Crankshaft full-automatic drilling machining equipment

Abstract

The invention provides crankshaft full-automatic drilling machining equipment which comprises an equipment base plate, a machine box assembly is installed on the top face of the equipment base plate, an air blowing assembly is installed on the upper portion of an inner cavity of the machine box assembly, and a clamping positioning assembly is installed on the lower portion of the inner cavity of the machine box assembly. A transmission shaft drilling unit, a side oil hole drilling unit and an end oil hole drilling unit are installed on the inner wall of the machine box assembly. The clamping and positioning assembly comprises long supporting rods, a first clamping and positioning part and a second clamping and positioning part, the long supporting rods are symmetrically and fixedly connected to the lower portion of the inner cavity of the machine box, a positioning plate is fixedly connected to the top faces of the long supporting rods, a T-shaped block is fixedly connected to one end of the top face of the positioning plate, and an oil passing shaft positioning groove is formed in the middle of the top face of the T-shaped block. According to the crankshaft drilling machine, through mutual cooperation of the machine box assembly, the air blowing assembly, the clamping and positioning assembly, the transmission shaft drilling unit, the side oil hole drilling unit, the end oil hole drilling unit and the feeding and discharging assembly, crankshaft drilling machining can be achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of crankshaft drilling technology, and more specifically to a fully automatic crankshaft drilling equipment. Background Technology

[0002] In existing crankshaft drilling processes, the following process is commonly used: First, the operator manually loads the crankshaft workpiece to be processed into the machine tool processing area; then, the crankshaft is positioned and clamped by a special fixture on the machine tool; after it is firmly clamped, the drilling spindle of the machine tool is started to perform drilling operations on the crankshaft. However, this traditional processing method has the following drawbacks: Because the entire loading and unloading process relies heavily on manual operation, this not only increases the labor intensity of operators, but also introduces a lot of non-processing time each time the workpiece is clamped and unloaded, resulting in low equipment utilization, difficulty in improving overall production efficiency, and inability to meet the needs of modern large-scale production. Traditional crankshaft drilling machines typically have only a single drilling spindle. When multiple holes need to be machined at different axial positions or angles on the crankshaft, the machine must be stopped after machining one hole, and the spatial position and angle of the crankshaft must be readjusted manually or through a complex indexing mechanism before machining the next hole. This frequent workpiece position adjustment, repeated positioning and clamping process not only greatly extends the total machining time for a single workpiece, but also introduces cumulative errors due to multiple positioning, which adversely affects the relative positional accuracy between multiple holes. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a fully automatic crankshaft drilling equipment, which solves the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: An automated crankshaft drilling machine includes a base plate, a chassis assembly, a clamping and positioning assembly, and a drilling unit. The chassis assembly is mounted on the top surface of the base plate. The clamping and positioning assembly is installed in the lower part of the chassis assembly's inner cavity to lock the target crankshaft assembly laterally, facing, and downward. The drilling unit is mounted on the inner wall of the chassis assembly. The clamping and positioning assembly includes a support rod, a positioning plate, a T-block, a support plate, an auxiliary block, and a height adjustment block. The support rod is symmetrically and fixedly connected within the chassis. Below the cavity; the positioning plate is fixedly connected to the top surface of the support rod; the T-shaped block is fixedly connected to one end of the top surface of the positioning plate, and an oil-carrying shaft positioning groove is provided in the middle of its top surface; the support plate is fixedly connected to the top surface of the positioning plate, and an eccentric groove is provided in the middle of its top surface; the auxiliary block is fixedly connected to the top surface of the positioning plate and located on one side of the support plate, and a U-shaped groove is provided in the middle of its top surface, with an auxiliary hole provided on one side of the U-shaped groove; the height adjustment block is fixedly connected to the top surface of the auxiliary block and the end away from the auxiliary hole, with an auxiliary pressing hole provided on one side of its side.

[0005] This invention provides a fully automatic crankshaft drilling machine. Compared with the prior art, it has the following advantages: This invention integrates a "loading and unloading assembly + clamping and positioning assembly + three drilling assemblies" to achieve full automation of crankshaft machining from loading and unloading to drilling, eliminating the need for manual intervention and improving machining efficiency. Specifically, the T-block, support plate, and auxiliary block of the clamping and positioning assembly are respectively adapted to the crankshaft's oil feed shaft, eccentric block, and drive shaft, achieving precise multi-point positioning of the crankshaft and providing a structural foundation for subsequent drilling accuracy. By using the air blowing assembly in conjunction with the chassis assembly, a debris removal channel can be reserved in advance to prevent debris from affecting the processing. At the same time, the air blowing assembly can also cool down the high temperature generated by the drill rod during drilling. Meanwhile, by cooperating with the drive shaft drilling unit, the side oil hole drilling unit, and the end oil hole drilling unit, crankshaft drilling can be achieved. By using the loading and unloading assembly in conjunction with external equipment, the crankshaft to be processed can be automatically transported into the clamping and positioning assembly, and then the processed crankshaft assembly can be removed from the clamping and positioning assembly. Attached Figure Description

