Formulations with improved spray properties

Abstract

Disclosed herein are formulations having a solvent system that can be used in aerosol, compressed gas, or triggered spray systems. The formulations can achieve low VOC content, optimized settling properties, and improved spray properties. Water-based and anhydrous formulations are provided, and they may include fragrances. In one embodiment, the formulation includes a solvent system having ethanol, acetone, and an ester selected from dimethyl carbonate and methyl acetate, and optionally water.

Description

Cross-references to related applications

[0001] This application relates to and claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 522,338, filed June 21, 2023, which is incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.

[0002] Statement regarding federally funded research or development not applicable.

[0003] sequence list not applicable. Background Technology 1. Technical Field This invention generally relates to formulations of solvent mixtures having low VOC content, optimized settling properties, and improved spray properties.

[0005] 2. Background Technology Description Aerosols and trigger formulations, including air conditioning agents and insecticide compositions, can be water-based formulations that deliver fragrances or active ingredients into the air or surrounding environment. However, such compositions may have high levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs); in some cases, it is desirable to partially or completely reduce the VOC levels of aerosol, compressed gas, or trigger formulations. In some cases, the volatile solvent in certain compositions has been partially replaced with water to provide formulations with higher water content and lower VOC levels. However, these water-based formulations may produce larger particle sizes, resulting in higher settling rates of the product or formulation and slower evaporation rates upon dispensing, which is generally undesirable for volatile compositions.

[0006] Therefore, there is a continuous desire to obtain compositions or formulations with low VOC content, improved or lower settling rates, faster evaporation rates, and other optimized spray characteristics, including water-based or aqueous formulations. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This article discloses formulations having a solvent system that can be used in aerosols, compressed gases, or trigger spray systems.

[0008] One aspect of the present invention provides a formulation. The formulation comprises about 10 wt.% to about 40 wt.% of a solvent system, a fragrance, and water. The solvent system comprises ethanol, acetone, and esters selected from dimethyl carbonate and methyl acetate. All weight percentages are based on the total weight of the formulation.

[0009] In some embodiments, the ester comprises methyl acetate. In some embodiments, the ester comprises dimethyl carbonate. In some embodiments, based on the total formulation, the ethanol comprises about 0.5 wt.% to about 10 wt.%, the acetone comprises about 5 wt.% to about 20 wt.%, and the ester comprises about 5 wt.% to about 20 wt.%. In some embodiments, in the solvent system, the weight percentage of ethanol is less than that of acetone or the ester. In some embodiments, the ratio of the total amount of non-ethanol solvents to ethanol in the solvent system is at least 4:1. In some embodiments, the fragrance comprises about 0.01 wt.% to about 5 wt.% of the total formulation. In some embodiments, the water comprises about 60 wt.% to about 99 wt.% of the total formulation. In some embodiments, the formulation further comprises a propellant selected from nitrogen, inert gases, air, nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide, or mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the formulation further comprises a cosolvent, an odorant, a surfactant, a pH adjuster, a buffer, or any combination thereof.

[0010] Another aspect of the present invention provides a formulation. The formulation comprises about 80 wt.% to about 99.5 wt.% of a solvent system and a fragrance. The solvent system comprises ethanol, acetone, and esters selected from dimethyl carbonate and methyl acetate. All weight percentages are based on the total weight of the formulation.

[0011] In some embodiments, the ester comprises methyl acetate. In some embodiments, the ester comprises dimethyl carbonate. In some embodiments, the ratio of the total amount of non-ethanol solvent to ethanol in the solvent system is at least 4:1. In some embodiments, the weight percentage of ethanol in the solvent system is less than the total amount of non-ethanol solvent. In some embodiments, based on the total formulation, the ethanol comprises about 5 wt.% to about 20 wt.%, the acetone comprises about 5 wt.% to about 20 wt.%, and the ester comprises about 70 wt.% to about 95 wt.%. In some embodiments, the ratio of the total amount of non-ethanol solvent to ethanol in the solvent system is at least 8:1. In some embodiments, the fragrance comprises about 0.01 wt.% to about 5 wt.% of the total formulation. In some embodiments, the formulation further includes a propellant, a cosolvent, an odorant, a surfactant, a pH adjuster, a buffer, or any combination thereof.

[0012] Another aspect of the present invention provides a formulation. The formulation comprises a solvent system comprising about 1 wt.% to about 15 wt.% ethanol, about 5 wt.% to about 15 wt.% acetone, and about 5 wt.% to about 95 wt.% esters selected from dimethyl carbonate and methyl acetate. All weight percentages are based on the total weight of the formulation.

