Laser cutting equipment and method for steel structure machining

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of laser cutting equipment, and discloses laser cutting equipment and method for steel structure machining, the equipment comprises a rack and a laser cutting head, the laser cutting head is installed on a second moving module in a drivable mode, and the laser cutting head can conduct lifting adjustment in the vertical direction; a first dust collection cover shell is arranged at the bottom of the laser cutting head, a flexible cover cylinder capable of being adjusted in a lifting mode is arranged at the bottom of the first dust collection cover shell, the flexible cover cylinder covers the laser cutting position, a fixed preset distance is kept between the flexible cover cylinder and the surface of a workpiece all the time when the laser cutting head is used, light and thin plates are prevented from being sucked and attached, and smoke and dust of thick plates are prevented from escaping. Through vertical driving of the moving module, plane free displacement of the laser cutting head is achieved, and the cutting requirements of different positions of a steel structure workpiece are met; and due to the fixed interval design of the flexible cover cylinder, the problems that light and thin plates are sucked and deviated by dust suction force, and smoke dust escapes during cutting of thick plates are solved at the same time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of laser cutting equipment technology, specifically to a laser cutting device and method for steel structure processing. Background Technology

[0002] Laser cutting refers to the use of a laser beam to cut metal materials. It has a wide range of applications and is increasingly used in modern industry. In some fields, such as aerospace, shipbuilding, automobile manufacturing, and mold manufacturing, laser cutting has become an indispensable technology.

[0003] Existing technology discloses an intelligent laser cutting device and method based on the processing of steel structures for construction (application number CN202511367372.2). It includes a steel square tube mounted on a vertical sawing machine, and further comprises: a displacement module with a laser cutter mounted on it; a cutting platform with a positioning component and a pushing component; an equipment box containing a drive unit and a processing unit; and a processing unit including a circulation component and a cooling component. This invention can automatically adsorb and remove waste chips and inert gases during cutting, and after screening and cooling processes, the inert gases are returned to the cutting area. This achieves the recycling and reuse of inert gases. Simultaneously, by utilizing a cooling method combining adsorption heat absorption and blowing heat absorption, the steel square tube can be cooled in real time during cutting, preventing overheating and deformation of the steel structure, resulting in higher cutting quality.

[0004] However, existing technologies, especially this particular solution, still have the following problems: The accuracy of dust capture is insufficient and the adaptability is poor: Existing technologies only mention the adsorption and removal of waste and inert gases, without setting up a precise dust collection structure that moves synchronously with the laser cutter. Most dust collection components are fixedly arranged, making it difficult to match the movement trajectory of the cutter. As a result, the dust generated in the cutting area can easily escape from the gaps in the dust collection range, making it impossible to achieve point-to-point precise capture. Furthermore, the distance between the dust collection structure and the workpiece is not optimized for steel structure workpieces of different thicknesses. Thin workpieces are easily pulled and deflected by the suction force, while thick workpieces produce a larger amount of dust that is difficult to fully absorb, resulting in insufficient targeted dust treatment. The dust collection system is prone to clogging and has low maintenance efficiency: Although the existing technology mentions the adsorption of waste, it does not design a graded treatment of waste and dust or a self-cleaning structure for the filter. Large metal particles generated from cutting steel structures are easy to adhere to the surface of the dust collection filter, which quickly causes the filter to become clogged. This not only reduces the dust collection efficiency, but also requires frequent shutdowns to disassemble and clean the filter, interrupting the cutting process and affecting the overall processing efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a technical solution, namely, vertical driving of the moving module to realize free planar movement of the laser cutting head, and fixed spacing design of the flexible cover, so as to solve the problems in the prior art mentioned in the background.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A laser cutting device for steel structure processing includes: The frame is equipped with a mobile module one and a mobile module two, and the displacement drive paths of the mobile module one and the mobile module two are set vertically. The laser cutting head is drivably mounted on the mobile module two. The laser cutting head can be vertically adjusted. A dust collection cover is set at the bottom of the laser cutting head. A flexible cover is set at the bottom of the dust collection cover. The flexible cover covers the outside of the laser cutting position. When the laser cutting head is in operation, the flexible cover always maintains a fixed preset distance from the workpiece surface, which not only prevents thin plates from being sucked up, but also prevents dust from escaping from thick plates. The frame is equipped with a support beam, which is located at the bottom of the workpiece placement surface. The support beam is located in the middle of the frame and is parallel to the first moving module. The bottom of the support beam is connected to a second moving slide rail via the first moving slide rail. A second dust collection hood is installed on the slider of the second moving slide rail. The second dust collection hood and the first dust collection hood are arranged vertically and move synchronously. The first and second dust collection hoods work together to absorb the dust generated during the laser cutting process.

