A multi-side synchronous bending machine and bending method

Abstract

The present application relates to plate processing equipment technical field, especially to a kind of multi-edge synchronous bending machine and bending method, including rack, sliding block, hydraulic system and workbench;It further includes deflection compensation device, positioning auxiliary device and multi-edge synchronous bending device, multi-edge synchronous bending device includes two groups of lateral bending mechanism and transverse bending mechanism, lateral bending mechanism is slidably connected on multidirectional positioning datum table by guide slide rail, and is cooperatively connected with transverse bending mechanism;Transverse bending mechanism is arranged between two groups of lateral bending mechanism, and transverse bending mechanism is fixedly connected with sliding block.The present application realizes the one-time forming processing of multi-edge plate by the accurate positioning of positioning auxiliary device, the cooperative action of multi-edge synchronous bending device, the dynamic adjustment of deflection compensation device and the buffer stability of elastic pre-tightening device, effectively solves the problems of large cumulative error and low production efficiency caused by multiple positioning in traditional bending process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of sheet metal processing equipment technology, and in particular to a multi-sided synchronous bending machine and bending method. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of sheet metal processing, bending is a key forming method that is widely used in many industries such as automobile manufacturing, home appliance production, and building decoration.

[0003] Traditional bending equipment often requires multiple positioning and step-by-step processing to perform multi-sided bending of sheet metal. For example, patent application CN117505607A discloses a sheet metal bending machine, including a machine body, a slider slidably mounted on the machine body, and several clamping components. The clamping components include a fastening handle and a cutter holder. The cutter holder is fixedly mounted to the slider, and the fastening handle is rotatably mounted on the clamping base. A guide rail is fixedly mounted on the machine body. A turning part includes a reciprocating lead screw, a sliding plate, and a turning plate. The reciprocating lead screw is rotatably connected to the slider, the sliding plate is threadedly slidably connected to the reciprocating lead screw, and the sliding plate is slidably connected to the groove. The turning plate is mounted on the sliding plate and is at the same horizontal plane as the fastening handle. The turning plate is used to turn the fastening handle to rotate. By setting up the turning part, it is not necessary to manually turn the fastening handle sequentially, making it convenient to use.

[0004] However, while this technical solution can automatically load and unload materials when bending sheet metal, the bending action relies on the single vertical movement of the upper and lower dies, and can only process one bending edge at a time. For rectangular, U-shaped, polygonal, and other multi-sided sheet metal, multiple positioning and bending operations are required to meet the multi-sided bending requirements. This processing mode is not only cumbersome and consumes a lot of labor and time, but also the multiple positioning can easily lead to cumulative errors, making it difficult to guarantee the dimensional accuracy of the bent workpiece, especially for some products with complex shapes and high requirements for multi-sided bending angles. At the same time, traditional processes are difficult to meet the high-efficiency and high-precision processing requirements of modern industrial production. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to address the technical deficiencies mentioned in the background art, the present invention aims to provide a multi-sided synchronous bending machine and bending method, which aims to solve the technical problems of large cumulative errors, low production efficiency, and difficulty in forming complex multi-sided plates in one step caused by multiple positioning processes in traditional bending equipment.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A multi-sided synchronous bending machine includes a frame, a slider slidably connected to the frame, a hydraulic system mounted on the top of the frame for driving the slider to rise and fall, and a worktable fixedly connected to the bottom of the frame; it also includes:

[0008] A deflection compensation device is used to compensate for the deflection deformation of a worktable caused by force during bending. The deflection compensation device includes multiple displacement sensors evenly arranged on the upper surface of the worktable and a servo compensation component embedded in the worktable. The displacement sensors are embedded and fixedly connected to the worktable, and the displacement sensors are electrically connected to the servo compensation component. The servo compensation component applies an upward pushing force to the worktable by hydraulic or mechanical means to make the worktable produce a pre-deformation opposite to the deflection direction.

[0009] A positioning auxiliary device is used for multi-directional reference positioning and clamping of sheet metal. The positioning auxiliary device includes a multi-directional positioning reference platform, a clamping positioning mechanism, and a vision positioning system. The multi-directional positioning reference platform is located inside the frame and is set at the same height as the worktable. A three-axis fine-tuning mechanism that moves along the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis is slidably connected to the bottom of the multi-directional positioning reference platform. The clamping positioning mechanism is symmetrically distributed above the multi-directional positioning reference platform and is connected to the multi-directional positioning reference platform. The vision positioning system includes multiple cameras, which are respectively installed at four angles (front, back, left, and right) above the multi-directional positioning reference platform.

[0010] A multi-sided synchronous bending device is used to achieve simultaneous bending of multiple sides of a sheet metal. The device includes two sets of lateral bending mechanisms symmetrically arranged on both sides of a multi-directional positioning reference platform, and two sets of transverse bending mechanisms arranged on the front and rear sides of a worktable. The lateral bending mechanisms and transverse bending mechanisms are perpendicularly arranged to form a parallelogram structure. The lateral bending mechanisms are detachably connected to the multi-directional positioning reference platform. The transverse bending mechanisms are fixedly connected to the slider and the worktable, respectively. Through the coordinated action of the transverse bending mechanisms and the lateral bending mechanisms, multi-sided synchronous bending of the sheet metal is achieved.

