Personnel positioning system, method and device for underground powerhouse of hydropower station

Abstract

The invention discloses a hydropower station underground powerhouse personnel positioning system, method and device. The system comprises a personnel positioning terminal module, a passive sensing fusion module, a multimode sensing network module, a data transmission module, a data processing and monitoring center module and an early warning linkage module which are interconnected through an industrial protocol. The passive sensing fusion module comprises an entrance guard fingerprint machine unit, an entrance and exit face recognition gate unit, an important area face recognition camera unit and a passive data integration unit; the data processing and monitoring center module comprises a dual-mode positioning algorithm engine, corresponding weights are given to active data and passive data, and positioning results are fused through weighted average; and the early warning linkage module binds the personnel information with the dangerous area authority, triggers early warning according to the setting, and links the access control locking method, device and system to be matched and corresponding. The method has the advantages that the requirements of the pumped storage power station can be met, and the operation and maintenance cost is relatively low.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of pumped storage power station technology, and in particular to personnel positioning systems, methods and devices for underground powerhouses of hydropower stations. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, most pumped storage power stations in China are built in the form of underground powerhouses, which have many caverns and complex structures. In the event of fire, flooding of the powerhouse or other emergencies, it is difficult to effectively locate personnel inside the powerhouse, resulting in inefficient and inaccurate rescue operations and casualties.

[0003] The current mainstream personnel positioning system for pumped storage power stations is a precise personnel positioning system that uses base stations deployed throughout the plant and active transmitters worn by personnel. It also incorporates mobile internet technology to link personnel positioning and video surveillance by locating the tags worn by personnel. The personnel positioning system displays the real-time location and movement trajectory of the staff in a three-dimensional virtual power plant.

[0004] The initial investment is substantial, the underground plant has numerous complex chambers and tunnels, lacks GPS and BeiDou signals, contains many large pieces of equipment, and base station signal coverage has blind spots. In actual use, because the accuracy of personnel positioning depends on the number of positioning base stations and the rationality of the positioning algorithm, the positioning accuracy inside the power plant is not practical. False alarms often occur, such as personnel being located halfway up the plant wall or within the electronic fence, resulting in poor system usability. The personnel-worn devices require significant maintenance, needing to be carried and charged regularly, rendering the personnel positioning system largely inoperable and often out of service. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a personnel positioning system, method, and apparatus for underground powerhouses in hydropower stations. This invention has the advantages of meeting the needs of pumped storage power stations and having relatively low operation and maintenance costs.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention: The personnel positioning system for the underground powerhouse of a hydropower station includes a personnel positioning terminal module interconnected via an industrial protocol, a passive sensing fusion module, a multi-mode sensing network module, a data transmission module, a data processing and monitoring center module, and an early warning linkage module. The passive sensing fusion module includes an access control fingerprint machine unit, an entrance and exit face recognition gate unit, an important area face recognition camera unit, and a passive data integration unit; The data processing and monitoring center module includes a dual-mode positioning algorithm engine, which assigns corresponding weights to active and passive data and fuses the positioning results through weighted averaging. The early warning linkage module binds personnel information with access permissions for dangerous areas, triggers early warnings according to settings, and links to lock access control systems.

[0007] In the aforementioned personnel positioning system for underground powerhouses of hydropower stations, the passive sensing fusion module includes existing access control, personnel gates, and data transmission add-ons for hydropower stations, and is connected to the data transmission module via the ONVIF / RS485 protocol.

[0008] In the aforementioned personnel positioning system for underground powerhouses of hydropower stations, the data processing and monitoring center module includes two modes: operation period and maintenance period. The operation period is mainly passive, while the maintenance period switches to mainly active mode.

[0009] In the aforementioned personnel positioning system for underground powerhouses of hydropower stations, the early warning linkage module also includes a personnel statistics verification function module. The personnel statistics verification function module can compare the number of people entering the gate by facial recognition, the number of people swiping cards at the access control system, and the number of active terminals. If the difference is greater than 1, an early warning of abnormal personnel statistics is triggered.