[0006] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0007] Figure 1 An overall schematic diagram of the present invention is shown; Figure 2 A partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of the chassis assembly of the present invention is shown; Figure 3 This diagram shows a partial view of the overall invention. Figure 4 A partial schematic diagram of the overall invention is shown; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the clamping and positioning component of the present invention is shown; Figure 6 A partial schematic diagram of the clamping and positioning assembly of this invention is shown; Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the first clamping and positioning component and the second clamping and positioning component of the present invention is shown; Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the loading and unloading assembly of the present invention is shown; Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the clamping and positioning component of the present invention is shown; Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the drive shaft drilling unit of the present invention is shown; Figure 11 A schematic diagram of the crankshaft assembly of the present invention is shown; Figure 12 This diagram shows another perspective view of the crankshaft assembly of the present invention.

[0008] As shown in the figure: 100. Equipment substrate; 200. Chassis assembly; 201. Chassis; 202. Flow deflector; 203. Discharge port; 204. Gathering hopper; 205. Suction pipe; 300. Air blowing assembly; 301. Blower; 302. Main air duct; 303. Three-way valve; 304. Diverter pipe; 305. Angled nozzle; 400. Clamping and positioning assembly; 401. Support rod; 402. Positioning plate; 403. T-block; 404. Oil-carrying shaft positioning groove; 405. Support plate; 406. Eccentric groove; 407. Auxiliary block; 408. U-shaped groove; 409. Auxiliary hole; 410. Height adjustment block; 411. Auxiliary pressing hole; 412. Side clamping pneumatic cylinder; 413. Eccentric block side clamping block; 414. Side arc-shaped clamping groove; 415. Drive shaft pressing rod; 416. Opposing clamping pneumatic cylinder; 417. Eccentric block opposing clamping block; 418. Opposing arc-shaped clamping groove; 419. Oil-carrying shaft pressing rod; 500. Drive shaft drilling unit; 501. Forward extension rail; 502. Forward extension motor; 503. Forward extension screw; 504. Forward extension block; 505. L-shaped plate; 506. Drilling motor; 507. Drill rod; 600, Side Oil Hole Drilling Unit; 700, End oil hole drilling unit; 800. Loading / unloading assembly; 801. Support column; 802. Translation track; 803. Translation motor; 804. Translation threaded rod; 805. Translation block; 806. Lifting hydraulic rod; 807. Opposing track; 808. Bidirectional threaded rod; 809. Gripper; 810. Opposing clamping motor; 811. Lowering block; 812. Arc groove; 900, Crankshaft assembly; 901, Eccentric block; 902, Drive shaft; 903, Drive shaft oil hole; 904, Oil feed shaft; 905, Spiral oil groove; 906, Oil feed shaft side oil hole; 907, Through oil hole. Detailed Implementation

[0009] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0010] The technical concept and principle of this invention are to solve the problems of low efficiency of manual loading and unloading, difficulty in ensuring positioning accuracy in multi-station machining, and the impact of machining debris on accuracy and heat dissipation of equipment in existing crankshaft drilling processes.

[0011] Combination Figures 1-2 As shown, the present invention provides a fully automatic crankshaft drilling equipment, the purpose of which is to achieve full automation of the entire process from automatic material handling, precise positioning, multi-hole processing to debris cleaning by integrating the loading and unloading assembly 800, the clamping and positioning assembly 400, the drive shaft drilling unit 500, the side oil hole drilling unit 600, and the end oil hole drilling unit 700.

[0012] Specifically, such as Figure 9 , Figure 3As shown, the crankshaft assembly 900 is first automatically transferred to the clamping and positioning assembly 400 by the loading and unloading assembly 800. The oil channel 904, eccentric groove 406 of the support plate 405, and U-shaped groove 408 of the auxiliary block 407 are used to precisely position the crankshaft's oil channel 904, eccentric block 901, and drive shaft 902 at multiple points. Then, the crankshaft is clamped and fixed by the lateral clamping pneumatic cylinder 412 of the first clamping and positioning component and the opposing clamping pneumatic cylinder 416 of the second clamping and positioning component. Subsequently, the drive shaft drilling unit 500, the side oil hole drilling unit 600, and the end oil hole drilling unit 700 are used. The crankshaft is drilled by the joint components 00; at the same time, the blower 301 of the air blowing assembly 300 blows air to the processing area through the main air pipe 302, three-way valve 303, diverter pipe 304 and inclined nozzle 305, which not only cools the drill rod 507, but also blows the generated debris into the machine housing assembly 200. The debris is guided by the guide plate 202 and falls into the material hopper 204 through the discharge port 203, and is finally automatically recovered by the suction pipe 205. After the processing is completed, the loading and unloading assembly 800 removes the crankshaft, thus completing the entire processing process without manual intervention, effectively improving processing efficiency, positioning accuracy and process stability.

