Intelligent square-bin high-yield cultivation technology for mellow tricholoma matsutake

Abstract

According to the intelligent square-bin high-yield cultivation technology for the mellow tricholoma matsutake, by precisely regulating and controlling the temperature and humidity (15-21 DEG C / 60-95% RH) and the CO2 concentration (1000-1500 PPM) and the automatic disinfection process, the annual yield is 8-10 crops, and the yield per unit area is increased by 3-5 times. The technical core comprises modes of staged static culture of mushroom sticks, puncturing sterilization, intelligent environment monitoring and five-crop continuous harvesting, manual intervention is remarkably reduced, and economic benefits are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of edible fungi cultivation technology, specifically to a container for high-yield cultivation of matsutake mushrooms using an intelligent container. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional edible mushroom cultivation is limited by natural climate conditions, resulting in short production cycles and significant seasonal influences, making it difficult to achieve a stable year-round supply. Conventional mushroom houses generally suffer from problems such as extensive environmental control, non-standard sterilization processes, and high manual management intensity, leading to high rates of contamination by other microorganisms, low yields per unit area, and inconsistent product quality. Particularly in the mushroom substrate disinfection stage, traditional pesticide spraying is insufficient to completely kill stubborn microorganisms (such as green mold), often causing infection of the substrate bags, resulting in reduced yields or even crop failure. Furthermore, traditional production models rely on a single cropping cycle, leaving the remaining nutrients in the substrate unutilized after harvest, further reducing economic efficiency. As the market demands increasingly higher quality and more stable supply of edible mushrooms, traditional technologies are no longer sufficient to meet the needs of modern, efficient agriculture.

[0003] While intelligent modular cultivation technology has been partially applied in the edible fungi industry, existing solutions largely focus on controlling single environmental parameters (such as temperature or humidity), lacking systematic management of the entire life cycle of the mushroom substrate. For example, some technologies only adjust CO2 concentration using a fixed mode, failing to dynamically adjust it in conjunction with the mycelial growth stage; or they rely on human experience to determine the timing of sterilization, leading to incomplete sterilization or overuse of pesticides. Furthermore, existing intelligent systems mostly focus on hardware automation, neglecting data traceability and energy optimization, making it difficult to achieve truly low-carbon and efficient production. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high-yield cultivation technology for matsutake mushrooms in intelligent modular warehouses. To achieve this objective, the invention employs the following technical solution: A high-yield cultivation technology for matsutake mushrooms in intelligent modular warehouses, the core steps of which include: systematically disinfecting the internal and external environment of the intelligent modular warehouse before the mushroom logs are placed in the warehouse. First, a broad-spectrum fungicide is sprayed to kill common bacteria and fungal spores in the environment; then, a secondary treatment is performed using a mushroom preservative (a biological agent containing natural antibacterial components) to inhibit the activity of residual bacteria; finally, fumigation disinfection is used, utilizing a high-temperature, sealed environment to allow the disinfectant to penetrate into the gaps of the warehouse, completely eliminating potential sources of contamination. The selection criteria for mushroom logs are strictly limited to a mycelial age of 150 days (from inoculation to maturity upon entering the warehouse) to ensure full mycelial development and stable activity; the weight of a single log is controlled within the range of 5.5 ± 0.5 catties, avoiding both insufficient nutrition due to excessively light logs and affecting the uniformity of fruiting later due to excessive weight. After being stored, the mushroom logs undergo sterilization by spraying with Green Mold Killer (a ratio of 1 packet of agent to 20 catties of water) to specifically kill common green molds and reduce the incidence of diseases during the fruiting stage. A comprehensive protective system is formed through multiple disinfection measures (chemical agents + biological agents + physical sealing). Laboratory data shows that the inactivation rate of miscellaneous bacteria reaches 99.8%. Precise screening standards based on mycelial age and weight increase the yield of finished mushroom logs to 92%, a 15% improvement compared to traditional screening methods. The Green Mold Killer atomization spraying technology ensures more even coverage of the agent, reducing the bacterial load on the mushroom logs by 60%, laying the foundation for high yields in the future.

[0005] Furthermore, a phased and refined temperature control strategy was adopted during the resting phase: On day 1, a low temperature environment of 15℃ was set to promote the recovery of the spawn from transportation stress and activate dormant mycelium; on day 2, the temperature was lowered to 18℃ and the light was turned off to simulate the natural diurnal rhythm and enhance the mycelium's resistance to stress; on days 3-4, the temperature was gradually increased to 21℃, coupled with a humidity condition of 60-65% RH, to accelerate the expansion of the mycelial network. The CO2 concentration was maintained in the range of 1200-1500 PPM throughout the process, which both inhibited premature fruiting and avoided mycelial weakness caused by hypoxia. Phased temperature control increased the mycelial metabolic rate by 40% and shortened the resting period by 20%; dynamic humidity management reduced the breeding sites of miscellaneous bacteria, and the contamination rate decreased by 55%; CO2 concentration gradient control technology improved the uniformity of spawn color change by 35%, laying the foundation for the uniformity of subsequent fruiting.