[0007] Preferably, a telescopic push rod is provided between the bottom of the dust collection hood and the flexible hood cylinder. The telescopic push rod is used to drive the lifting and lowering adjustment of the flexible hood cylinder. A distance sensor is provided on the bottom surface of the flexible hood cylinder. The distance sensor is used to confirm the distance between the bottom surface of the flexible hood cylinder and the surface of the workpiece.

[0008] Preferably, the second dust collection hood is equipped with a dust collection fan and a filter screen inside. The filter screen is cone-shaped and located above the dust collection fan. A collection chamber is provided on the side of the second dust collection hood. A rotating sweeping plate is mounted on the shaft of the dust collection fan motor. The rotating sweeping plate rotates with the shaft, sweeping large particles of impurities from the surface of the filter screen into the collection chamber. The collection chamber has dust collection holes corresponding to the bottom of the filter screen. The collection chamber is detachably installed on the side of the second dust collection hood.

[0009] Preferably, a dust sensor is installed inside the first dust collection hood. The detection end of the dust sensor is pointed to the cutting position of the workpiece by the laser generator. The greater the dust detected by the dust sensor, the greater the dust collection power of the first and second dust collection hoods.

[0010] Preferably, the second movable slide rail is arranged perpendicular to the first movable slide rail, the second dust collection cover is installed on the slider of the second movable slide rail, and a connecting pipe is provided at the bottom of the second dust collection cover.

[0011] Preferably, the bottom of the frame is provided with a dust collection assembly and a connecting pipe. Multiple dust collection assemblies are connected to the discharge pipe through the connecting pipe. The dust collection assemblies are used to absorb the smoke and dust escaping from the first dust collection hood and the second dust collection hood. The connecting pipe is connected to the connecting pipe.

[0012] Preferably, a laser generator is mounted on the slider of the second mobile module, and the laser cutting head is mounted on the laser generator.

[0013] Preferably, a controller is included, which is used to control the first and second moving modules, the first and the second moving slide rails. The controller confirms the driving position of the second vacuum cleaner hood through GCODE code, thereby ensuring that the first and second vacuum cleaner hoods are always vertically aligned.

[0014] Preferably, the frame is provided with multiple sets of support plates arranged vertically, and the support plates are provided with clearance holes for allowing the drive paths of the first and second sliding rails.

[0015] This invention also proposes a laser cutting method for steel structure processing, based on a laser cutting device for steel structure processing, comprising the following steps: Step S1: Workpiece positioning and equipment initialization; Step S2: Calibrate the spacing between the flexible cover tubes; Step S3: Dust collection system linkage debugging; Step S5: Filter self-cleaning and impurity collection; Step S6: Secondary recovery of escaping smoke and dust and completion of the operation.

[0016] Technical effects and advantages of the present invention: The laser cutting equipment and method for steel structure processing proposed in this invention have the following advantages compared with the prior art: The present invention drives the laser cutting head to move flexibly in a plane through a vertically arranged mobile module on the frame; the laser cutting head can be vertically raised and lowered to adapt to the workpiece, and the flexible cover of the bottom dust collection cover can be raised and lowered to always cover the cutting position and maintain a preset distance from the workpiece surface.