[0010] The method and procedure for locating personnel in the underground powerhouse of a hydroelectric power station are as follows: S1. Passive device initialization and permission binding: Initially enter personnel information and associate it with dangerous area permissions. The personnel information includes face and fingerprint. S2. System initialization: Deploy and calibrate UWB base stations in passive blind zones; S3. Communication Establishment: Passive data acquisition is triggered during operation mode, and active terminal is actively activated during maintenance mode. S4. Dual-mode fusion positioning: Weighted fusion of active and passive data to correct positioning results; S5. Dynamic error correction: Active drift is corrected based on the accelerometer, and passive region constraints are combined to avoid positioning out of bounds. S6. Early Warning Judgment: Verify personnel permissions. If unauthorized personnel or an abnormal number of personnel are detected, an early warning will be triggered. S7. Trajectory storage: Store active data at 1 record / second, and passive data at 1 record / 30 seconds; S8, Operation and Maintenance Mode Switching: Automatically or manually switch the positioning mode according to the needs of operation or maintenance.

[0011] In the aforementioned method for locating personnel in the underground powerhouse of a hydropower station, the formula for dual-mode weighted fusion in S4 is as follows: Location result = active coordinates × weight 1 + passive region center coordinates × weight 2 Weight 1 is the weighting value of the source data, which is usually selected from 0.6 to 0.8 depending on the actual situation. Weight 2 is the weighting value of the source data, which is usually selected from 0.2 to 0.4 depending on the actual situation.

[0012] The personnel positioning device for the underground powerhouse of a hydropower station includes an anti-interference personnel positioning tag device, a multi-mode positioning base station device, an intelligent monitoring and processing device, and a passive sensing terminal device; the anti-interference personnel positioning tag device and the multi-mode positioning base station device are both active devices. The passive sensing terminal device includes an access control fingerprint machine, a face recognition gate, and a face recognition camera; The intelligent monitoring and processing device is equipped with a passive data management module and an operation and maintenance mode switching interface. It can retrieve and locate data by face or fingerprint and generate personnel statistical anomaly reports.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following beneficial effects: 1) Reduce cost inputs and adapt to economic needs during operation. This application utilizes existing hardware already deployed in pumped storage power stations, such as fingerprint access control machines, facial recognition gates, and cameras in important areas, to deploy a small number of UWB base stations only in passive coverage blind spots (such as cable trenches and equipment gaps). Compared with a purely active system, this reduces the number of base stations significantly and effectively reduces equipment investment costs. Passive devices (access control, turnstiles, cameras) rely on the power station's existing security operation and maintenance system, requiring no additional operation and maintenance personnel; Active terminals are basically only used during maintenance periods, and do not need to be used continuously for a long time, thus reducing the burden of charging maintenance. 2) Positioning accuracy is adapted as needed, taking into account different time periods and scenarios. During operation: Regional positioning meets security control requirements without excessive precision. Through cross-verification of three data sources—access control, gate access, and facial recognition—it achieves room-level and key area-level positioning, covering the positioning needs during operation and avoiding the statistical loophole of traditional single access control where "one person swipes their fingerprint and multiple people enter." During maintenance: Precise positioning ensures operational safety, leaving no blind spots unchecked. Active terminals employ dual-mode positioning via UWB and Bluetooth to achieve high-precision positioning in maintenance blind spots (such as cable trenches). Simultaneously, through weighted fusion of active and passive data, fusion accuracy is achieved in areas such as the main transformer room and GIS room, balancing precise trajectory tracking with area access verification. Dual-mode automatic switching provides more flexible scenario adaptation, supporting automatic or manual switching modes to adapt to the periodic operation and maintenance rhythm of power plants; 3) Upgraded security management and control to eliminate security vulnerabilities in traditional positioning methods. With triple identity verification to prevent unauthorized access and intrusion, the facial recognition gate uses a dual-lens camera to prevent photo attacks, the fingerprint access control machine has a false recognition rate of ≤0.001%, and the localized recognition response of cameras in important areas is ≤300ms. By binding facial recognition, fingerprints, and terminal ID, the problem of "one person swiping fingerprints to allow multiple people to enter" is solved. It supports customizing access permissions for hazardous areas based on employee type. When cameras in important areas detect unauthorized personnel, they will trigger an audible and visual alarm and lock the access control system. 4) High compatibility and scalability, adaptable to existing power plant systems and easy for future upgrades. Compatible with existing hardware and protocols, requiring no system reconstruction, passive devices connect to the power station's existing security system via ONVIF (camera) and RS485 (access control) protocols, while active devices are compatible with industrial Ethernet / LoRa transmission, seamlessly integrating with the power station's SCADA and access control systems; If new areas are added to the power station or subsequent equipment is replaced or upgraded, only UWB base stations need to be added, without the need to modify passive equipment, and the new equipment can also be effectively connected to the system.