[0011] Preferably, the lateral bending mechanism includes a motor mounting base, a flipping motor, a flipping component, and a side pressure plate. The flipping motor is fixed on a multi-directional positioning reference platform via the motor mounting base, and the output end of the flipping motor is connected to the flipping component for transmission. The flipping component is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the side pressure plate and is detachably connected to the side pressure plate.

[0012] Preferably, the transverse bending mechanism includes a bending die and a hydraulic locking assembly. The bending die consists of an upper die and a lower die. One end of the upper die is fixed to the bottom of the slider by the hydraulic locking assembly. The lower die is detachably connected to the worktable by a T-bolt or quick clamp, and a bending groove is provided on the top of the lower die. The bending groove has a V-shaped or U-shaped cross-section.

[0013] Preferably, the hydraulic locking assembly includes a locking cylinder and a wedge-shaped locking block. The cylinder body of the locking cylinder is fixed to the bottom of the slider, and the piston rod end of the locking cylinder is fixedly connected to the wedge-shaped locking block. The top of the upper mold is provided with a wedge-shaped groove that matches the wedge-shaped locking block.

[0014] Preferably, the clamping and positioning mechanism includes a mounting frame, a clamping pad, a clamping upper plate, and a clamping cylinder. A crossbeam is connected between the mounting frame and the two side walls of the machine frame. The crossbeam is arranged along the length of the machine frame, and a screw drive assembly is connected between the crossbeam and the mounting frame. The clamping cylinder is fixedly connected to the top of the mounting frame, and the output end of the clamping cylinder is drively connected to the clamping upper plate. The clamping upper plate is fixedly arranged on the top of the clamping pad, and a bidirectional guide rod is provided between the clamping upper plate and the mounting frame.

[0015] Preferably, the lead screw transmission assembly includes a lead screw seat, a guide rail, and a drive motor. The lead screw seat is slidably connected to the crossbeam frame, and the guide rail is fixedly connected to the top of the crossbeam frame and slidably connected to the clamping and positioning mechanism. The drive motor is fixed to the frame, and the output end of the drive motor is connected to the lead screw seat for transmission.

[0016] Preferably, the servo compensation component includes a servo motor, a ball screw, and a compensation rod. The servo motor is connected to the compensation rod via the ball screw, and the top of the compensation rod abuts against the worktable panel.

[0017] Preferably, the inner side of the slider is further provided with an elastic pre-tightening device, which includes a pre-tightening slide plate and a guide sleeve. The pre-tightening slide plate is connected to the inner wall of the slider through the guide sleeve, and the extension and retraction direction of the pre-tightening slide plate is consistent with the lifting and lowering direction of the slider.

[0018] Preferably, the frame is also provided with a central control system, which is electrically connected to the hydraulic system, deflection compensation device, positioning auxiliary device and multi-sided synchronous bending device respectively; the central control system has a built-in PLC controller and human-machine interface, the PLC controller receives feedback signals from displacement sensor and visual positioning system, and controls the lateral bending mechanism and transverse bending mechanism to work together according to preset bending process parameters.

[0019] A bending method using a multi-sided synchronous bending machine includes the following steps:

[0020] S1. Sheet material loading and reference positioning: The sheet material to be processed is placed on the multi-directional positioning reference platform. The central control system starts the vision positioning system and uses cameras at four angles to collect the edge contour and feature point information of the sheet material. The PLC controller analyzes and calculates the actual position coordinates of the sheet material and compares them with the preset reference coordinates. If there is a deviation, the central control system drives the three-axis fine-tuning mechanism to move the multi-directional positioning reference platform along the X-axis and Y-axis and fine-tune it along the Z-axis until the positioning reference of the sheet material coincides with the processing reference of the equipment.

[0021] S2. Plate clamping and fixing: After positioning, the central control system controls the action of the clamping and positioning mechanism. The drive motor drives the mounting frame to move along the crossbeam frame to the area above the plate to be clamped through the screw transmission assembly. Then the piston rod of the clamping cylinder extends and pushes the clamping upper plate and clamping pad to move downward, pressing the plate tightly onto the multi-directional positioning reference platform.

[0022] S3. Presetting bending parameters and preparing for deflection compensation: The operator inputs the process parameters of sheet material, thickness, bending angle and number of bending edges through the human-machine interface of the central control system. The PLC controller calls the built-in bending database according to the parameters to generate the action sequence of the lateral bending mechanism and the transverse bending mechanism. At the same time, the displacement sensor monitors the surface flatness data of the worktable in the initial state in real time and feeds the signal back to the PLC controller, and the servo compensation component enters the ready-to-start state.

[0023] S4. Multi-sided synchronous bending execution: The central control system controls the hydraulic system to drive the slider to move the upper die of the transverse bending mechanism downward. Before the lower die contacts the sheet metal, the pre-tensioning slide of the elastic pre-tensioning device first makes flexible contact with the surface of the sheet metal under the action of the guide sleeve, and eliminates the gap between the sheet metal and the die through the pre-tensioning force. Subsequently, the upper and lower dies of the transverse bending mechanism cooperate to bend the transverse side of the sheet metal. After the transverse bending is completed, the flipping motor of the lateral bending mechanism drives the flipping component to flip the side pressure plate, thereby completing the bending of each side of the sheet metal.