[0017] The vertical drive of the moving module enables the laser cutting head to move freely in the plane, adapting to the cutting needs of different positions of steel structure workpieces; the fixed spacing design of the flexible cover solves the problems of thin plates being pulled and offset by the suction force of the dust collector, as well as the problem of dust escaping when cutting thick plates. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the laser cutting equipment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a planar top view of the laser cutting equipment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the front planar structure of the laser cutting equipment of the present invention; Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged structural diagram at point A; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a dust collection hood in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the secondary structure of the dust collection cover in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] In the picture: 11. Frame; 12. Moving Module 1; 13. Moving Module 2; 14. Support Beam; 15. Support Plate; 16. Clearance Hole; 17. Laser Generator; 18. Dust Collection Assembly; 19. Connecting Pipe; 110. Discharge Pipe; 111. Laser Cutting Head; 21. Vacuum hood housing one; 22. Flexible hood cylinder; 23. Telescopic push rod; 24. Smoke and dust sensor; 25. Moving slide rail one; 26. Moving slide rail two; 27. Slider; 28. Vacuum hood housing two; 29. ​​Collection chamber; 210. Connecting pipe; 211. Vacuum fan; 212. Filter screen; 213. Rotating shaft; 214. Rotating sweeping plate; 215. Dust collection hole. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The subject matter described herein will now be discussed with reference to exemplary embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are discussed only to enable those skilled in the art to better understand and implement the subject matter described herein, and changes may be made to the function and arrangement of the elements discussed without departing from the scope of this specification. Various processes or components may be omitted, substituted, or added as needed in the examples. Furthermore, features described in some examples may be combined in other examples.

[0021] The invention provides, for example Figures 1 to 6 As shown, a laser cutting device for steel structure processing includes: The frame 11 is equipped with a first movable module 12 and a second movable module 13. The displacement drive paths of the first movable module 12 and the second movable module 13 are arranged perpendicularly. The laser cutting head 111 is drivably mounted on the mobile module 13. The laser cutting head 111 can be vertically adjusted. The bottom of the laser cutting head 111 is provided with a dust collection cover 21. The bottom of the dust collection cover 21 is provided with a flexible cover 22 that can be raised and lowered. The flexible cover 22 covers the outside of the laser cutting position. When the laser cutting head 111 is in operation, the flexible cover 22 always maintains a fixed preset distance of 3-5mm from the surface of the workpiece, which not only prevents thin plates from being sucked up, but also prevents dust from escaping from thick plates. Working principle: The laser cutting head 111 is driven to move flexibly in the plane by the vertically arranged moving module on the frame 11; the laser cutting head 111 can be vertically raised and lowered to adapt to the workpiece, and the flexible cover 22 of the bottom dust suction cover 21 can be raised and lowered to always cover the cutting position and maintain a preset distance from the workpiece surface.

[0022] The vertical drive of the moving module enables the laser cutting head 111 to move freely in the plane, adapting to the cutting needs of different positions of steel structure workpieces; the fixed spacing design of the flexible cover 22 solves the problems of thin plates being sucked and deflected by the suction force of the dust collector, as well as the problem of dust escaping when cutting thick plates.

[0023] A support beam 14 is provided on the frame 11. The support beam 14 is located at the bottom of the workpiece placement surface and is located in the middle of the frame 11 and is parallel to the moving module 12. A moving slide rail 26 is installed at the bottom of the support beam 14 via a moving slide rail 25. A dust collection hood 28 is installed on the slider of the moving slide rail 26. The dust collection hood 28 and the dust collection hood 21 are arranged vertically and move synchronously. The dust collection hood 21 and the dust collection hood 28 together absorb the smoke and dust generated during the cutting process of the laser cutting head 111.

[0024] The distance between the flexible hood 22 and the workpiece surface directly affects the dust collection effect and workpiece stability. However, the traditional adjustment of the distance of the flexible hood 22 relies heavily on manual preset, making it difficult to dynamically adapt to the actual state of the workpiece surface—too small a distance makes it easy to stick to thin workpieces, while too large a distance will cause dust to escape. To solve this problem, this device adds a telescopic drive component between the dust collection hood and the flexible hood 22, and configures a distance detection element at the bottom of the flexible hood 22 to achieve precise and dynamic adjustment of the distance between the hood and the workpiece surface. A telescopic push rod 23 is set between the bottom of the dust collection hood 21 and the flexible hood 22. The telescopic push rod 23 is used to drive the lifting and lowering adjustment of the flexible hood 22. A distance sensor is set on the bottom surface of the flexible hood 22 to confirm the distance between the bottom surface of the flexible hood 22 and the workpiece surface.