[0013] As an embodiment of the present invention, in specific implementation, the proposed fully automatic drilling equipment includes a base plate 100. A housing assembly 200 is mounted on the top surface of the base plate 100. A blowing assembly 300 is mounted on the upper part of the inner cavity of the housing assembly 200, and a clamping and positioning assembly 400 is mounted on the lower part of the inner cavity of the housing assembly 200. A drive shaft drilling unit 500, a side oil hole drilling unit 600, and an end oil hole drilling unit 700 are respectively mounted on the inner wall of the housing assembly 200. Simultaneously, a loading and unloading assembly 800 is mounted on the top surface of the base plate 100 and on one side of the housing assembly 200, and the loading and unloading assembly 800 clamps and holds a crankshaft assembly 900.

[0014] In the embodiments of the present invention, since a large amount of metal debris is generated during the drilling process of the crankshaft, in practical applications, if a large amount of debris accumulates inside the equipment, it will interfere with precise positioning, affect the processing accuracy, and may damage the equipment.

[0015] Based on this, such as Figure 2 As shown, the chassis assembly 200 proposed in this invention includes a chassis 201, a guide plate 202, a discharge port 203, a material collection hopper 204, and a suction pipe 205. The purpose is to guide debris to the discharge port 203 via the internal guide plate 202, collect it centrally using the material collection hopper 204, and finally achieve continuous suction and recovery of debris through the suction pipe 205 of an external negative pressure dust removal device, thus maintaining the cleanliness of the processing area.

[0016] In practical implementation, the main outer shell and sealed cavity of the equipment are formed by the chassis 201. An inclined guide plate 202 is fixedly connected to the lower part of the inner cavity wall to guide the directional flow of the debris generated by drilling. A discharge port 203 is opened on the bottom surface of the chassis 201, in front of the lower end of the guide plate 202, to serve as a channel for debris discharge. At the same time, directly below the discharge port 203, a hopper 204 is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the chassis 201 to receive and collect the falling debris. A suction pipe 205 is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the hopper 204. The external dust removal equipment continuously sucks away the debris accumulated in the hopper 204 through the suction force generated by the suction pipe 205, thereby realizing continuous recycling and cleaning of debris, keeping the inside of the chassis and the clamping and positioning components 400 clean, and avoiding the interference of debris accumulation on processing accuracy and equipment operation.

[0017] In embodiments of the present invention, the high temperatures and flying debris generated during drilling directly affect the lifespan of the drill rod, machining accuracy, and equipment cleanliness. Therefore, the proposed blower assembly 300 aims to improve cleaning efficiency and ensure the stability of the machining process by cooperating with the collection structure of the chassis assembly 200.

[0018] like Figure 4 , Figure 3 As shown, in a specific implementation, the blower assembly 300 includes a blower 301, a main air duct 302, a three-way valve 303, a distributor duct 304, and an angled nozzle 305. The blower 301 is fixedly connected to the top surface of the housing 201, and the main air duct 302 is fixedly connected to the air outlet end; one end of the main air duct 302 is distributed to the airflow through the three-way valve 303.

[0019] Furthermore, multiple air outlets of the three-way valve 303 are respectively fixedly connected to diversion pipes 304 to achieve directional airflow to different processing stations; the ends of the diversion pipes 304 are connected to inclined nozzles 305, which are symmetrically and angle-adjustably fixedly connected to the inner wall of the casing 201, such as... Figure 10 As shown, its purpose is to precisely guide the airflow to the contact area between the drill rod 507 of each drilling unit and the workpiece.

[0020] Understandably, during operation, the airflow generated by the blower 301 is transported through the main air duct 302, distributed to each branch pipe 304 by the three-way valve 303, and finally sprayed out from the inclined nozzle 305. This directional airflow first blows towards the high-temperature drill rod, which plays a role in forced air cooling to reduce the high temperature generated during drilling. At the same time, the airflow instantly blows the newly generated debris near the drill rod away from the workpiece surface and positioning area, effectively preventing the debris from sticking and accumulating. The blown debris is carried by the airflow and its own gravity to the guide plate 202 on the lower part of the inner wall of the machine housing 201, and then enters the collection system composed of the discharge port 203, the hopper 204 and the suction pipe 205, thereby achieving cooling, immediate cleaning and recycling.

[0021] In the embodiments of the present invention, since the oil feed shaft 904, eccentric block 901 and transmission shaft 902 of the crankshaft assembly 900 need to achieve multi-point precise positioning and stable clamping during drilling, in order to ensure the processing accuracy of the subsequent drilling unit and prevent workpiece displacement.

[0022] Based on this, such as Figure 6 As shown, the clamping and positioning assembly 400 proposed in this invention includes a support rod 401, a first clamping and positioning component, and a second clamping and positioning component, the purpose of which is to provide a stable mounting reference and comprehensive constraints for the crankshaft.