[0013] In some embodiments, the weight percentage of ethanol in the solvent system is less than the total amount of non-ethanol solvents. In some embodiments, the ester comprises about 5 wt.% to about 20 wt.% of the total formulation, and the ratio of the total amount of non-ethanol solvents to ethanol in the solvent system is at least 4:1. In some embodiments, the ester comprises about 70 wt.% to about 95 wt.% of the total formulation, and the ratio of the total amount of non-ethanol solvents to ethanol in the solvent system is at least 8:1. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Non-limiting embodiments of the present invention will be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are schematic and not intended to be drawn to scale. In the drawings, each identical or nearly identical component is generally represented by a single number. For clarity, not every component is labeled in every drawing, and not every component of each embodiment of the invention is shown where the illustrations are not essential for enabling those skilled in the art to understand the invention.

[0015] Figure 1 A graph showing a comparison of the sedimentation percentages of various aerosol formulations; Figure 2 A graph showing the evaporation time of various spray formulations. Detailed Implementation

[0016] This invention provides formulations containing solvents that impart low VOC content, optimized settling properties, and improved spray characteristics. As described herein, the properties of the solvents disclosed herein affect spray characteristics. Furthermore, in the specific context of fragrance dispensing systems, settling is a spray characteristic produced by aerosol sprays that can be bothersome by creating residues on various surfaces within the spray area. More specifically, the unwanted residues resulting from increased settling are generally undesirable effects and may cause an unpleasant wetting sensation for consumers or formulation users. Moreover, many prior art dispensing systems or formulations dispense inconsistent sprays throughout the product's shelf life and fail to provide adequate fragrance coverage in enclosed rooms or areas.

[0017] As used herein, the terms “weight percentage,” “wt.%,” “wt.%,” “percentage by weight,” “weight%,” and their variations all refer to the concentration of a substance as the weight of that substance divided by the total weight of the composition or formulation, multiplied by 100. It is understood that “percentage,” “%,” etc., used here can be synonymous with “weight percentage,” “wt.%,” etc.

[0018] As used herein, the term "fragrance" means any fragrance or aroma ingredient or mixture thereof. Here, "fragrance" refers to compounds currently used in the perfumery or fragrance industry, i.e., compounds used as active ingredients in scented or aromatherapy candles to impart a pleasant odor to their surroundings or environment. In other words, "fragrance" is an ingredient or mixture that imparts or modifies a positive or pleasant scent to or modifies the environment. Furthermore, this definition is also intended to include compounds that do not necessarily have a scent, but are capable of modulating the scent of a fragrance composition and thus the user's perception of that composition. Typically, these fragrance ingredients belong to a wide variety of chemical categories, such as alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, ethers, acetates, nitriles, terpenes, hydrocarbons, nitrogen- or sulfur-containing heterocyclic compounds, and essential oils, and these fragrance ingredients can be of natural or synthetic origin.

[0019] This invention identifies solvent systems and formulation parameters that have been found to reduce and improve sedimentation from aerosol or compressed gas distribution systems or trigger-type systems. In addition to sedimentation characteristics, other spray characteristics considered when evaluating these formulations include evaporation rate, particle size, emission rate, spray angle, spray distance, spray cone diameter, sedimentation percentage, sedimentation pattern, and particle velocity.

[0020] Furthermore, the terms "settling" or "sedimentation" as used herein can generally refer to residues generated on various surfaces within the spray area by aerosols, compressed gases, or trigger spray systems. Additionally, increased sedimentation resulting in unwanted residues is generally an undesirable effect and can cause an unpleasant feeling of wetness for consumers. Sedimentation can also be characterized as the wetting of the spray plume in the air and / or the accumulation of residues on surfaces after the use of a dispensing system. This invention identifies key spray characteristics and formulation parameters—including solvent systems—that have been found to reduce and / or improve sedimentation from aerosols, compressed gases, or trigger spray systems. These formulation parameters and solvent systems also improve other spray characteristics, such as the evaporation rate of the formulation.

[0021] The sedimentation percentage was determined for each formulation. The sedimentation percentage test measures the amount of aerosol or spray liquid that falls to the ground after being sprayed into the air. For this test, the substrate consisted of ten sheets of kraft paper, each 36” × 9”. Each sheet was numbered 1 to 10, weighed individually, and placed on the ground in a 36” × 90” arrangement to define the spray surface. Before testing each product, the product was weighed to determine the initial weight (W). i Then spray the product at a specific height (five feet) towards the substrate for five seconds. After the aerosol or spray settles, record the weight (W) of liquid or sediment on each sheet of paper. s), and weigh the product again to determine the final weight (W). f Using the initial weight (W) i ) and final weight (W) f The difference between ) and the total weight of the liquid on the substrate (W) s The settlement percentage can be determined using Formula 1 below. After determining the settlement percentage, the substrate can be replaced, and the test can be repeated multiple times for each product at the same height.