[0025] The fumes generated from laser cutting of steel structures often contain large metal particles. Traditional flat filters in vacuum systems are easily clogged by these impurities, reducing suction efficiency and requiring frequent shutdowns for filter cleaning. To address this issue, this device uses a conical filter and a sweeping component driven by the power shaft of the vacuum fan 211 to simultaneously sweep away large particles from the filter during vacuuming, preventing accumulation and clogging. The vacuum hood 28 houses the vacuum fan 211 and a filter 212. The filter 212 is conical and positioned above the vacuum fan 211. A collection chamber 29 is located on the side of the vacuum hood 28. A rotating sweeping plate 214 is mounted on the shaft 213 of the vacuum fan 211 motor. The rotating sweeping plate 214 rotates with the shaft 213, sweeping large particles from the surface of the filter 212 into the collection chamber 29.

[0026] Large particles of impurities swept away need to be collected and cleaned conveniently and thoroughly. If the sealing between the collection structure and the dust collection hood is poor, impurities may remain or escape. A fixed collection structure, on the other hand, increases the complexity of the cleaning process. Therefore, this device features a collection chamber 29 with a dust collection channel on the side of the dust collection hood, and it is detachably installed. This ensures that impurities can fall smoothly into the collection chamber 29 and facilitates quick cleaning. The collection chamber 29 has a dust collection hole 215 corresponding to the bottom of the filter screen 212, and the collection chamber 29 is detachably installed on the side of the dust collection hood 28.

[0027] When laser cutting steel structural workpieces of different specifications and materials, the amount of smoke and dust generated varies greatly: the amount of smoke and dust generated when cutting thin parts is small, while the amount of smoke and dust generated when cutting thick parts or high-carbon steel increases significantly. If the dust collection power remains constant, either the dust cannot be completely absorbed when the amount of smoke and dust is large, or energy is wasted when the amount of smoke and dust is small. Based on this, this equipment is equipped with a smoke and dust detection element inside the upper dust collection hood, which can sense the dust and dust concentration in the cutting area in real time and adjust the operating power of the dust collection system accordingly. The dust collection hood 21 is equipped with a smoke and dust sensor 24. The detection end of the smoke and dust sensor 24 is pointed to the cutting position of the workpiece by the laser generator 17. The greater the amount of smoke and dust detected by the smoke and dust sensor 24, the greater the dust collection power of the dust collection hood 21 and the dust collection hood 28.

[0028] To ensure the lower suction structure accurately follows the movement trajectory of the laser cutting head 111, a suitable moving guide structure is required. Simultaneously, the dust collected by the lower suction structure needs to be discharged in an orderly manner to avoid cluttered pipes interfering with equipment operation. Therefore, this device features mutually perpendicular double-layered moving slide rails to support the lower suction hood, with a dust discharge pipe located at the bottom of the suction hood. This achieves both flexible movement of the suction structure and orderly dust transport. The second moving slide rail 26 is perpendicular to the first moving slide rail 25, and the second suction hood 28 is mounted on the slider 27 of the second moving slide rail 26. A connecting pipe 210 is located at the bottom of the second suction hood 28.

[0029] Even with the upper and lower dust collection hoods capturing the smoke and dust from the cutting area, a small amount of smoke and dust will still escape into the equipment frame 11. Long-term accumulation will not only contaminate equipment components and affect equipment lifespan, but will also spread into the working environment during equipment operation. To address this issue of escaping smoke and dust, this equipment adds a centralized dust collection assembly 18 at the bottom of the frame 11, which is connected to each dust collection structure via a connecting pipe 19, thus enabling secondary collection of the escaped residual smoke and dust. The bottom of the frame 11 is equipped with the dust collection assembly 18 and the connecting pipe 19. Multiple sets of dust collection assemblies 18 are connected to the discharge pipe 110 via the connecting pipe 19. The dust collection assembly 18 is used to absorb the smoke and dust escaping from the first dust collection hood 21 and the second dust collection hood 28. The connecting pipe 210 is connected to the connecting pipe 19.