[0023] In specific implementation, the two ends of the support rod 401 are symmetrically fixedly connected to the lower part of the inner cavity of the chassis 201 to form a stable support foundation and installation reference; the top surface of the support rod 401 is fixedly connected to the positioning plate 402; one end of the top surface of the positioning plate 402 is fixedly connected to the T-block 403, and the top surface of the T-block 403 is provided with an oil shaft positioning groove 404 for positioning the oil shaft 904 of the crankshaft; the top surface of the positioning plate 402 is fixedly connected to the support plate 405, and the top surface of the support plate 405 is provided with an eccentric groove 406 to fit and support the eccentric block 901 of the crankshaft.

[0024] Furthermore, to complete the positioning constraint of the crankshaft assembly 900 and prevent its axial movement, an auxiliary block 407 is fixedly connected to the top surface of the positioning plate 402 and to one side of the support plate 405. A U-shaped groove 408 is provided in the middle of the top surface of the auxiliary block 407 to support the drive shaft 902 of the crankshaft, thereby limiting its radial displacement. This, together with the oil flow shaft positioning groove 404 and the eccentric groove 406, forms a three-point positioning system, providing a stable reference for subsequent drilling.

[0025] Furthermore, an auxiliary hole 409 is provided on one side of the auxiliary block 407, which allows other components to pass through or serves as an observation hole. A height adjustment block 410 is fixedly connected to the top surface of the auxiliary block 407 and the end away from the auxiliary hole 409. An auxiliary pressing hole 411 is provided on one side of the height adjustment block 410 to guide and cooperate with the pressing action of the first clamping and positioning component.

[0026] Furthermore, the inner wall of the chassis assembly 200 is respectively equipped with a first clamping and positioning component and a second clamping and positioning component, thereby realizing the final clamping and fixing of the crankshaft that has been initially positioned laterally and in opposite directions.

[0027] In the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the purpose of the first and second clamping and positioning components is to achieve omnidirectional stable fixation of the crankshaft assembly 900 after positioning by applying a combined lateral and opposing clamping force to the eccentric block 901 of the crankshaft, and by using the drive shaft pressing rod 415 and the oil conveyor shaft pressing rod 419 to press down the drive shaft 902 and the oil conveyor shaft 904 respectively, thus preventing horizontal displacement, deflection, or upward dislodgement during drilling. This solves the problem of poor positioning stability and difficulty in guaranteeing machining accuracy caused by a single or insufficient clamping force in existing crankshaft drilling processes, providing clamping for subsequent multi-position high-precision drilling.

[0028] In specific implementation, such as Figure 5 , Figure 7 As shown, the first clamping and positioning component includes a lateral clamping pneumatic cylinder 412, an eccentric block lateral clamping block 413, and a drive shaft pressing rod 415. The output end of the lateral clamping pneumatic cylinder 412 is fixedly connected to the eccentric block lateral clamping block 413 to provide driving power. One side of the eccentric block lateral clamping block 413 is provided with a lateral arc-shaped clamping groove 414 to conform to the arc surface of the crankshaft eccentric block 901, while the other side is fixedly connected to the drive shaft pressing rod 415.

[0029] During operation, the lateral clamping pneumatic cylinder 412 drives the eccentric block lateral clamping block 413 to move towards the crankshaft. The eccentric block 901 is gripped from the side by the lateral arc-shaped clamping groove 414, effectively preventing its horizontal displacement. At the same time, the transmission shaft pressing rod 415 fixed on the clamping block moves accordingly. Its end passes through the auxiliary pressing hole 411 on the height adjustment block 410 and directly presses down on the transmission shaft 902 located in the U-shaped groove 408 of the auxiliary block 407, thereby preventing the transmission shaft from coming out upward during the drilling process. This achieves the constraint of the vertical degree of freedom of the crankshaft and, together with the lateral clamping, improves the overall stability of the positioning.

[0030] In an embodiment of the present invention, the second clamping and positioning component includes a counter-clamping pneumatic cylinder 416, an eccentric block counter-clamping block 417, and an oil-carrying shaft downward pressing rod 419. The output end of the counter-clamping pneumatic cylinder 416 is fixedly connected to the eccentric block counter-clamping block 417, providing driving power in the same way. One side of the eccentric block counter-clamping block 417 is provided with a counter-arc-shaped clamping groove 418, the purpose of which is to cooperate with the first clamping and positioning component to fit against the arc surface of the crankshaft eccentric block 901 from another angle opposite to the first clamping and positioning component. The other side of the eccentric block counter-clamping block 417 is fixedly connected to the oil-carrying shaft downward pressing rod 419.

[0031] During operation, the opposing clamping pneumatic cylinder 416 drives the opposing clamping block 417 of the eccentric block to move towards the crankshaft. The opposing arc-shaped clamping groove 418 presses the eccentric block 901 from the opposing side, forming a bidirectional clamping force together with the lateral clamping force of the first clamping and positioning component. This effectively prevents the eccentric block from deflecting or shaking. At the same time, the oil shaft pressing rod 419 fixed on the opposing clamping block 417 of the eccentric block moves accordingly. Its end covers and presses down the oil shaft 904 located in the oil shaft positioning groove 404 of the T-block 403, thereby preventing the oil shaft from coming out of the positioning groove during drilling. This locks the key force points of the crankshaft, further ensuring the stability of the entire machining system.