[0014] Therefore, the present invention has the advantages of meeting the needs of pumped storage power stations and having relatively low operation and maintenance costs. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the method flow of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but this should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0017] Example: Personnel positioning system in underground powerhouse of a hydroelectric power station, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes a personnel positioning terminal module interconnected via an industrial protocol, a passive sensing fusion module, a multi-mode sensing network module, a data transmission module, a data processing and monitoring center module, and an early warning linkage module.

[0018] The personnel positioning terminal module is an active device, equipped with a UWB signal transceiver unit, a Bluetooth auxiliary unit, an identity binding unit, a low-power control unit, an audible and visual alarm unit, and an emergency help button; The UWB unit uses the DW3000 chip (7.2-8.7GHz compliant frequency band), and the Bluetooth unit uses the BLE 5.0 protocol; static sleep current ≤10μA, mobile wake-up (speed >0.1m / s). The passive sensing fusion module includes an access control fingerprint machine unit, an entrance and exit face recognition gate unit, an important area face recognition camera unit, and a passive data integration unit; The access control fingerprint machine mainly uses a capacitive fingerprint sensor (false recognition rate ≤ 0.001%), supports RS485 interface, and is deployed at the entrances and exits of various rooms in the factory (basically using existing ones). The facial recognition gate uses a binocular camera and a CNN facial recognition algorithm, and is deployed at the main entrances and exits (such as factory gates and elevator entrances). The cameras in key areas are 2-megapixel wide dynamic range cameras (adaptable to strong light and shadow environments in the factory), support PoE power supply, and are deployed in key areas such as the main transformer room, high-voltage distribution room, GIS room, and 220kV outgoing line field; The passive data integration unit converts access control fingerprints (including timestamps and room numbers), human gate facial recognition (including entry and exit times and personnel IDs), and camera facial recognition (including area numbers and dwell time) into standard JSON format and uploads them through the existing data transmission module.

[0019] The multi-mode sensing network module includes a UWB positioning base station unit (including anchor points and bridges), a Bluetooth relay unit, a signal filtering unit, a base station calibration unit, and a time synchronization module. UWB base stations are deployed only in passive positioning blind spots (such as cable trenches and equipment gaps), at intervals of 20-30 meters, to reduce the number of base stations deployed. It can receive signals from active terminals, supplementing blind spots not covered by passive positioning, and complementing passive data.

[0020] The data transmission module includes an industrial Ethernet unit (gigabit port), a LoRa wireless backup unit (SX1278 chip), a data encryption unit (TLS 1.3), and a link monitoring unit; It supports data access from access control fingerprint machines (RS485) and face recognition devices (ONVIF protocol), and transmits active and passive data via dual links (Ethernet and LoRa), with short switching time during link interruption.

[0021] The data processing and monitoring center module includes a dual-mode positioning algorithm engine (active TDOA, passive data fitting), a GIS map engine, a trajectory storage unit, an access control unit, and a data interface unit; The dual-mode fusion algorithm assigns high weights to active data and weights to passive data, and corrects the positioning results by weighted averaging. Set up personnel statistics verification: compare the number of faces at the gate, the number of card swipes at the access control system, and the number of active terminals. If the difference is greater than 1, trigger a personnel statistics anomaly warning. The system distinguishes between "active positioning points" and "passive positioning areas" on the GIS map and supports switching between active and passive modes to meet the needs of different operational stages.