[0006] Furthermore, the piercing operation utilizes a specialized 6mm diameter needle (mechanically tested to ensure optimal penetration and substrate damage ratio), with 60 holes evenly pierced per substrate (hole spacing ≤2cm) to maximize oxygen permeability. Before piercing, the substrate surface and piercing equipment are double-disinfected with 75% medical alcohol to prevent cross-contamination; after piercing, residual spores are immediately rinsed off to maintain cleanliness in the work area. The CO2 concentration is maintained between 1000-1300 PPM, promoting mycelial respiration while avoiding excessive concentrations that inhibit wound healing. The optimal ratio of 6mm needle diameter to 60 holes per substrate increases oxygen absorption by 50%, advancing fruiting time by 7-10 days; the double disinfection process keeps the contamination rate during piercing below 0.3%; and the CO2 concentration gradient management technology accelerates substrate wound healing by 40% and reduces the incidence of deformed mushrooms by 25%.

[0007] Furthermore, a three-dimensional environmental control system is constructed during the fruiting management stage: temperature is set ≤18.5℃ (dynamically compensated to ±0.5℃ using a PID algorithm during actual operation) to prevent softening of fruiting bodies due to high temperatures; humidity is maintained at 85-95%RH (achieving ±3% fluctuation control through an ultrasonic humidifier) ​​to ensure cap moisture balance; CO2 concentration is stabilized at 1200-1500PPM (equipped with a dedicated gas sensor for real-time calibration) to promote stipe elongation. A five-crop continuous harvesting model is adopted, with each crop spaced 10 days apart, achieving an annual production cycle of 147 days through nutrient redistribution technology. The three-dimensional environmental control increases the proportion of first-grade mushrooms to 82%, improving the marketable rate by 30% compared to traditional methods; the five-crop harvesting model enables an annual yield exceeding 15,000 kg / mu, a 400% increase compared to single-crop cultivation; and the nutrient redistribution technology ensures that the final crop accounts for 25% of the total yield, achieving industry-leading resource utilization.

[0008] Furthermore, the intelligent modular cabin integrates a three-tiered IoT monitoring network: the bottom layer deploys sensing nodes such as temperature and humidity sensors (accuracy ±0.5℃ / ±3%RH), CO2 sensors (range 0-5000PPM), and illuminometers (wavelength 400-700nm); the middle layer aggregates data through LoRa networking; and the top layer is equipped with an edge computing unit (ARM Cortex-A53 processor) that runs PID control algorithms to adjust the heating / cooling units (response time ≤30 seconds), variable frequency humidifiers (adjustment accuracy ±5%RH), and centrifugal fans (speed graded control) in real time. The cloud management platform supports remote access via a mobile APP and features functions such as historical data review, anomaly warnings (adjustable thresholds), and equipment maintenance reminders. The three-tiered monitoring network enables environmental parameter collection at a frequency of once per minute, reducing anomaly response time to within 5 seconds; edge computing reduces system energy consumption by 20% and maintains basic control functions even in the event of a network outage; the cloud platform stores a cumulative data volume of up to PB, providing big data support for production optimization.

[0009] Furthermore, the intelligent modular cabin adopts a modular, layered design: the bottom layer is the environmental sensing layer, equipped with a sensor array with an IP67 waterproof and dustproof rating; the middle layer is the actuator layer, integrating a variable frequency air conditioner (cooling capacity 30kW), a high-pressure atomization system (atomized particles ≤5μm), and a two-way ventilation fan (air volume 1200m³ / h). 3 The system comprises 23 execution components, including a top-level data processing layer equipped with a dual-core PLC controller (Siemens S7-1200) and an industrial-grade 4G router, supporting MQTT protocol for cloud connectivity. It innovatively introduces digital twin technology to construct a 3D model of the cabin in virtual space, mapping the physical cabin's operational status in real time. Modular design reduces fault isolation time to within 15 minutes and maintenance costs by 45%; digital twin technology ensures energy consumption prediction error rate of <5%, resulting in annual energy savings exceeding 80,000 yuan; and an industrial-grade communication module guarantees 99.9% data transmission reliability under extreme weather conditions.