[0032] In embodiments of the present invention, traditional manual loading and unloading methods are inefficient and have difficulty in guaranteeing positioning accuracy. Therefore, the present invention proposes a loading and unloading assembly 800 to transfer the crankshaft assembly 900 between the material handling position and the processing position (i.e., above the clamping and positioning assembly 400), ensuring that the crankshaft can be safely and accurately placed in the processing position with a stable posture.

[0033] In specific implementation, the loading and unloading assembly 800 includes a support column 801, a translation track 802, a translation motor 803, a translation threaded rod 804, a translation block 805, a lifting hydraulic rod 806, and a clamping and positioning component installed at its output end.

[0034] Specifically, the support column 801 is fixedly connected to the top surface of the equipment base plate 100, and the translation rail 802 is fixedly connected to one side of the support column 801; the translation motor 803 is fixedly connected to one end of the translation rail 802, and its output end is fixedly connected to the translation threaded rod 804 to provide horizontal driving force; the translation threaded rod 804 is rotatably connected to the inside of the translation rail 802 to convert rotational motion into linear motion; the translation block 805 is threadedly connected to the surface of the translation threaded rod 804 to achieve stable horizontal sliding along the translation rail 802 when the threaded rod rotates; the cylinder of the lifting hydraulic rod 806 is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the translation block 805 to provide vertical driving force, drive the clamping and positioning components to move up and down, realize the "descending material picking" and "descending material unloading" of the crankshaft, accurately connect the picking and processing positions, and avoid the crankshaft colliding with the equipment during the transfer process.

[0035] Furthermore, a clamping and positioning component is installed at the output end of the lifting hydraulic rod 806 for directly gripping and releasing the crankshaft assembly 900.

[0036] Based on the above technical concept, it is understandable that, as Figure 8As shown, when material needs to be picked up, the translation motor 803 drives the translation threaded rod 804 to rotate, which in turn moves the translation block 805 and the entire lifting and clamping mechanism below it horizontally to the picking position. Then, the lifting hydraulic rod 806 extends, drives the clamping and positioning component to descend and grab the crankshaft. After grabbing, the lifting hydraulic rod 806 retracts to lift the workpiece, and the translation motor 803 moves horizontally above the processing position. Finally, the lifting hydraulic rod 806 extends again to accurately place the crankshaft and position it in the corresponding slot of the clamping and positioning component 400, realizing the automatic, smooth and precise transfer of the crankshaft between workstations and avoiding the risks caused by manual handling.

[0037] In embodiments of the present invention, to ensure accurate and stable gripping of the crankshaft assembly 900 during transport and placement at the processing position, such as... Figure 9 As shown, the proposed clamping and positioning component includes an opposing rail 807, a bidirectional threaded rod 808, a gripper 809, an opposing clamping motor 810, and a lowering block 811.

[0038] In specific implementation, the opposing rail 807 is fixedly connected to the output end of the lifting hydraulic rod 806, the opposing clamping motor 810 is fixedly connected to one end of the opposing rail 807, and its output end is fixedly connected to the bidirectional threaded rod 808 to provide the driving force for the clamping action. The bidirectional threaded rod 808 is rotatably connected to the inside of the opposing rail 807, and two sets of grippers 809 are symmetrically threaded on its surface, thereby converting the rotational motion of the motor into the precise opposing linear motion of the grippers. The lower pressure block 811 is fixedly connected to one side of the opposing rail 807, and its bottom surface is provided with an arc groove 812 that matches the arc surface of the crankshaft eccentric block 901.

[0039] The working principle of the clamping and positioning component is as follows: When gripping the crankshaft, the lifting mechanism drives the component to descend, causing the arc-shaped groove 812 of the lower pressure block 811 to first contact and adhere to the upper surface of the eccentric block 901, thus axially limiting the crankshaft from above and preventing it from rolling around the axial direction. Subsequently, the opposing clamping motor 810 starts, driving the bidirectional threaded rod 808 to rotate, which in turn drives the two sets of grippers 809 to move synchronously towards each other along the opposing track 807 until they tightly clamp the oil feed shaft 904 of the crankshaft, achieving radial fixation of the crankshaft. Thus, the "upper pressure and lower clamping" method ensures that the crankshaft maintains a preset stable posture throughout the entire process of horizontal movement and lifting and transport, until it is accurately released into the corresponding slot of the clamping and positioning component 400.