[0022] The early warning linkage module includes a dangerous area configuration unit, an intrusion determination unit, a multi-level early warning unit, and a device linkage interface; Passive access control: Associate personnel's facial recognition and fingerprints with access permissions for dangerous areas, such as "Maintenance personnel are only allowed to enter the main transformer room and are prohibited from entering the GIS room"; Passive intrusion detection: If the camera in the important area recognizes the face of an unauthorized person, or if the person swiping the access card does not match the actual face, an alarm will be triggered, which will link the access control to lock and trigger on-site sound and light alarms. Methods for locating personnel in the underground powerhouse of a hydroelectric power station, such as Figure 2 The process includes the following steps: S1. Passive device initialization and permission binding: Personnel information is entered into the processing center, including facial and fingerprint templates, work groups, and access permissions for dangerous areas; the boundaries of each room and area are drawn on the GIS map, and the corresponding access control and camera IDs are associated to complete the binding of passive positioning areas with hardware; S2. System initialization: Select more than 3 reference points and deploy UWB base stations only in passive dead zones (such as cable trenches and equipment gaps) (at certain distances to reduce the number of deployments). Deploy Bluetooth relays in areas where passive signal attenuation is >20dB. Initiate the base station calibration procedure to correct location errors; S3. Communication establishment: Active terminal activation, personnel wear the terminal, NFC bind identity, low power sleep mode; Passive data triggering: When personnel pass through a facial recognition gate or swipe a card, passive devices automatically collect data (timestamp, location, region) → triggering a location request to the processing center; Communication mode selection: During operation, the default is "passive mode", and during maintenance, it is switched to "active mode". S4, Dual-mode fusion positioning: Passive positioning calculation: Room-level positioning: Based on access control card swipe records, determine the room where the person is located and display the room as a color block on the GIS map; Area-level positioning: When a person's face is recognized by a camera in an important area, the location is determined by combining the camera's installation location with the location of the person in that area. Active positioning computation: UWB single-mode or dual-mode fusion; Dual-mode weighted fusion: If both active and passive data exist simultaneously, Location result = active area coordinates × 0.7 + passive area center coordinates × 0.3; Only source-free data exists. The system displays a passive area and prompts "Current location is a regional level location". Only active data exists, displaying precise coordinates and associating with nearby passive devices; S5. Dynamic error correction: Active drift is corrected based on the accelerometer, and passive region constraints are combined to avoid positioning out of bounds. S6. Early Warning Judgment: Passive access verification: Face comparison, the faces identified by cameras in important areas are compared with the access database. If the person is an unauthorized person (such as an outsider entering the GIS room), an alarm is triggered. The system verifies the number of people, counts the number of faces at the gate (N1), the number of cards swiped at the access control system (N2), and the number of active terminals (N3). If |N1-N2|>1 or |N1-N3|>1, it triggers an "abnormal personnel statistics warning" and indicates that "unregistered personnel may have entered the area." Active early warning system detects precise coordinates of intrusion into a dangerous area, triggering an early warning. The linkage action is optimized, with passive early warning prioritizing linkage with existing access control and human gates (such as locking the entrance), and active early warning linkage with audible and visual alarms and access control, so as to maximize the utilization of existing equipment; S7. Trajectory storage: Store active data at 1 record / second, and passive data at 1 record / 30 seconds; S8, Operation and Maintenance Mode Switching: Automatically or manually switch the positioning mode according to the needs of operation or maintenance.

[0023] The formula for dual-mode weighted fusion in S4 is as follows: Location result = active coordinates × weight 1 + passive region center coordinates × weight 2 Weight 1 is the weighting value of the source data, which is usually selected from 0.6 to 0.8 depending on the actual situation. Weight 2 is the weighting value of the source data, which is usually selected from 0.2 to 0.4 depending on the actual situation.

[0024] The personnel positioning device for the underground powerhouse of a hydropower station includes an anti-interference personnel positioning tag device, a multi-mode positioning base station device, an intelligent monitoring and processing device, and a passive sensing terminal device; the anti-interference personnel positioning tag device and the multi-mode positioning base station device are both active devices. The passive sensing terminal device includes an access control fingerprint machine, a face recognition gate, and a face recognition camera; The intelligent monitoring and processing device is equipped with a passive data management module and an operation and maintenance mode switching interface. It can retrieve and locate data by face or fingerprint and generate personnel statistical anomaly reports.