[0022] (Formula 1) The evaporation time of the formulation disclosed herein was also determined. In some embodiments, the evaporation time can be determined by dispensing the formulation onto a mirror using a pump-type atomizer. The output of the fine mist atomizer was measured to be 0.12 g per drive. The hand pump was placed in the sample vial, pre-pressed three times, and then sprayed once onto a 12” × 12” glass mirror from a distance of 12” at a 45° angle. The time when approximately 90% of the spray had evaporated was recorded as the evaporation time. Three tests could be performed to determine statistical differences. Furthermore, for consistency, the same pump-type atomizer was used for all tests. Subsequent formulation tests involved removing the pump-type atomizer from the vial, wiping it clean, and continuously pressing the atomizer until no more product was dispensed. The pump was then placed in the next sample vial, pre-pressed three times, and the test was repeated. In addition, the glass mirror was rinsed with water and dried with Kimberly-Clark paper towels between each test.

[0023] The solvent system in the formulations described herein may contain one or more VOC-exempt solvents. VOC-exempt solvents include organic compounds exempted from restrictions on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), such as acetone (CAS # 67-64-1), dimethyl carbonate (CAS # 616-38-6), methyl acetate (CAS # 79-20-9), tert-butyl acetate (CAS # 540-88-5), propylene carbonate (CAS # 108-32-7), and p-chlorotrifluorotoluene (Oxsol 100, CAS # 98-56-6). VOC-exempt solvents in the formulations described herein may also include low vapor pressure (LVP) volatile organic compound (VOC) solvents, which are solvents with a vapor pressure (at 20°C) of less than 0.1 mmHg; or, if the vapor pressure is unknown, solvents composed of more than 12 carbon atoms or with a melting point above 20°C. Suitable LVP-VOC solvents for use in this invention include, but are not limited to, Isopar M (CAS # 64742-47-8), DPMA (CAS # 88917-22-0), and Augeo (CAS #100-79-8).

[0024] In some embodiments, the solvent system is miscible with water. In some such embodiments, the solvent system may include a VOC solvent based on n-butyl acetate with an evaporation rate >0.3, such as an alcohol. Suitable alcohols include, but are not limited to, ethanol and isopropanol. In some embodiments, the VOC solvent component includes ethanol. However, in these embodiments, it is generally beneficial to use less alcohol in the solvent system to reduce the VOC content. Therefore, in such embodiments, other solvents are used at higher concentrations compared to the VOC solvent component (e.g., ethanol).

[0025] In some embodiments, the present invention provides a formulation comprising a solvent system comprising a ternary solvent mixture. The ternary solvent mixture may include a VOC-exempt solvent (non-LVP-VOC solvent), a second VOC-exempt solvent, and a third solvent as a VOC solvent. In some embodiments, the ternary solvent mixture comprises an alcohol (e.g., ethanol); an ester (e.g., dimethyl carbonate or methyl acetate); and a ketone (e.g., acetone). In one specific embodiment, the solvent system comprises ethanol, acetone, and methyl acetate. In another specific embodiment, the solvent system comprises ethanol, acetone, and dimethyl carbonate.

[0026] In some embodiments, the solvent system does not include a third solvent and uses only two solvents. In some embodiments, both solvents are VOC-exempt solvents. In some embodiments, the solvent system includes a non-LVP-VOC solvent, a VOC-exempt solvent, and a second VOC-exempt solvent. In some embodiments, only one of the two solvents in the solvent system is a VOC-exempt solvent. In one specific embodiment, the solvent system includes ethanol and dimethyl carbonate. In another specific embodiment, the solvent system includes acetone and dimethyl carbonate. In other embodiments, the solvent system includes any one or more of ethanol, acetone, and dimethyl carbonate.

[0027] As will be further discussed herein, it has been determined that formulations with solvent mixtures provide better settling and spraying properties compared to single solvents. Specifically, the solvent mixtures of the present invention provide a lower settling percentage and a faster evaporation rate. Therefore, the formulations of the present invention enable a higher percentage of aerosols, compressed gases, or triggered sprays to remain suspended in the air rather than falling to the ground or remaining on a surface in liquid form. Consequently, consumers can spray less product to achieve the desired intensity of the active ingredient (e.g., fragrance) in the formulation. Consequently, product shelf life is also extended.

[0028] The total amount of the solvent system may be from about 10 wt.% to about 99.5 wt.%, about 10 wt.% to about 95 wt.%, about 10 wt.% to about 90 wt.%, about 10 wt.% to about 80 wt.%, about 10 wt.% to about 70 wt.%, about 10 wt.% to about 60 wt.%, about 10 wt.% to about 50 wt.%, about 10 wt.% to about 40 wt.%, about 15 wt.% to about 40 wt.%, about 20 wt.% to about 40 wt.%, about 20 wt.% to about 30 wt.%, about 30 wt.% to about 99.5 wt.%, about 40 wt.% to about 99.5 wt.%, about 50 wt.% to about 99.5 wt.%, about 60 wt.% to about 99.5 wt.%, about 70 wt.% to about 99.5 wt.% of the total formulation. wt.%, or about 80 wt.% to about 99.5 wt.%. In some embodiments, the solvent system is about 27 wt.% of the total formulation. In some embodiments, the solvent system is about 99 wt.% of the total formulation.