[0040] In embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 11 , Figure 12As shown, the crankshaft assembly 900 includes an eccentric block 901. A drive shaft 902 is fixedly connected to one side of the eccentric block 901. The surface of the drive shaft 902 is provided with a drive shaft oil hole 903. An oil conveying shaft 904 is fixedly connected to the other side of the eccentric block 901. The surface of the oil conveying shaft 904 is provided with a spiral oil groove 905. An oil conveying shaft side oil hole 906 is provided on the surface of the oil conveying shaft 904 at one end of the spiral oil groove 905. A through oil hole 907 is provided at one end of the oil conveying shaft 904. It can be understood that the spiral oil groove of the oil conveying shaft and the positional distribution of each hole provide a basis for the subsequent machining path of the drilling assembly and the slot design of the clamping and positioning assembly, ensuring precise matching between the equipment and the workpiece.

[0041] In the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that after the crankshaft is clamped and fixed by the lateral clamping pneumatic cylinder 412 of the first clamping and positioning component and the opposing clamping pneumatic cylinder 416 of the second clamping and positioning component, the crankshaft still needs to be drilled by the drive shaft drilling unit 500, the side oil hole drilling unit 600, and the end oil hole drilling unit 700. The side oil hole drilling unit 600 and the end oil hole drilling unit 700 adopt the same structure as the drive shaft drilling unit 500.

[0042] In specific implementation, such as Figure 10 As shown, the proposed drive shaft drilling unit 500 includes a forward extension track 501, a forward extension motor 502, a forward extension screw 503, a forward extension block 504, and a drilling component mounted on the bottom surface of the forward extension block 504. The forward extension track 501 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the housing 201. The forward extension motor 502 is fixedly connected to one end of the forward extension track 501, and its output shaft end is fixedly connected to the forward extension screw 503. The forward extension screw 503 is rotatably connected to the inside of the forward extension track 501. The forward extension block 504 is threaded to the surface of the forward extension screw 503 and can move precisely linearly along the forward extension track 501 under the drive of the screw. The drilling component is mounted on the bottom surface of the forward extension block 504.

[0043] Based on the above technical concept, it can be understood that when the forward extension motor 502 drives the forward extension screw 503 to rotate, it will drive the forward extension block 504 and the entire drilling component to move smoothly along the track. This can achieve precise and programmable control of the drilling feed speed and feed amount, ensuring that the drill rod can accurately reach the preset hole position (such as the oil hole 903 of the drive shaft) on the crankshaft drive shaft 902. At the same time, the rigid transmission structure of the track and screw effectively avoids radial swaying or wobble of the drilling component during the feeding process, providing structural support for obtaining high roundness and low burr drilling quality.

[0044] Furthermore, in this embodiment, as Figure 10As shown, the drilling component includes an L-shaped plate 505, a drilling motor 506, and a drill rod 507. In specific implementation, the L-shaped plate 505 is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the extension block 504, and the drilling motor 506 is fixedly connected to one side of the L-shaped plate 505. Its output shaft is connected to the drill rod 507 via a transmission pair consisting of a worm gear and a worm wheel, ensuring that the drill rod 507 achieves uniform and stable rotational motion. The drill rod 507 is installed in the internal space of the L-shaped plate 505 and rotates. Thus, through the above design, the power output of the drilling motor 506 is stable, effectively avoiding problems such as out-of-roundness of the hole diameter or increased burrs on the hole wall caused by transmission vibration. At the same time, it fundamentally ensures the consistency of machining accuracy and surface quality of the three key holes: the transmission shaft oil hole 903, the oil channel side oil hole 906, and the through oil hole 907.

[0045] Working principle and usage process of this invention: S1. Material handling: The lifting hydraulic rod 806 of the loading and unloading assembly 800 drives its clamping and positioning component to descend, so that the arc groove 812 of the lower pressure block 811 fits against the arc surface of the crankshaft eccentric block 901; the opposing clamping motor 810 starts, driving the bidirectional threaded rod 808 to rotate, so that the two sets of grippers 809 move in opposite directions and clamp the oil flow shaft 904 of the crankshaft, realizing stable gripping by "upper pressure and lower clamp".

[0046] S2. Placement and Positioning: The translation motor 803 drives the translation threaded rod 804 to rotate, horizontally moving the gripped crankshaft above the clamping and positioning assembly 400; the lifting hydraulic rod 806 descends again, placing the crankshaft on the positioning plate 402, so that the oil conveying shaft 904 falls into the oil conveying shaft positioning groove 404, the transmission shaft 902 falls into the U-shaped groove 408, and the corresponding part of the eccentric block 901 is placed in the eccentric groove 406 of the support plate 405, completing the initial three-point positioning; then the gripper 809 releases, and the loading and unloading assembly resets and waits.

[0047] S3. Clamping and fixing: The lateral clamping pneumatic cylinder 412 drives the lateral clamping block 413 of the eccentric block to move, and uses its lateral arc-shaped clamping groove 414 to press the eccentric block 901 laterally. At the same time, the drive shaft pressing rod 415 on it passes through the auxiliary pressing hole 411 to press down the drive shaft 902. The opposing clamping pneumatic cylinder 416 synchronously drives the opposing clamping block 417 of the eccentric block to move, and uses the opposing arc-shaped clamping groove 418 to press the eccentric block 901 from the other side. At the same time, the oil conveying shaft pressing rod 419 on it presses down the oil conveying shaft 904, realizing the all-round locking of the crankshaft.