[0024] S5. Bending accuracy detection and adjustment: After the bending action is completed, the vision positioning system will again collect images and detect the bending angle and bending size of the board. If the detection result exceeds the preset tolerance range, the central control system will automatically adjust the flipping angle of the lateral bending mechanism or the downward stroke of the transverse bending mechanism, and re-execute the local bending correction until all bending edges meet the process requirements.

[0025] S6. Material feeding and cycle operation: After the sheet metal is bent to the qualified condition, the piston rod of the clamping cylinder of the clamping and positioning mechanism retracts, releasing the sheet metal. The operator or the automatic feeding device removes the formed sheet metal from the multi-directional positioning reference table. The central control system automatically resets each actuator to the initial position, waiting for the next sheet metal to be fed, and enters the next bending cycle.

[0026] In summary, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0027] This invention integrates a multi-sided synchronous bending device, a positioning auxiliary device, and a deflection compensation device, enabling simultaneous multi-sided bending in a single clamping operation. This significantly reduces the number of positioning operations and prevents cumulative errors. Furthermore, when bending sheet metal, the visual positioning system works in conjunction with a multi-directional positioning reference platform to ensure accurate sheet metal positioning, greatly reducing the frequency of operator contact with the bending area and minimizing safety risks. Simultaneously, the deflection compensation device uses displacement sensors to acquire deformation data in real time and dynamically adjust it, completely solving the deflection deformation problem of the slider and worktable, further improving bending accuracy and efficiency. In addition, the lateral bending mechanism and the transverse bending mechanism work together to meet the bending needs of various complex sheet metal shapes such as rectangles, U-shapes, and polygons, thereby expanding the processing range of the equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is an overall assembly diagram of the multi-sided synchronous bending machine of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Enlarged view of the structure at point a;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a rear view of the multi-sided synchronous bending machine of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a top view of the multi-sided synchronous bending machine of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of the AA plane;

[0033] Figure 6 yes Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of the BB plane;

[0034] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 Enlarged view of the structure at point b in the middle;

[0035] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the internal components of the multi-sided synchronous bending machine of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the clamping and positioning mechanism in this invention;

[0037] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the lateral bending mechanism in this invention.

[0038] Explanation of the reference numerals in the figure:

[0039] 1. Frame; 11. Workbench; 12. Crossbeam frame;

[0040] 2. Slider;

[0041] 3. Hydraulic system; 31. Hydraulic cylinder; 32. Hydraulic pump; 33. Control valve assembly;

[0042] 4. Deflection compensation device; 41. Displacement sensor; 42. Servo compensation component; 421. Servo motor; 422. Ball screw; 423. Compensation push rod;

[0043] 5. Positioning auxiliary device; 51. Positioning reference platform; 511. Two-way linear slide rail; 52. Clamping and positioning mechanism; 521. Mounting bracket; 522. Clamping pad; 523. Clamping upper plate; 524. Clamping cylinder; 525. Guide rod; 53. Vision positioning system; 54. Three-axis fine adjustment mechanism;

[0044] 6. Lateral bending mechanism; 61. Motor mounting base; 62. Tilting motor; 63. Tilting component; 64. Side pressure plate;

[0045] 7. Lateral bending mechanism; 71. Upper die; 72. Lower die; 721. Bending groove; 73. Hydraulic locking assembly; 731. Locking cylinder; 732. Wedge locking block;

[0046] 8. Elastic pre-tightening device; 81. Pre-tightening slide plate; 82. Guide sleeve;

[0047] 9. Lead screw drive assembly; 91. Lead screw seat; 92. Guide rail; 93. Drive motor;

[0048] 10. Central control system. Detailed Implementation

[0049] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0050] Those skilled in the art should understand that, in the disclosure of this invention, the terms "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the above terms should not be construed as limiting this invention.

[0051] In the description of this invention, the use of terms such as "a number" means one or more, with "more than" meaning two or more. Terms like "greater than," "less than," and "exceeding" are understood to exclude the stated number, while terms like "above," "below," and "within" are understood to include the stated number. The use of terms like "first," "second," and "third" is merely for distinguishing technical features and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, the number of indicated technical features, or the sequential relationship between indicated technical features.

[0052] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-10 The embodiments of the multi-sided synchronous bending machine and bending method of the present invention will be described in further detail below.

[0053] A multi-sided synchronous bending machine, such as Figure 1 As shown, the machine frame 1, the slider 2 slidably connected to the machine frame 1, the hydraulic system 3 installed on the top of the machine frame 1 for driving the slider 2 to rise and fall, and the worktable 11 fixedly connected to the bottom of the machine frame 1; it also includes a deflection compensation device 4, a positioning auxiliary device 5 and a multi-sided synchronous bending device.