Claims

1. A personnel positioning system for a hydropower underground powerhouse, characterized in that: The personnel positioning terminal module, the passive sensing fusion module, the multi-mode sensing network module, the data transmission module, the data processing and monitoring center module and the early warning linkage module are interconnected through industrial protocols. The passive sensing fusion module includes an access control fingerprint machine unit, an entrance and exit face recognition access control unit, an important area face recognition camera unit and a passive data integration unit. The data processing and monitoring center module includes a dual-mode positioning algorithm engine, which gives corresponding weights to active data and passive data and fuses the positioning results through weighted average. The early warning linkage module binds personnel information with dangerous area permissions, triggers warning and links access control according to settings.

2. The underground power plant personnel positioning system of claim 1, characterized in that: The passive sensing fusion module includes existing access control, access control and data transmission additional components of the hydropower station, which access data transmission module through ONVIF / RS485 protocol.

3. The underground power plant personnel positioning system of claim 1, wherein: The multi-mode sensing network module includes at least a UWB positioning base station unit, a Bluetooth relay unit, a signal filtering unit, a base station calibration unit and a time synchronization module.

4. The underground power plant personnel positioning system of claim 1, wherein: The data transmission module includes at least an industrial Ethernet unit, a LoRa wireless backup unit, a data encryption unit and a link monitoring unit.

5. The underground power plant personnel positioning system of claim 1, wherein: The data processing and monitoring center module includes at least a dual-mode positioning algorithm engine, a GIS map engine, a trajectory storage unit, a permission management unit and a data interface unit.

6. The underground power plant personnel positioning system of claim 1, wherein: The data processing and monitoring center module also includes two modes of operation period and maintenance period, and the operation period is mainly passive, and the maintenance period is switched to active.

7. The underground power station personnel positioning system of claim 1, wherein: The early warning linkage module also includes a personnel statistics verification function module, which can compare the number of face recognition access control, the number of access control card swiping and the number of active terminals, and if the difference is greater than 1, personnel statistics abnormality warning is triggered.

8. The method of claim 1-7, wherein, The process includes the following steps: S1, passive device initialization and permission binding: first enter personnel information and associate dangerous area permissions, the personnel information includes face and fingerprint; S2, system initialization: deploy UWB base station in passive blind area and calibrate; S3, communication establishment: trigger passive data collection in operation period mode, and actively activate active terminal in maintenance period mode; S4, dual-mode fusion positioning: active data and passive data are weighted and fused to correct the positioning result; S5, dynamic error correction: based on acceleration sensor to correct active drift, combined with passive area constraint to avoid positioning out of bounds; S6, early warning judgment: verify personnel permissions, if no permission personnel or number of people is abnormal, trigger warning; S7, trajectory storage: store active data at 1 per second, and store passive data at 1 per 30 seconds; S8, operation mode switching: automatically or manually switch the positioning mode according to the needs of operation or maintenance.

9. The underground power station personnel positioning method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The formula of dual-mode weighted fusion in S4 is, Positioning result = active coordinate × weighting 1 + passive area center coordinate × weighting 2, wherein weighting 1 is the weighting value of active data, which is usually 0.6-0.8 according to actual selection, and weighting 2 is the weighting value of passive data, which is usually 0.2-0.4 according to actual selection.

10. The positioning device of the personnel positioning system of the underground power plant of a hydroelectric power station according to any of claims 1 - 7, characterized in that: It comprises anti-interference personnel positioning label device, multi-mode positioning base station device, intelligent monitoring and processing device and passive sensing terminal device; the anti-interference personnel positioning label device and the multi-mode positioning base station device are active devices; The passive sensing terminal device comprises access control fingerprint machine, face recognition access control and face recognition camera; The intelligent monitoring and processing device is provided with passive data management module and operation and maintenance mode switching interface, can search positioning data according to face or fingerprint, and generates personnel statistical abnormal report.

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