[0048] S4. Drilling: The drive shaft drilling unit 500, the side oil hole drilling unit 600, and the end oil hole drilling unit 700 are started sequentially or in order. In each unit, the forward extension motor 502 drives the forward extension screw 503 to rotate, causing the forward extension block 504 and the drilling components to feed. The drilling motor 506 drives the drill rod 507 to rotate via a worm gear mechanism, machining the drive shaft oil hole 903, the oil-carrying shaft side oil hole 906, and the through oil hole 907, respectively. Simultaneously, the blower 301 of the blowing assembly 300 is started, and airflow is ejected from the inclined nozzle 305 through the main air pipe 302, the three-way valve 303, and the diverter pipe 304, cooling the drill rod and blowing debris towards the guide plate 202 at the bottom of the casing 201. The debris is finally sucked away and recycled through the discharge port 203, the collection hopper 204, and the suction pipe 205.

[0049] S5. Unloading and Cleaning: After processing, all clamping pneumatic cylinders release the crankshaft. The clamping and positioning components of the unloading assembly 800 descend again and clamp the crankshaft, removing it from the machine housing 201. During removal, the airflow from the inclined nozzle 305 cleans the processed crankshaft and positioning components. The crankshaft is then transferred to the next workstation, and the equipment is ready for the next work cycle.

[0050] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fully automatic crankshaft drilling machine, characterized in that: include: The equipment base plate (100), the chassis assembly (200), the clamping and positioning assembly (400), and the drilling unit are provided. The chassis assembly (200) is mounted on the top surface of the equipment base plate (100). The clamping and positioning assembly (400) is mounted in the lower part of the inner cavity of the chassis assembly (200) to perform lateral, opposing, and downward locking on the target crankshaft assembly (900). The drilling unit is mounted on the inner wall of the chassis assembly (200). The clamping and positioning assembly (400) includes a support rod (401), a positioning plate (402), a T-block (403), a support plate (405), an auxiliary block (407), and a height adjustment block (410); the support rod (401) is symmetrically fixedly connected to the lower part of the inner cavity of the chassis (201); the positioning plate (402) is fixedly connected to the top surface of the support rod (401); the T-block (403) is fixedly connected to one end of the top surface of the positioning plate (402), and an oil flow shaft positioning groove (405) is provided in the middle of its top surface. 4) The pallet (405) is fixedly connected to the top surface of the positioning plate (402), and an eccentric groove (406) is provided in the middle of its top surface; the auxiliary block (407) is fixedly connected to the top surface of the positioning plate (402) and located on one side of the pallet (405), and a U-shaped groove (408) is provided in the middle of its top surface, and an auxiliary hole (409) is provided on one side of the U-shaped groove; the height adjustment block (410) is fixedly connected to the top surface of the auxiliary block (407) and at one end away from the auxiliary hole (409), and an auxiliary pressing hole (411) is provided on one side of it.

2. The fully automatic crankshaft drilling equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping and positioning assembly (400) further includes a first clamping and positioning component and a second clamping and positioning component installed on the inner wall of the chassis assembly (200), for applying clamping forces to the target crankshaft assembly (900) placed on the support plate (405) from mutually perpendicular sides and opposite directions, respectively, to prevent the crankshaft assembly (900) from shifting or coming out during drilling. The first clamping and positioning component includes a lateral clamping pneumatic cylinder (412), an eccentric block lateral clamping block (413), and a drive shaft pressing rod (415); wherein the output end of the lateral clamping pneumatic cylinder (412) is fixedly connected to the eccentric block lateral clamping block (413); the eccentric block lateral clamping block (413) is provided with a lateral arc-shaped clamping groove (414) on the side facing the crankshaft assembly (900); the drive shaft pressing rod (415) is fixedly connected to the other side of the eccentric block lateral clamping block (413).

3. The fully automatic crankshaft drilling equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second clamping and positioning component includes a counter-clamping pneumatic cylinder (416), an eccentric block counter-clamping block (417), and an oil-carrying shaft downward pressing rod (419); wherein, the output end of the counter-clamping pneumatic cylinder (416) is fixedly connected to the eccentric block counter-clamping block (417); the eccentric block counter-clamping block (417) is provided with a counter-arc-shaped clamping groove (418) on the side facing the crankshaft assembly (900); the oil-carrying shaft downward pressing rod (419) is fixedly connected to the other side of the eccentric block counter-clamping block (417); During operation, the opposing clamping pneumatic cylinder (416) drives the opposing eccentric block (417) to move toward the crankshaft assembly (900). The opposing arc-shaped clamping groove (418) presses the crankshaft assembly (900) from the opposing side, forming a bidirectional clamping force together with the lateral clamping force of the first clamping and positioning component to prevent the crankshaft assembly (900) from deflecting or shaking.