[0054] Furthermore, the hydraulic system 3 includes a hydraulic cylinder 31, a hydraulic pump 32, and a control valve group 33. The cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder 31 is fixed to the top of the frame 1, and the piston rod end is fixedly connected to the center position of the upper surface of the slider 2. The hydraulic pump 32 is connected to the hydraulic cylinder 31 and the control valve group 33 through a high-pressure oil pipe. The control valve group 33 integrates an overflow valve, a reversing valve, and a flow regulating valve, which are used to precisely control the lifting speed and pressure output of the slider 2 to ensure power stability during the bending process.

[0055] In this embodiment, as Figure 5-7 As shown, the deflection compensation device 4 includes multiple displacement sensors 41 and multiple sets of servo compensation components 42. The displacement sensors 41 are evenly arranged on the lower surface of the slider 2 and the upper surface of the worktable 11, and the displacement sensors 41 are embedded and fixedly connected to the slider 2 and the worktable 11. The servo compensation components 42 are embedded in the worktable 11 and correspond one-to-one with the displacement sensors 41.

[0056] Furthermore, the displacement sensor 41 employs high-precision grating displacement sensors, with 8-12 sensors in total, and the spacing between two adjacent displacement sensors 41 is 400-600mm. The displacement sensor 41 can capture the deflection deformation of the slider 2 during its downward movement and the sinking of the worktable 11 under load in real time. Multiple sets of servo compensation components 42 are evenly arranged according to the force distribution pattern of the worktable 11, with the spacing between adjacent servo compensation components 42 not exceeding 500mm, forming a grid-like compensation area. This allows for precise compensation for local deformation at different bending positions, avoiding a decrease in overall bending accuracy due to insufficient compensation at a single point.

[0057] Furthermore, the servo compensation component 42 includes a servo motor 421, a ball screw 422, and a compensation rod 423. The servo motor 421 is connected to one end of the ball screw 422 via a coupling, and the other end of the ball screw 422 is threadedly engaged with the compensation rod 423. When the displacement sensor 41 detects deformation data, the PLC controller quickly calculates the compensation value, drives the servo motor 421 to rotate in both directions, and drives the compensation rod 423 to rise and fall slightly in the vertical direction, dynamically offsetting the local sinking of the worktable 11 and ensuring the flatness of the bending surface.

[0058] In this embodiment, as Figure 4-6 As shown, the positioning auxiliary device 5 includes a multi-directional positioning reference platform 51, a clamping positioning mechanism 52, and a visual positioning system 53. The multi-directional positioning reference platform 51 is located inside the frame 1 and is set at the same height as the worktable 11. A three-axis fine-tuning mechanism 54 that moves along the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis is slidably connected to the bottom of the multi-directional positioning reference platform 51. The clamping positioning mechanism 52 is symmetrically distributed above the multi-directional positioning reference platform 51 and is connected to the multi-directional positioning reference platform 51. The visual positioning system 53 includes multiple cameras, which are respectively installed at four angles above the multi-directional positioning reference platform 51: front, back, left, and right.

[0059] Furthermore, the three-axis fine-tuning mechanism 54 includes an X-axis slide, a Y-axis slide, and a Z-axis lifting platform, which are sequentially connected by precision linear guides. The bottom of the X-axis slide is fixed to the base inside the frame 1, the Y-axis slide slides on the guide rail of the X-axis slide, and the Z-axis lifting platform is connected to the Y-axis slide via a ball screw pair 422. The X-axis and Y-axis slides are respectively equipped with a servo motor 421 and a planetary reducer to compensate for sheet thickness errors and reference surface height differences. When the vision positioning system 53 transmits the sheet position deviation data, the central control system 10 synchronously drives the three-axis fine-tuning mechanism 54 to perform X / Y / Z axis compensation adjustments, while controlling the descent of the clamping and positioning mechanism 52. Through the coordinated constraint of the clamping and positioning mechanism 52 and the multi-directional positioning reference platform 51, the sheet can be positioned and clamped to prevent the sheet from shifting during bending.

[0060] Furthermore, the visual positioning system 53 adopts an industrial CCD camera with a resolution of 2 million pixels and a frame rate of 30fps. Combined with a ring LED light source to provide uniform diffuse reflection illumination, it can quickly complete the outline recognition and coordinate calculation of the board material. The visual positioning system 53 has a built-in edge defect detection algorithm, which can automatically identify defects such as edge burrs >0.2mm or warping >0.5mm on the board material and trigger the PLC controller to issue a warning signal to prevent unqualified boards from entering the bending process.

[0061] It is worth noting that, in addition to contour recognition and positioning, the visual positioning system 53 can also record the bending parameters of each board (such as bending pressure, angle, and compensation value), forming a production log stored in the database of the central control system 10, which facilitates later quality traceability and process parameter optimization.

[0062] In this embodiment, as Figure 5 , 6 As shown in Figure 9, the clamping and positioning mechanism 52 includes a mounting frame 521, a clamping pad 522, a clamping upper plate 523, and a clamping cylinder 524. A crossbeam frame 12 is connected between the mounting frame 521 and the two side walls of the frame 1. The crossbeam frame 12 is arranged along the length of the frame 1, and a screw drive assembly 9 is connected between the crossbeam frame 12 and the mounting frame 521. The clamping pad 522 is fixed to the bottom of the mounting frame 521, and the clamping upper plate 523 is arranged directly above the clamping pad 522. A bidirectional guide rod 525 is arranged between the clamping upper plate 523 and the mounting frame 521. The output end of the clamping cylinder 524 is connected to the clamping upper plate 523 in a transmission manner.

