soft magnetic insert sheet (13) is partially inserted to form a composite reluctance path, so as to limit the magnetic flux growth; The falling state corresponds to the magnetic flux decline trend, which makes the soft magnetic insert (13) exit into the bypass cavity (11) to reduce the back electromotive force.

7. The adjusting method corresponding to the magnetic circuit parameter self-adjusting wide speed range high efficiency magneto of claim 4, characterized in that: The insertion depth of the soft magnetic insert (13) in the Sp3 is controlled by the controller (4) to perform a step reluctance modulation strategy, that is, when it is detected that the magnetic circuit will enter the saturation critical point or the back electromotive force rising critical point, a high response speed is triggered to trigger a fixed amplitude ΔR of the reluctance step change, so that the magnetic circuit topology is controllably mutated.

8. The adjusting method corresponding to the magnetic circuit parameter self-adjusting wide speed range high efficiency magneto of claim 4, characterized in that: The bypass cavity (11) has a preset magnetic permeability gradient, and the controller (4) uses the magnetic field disturbance when the soft magnetic insert (13) enters the bypass cavity (11) as its position calibration signal to realize self-calibration of the insertion depth.

9. The adjusting method corresponding to the magnetic circuit parameter self-adjusting wide speed range high efficiency magneto of claim 4, characterized in that: The controller (4) judges the magnetic energy sudden increase area by detecting the peak interval of the second derivative of the magnetic flux density, and triggers the soft magnetic insert (13) to enter the bypass cavity (11) to realize magnetic energy buffering.

10. The adjusting method corresponding to the magnetic circuit parameter self-adjusting wide speed range high efficiency magneto of claim 4, characterized in that: The controller (4) controls the micro drive unit (12) to make the soft magnetic insert (13) only displace in the magnetic potential lowest interval according to the commutation phase of the commutator (6), so as to reduce the magnetic field disturbance and energy loss.

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