4. The fully automatic crankshaft drilling equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The chassis assembly (200) includes a chassis (201), a guide plate (202), a discharge port (203), a material hopper (204), and a suction pipe (205); wherein, the guide plate (202) is fixedly connected to the lower part of the inner wall of the chassis (201); the discharge port (203) is located on the bottom surface of the chassis (201) and at one end of the guide plate (202); the material hopper (204) is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the chassis (201) and is located below the discharge port (203); the suction pipe (205) is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the material hopper (204).

5. The fully automatic crankshaft drilling equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that: A blower assembly (300) is installed on the upper part of the inner cavity of the chassis assembly (200). The blower assembly (300) includes a blower (301), a main air duct (302), a three-way valve (303), a diverter pipe (304), and an inclined nozzle (305). The blower (301) is fixedly connected to the top surface of the chassis (201). The main air duct (302) is fixedly connected to the air outlet of the blower (301). The three-way valve (303) is fixedly connected to one end of the main air duct (302). Multiple diverter pipes (304) are respectively fixedly connected to each air outlet of the three-way valve (303). Multiple inclined nozzles (305) are symmetrically fixedly connected to the inner wall of the chassis (201) and are respectively connected to one end of each diverter pipe (304).

6. The fully automatic crankshaft drilling equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: On the top surface of the equipment base plate (100) and on one side of the chassis assembly (200), a loading and unloading assembly (800) for clamping and transferring the crankshaft assembly (900) is installed. The loading and unloading assembly (800) includes a support column (801), a translation rail (802), a translation motor (803), a translation threaded rod (804), a translation block (805), and a lifting hydraulic rod (806). The support column (801) is fixedly connected to the top surface of the equipment base plate (100); the translation track (802) is fixedly connected to one side of the support column (801); the translation motor (803) is fixedly connected to one end of the translation track (802), and its output end is fixedly connected to the translation threaded rod (804); the translation threaded rod (804) is rotatably connected inside the translation track (802); the translation block (805) is threadedly connected to the surface of the translation threaded rod (804); and the cylinder of the lifting hydraulic rod (806) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the translation block (805).

7. The fully automatic crankshaft drilling equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: The output end of the lifting hydraulic rod (806) is equipped with a clamping and positioning component for gripping, transferring and releasing the crankshaft assembly (900). The clamping and positioning component includes an opposing track (807), a bidirectional threaded rod (808), a gripper (809), an opposing clamping motor (810), and a lowering block (811). The opposing track (807) is fixedly connected to the output end of the lifting hydraulic rod (806). The bidirectional threaded rod (808) is rotatably connected inside the opposing track (807). The gripper (809) is threadedly connected to the surface of the bidirectional threaded rod (808). The opposing clamping motor (810) is fixedly connected to one end of the opposing track (807), and its output end is fixedly connected to the bidirectional threaded rod (808). The lowering block (811) is fixedly connected to one side of the opposing track (807), and its bottom surface is provided with an arc-shaped groove (812).

8. The fully automatic crankshaft drilling equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: The crankshaft assembly (900) includes an eccentric block (901), a drive shaft (902) is fixedly connected to one side of the eccentric block (901), a drive shaft oil hole (903) is provided on the surface of the drive shaft (902), and an oil conveyor shaft (904) is fixedly connected to the other side, a spiral oil groove (905) is provided on the surface of the oil conveyor shaft (904), an oil conveyor side oil hole (906) is provided on the surface of the oil conveyor shaft (904) and at one end of the spiral oil groove (905), and a through oil hole (907) is provided at one end of the oil conveyor shaft (904).

9. The fully automatic crankshaft drilling equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drilling unit includes three identical structures, namely, a drive shaft drilling unit (500), a side oil hole drilling unit (600), and an end oil hole drilling unit (700), which are respectively installed on the inner wall of the chassis assembly (200). The drive shaft drilling unit (500) includes a forward extension track (501), a forward extension motor (502), a forward extension screw (503), a forward extension block (504), and a drilling component. The forward extension track (501) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the housing (201). The forward extension motor (502) is fixedly connected to one end of the forward extension track (501). The forward extension screw (503) is rotatably connected to the inside of the forward extension track (501), and one end of it is fixedly connected to the output shaft end of the forward extension motor (502) to convert rotational motion into linear motion. The forward extension block (504) is threaded to the surface of the forward extension screw (503) to move linearly along the forward extension track (501). The drilling component is installed on the bottom surface of the forward extension block (504) to perform drilling.

10. The fully automatic crankshaft drilling equipment according to claim 9, characterized in that: The drilling component includes an L-shaped plate (505), a drilling motor (506), and a drill rod (507); wherein, the L-shaped plate (505) is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the extension block (504); the drilling motor (506) is fixedly connected to one side of the L-shaped plate (505); the drill rod (507) is connected to the output shaft end of the drilling motor (506) through a transmission pair composed of a worm and a worm wheel, and is located inside the L-shaped plate (505) to achieve rotational support.

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