[0063] Specifically, when the PLC controller receives the bending preparation signal, the piston rod of the clamping cylinder 524 extends, pushing the clamping upper plate 523 vertically downward along the bidirectional guide rod 525 until the lower surface of the clamping upper plate 523 is tightly attached to the upper surface of the sheet material. At this time, the clamping pad 522 and the clamping upper plate 523 form a rigid clamping force on the sheet material. The bidirectional guide rod 525 uses a chrome-plated optical shaft and a self-lubricating linear bearing to ensure that the clamping upper plate 523 moves downward without any swaying.

[0064] The working pressure of the clamping cylinder 524 can be steplessly adjusted within the range of 0.3-0.8 MPa via a pneumatic pressure regulating valve. For thin plates with a thickness of 1-3 mm, a low-pressure clamping pressure of 0.3-0.5 MPa is used to prevent indentations; for thick plates with a thickness of 3-20 mm, a high-pressure clamping pressure of 0.6-0.8 MPa is used to prevent slippage during bending. The upper surface of the clamping pad 522 has a transverse T-slot, allowing for the replacement of wear-resistant liners of different lengths according to the width of the plate, thereby further improving the clamping friction.

[0065] Furthermore, the lead screw drive assembly 9 includes a lead screw seat 91, a guide rail 92, and a drive motor 93. The lead screw seat 91 is fixed to the crossbeam frame 12 of the frame 1. The drive motor 93 is connected to the ball screw via a coupling, and the ball screw nut is fixed to the mounting bracket 521 of the clamping and positioning mechanism 52. The guide rail 92 is arranged parallel to both sides of the ball screw, and the bottom of the mounting bracket 521 is slidably connected to the guide rail 92 via a slider. The drive motor 93 is a servo motor, which, in conjunction with a high-precision planetary reducer, can drive the clamping and positioning mechanism 52 to adjust its position along the crossbeam frame 12 to adapt to the clamping requirements of plates of different widths.

[0066] In this embodiment, as Figure 4-6 As shown, the multi-sided synchronous bending device includes two sets of lateral bending mechanisms 6 symmetrically arranged on both sides of the multi-directional positioning reference platform 51, and two sets of transverse bending mechanisms 7 arranged on the front and rear sides of the worktable 11. The lateral bending mechanisms 6 and the transverse bending mechanisms 7 are arranged perpendicularly to form a parallelogram structure. The lateral bending mechanisms 6 are detachably connected to the multi-directional positioning reference platform 51. The transverse bending mechanisms 7 are fixedly connected to the slider 2 and the worktable 11 respectively. Through the coordinated action of the transverse bending mechanisms 7 and the lateral bending mechanisms 6, the multi-sided synchronous bending of the sheet metal can be achieved.

[0067] Furthermore, such as Figure 10 As shown, the lateral bending mechanism 6 includes a motor mounting base 61, a flipping motor 62, a flipping component 63, and a side pressure plate 64. The flipping motor 62 is fixed to the multi-directional positioning reference platform 51 via the motor mounting base 61, and the output end of the flipping motor 62 is connected to the flipping component 63 via a transmission connection. The flipping component 63 is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the side pressure plate 64 and is detachably connected to the side pressure plate 64. The flipping motor 62 is a geared motor, and its output shaft is connected to the rotation shaft of the flipping component 63 via a reducer. The flipping component 63 has an L-shaped structure. The side pressure plate 64 is fixed to the vertical end of the flipping component 63 by bolts. When performing lateral bending, the clamping cylinder 524 first drives the clamping upper plate 523 downward to press the edge of the plate onto the clamping pad 522. Then, the flipping motor 62 drives the flipping component 63 to rotate, and the side pressure plate 64 pushes the edge of the plate to bend along a preset angle. The bending angle range can be precisely adjusted between 0-180°.

[0068] In this embodiment, as Figure 1-3 As shown, the transverse bending mechanism 7 includes a bending die and a hydraulic locking assembly 73. The bending die consists of an upper die 71 and a lower die 72. One end of the upper die 71 is fixed to the bottom of the slider 2 by the hydraulic locking assembly 73. The lower die 72 is detachably connected to the worktable 11 by a T-bolt or quick clamp. A bending groove 721 is provided above the top of the lower die 72. The bending groove 721 has a V-shaped or U-shaped cross section.

[0069] Furthermore, the angle of the bending groove 721 can be selected according to bending requirements, such as 30°, 45°, and 60°, with a groove depth of 5-20mm and a groove width adapted to the thickness of the sheet metal, ensuring a tight fit between the sheet metal and the mold during bending. The hydraulic locking assembly 73 includes a locking cylinder 731 and a wedge-shaped locking block 732. The cylinder body of the locking cylinder 731 is fixed to the side of the slider 2, and the piston rod end is connected to the wedge-shaped locking block 732. The mounting end of the upper mold 71 has a wedge-shaped groove that matches the wedge-shaped locking block 732. When the locking cylinder 731 extends, the wedge-shaped locking block 732 is embedded in the wedge-shaped groove, and the upper mold 71 is quickly locked by the inclined surface extrusion. The locking force can reach 15-20kN, effectively preventing the upper mold 71 from shifting during bending. For those skilled in the art, the hydraulic locking assembly 73 is a common fixture for the upper die 71 in existing sheet metal bending machines. Its specific structure and working principle can be found in existing common knowledge, and will not be described in detail in this embodiment.