[0029] The VOC solvent may be from about 0.5 wt.% to about 20 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.% to about 15 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.% to about 10 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.% to about 5 wt.%, about 1 wt.% to about 20 wt.%, about 1 wt.% to about 15 wt.%, about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.%, about 1 wt.% to about 8 wt.%, about 2 wt.% to about 6 wt.%, about 3 wt.% to about 5 wt.%, about 5 wt.% to about 20 wt.%, or about 5 wt.% to about 15 wt.% of the total formulation. In some embodiments, the VOC solvent includes ethanol. In some embodiments, the ethanol is about 4 wt.% of the total formulation. In some embodiments, the ethanol is about 10 wt.% of the total formulation.

[0030] The VOC-exempt solvent may be from about 1 wt.% to about 99 wt.%, about 1 wt.% to about 95 wt.%, about 1 wt.% to about 90 wt.%, about 1 wt.% to about 80 wt.%, about 1 wt.% to about 70 wt.%, about 1 wt.% to about 60 wt.%, about 1 wt.% to about 50 wt.%, about 1 wt.% to about 40 wt.%, about 1 wt.% to about 30 wt.%, about 1 wt.% to about 25 wt.%, about 1 wt.% to about 20 wt.%, about 1 wt.% to about 15 wt.%, about 5 wt.% to about 99 wt.%, about 5 wt.% to about 95 wt.%, about 5 wt.% to about 90 wt.%, about 5 wt.% to about 80 wt.%, about 5 wt.% to about 70 wt.%, about 5 wt.% to about 60 wt.%, about 5 wt.% to about 50 wt.%, about 5 wt.% to about 40 wt.%, about 5 wt.% to about 30 wt.%, about 5 wt.% to about 25 wt.%, about 5 wt.% to about 20 wt.%, about 5 wt.% to about 15 wt.%, about 50 wt.% to about 99 wt.%, about 60 wt.% to about 99 wt.%, about 70 wt.% to about 99 wt.%, about 70 wt.% to about 95 wt.%, about 75 wt.% to about 99 wt.%, about 75 wt.% to about 95 wt.%, or about 80 wt.% to about 90 wt.%. In some embodiments, the VOC-exempt solvent includes acetone. In some such embodiments, the acetone is about 10 wt.% of the total formulation. In some embodiments, the VOC-exempt solvent includes esters, such as dimethyl carbonate. In some such embodiments, the dimethyl carbonate comprises about 13 wt.% of the total formulation. In another embodiment, the dimethyl carbonate comprises about 79 wt.% of the total formulation. In yet another embodiment, the dimethyl carbonate comprises about 89 wt.% of the total formulation. In some embodiments, the VOC-exempt solvent comprises an ester, such as methyl acetate. In some such embodiments, the methyl acetate comprises about 13 wt.% of the total formulation.

[0031] In some embodiments, the VOC solvent component is used at a lower weight percentage compared to the VOC-exempt solvent component. For example, in some embodiments, the weight percentage of ethanol in the solvent system is lower than that of acetone, dimethyl carbonate, or methyl acetate. In some embodiments, the weight percentage of ethanol in the solvent system is lower than the total amount of non-ethanol solvents.

[0032] In some embodiments, the ratio of the VOC-exempt solvent component to the VOC solvent component is at least 2:1, at least 3:1, at least 4:1, at least 5:1, at least 6:1, at least 7:1, at least 8:1, at least 9:1, or at least 10:1. The ratio is calculated using the weight percentage of each solvent in the total formulation. In some embodiments, the VOC solvent component includes an alcohol, such as ethanol. In some embodiments, the ratio of the total amount of non-ethanol solvents in the solvent system to ethanol is at least 2:1, at least 3:1, at least 4:1, at least 5:1, at least 6:1, at least 7:1, at least 8:1, at least 9:1, or at least 10:1.

[0033] In some embodiments, the solvent mixtures in the solvent systems disclosed herein achieve synergistic effects, such as faster evaporation and / or less sedimentation compared to individual components of the solvent system or alternative solvent combinations.

[0034] In some embodiments, the formulations disclosed herein include water. The water component may be a solvent carrier, and may be deionized water, reverse osmosis water, distilled water, tap water, etc.

[0035] Water may be about 10 wt.% to about 99 wt.%, about 20 wt.% to about 99 wt.%, about 30 wt.% to about 99 wt.%, about 40 wt.% to about 99 wt.%, about 50 wt.% to about 99 wt.%, about 60 wt.% to about 99 wt.%, about 60 wt.% to about 90 wt.%, about 70 wt.% to about 90 wt.%, or about 60 wt.% to about 80 wt.% of the total formulation. In some embodiments, water is about 60 wt.% to about 70 wt.% of the total formulation.