[0030] The precision of laser cutting is closely related to the stability of laser transmission. If the installation distance between the laser generator 17 and the cutting head is too far, energy loss or precision deviation may occur due to the excessively long laser transmission path. To improve the stability of laser transmission and cutting precision, this equipment directly mounts the laser generator 17 on the slider 27 of the moving module that drives the cutting head, making the relative position of the laser generator 17 and the cutting head closer and shortening the laser transmission path. The laser generator 17 is mounted on the slider of the moving module 13, and the laser cutting head 111 is mounted on the laser generator 17.

[0031] Specifically, the alignment accuracy of the upper and lower dust collection hoods directly determines the effectiveness of smoke and dust collection. Traditional mechanical linkage synchronization methods are prone to misalignment of the upper and lower dust collection hoods due to transmission gaps, leading to smoke and dust leakage. To ensure that the upper and lower dust collection hoods are always precisely aligned, this equipment is equipped with a controller. This controller uses GCODE commands from the cutting operation to synchronously calibrate the movement position of the lower dust collection structure, achieving high-precision positional matching between the cutting head and the upper and lower dust collection structures. The controller controls moving module 12 and moving module 23, moving slide rail 1 and moving slide rail 26. The controller confirms the driving position of dust collection hood 28 through GCODE codes, thereby ensuring that dust collection hood 1 and dust collection hood 28 are always vertically aligned. The internal support structure of the equipment needs to simultaneously bear the load of the workpiece and support the installation of equipment components. However, traditional vertical support structures are prone to interference with the movement path of the moving slide rails, affecting the flexible operation of the moving parts. To address this, the equipment incorporates clearance channels on the vertically arranged support plates 15. This ensures the support strength of the support plates 15 for both the equipment and the workpiece, while also allowing for the movement of the sliding rails and preventing structural interference. The frame 11 is equipped with multiple vertically arranged support plates 15, each with clearance holes 16. These clearance holes allow for the movement of sliding rail 25 and sliding rail 26.

[0032] The present invention also provides a laser cutting method for steel structure processing, based on the aforementioned laser cutting equipment for steel structure processing, comprising the following steps: Step S1: Workpiece positioning and equipment initialization; The steel structure workpiece to be cut is placed on the support plate 15 of the frame 11, ensuring that the workpiece covers the support area and avoids the position of the clearance hole 16 to prevent interference between the moving slide rail and the workpiece during operation. The device is started by the controller to initialize the moving module 12, moving module 23, moving slide rail 1 25, and moving slide rail 2 26, so that the laser cutting head 111 and the dust collection hood 1 21 and dust collection hood 2 28 are reset to the initial position. At the same time, the upper and lower corresponding positions of the dust collection hood 1 21 and dust collection hood 2 28 are calibrated to solve the problems of initial alignment deviation between the dust collection structure and the cutting head and interference between the slide rail and the workpiece in the prior art.

[0033] Step S2: Calibrate the spacing of the flexible cover 22; The controller presets a fixed distance between the flexible cover 22 and the workpiece surface based on the thickness of the workpiece to be cut. It then activates the telescopic push rod 23 to drive the flexible cover 22 to rise and fall. The distance data is detected in real time by the distance sensor on the bottom surface of the flexible cover 22 and fed back to the controller. The controller dynamically adjusts the stroke of the telescopic push rod 23 so that the flexible cover 22 accurately fits the preset distance and covers the outside of the area to be cut. This solves the problem in the prior art that thin and light plates are easily deflected by the suction force of the dust collector, and that dust from thick plates escapes from the gap.

[0034] Step S3: Dust collection system linkage debugging; Turn on the vacuum fan 211 inside the second vacuum hood 28, and simultaneously start the smoke sensor 24 inside the first vacuum hood 21, aligning the detection end of the smoke sensor 24 with the position to be cut; set the linkage threshold between smoke concentration and vacuum power through the controller, and simultaneously adjust the ventilation status of the bottom vacuum assembly 18 and the connecting pipe 19 to ensure that the connecting pipe 210 and the connecting pipe 19 are sealed and connected, thus solving the problems of incomplete smoke removal or energy waste and lack of secondary recovery of scattered smoke caused by fixed vacuum power in the prior art.