[0070] In this embodiment, as Figure 8 As shown, the elastic pre-tightening device 8 is disposed between the lateral bending mechanism 6 and the multi-directional positioning reference platform 51, including a pre-tightening slide plate 81 and a guide sleeve 82. The pre-tightening slide plate 81 is slidably connected to the guide sleeve 82 through a linear bearing, and the guide sleeve 82 is fixed to the side of the multi-directional positioning reference platform 51. A disc spring assembly is connected between the pre-tightening slide plate 81 and the motor mounting base 61 of the lateral bending mechanism 6. When the lateral bending mechanism 6 is adjusted in position, the disc spring assembly can provide a continuous pre-tightening force to ensure that the motor mounting base 61 and the pre-tightening slide plate 81 fit tightly together and eliminate the influence of gaps on positioning accuracy.

[0071] Furthermore, the guide sleeve 82 has a hollow structure, and the pre-tightening slide plate 81 is nested inside the guide sleeve 82. One end of the guide sleeve 82 is fixed to the inner wall of the slider 2. When the slider 2 moves down and contacts the plate, the pre-tightening slide plate 81 can provide a buffer force to avoid instantaneous impact causing damage to the plate surface, while enhancing the pressure stability during the bending process.

[0072] In this embodiment, as Figure 1 As shown, a central control system 10 is also provided on the side of the frame 1. The central control system 10 is electrically connected to the hydraulic system 3, the deflection compensation device 4, the positioning auxiliary device 5 and the multi-sided synchronous bending device respectively. The central control system 10 has a built-in PLC controller and human-machine interface. The PLC controller receives feedback signals from the displacement sensor 41 and the vision positioning system 53, and controls the lateral bending mechanism 6 and the transverse bending mechanism 7 to work together according to the preset bending process parameters.

[0073] Furthermore, the human-machine interface of the central control system 10 adopts a 10-inch touch screen, which supports graphical bending process parameter setting, real-time status monitoring and fault alarm display; the built-in bending deformation database covers the bending springback coefficient and deformation law of common metal plates (such as cold-rolled steel plates, aluminum plates and stainless steel plates), and can automatically correct the bending angle according to the plate thickness and material to ensure the accuracy of finished products.

[0074] When the equipment is running, the central control system 10 coordinates the synchronous operation of each device: first, the plate is accurately clamped by visual positioning, the hydraulic system 3 drives the slider 2 to descend to the initial position, the clamping component of the lateral bending mechanism 6 clamps the edge of the plate, and then the upper die 71 of the transverse bending mechanism 7 and the side pressure plate 64 of the lateral bending mechanism 6 work together to bend multiple sides of the plate at the same time; during this process, the deflection compensation device 4 dynamically adjusts the flatness of the worktable 11 in real time to effectively avoid cumulative errors and finally realize the one-time forming of multi-sided plates.

[0075] The bending method based on the above-mentioned multi-sided synchronous bending machine includes the following steps:

[0076] S1. Sheet material loading and reference positioning: The sheet material to be processed is placed on the multi-directional positioning reference table 51. The central control system 10 starts the vision positioning system 53, which collects the edge contour and feature point information of the sheet material through cameras at four angles. The PLC controller analyzes and calculates the actual position coordinates of the sheet material and compares them with the preset reference coordinates. If there is a deviation, the central control system 10 drives the three-axis fine adjustment mechanism 54 to move the multi-directional positioning reference table 51 along the X-axis and Y-axis and fine adjust it along the Z-axis until the positioning reference of the sheet material coincides with the processing reference of the equipment.

[0077] S2. Clamping and fixing of the plate: After positioning is completed, the central control system 10 controls the clamping and positioning mechanism 52 to move. The drive motor 93 drives the mounting frame 521 to move along the crossbeam frame 12 to the area above the plate to be clamped through the lead screw transmission assembly 9. Then the piston rod of the clamping cylinder 524 extends and pushes the clamping upper plate 523 and the clamping pad 522 to move downward, so as to tightly press the plate onto the multi-directional positioning reference platform 51.

[0078] S3. Presetting bending parameters and preparing for deflection compensation: The operator inputs the process parameters of the sheet material, thickness, bending angle and number of bending edges through the human-machine interface of the central control system 10. The PLC controller calls the built-in bending database according to the parameters to generate the action sequence of the lateral bending mechanism 6 and the transverse bending mechanism 7. At the same time, the displacement sensor 41 monitors the surface flatness data of the worktable 11 in the initial state in real time and feeds the signal back to the PLC controller. The servo compensation component 42 enters the ready-to-start state.