[0036] In some implementations, the formulation disclosed herein is anhydrous.

[0037] In some embodiments, the formulations disclosed herein include fragrances. Suitable fragrances may be natural or synthetic, based on a single component or a mixture of components. Fragrances are commercially available from various fragrance manufacturers, such as Takasago, International Flavors and Fragrances, Inc., Quest, Firmenich, Givaudan, Symrise, etc.

[0038] The flavoring agent may be from about 0.01 wt.% to about 10 wt.%, from about 0.01 wt.% to about 8 wt.%, from about 0.01 wt.% to about 5 wt.%, from about 0.5 wt.% to about 5 wt.%, from about 0.5 wt.% to about 3 wt.%, from about 0.5 wt.% to about 2 wt.%, or from about 0.5 wt.% to about 1.5 wt.% of the total formulation. In some embodiments, the flavoring agent is about 1 wt.% of the total formulation.

[0039] In some embodiments, the formulations disclosed herein include odor-active ingredients. In some embodiments, the odor-active ingredients include triethylene glycol.

[0040] The odor active ingredient may be from about 0.01 wt.% to about 10 wt.%, from about 0.01 wt.% to about 8 wt.%, from about 0.01 wt.% to about 5 wt.%, from about 0.5 wt.% to about 5 wt.%, from about 0.5 wt.% to about 3 wt.%, from about 0.5 wt.% to about 2 wt.%, or from about 0.5 wt.% to about 1.5 wt.% of the total formulation. In some embodiments, the odor active ingredient is about 1 wt.% of the total formulation.

[0041] In some embodiments, the formulations disclosed herein include a propellant. The propellant can be any suitable conventionally known compressed gas, including but not limited to nitrogen, inert gases, air, nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide, or mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the propellant includes nitrogen.

[0042] The propellant may be from about 0.01 wt.% to about 10 wt.%, from about 0.01 wt.% to about 8 wt.%, from about 0.01 wt.% to about 5 wt.%, from about 0.5 wt.% to about 5 wt.%, from about 0.5 wt.% to about 3 wt.%, from about 0.5 wt.% to about 2 wt.%, or from about 0.5 wt.% to about 1.5 wt.% of the total formulation. In some embodiments, the propellant is about 0.68 wt.% of the total formulation.

[0043] In some embodiments, in addition to the solvent systems described above, the formulations disclosed herein may also include a cosolvent. Suitable cosolvents include, but are not limited to, glycols and glycol ethers. In some embodiments, the cosolvent includes propylene glycol.

[0044] The cosolvent may be from about 0.01 wt.% to about 10 wt.%, about 0.05 wt.% to about 8 wt.%, about 0.1 wt.% to about 8 wt.%, about 0.1 wt.% to about 5 wt.%, about 0.1 wt.% to about 4 wt.%, about 0.1 wt.% to about 2 wt.%, about 0.1 wt.% to about 1 wt.%, or about 0.4 wt.% to about 0.6 wt.% of the total formulation. In some embodiments, the cosolvent is about 0.46 wt.% of the total formulation.

[0045] In some embodiments, the formulations disclosed herein may include surfactants. The surfactants may be nonionic, cationic, anionic, amphoteric, zwitterionic, or mixtures thereof. The surfactants may generally be selected based on the dispensing container used. For example, compositions stored and dispensed from steel or steel alloy-based containers may include nonionic surfactants and / or amphoteric surfactants (less corrosive), while aluminum or plastic containers may include these and / or other surfactants. The surfactant component may include one or more surfactants.

[0046] Suitable nonionic surfactants include, but are not limited to, polyalkoxylated hydrogenated castor oil, including polyethoxylated hydrogenated castor oil, such as TAGAT CH60 (60 ethylene oxide (EO) units) and TAGAT CH40 (40 EO units); mixtures of hydrogenated and ethoxylated castor oil, such as EUMULGIN HPS (40 EO units); secondary alcohol ethoxylates, such as TERGITOL brand surfactants, such as TERGITOL 15-S-12 and TERGITOL 15-S-7; ethoxylated linear alcohols, such as LUTENSOL brand surfactants, such as LUTENSOL A08 (8 EO units); sorbitan monooleate; polyethylene sorbitan monooleate; polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate; alkyl polyglycosides; polyethylene oxide / polypropylene oxide; alkyl phenol ethoxylated carboxylated alcohols; and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the surfactant includes ethoxylated hydrogenated castor oil 60, C15 PEG 7 ethoxylated alcohol, or a combination thereof.