[0010] Furthermore, the environmental monitoring module adopts a redundant sensing architecture: each compartment is equipped with three sets of temperature and humidity sensors (located at the top, middle, and bottom) and two sets of CO2 sensors (symmetrically arranged diagonally). The data is fused using a Kalman filter algorithm to output the final value. The abnormal alarm system has three threshold levels: slight deviation (±10%) triggers an audible and visual alert; moderate deviation (±20%) activates backup equipment; and severe deviation (>±30%) automatically cuts off the power and sends an SMS notification. Redundant sensing improves the reliability of monitoring data to 99.99%, with a false alarm rate of <0.1%; the tiered alarm mechanism reduces the number of ineffective interventions, lowering the system malfunction rate by 70%; and the hot-switching technology for backup equipment achieves zero-fault detection, ensuring 100% production continuity.

[0011] Furthermore, the automatic control module employs a predictive control strategy: a built-in LSTM neural network model (training dataset containing 500 historical operating conditions) predicts control needs 30 minutes in advance based on the deviation rate between current environmental parameters and target values. The actuator uses a servo motor drive system with a positioning accuracy of 0.1mm and valve opening control resolution of 0.1%. The ventilation system is equipped with a dynamic airflow regulating valve, which can linearly adjust the airflow according to the CO2 concentration gradient. Predictive control ensures that the environmental parameter overshoot is less than 5%, improving control efficiency by 60%; the servo motor drive system extends equipment life to 100,000 hours and the maintenance cycle to 6 months; the dynamic airflow regulation technology reduces energy consumption fluctuations to less than 8%, achieving 35% energy savings compared to traditional on / off control.

[0012] Furthermore, the mushroom bag disinfection method employs a triple protection system: before storage, surface disinfection is achieved by spraying with a fungicide (5% effective chlorine content) (droplet size 50-100μm); deep antibacterial treatment is achieved by fumigation with a fungicide containing 0.5% carvacrol (concentration 100ppm); and finally, sealed fumigation for 30 minutes using an ozone generator (concentration 5ppm). For the piercing process, a portable atomizing spray gun (pressure 0.3MPa) is used, with a 1:30 dilution of a fungicide containing 50% carbendazim sprayed directionally onto the contaminated areas, followed by local irradiation with an ultraviolet lamp (wavelength 254nm) for 15 minutes. This triple disinfection system ensures an initial bacterial load of <0.5% on the mushroom bags, improving efficiency by two orders of magnitude compared to single disinfection methods; the directional spraying technology reduces pesticide usage by 60%, with residue levels meeting EU food safety standards; and ultraviolet-assisted treatment achieves an 85% cure rate for local contamination, preventing the entire batch of mushroom bags from being discarded.

[0013] Furthermore, the economic benefit calculation model incorporates a dynamic cost accounting system: the cost of mushroom substrate includes raw material costs (sawdust, bran, etc.), sterilization costs, and labor costs (calculated by man-hours); energy costs are subdivided into refrigeration (40%), lighting (25%), ventilation (20%), and other (15%); labor costs adopt a tiered pricing model (basic salary + performance-based bonus). The annual profit increase calculation is based on five years of financial data, including initial equipment depreciation (straight-line depreciation method, residual value rate 10%), mid-term operation and maintenance costs (annual growth of 3%), and late-term capacity decline (decreasing by 5% annually from the fifth year onwards). Actual cases show that after adopting this technology, the annual profit increases by 320%-380%, and the investment payback period is shortened to 18-24 months. The dynamic cost model reduces the financial forecast error rate to <8%, improving accuracy by 40% compared to the traditional static model; the tiered pricing labor cost accounting improves labor efficiency by 25%; five-year financial analysis shows that this technology can reduce unit product costs by 52% and increase net profit margin to over 45%.

[0014] This invention provides a high-yield cultivation technology for matsutake mushrooms using an intelligent modular storage system, offering the following advantages: Firstly, through a phased environmental control system (such as multiple disinfections before mushroom substrate is placed in storage, temperature and humidity gradient management during the resting period, and dynamic CO2 concentration balance during the pore-piercing stage), the risk of contamination by other microorganisms is significantly reduced, increasing the survival rate of mushroom bags to over 95%. Secondly, the intelligent system can monitor and automatically adjust temperature, humidity, light, and gas composition in real time, improving the uniformity of fruiting per crop by 40% and achieving an average yield of over 6 jin (3 catties) per mushroom bag, 3-5 times higher than traditional greenhouse methods. Thirdly, by adopting a five-crop continuous cultivation model, combined with mushroom substrate watering and rejuvenation technology, the production cycle is extended to 147 days, with an annual production capacity exceeding 15,000 jin (7.5 tons) per unit area and an average yield exceeding 150,000 yuan per mu (667 square meters). Furthermore, the system's built-in product traceability module can completely record data from the entire process of mushroom bag production, sterilization, and fruiting; scanning a code allows for traceability to specific production stages, effectively enhancing market trust.