[0079] S4. Multi-sided synchronous bending execution: The central control system 10 controls the hydraulic system 3 to drive the slider 2 to move the upper die 71 of the transverse bending mechanism 7 downward. Before the lower die 72 contacts the sheet metal, the pre-tensioning slide plate 81 of the elastic pre-tensioning device 8 first makes flexible contact with the surface of the sheet metal under the action of the guide sleeve 82, and eliminates the gap between the sheet metal and the die through the pre-tensioning force. Subsequently, the upper die 71 and the lower die 72 of the transverse bending mechanism 7 cooperate to bend the transverse side of the sheet metal. After the transverse bending is completed, the flipping motor 62 of the lateral bending mechanism 6 drives the flipping part 63 to flip the side pressure plate 64, thereby completing the bending of each side of the sheet metal.

[0080] S5. Bending accuracy detection and adjustment: After the bending action is completed, the vision positioning system 53 will again collect images and detect the bending angle and bending size of the board. If the detection result exceeds the preset tolerance range, the central control system 10 will automatically adjust the flipping angle of the lateral bending mechanism 6 or the downward stroke of the transverse bending mechanism 7, and re-execute the local bending correction until all bending edges meet the process requirements.

[0081] S6. Material feeding and cycle operation: After the sheet metal is bent to the qualified condition, the piston rod of the clamping cylinder 524 of the clamping and positioning mechanism 52 retracts, releasing the sheet metal. The operator or the automatic feeding device removes the formed sheet metal from the multi-directional positioning reference table 51. The central control system 10 automatically resets each actuator to the initial position, waiting for the next sheet metal to be fed, and enters the next bending cycle.

[0082] As can be seen from the above specific embodiments, the present invention effectively solves the problem of the deflection deformation of the worktable 11 and slider 2 of the traditional bending machine affecting the processing accuracy through the real-time dynamic compensation of the deflection compensation device 4; the positioning auxiliary device 5 combines visual positioning and three-axis fine adjustment to realize high-precision and rapid positioning of the sheet metal; the lateral and transverse bending mechanisms of the multi-sided synchronous bending device work together to meet the needs of complex multi-sided bending, and significantly improve the processing capacity and production efficiency of the equipment.

[0083] The embodiments described in this specific implementation are preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Identical components are represented by the same reference numerals. Therefore, all equivalent changes made to the structure, shape, and principle of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A multi-sided synchronous bending machine, comprising a frame, a slider slidably connected to the frame, a hydraulic system mounted on the top of the frame for driving the slider to rise and fall, and a worktable fixedly connected to the bottom of the frame; characterized in that, Also includes: A deflection compensation device is used to compensate for the deflection deformation of a worktable caused by force during bending. The deflection compensation device includes multiple displacement sensors evenly arranged on the upper surface of the worktable and a servo compensation component embedded in the worktable. The displacement sensors are embedded and fixedly connected to the worktable, and the displacement sensors are electrically connected to the servo compensation component. The servo compensation component applies an upward pushing force to the worktable by hydraulic or mechanical means to make the worktable produce a pre-deformation opposite to the deflection direction. A positioning auxiliary device is used for multi-directional reference positioning and clamping of sheet metal. The positioning auxiliary device includes a multi-directional positioning reference platform, a clamping positioning mechanism, and a vision positioning system. The multi-directional positioning reference platform is located inside the frame and is set at the same height as the worktable. A three-axis fine-tuning mechanism that moves along the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis is slidably connected to the bottom of the multi-directional positioning reference platform. The clamping positioning mechanism is symmetrically distributed above the multi-directional positioning reference platform and is connected to the multi-directional positioning reference platform. The vision positioning system includes multiple cameras, which are respectively installed at four angles (front, back, left, and right) above the multi-directional positioning reference platform. A multi-sided synchronous bending device is used to achieve simultaneous bending of multiple sides of a sheet metal. The device includes two sets of lateral bending mechanisms symmetrically arranged on both sides of a multi-directional positioning reference platform, and two sets of transverse bending mechanisms arranged on the front and rear sides of a worktable. The lateral bending mechanisms and transverse bending mechanisms are perpendicularly arranged to form a parallelogram structure. The lateral bending mechanisms are detachably connected to the multi-directional positioning reference platform. The transverse bending mechanisms are fixedly connected to the slider and the worktable, respectively. Through the coordinated action of the transverse bending mechanisms and the lateral bending mechanisms, multi-sided synchronous bending of the sheet metal is achieved. The transverse bending mechanism includes a bending die and a hydraulic locking assembly. The bending die consists of an upper die and a lower die. One end of the upper die is fixed to the bottom of the slider by the hydraulic locking assembly. The lower die is detachably connected to the worktable by a T-bolt or quick clamp. A bending groove is provided on the top of the lower die. The bending groove has a V-shaped or U-shaped cross-section. The hydraulic locking assembly includes a locking cylinder and a wedge-shaped locking block. The cylinder body of the locking cylinder is fixed to the bottom of the slider, and the piston rod end of the locking cylinder is fixedly connected to the wedge-shaped locking block. The top of the upper mold is provided with a wedge-shaped groove that matches the wedge-shaped locking block.