[0047] The surfactant may be from about 0.01 wt.% to about 10 wt.%, about 0.05 wt.% to about 8 wt.%, about 0.1 wt.% to about 8 wt.%, about 0.1 wt.% to about 5 wt.%, about 0.1 wt.% to about 4 wt.%, about 0.1 wt.% to about 2 wt.%, about 0.1 wt.% to about 1 wt.%, or about 0.5 wt.% to about 1 wt.% of the total formulation.

[0048] In some embodiments, the formulations disclosed herein may include buffers. Suitable buffers include, but are not limited to, bicarbonates, such as sodium bicarbonate; phosphates; ammonium hydroxide; THAM-tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane; 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol; etc. It should be noted that some pH buffers, such as phosphates, carbonates, ammonium hydroxide, THAM-tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, and 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, can provide multifunctional effects as corrosion inhibitors, pH adjusters, and buffers. In such cases, one or a combination of ingredients may be used within the scope of this invention to fulfill these functions, with their amounts adjusted accordingly. In some embodiments, the buffer includes sodium dihydrogen phosphate.

[0049] The buffer may be from about 0.01 wt.% to about 5 wt.%, from about 0.01 wt.% to about 4 wt.%, from about 0.01 wt.% to about 3 wt.%, from about 0.01 wt.% to about 1 wt.%, or from about 0.05 wt.% to about 1 wt.% of the total formulation. In some embodiments, the buffer is about 0.20 wt.% of the total formulation.

[0050] In some embodiments, the formulations disclosed herein may include pH adjusters. Suitable pH adjusters include, but are not limited to, carbonates, such as sodium carbonate; silicates, such as sodium metasilicate pentahydrate; phosphates, such as disodium hydrogen phosphate and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate; hydroxides, such as sodium hydroxide; ammonium hydroxide; THAM-tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane; 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol; and so on. Some of these compounds may also function as both pH adjusters and corrosion inhibitors. In some embodiments, the pH adjuster includes sodium carbonate.

[0051] The pH adjuster may be from about 0.01 wt.% to about 5 wt.%, from about 0.01 wt.% to about 4 wt.%, from about 0.01 wt.% to about 3 wt.%, from about 0.01 wt.% to about 1 wt.%, from about 0.05 wt.% to about 1 wt.%, from about 0.05 wt.% to about 0.5 wt.%, or from about 0.05 wt.% to about 0.2 wt.% of the total formulation. In some embodiments, the pH adjuster is about 0.18 wt.% of the total formulation.

[0052] Any embodiment described herein may be modified to include any structure, composition, or method disclosed in connection with different embodiments.

[0053] In some embodiments, numerical values ​​representing the quantity and properties of components (e.g., weight percentage, sedimentation percentage, evaporation rate, etc.) used to describe and claim certain embodiments of the invention should be understood to be modified by the term "about" in some cases. Therefore, in some embodiments, the numerical parameters set forth in the written description and appended claims are approximations that may vary depending on the desired characteristics sought to be obtained in a particular implementation. In some embodiments, numerical parameters should be interpreted according to the number of significant figures reported and by applying common rounding techniques. Although the numerical ranges and parameters describing a broad range of embodiments of the invention are approximations, the values ​​listed in the specific embodiments are reported as precisely as possible. The numerical values ​​presented in some embodiments of the invention may contain some errors that are necessarily caused by the standard deviation in their respective test measurements.

[0054] In some embodiments, the terms “a,” “an,” and “the,” and similar designations used to describe particular embodiments of the invention (particularly in the context of the following claims) are to be interpreted as encompassing both the singular and the plural. The enumeration of numerical ranges herein is intended only as a simplified representation of each individual numerical value falling within that range. Unless otherwise stated herein, each individual numerical value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually enumerated herein. All methods described herein may be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise stated herein or expressly contradicted by the context. The use of any and all embodiments or exemplary language (e.g., “for example”) provided herein with respect to certain embodiments is intended only to better illustrate the invention and does not constitute a limitation on the claimed scope of the invention. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any unclaimed element necessary for carrying out the invention.

[0055] The grouping of alternative elements or embodiments of the invention disclosed herein should not be construed as limiting. Each member of a group may be cited and claimed individually, or may be cited and claimed in any combination with other members of the group or other elements discovered herein. One or more members of a group may be included in or removed from the group for convenience and / or patentability reasons. When any such inclusion or removal occurs, the specification herein is deemed to include the modified group to satisfy the written description of all Markush groups used in the appended claims.

[0056] Example Example 1 Figure 1 A graph showing the percentage of settling of various aerosol formulations at a height of 5 feet. Figure 1 The data are further shown in Table 2 below, illustrating the experimental results of sedimentation percentage (%) tests performed using a compressed gas system with the solvent system of the present invention, as well as several comparative dispensing systems and control systems. The formulations used for testing are shown in Table 1 below. Referring to Table 1 below, the control formulations were tested together with the mixtures of the present invention. In addition, two comparative formulations, including Comparative Formulation 1 and Comparative Formulation 2, were also tested. Both Mixture 1 and Mixture 2 used the solvent system of the present invention. The values ​​shown under each formulation represent the weight percentage (wt.%) of the component.