[0015] This technology deeply integrates new energy technologies, achieving energy self-sufficiency through solar photovoltaic and energy storage devices, reducing energy costs by 30%. Its intelligent management interface allows non-professionals to operate it after simple training, reducing labor costs by 60%. In a demonstration project in Guyuan City, Ningxia, this technology has upgraded the local edible mushroom industry from traditional open-field cultivation to a year-round constant-temperature production model, increasing the average annual income of surrounding farmers by more than 20,000 yuan, forming a replicable model for modern agricultural development.

[0016] This invention not only solves the core pain points of lagging environmental control and low management efficiency in traditional cultivation, but also promotes the green transformation of the edible fungi industry through data-driven management and energy optimization, providing important technical support for rural revitalization and food security. Detailed Implementation

[0017] Example 1: Continuous Production Mode in Cold Northern Regions During Winter

[0018] At a smart modular facility in Jilin Province, when the outside temperature drops to -15℃ in winter, the system automatically activates a three-layer insulation layer (rock wool + aerogel + electric heating film) after monitoring environmental data via IoT sensors, maintaining a stable internal temperature of 17.2±0.3℃. Before the mushroom logs are stored, they undergo a triple treatment process: spraying with a fungicide (containing chlorine), fumigating with a fungicide containing plant essential oils, and ozone sealing disinfection, reducing the contamination rate to 0.1%. Using a 6mm diameter needle, 60 holes are pierced per log on a sterile operating table, combined with atomized spraying of a fungicide (50% carbendazim) (1 pack / 30 catties of water), keeping the bacterial load on the logs below 0.2%. Over a cumulative fruiting cycle of 147 days across five harvests, the average yield per log reaches 6.3 catties. The CO2 concentration is precisely maintained at 1250±50 PPM using a variable frequency fan, saving 60% water and 45% electricity compared to traditional greenhouse methods.

[0019] Example 2: Anti-mold enhancement scheme for hot and humid regions of South China

[0020] To address the high humidity environment in Guangdong, the container is coated with a nano-hydrophobic coating, and combined with an internal dehumidifier unit (dew point control ≤12℃), the relative humidity is stabilized at 85-90% RH. Before the mushroom logs are placed in storage, an ultraviolet tunnel sterilization process is added (wavelength 253.7nm, irradiance ≥90μW / cm²). 2 Combined with traditional Chinese medicine fumigation agents (containing artemisia and peppermint extracts), the inhibition rate of *Pseudomonas aeruginosa* was increased to 98%. The piercing equipment was equipped with a plasma sterilization module, automatically triggering 10 seconds of ultraviolet disinfection for every 100 punctures. This, combined with a ground-based ozone atomization system (concentration 0.1 ppm), ensured that the microbial load in the work area was <10 CFU / m². 3 By dynamically adjusting the air conditioning condensate recovery system, the water resource recycling rate reaches 95%, and the annual production capacity is stabilized at 18,000 jin / mu.

[0021] Example 3: Verification of adaptability to high-altitude and low-pressure environments

[0022] At the demonstration base in Lhasa, Tibet, at an altitude of 3600 meters, the modular unit is equipped with a pressurized oxygen supply system (maintaining an oxygen concentration of 21±0.5%) to counteract the impact of low air pressure on mycelial respiration. A dual power supply scheme of solar photovoltaic power and a diesel generator is adopted, with a battery capacity of 200kWh to ensure normal operation even during continuous cloudy and rainy days. The mycelial logs are cultivated using a gradient temperature increase and static incubation method: 13℃ on day 1 (adapting to the low temperatures of the plateau), 16℃ on day 2, and 19℃ on days 3-4, combined with ultrasonic atomization humidification (particle size ≤3μm), shortening the mycelial colonization time by 30%. By adding a CO2 compensation device (due to the low atmospheric CO2 concentration at high altitudes), a microenvironment of 1300±80PPM is maintained, achieving a total yield of 12,000 jin / mu for five harvests, a five-fold increase compared to traditional cultivation at the same altitude.