2. The multi-sided synchronous bending machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lateral bending mechanism includes a motor mounting base, a flipping motor, a flipping component, and a side pressure plate. The flipping motor is fixed on a multi-directional positioning reference platform via the motor mounting base, and the output end of the flipping motor is connected to the flipping component for transmission. The flipping component is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the side pressure plate and is detachably connected to the side pressure plate.

3. The multi-sided synchronous bending machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The clamping and positioning mechanism includes a mounting frame, a clamping pad, a clamping upper plate, and a clamping cylinder. A crossbeam is connected between the mounting frame and the two side walls of the machine frame. The crossbeam is arranged along the length of the machine frame, and a screw drive assembly is connected between the crossbeam and the mounting frame. The clamping cylinder is fixedly connected to the top of the mounting frame, and the output end of the clamping cylinder is drively connected to the clamping upper plate. The clamping upper plate is fixedly arranged on the top of the clamping pad, and a bidirectional guide rod is provided between the clamping upper plate and the mounting frame.

4. The multi-sided synchronous bending machine according to claim 3, characterized in that, The lead screw transmission assembly includes a lead screw seat, a guide rail, and a drive motor. The lead screw seat is slidably connected to the crossbeam frame, and the guide rail is fixedly connected to the top of the crossbeam frame and slidably connected to the clamping and positioning mechanism. The drive motor is fixed to the frame, and the output end of the drive motor is connected to the lead screw seat for transmission.

5. The multi-sided synchronous bending machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The servo compensation component includes a servo motor, a ball screw, and a compensation push rod. The servo motor is connected to the compensation push rod via the ball screw, and the top of the compensation push rod abuts against the worktable panel.

6. The multi-sided synchronous bending machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner side of the slider is also provided with an elastic pre-tightening device, which includes a pre-tightening slide plate and a guide sleeve. The pre-tightening slide plate is connected to the inner wall of the slider through the guide sleeve, and the extension and retraction direction of the pre-tightening slide plate is consistent with the lifting and lowering direction of the slider.

7. The multi-sided synchronous bending machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The frame is also equipped with a central control system, which is electrically connected to the hydraulic system, deflection compensation device, positioning auxiliary device and multi-sided synchronous bending device. The central control system has a built-in PLC controller and human-machine interface. The PLC controller receives feedback signals from displacement sensors and visual positioning system, and controls the lateral bending mechanism and transverse bending mechanism to work together according to preset bending process parameters.

8. A bending method based on the multi-sided synchronous bending machine according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Board feeding and reference positioning: The board to be processed is placed on the multi-directional positioning reference platform. The central control system starts the vision positioning system and collects the edge contour and feature point information of the board through cameras at four angles. The PLC controller analyzes and calculates the actual position coordinates of the board and compares them with the preset reference coordinates. If there is a deviation, the central control system drives the three-axis fine-tuning mechanism to move the multi-directional positioning reference table along the X-axis and Y-axis and fine-tune it along the Z-axis until the positioning reference of the plate coincides with the processing reference of the equipment. S2. Plate clamping and fixing: After positioning is completed, the central control system controls the action of the clamping and positioning mechanism. The drive motor drives the mounting frame to move along the crossbeam frame to the area above the plate to be clamped through the screw transmission assembly. Then the piston rod of the clamping cylinder extends and pushes the clamping upper plate and clamping pad to move downward, pressing the plate tightly onto the multi-directional positioning reference platform. S3. Presetting bending parameters and preparing for deflection compensation: The operator inputs the process parameters of sheet material, thickness, bending angle and number of bending edges through the human-machine interface of the central control system. The PLC controller calls the built-in bending database according to the parameters to generate the action sequence of the lateral bending mechanism and the transverse bending mechanism. At the same time, the displacement sensor monitors the surface flatness data of the worktable in the initial state in real time and feeds the signal back to the PLC controller, and the servo compensation component enters the ready-to-start state. S4. Multi-sided synchronous bending execution: The central control system controls the hydraulic system to drive the slider to move the upper die of the transverse bending mechanism downward. Before the lower die contacts the sheet metal, the pre-tensioning slide of the elastic pre-tensioning device first makes flexible contact with the surface of the sheet metal under the action of the guide sleeve, and eliminates the gap between the sheet metal and the die through the pre-tensioning force. Subsequently, the upper and lower dies of the transverse bending mechanism cooperate to bend the transverse side of the sheet metal. After the transverse bending is completed, the flipping motor of the lateral bending mechanism drives the flipping component to flip the side pressure plate, thereby completing the bending of each side of the sheet metal. S5. Bending accuracy detection and adjustment: After the bending action is completed, the vision positioning system will again collect images and detect the bending angle and bending size of the board. If the detection result exceeds the preset tolerance range, the central control system will automatically adjust the flipping angle of the lateral bending mechanism or the downward stroke of the transverse bending mechanism, and re-execute the local bending correction until all bending edges meet the process requirements. S6. Material feeding and cycle operation: After the sheet metal is bent to the qualified condition, the piston rod of the clamping cylinder of the clamping and positioning mechanism retracts, releasing the sheet metal. The operator or the automatic feeding device removes the formed sheet metal from the multi-directional positioning reference table. The central control system automatically resets each actuator to the initial position, waiting for the next sheet metal to be fed, and enters the next bending cycle.

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