[0057] Table 1

[0058] The formulations in Table 1 can also be prepared without nitrogen, for example, as a trigger spray solution.

[0059] The sedimentation percentage was determined for each formulation. The sedimentation percentage test measures the amount of aerosol or spray liquid that falls to the ground after being sprayed into the air. For this test, the substrate consisted of ten sheets of kraft paper, each 36” × 9”. Each sheet was numbered 1 to 10, weighed individually, and placed on the ground in a 36” × 90” arrangement to define the spray surface. Before testing each product, the product was weighed to determine the initial weight (W). i Then spray the product at a specific height (five feet) towards the substrate for five seconds. After the aerosol or spray settles, record the weight (W) of liquid or sediment on each sheet of paper. s ), and weigh the product again to determine the final weight (W). f Using the initial weight (W) i ) and final weight (W) f The difference between ) and the total weight of the liquid on the substrate (W) s The settlement percentage can be determined using Formula 1 below. After determining the settlement percentage, the substrate can be replaced, and the test can be repeated multiple times for each product at the same height.

[0060] (Formula 1) Table 2

[0061] like Figure 1 As shown in Table 2, the solvent systems of the present invention contained in mixtures 1 and 2 produce the lowest sedimentation percentages relative to other formulations. In some cases, the sedimentation percentage of the formulations of the present invention is almost half that of the comparative formulations. Therefore, the formulations of the present invention allow a higher percentage of aerosols, compressed gases, or triggered sprays to remain suspended in the air rather than falling to the ground. Consequently, consumers can spray less product to achieve the desired fragrance intensity, thereby increasing product lifespan. In some embodiments, the sedimentation percentage produced by the formulations of the present invention at a height of five feet is about 9% to about 20%, or about 9% to about 15%, or about 9% to about 14.5%. Furthermore, the sedimentation percentage of the formulations of the present invention at a height of five feet can be about 9% or about 14.5%.

[0062] Example 2 Figure 2 A graph illustrating the comparison of evaporation times for various spray formulations is provided. In this embodiment, each spray formulation was dispensed onto a mirror using a pump-operated sprayer, and the evaporation time was then measured. More specifically, the solvent mixture was prepared in a 4-ounce amber glass vial equipped with a hand-operated pump-operated sprayer. The output of the fine mist sprayer was measured as 0.12 grams per drive. The hand-operated pump was placed in the sample vial, pre-pressed three times, and then sprayed once onto a 12” × 12” glass mirror from a distance of 12” at a 45° angle. The time when approximately 90% of the spray had evaporated was recorded as the evaporation time. Three tests may be performed to determine statistical differences. Furthermore, for consistency, the same pump-operated sprayer was used for all tests. Subsequent formulation tests required removing the pump-operated sprayer from the vial, wiping it clean, and continuously pressing the sprayer until no more product was dispensed. The pump was then placed in the next sample vial, pre-pressed three times, and the test was repeated. Additionally, the glass mirror was rinsed with water and dried with Kimberly-Clark paper towels between each test.

[0063] Figure 2 The data are further shown in Table 5 below, illustrating the experimental results for the evaporation rates of several formulations. Additionally, the formulations used for testing are shown in Tables 3 and 4 below. Referring to Tables 3 and 4, control formulations, six comparative formulations, and five mixtures utilizing the solvent system of the present invention were tested. The values ​​shown for each formulation represent the weight percentage (wt.%) of the component.

[0064] Table 3

[0065] Table 4

[0066] Table 5

[0067] like Figure 2 As shown in Table 5, the solvent system of the present invention exhibits the fastest evaporation rate compared to other test formulations. In some embodiments, the evaporation rate of the formulations of the present invention is almost half that of the comparative formulations, or significantly lower. Therefore, the formulations of the present invention allow a higher percentage of the active ingredient in aerosols, compressed gases, or trigger spray systems to remain suspended in the air rather than resting on a surface. Consequently, consumers can spray less product to achieve the desired intensity of the active ingredient (e.g., fragrance). These improved evaporation rates also increase product shelf life.

[0068] Example 3 The evaporation rates of several components in the solvent and formulation, present individually, were also tested and compared with the solvent system of the present invention. Specifically, the evaporation rates of propylene carbonate, methyl acetate, dimethyl carbonate, acetone, tert-butyl acetate, ethanol, and water were tested and compared with the solvent system of the present invention comprising ethanol, acetone, dimethyl carbonate, and water. The evaporation rates were determined using the same procedures discussed in Example 2. The results of this test are provided in Table 6.