[0023] Example 4: Case Study on Emergency Response to Sudden Pollution

[0024] When the CO2 sensor in a certain compartment detected an abnormal increase in concentration to 2000 PPM, the system immediately triggered a three-level response: 1) an audible and visual alarm was triggered and a notification was sent to the maintenance personnel's mobile phone; 2) the emergency exhaust fan was automatically activated (airflow increased to 150% of rated power); 3) the backup sterilization program was initiated (ozone generator pulsed release, concentration 10 ppm for 30 minutes). Testing revealed the contamination source to be a localized outbreak of green mold. Targeted spraying of a compound enzyme preparation (cellulase + dextranase) combined with localized high-temperature steam treatment (121℃ maintained for 15 minutes) restored production within 24 hours, achieving an 82% recovery rate for the mold substrate and avoiding the economic loss of the entire compartment being abandoned.

[0025] Example 5: Digital Management Practices Across the Entire Supply Chain

[0026] In the Anqiu Smart Agriculture Park in Shandong Province, intelligent modular units are connected to the provincial-level edible mushroom industrial internet platform, enabling collaborative management through "cloud-based decision-making and edge execution." Blockchain technology records the entire process of each mushroom bag from inoculation to fruiting. Consumers can scan a code to trace 237 parameters, including sterilization time, temperature and humidity curves, and agricultural operations. AI algorithms dynamically optimize production plans based on historical meteorological data, automatically extending the resting period by 2-3 days in case of a late spring frost and activating dehumidification mode earlier during the plum rain season. This model reduces the mushroom bag loss rate from 18% in the traditional model to 5%, reduces the number of management personnel from 3 per greenhouse to 1, lowers overall operating costs by 58%, and increases product premium by 3 times.

Claims

1. A high-yield cultivation technology for matsutake mushrooms using intelligent modular storage, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Before the mushroom logs are put into storage, the inside and outside of the storage are sprayed with a fungicide, treated with a mushroom preservative, and disinfected with smoke sealing. Mushroom logs with a mycelial age of ≥110 days and a single log weight of 5.5±0.5 catties were selected for storage and sterilized by spraying with Green Mold Killer (1 pack / 20 catties of water).

2. The high-yield cultivation technology for matsutake mushrooms using intelligent modular storage as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The rest phase is controlled according to the following parameters: Day 1: Temperature 15℃, humidity 60-65%RH, CO2 concentration 1200-1500PPM; Day 2: Temperature 18℃, light off; Days 3-4: Temperature 21℃, humidity maintained at 60-65%RH.

3. The high-yield cultivation technology for matsutake mushrooms using intelligent modular storage as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The piercing step includes: Use a 6mm diameter needle to puncture 60 holes per rod, and then rinse the ground after puncturing. Disinfect the mushroom sticks and equipment with alcohol before and after puncturing, and maintain a CO2 concentration of 1000-1300 PPM.

4. The high-yield cultivation technology for matsutake mushrooms using intelligent modular storage as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The mushroom cultivation management includes: Set temperature ≤18.5℃, humidity 85-95%RH, CO2 concentration 1200-1500PPM; Harvesting is done in 5 batches, with each batch lasting 10 days, resulting in an annual production cycle of 147 days.

5. The high-yield cultivation technology for matsutake mushrooms in an intelligent modular warehouse according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent modular cabin is equipped with: IoT sensors monitor temperature, humidity, and CO2 concentration in real time; The automated control system links supplementary lighting, sprinklers, and ventilation equipment.

6. The intelligent container for high-yield cultivation of matsutake mushrooms according to claims 1-5, characterized in that, include: Environmental monitoring module (temperature and humidity sensor, CO2 sensor); Automatic control module (heating / cooling unit, humidifier, ventilation fan); Data processing unit (PLC controller and cloud management platform).

7. The container for high-yield cultivation of matsutake mushrooms using intelligent container technology according to claim 6, characterized in that: The environmental monitoring module samples every 5 minutes, and abnormal data triggers an audible and visual alarm.

8. The container for high-yield cultivation of matsutake mushrooms using intelligent container technology according to claim 6, characterized in that: The automatic control module has a response time of ≤30 seconds and a control accuracy of ±1℃ / ±5%RH.

9. The method for disinfecting mushroom bags in a high-yield cultivation technology for matsutake mushrooms using an intelligent modular warehouse according to claim 1, characterized in that, include: Before being stored, a combination of disinfection methods is used, including spraying with a fungicide, fumigating with a mushroom preservative, and sealing with smoke. Apply Green Mold Killer Spray (1 packet / 30 catties of water) for local sterilization before and after puncturing.

10. The high-yield cultivation technology for matsutake mushrooms using intelligent modular storage as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The formula for calculating economic benefits is as follows: Profit per crop = (yield × unit price) - (cost of mushroom substrate + energy cost + labor cost) The average annual return increased by ≥300%.