[0069] Table 6

[0070] As shown in Table 6, the solvent system of the present invention exhibits an improved evaporation rate compared to other solvents. Furthermore, Table 6 confirms the synergistic effect of the solvent mixture. Specifically, the solvent mixture of the present invention exhibits a faster evaporation rate compared to the individual components of the solvent mixture.

[0071] Although the present invention has been disclosed in the context of certain embodiments and examples, those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of the present invention extend beyond the specifically disclosed embodiments to other alternative embodiments and / or uses and modifications and equivalents thereof.

[0072] Those skilled in the art will understand that while the invention has been described above in conjunction with specific embodiments and examples, it is not necessarily limited thereto, and numerous other embodiments, examples, uses, modifications, and deviations from these embodiments, examples, and uses are intended to be included in the appended claims. The entire contents of each patent and publication cited herein are incorporated by reference, as if each such patent or publication were individually incorporated herein by reference.

[0073] Any embodiment described herein can be modified to include any structure or method disclosed in association with different embodiments. Furthermore, the invention is not limited to any particular aerosol container, compressed gas container, or trigger spray system. Rather, the formulations of any embodiment disclosed herein can be modified to suit any type of aerosol or non-aerosol container.

[0074] Industrial applicability In view of the foregoing description, numerous modifications to the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Therefore, this specification should be construed as illustrative only and presented for the purpose of enabling those skilled in the art to make and use the invention. Exclusive rights are reserved to all modifications falling within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A formulation comprising: A solvent system comprising about 10 wt.% to about 40 wt.% of ethanol, acetone and esters, wherein the esters are selected from dimethyl carbonate and methyl acetate; Spices; and water; All weight percentages are based on the total weight of the formulation.

2. The formulation according to claim 1, wherein the ester comprises methyl acetate.

3. The formulation according to claim 1, wherein the ester comprises dimethyl carbonate.

4. The formulation according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the ethanol is about 0.5 wt.% to about 10 wt.%, the acetone is about 5 wt.% to about 20 wt.%, and the ester is about 5 wt.% to about 20 wt.%.

5. The formulation according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein in the solvent system, the weight percentage of ethanol is less than that of acetone or ester.

6. The formulation according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein in the solvent system, the total amount of non-ethanol solvent is in a ratio of at least 4:1 to ethanol.

7. The formulation according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the fragrance is from about 0.01 wt.% to about 5 wt.%.

8. The formulation according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein the water is from about 60 wt.% to about 99 wt.%.

9. The formulation according to any one of claims 1-8, further comprising a propellant selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, an inert gas, air, nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide, or mixtures thereof.

10. The formulation according to any one of claims 1-9, wherein the formulation further comprises a solubilizer, an odor-active ingredient, a surfactant, a pH adjuster, a buffer, or any combination thereof.

11. A formulation comprising: A solvent system comprising about 80 wt.% to about 99.5 wt.% of ethanol, acetone, and esters selected from dimethyl carbonate and methyl acetate; and spices; All weight percentages are based on the total weight of the formulation.

12. The formulation according to claim 11, wherein the ester comprises methyl acetate.

13. The formulation according to claim 11, wherein the ester comprises dimethyl carbonate.

14. The formulation according to any one of claims 11-13, wherein in the solvent system, the weight percentage of ethanol is less than the total amount of non-ethanol solvents.

15. The formulation according to any one of claims 11-14, wherein the ethanol is about 5 wt.% to about 20 wt.%, the acetone is about 5 wt.% to about 20 wt.%, and the ester is about 70 wt.% to about 95 wt.%.

16. The formulation according to any one of claims 11-15, wherein in the solvent system, the total amount of non-ethanol solvent is in a ratio of at least 8:1 to ethanol.

17. The formulation according to any one of claims 11-16, wherein the fragrance is from about 0.01 wt.% to about 5 wt.%.

18. The formulation according to any one of claims 11-17, wherein the formulation further comprises a propellant, a cosolvent, an odorant, a surfactant, a pH adjuster, a buffer, or any combination thereof.

19. A formulation comprising a solvent system, said solvent system comprising: Ethanol from about 1 wt.% to about 15 wt.%; About 5 wt.% to about 15 wt.% of acetone; and About 5 wt.% to about 95 wt.% of esters, said esters being selected from dimethyl carbonate and methyl acetate; All weight percentages are based on the total weight of the formulation.

20. The formulation of claim 19, wherein in the solvent system, the weight percentage of ethanol is less than the total amount of non-ethanol solvents.

21. The formulation according to claim 19 or claim 20, wherein the ester is from about 5 wt.% to about 20 wt.%, and in the solvent system, the total amount of non-ethanol solvent is in a ratio of at least 4:1 to ethanol.

22. The formulation according to claim 19 or claim 20, wherein the ester is from about 70 wt.% to about 95 wt.%, and in the solvent system, the total amount of non-ethanol solvent is in a ratio of at least 8:1 to ethanol.

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