[0035] Step S4: Laser cutting and dynamic dust collection operation; The controller imports the cutting GCODE code and drives the first mobile module 12 and the second mobile module 13 to move the laser generator 17 and the laser cutting head 111 along a preset trajectory. At the same time, it controls the first mobile slide rail 25 and the second mobile slide rail 26 to make the second dust collection hood 28 move synchronously with the laser cutting head 111, always keeping it vertically aligned with the first dust collection hood 21 to form a vertical encirclement of the cutting area for dust collection. During the cutting process, the dust sensor 24 detects the dust concentration in real time and automatically adjusts the dust collection power of the first and second dust collection hoods to adapt to the changes in dust volume at different cutting stages, solving the problems of asynchronous movement between the dust collection structure and the cutting head and the existence of blind spots in dust collection in the existing technology.

[0036] Step S5: Filter self-cleaning and impurity collection; When the vacuum fan 211 is running, its motor shaft 213 drives the rotating sweeping plate 214 to rotate synchronously, continuously sweeping the large metal particles attached to the surface of the conical filter screen 212. The impurities fall into the side collection chamber 29 through the dust hole 215. During the cutting process, the filter screen can be prevented from clogging by the continuous operation of the rotating sweeping plate 214 according to the amount of impurities accumulated, without the need to stop the machine for cleaning. This solves the problem of the filter screen being easily clogged by impurities and the need for frequent machine stops for disassembly and cleaning in the prior art.

[0037] Step S6: Secondary recovery of escaping smoke and dust and completion of the operation; After the cutting operation is completed, the bottom dust collection component 18 is kept running for a preset time. The residual smoke and dust inside the frame 11 is absorbed again through the connecting pipe 19 and finally discharged to the external processing device through the discharge pipe 110. The laser cutting head 111 and the dust collection system are turned off, the collection chamber 29 on the side of the dust collection cover 28 is disassembled to clean the impurities, and all moving parts and flexible cover 22 are reset to complete the cutting operation, thus solving the problem of smoke and dust pollution of equipment and working environment in the prior art.

[0038] In summary, the present invention also has the following combined effects: Movement and component synchronization: The mutually perpendicular moving modules on the frame 11 drive the laser cutting head 111 to move, while the double-layer vertical moving slide rail at the bottom of the support beam 14 drives the second dust collection hood 28 to move. The controller calibrates the position through GCODE code so that the second dust collection hood 28, the first dust collection hood 21, and the laser cutting head 111 are always vertically aligned.

[0039] Flexible cover 22 is adapted to: The telescopic push rod 23 at the bottom of the dust collection cover 21 drives the flexible cover 22 to rise and fall, and in conjunction with the distance sensor, keeps the cover at a fixed distance from the workpiece surface.

[0040] Smoke and dust collection and self-cleaning: The upper and lower dust hoods surround the cutting area, and the smoke and dust sensor 24 detects the smoke and dust concentration at the cutting point and adjusts the suction power accordingly; the conical filter screen inside the second dust hood shell 28 collects impurities, and the rotating shaft 213 of the suction fan 211 drives the rotating sweeping plate 214 to sweep large particles of impurities on the filter screen into the detachable collection chamber 29.

[0041] Escaped dust treatment: The dust collection component 18 at the bottom of the frame 11 is connected to each dust collection structure through the connecting pipe 19. After secondary absorption of the escaped dust, it is discharged through the discharge pipe 110.

[0042] Dust control and workpiece stability: Precise alignment of the upper and lower dust hoods + fixed spacing of the flexible hood cylinder 22 prevents thin plates from being sucked and shifted, and prevents dust from escaping from thick plates, improving dust collection efficiency. Maintenance and energy consumption optimization: Conical filter and rotating sweeping plate 214 achieve self-cleaning, reducing filter clogging and downtime for cleaning; dust and power are linked for adjustment, balancing high dust collection efficiency with low dust energy consumption. Equipment and environmental protection: Secondary dust collection reduces dust accumulation inside the equipment and reduces the diffusion of dust into the working environment, improving working conditions. Cutting accuracy assurance: The laser generator 17 is installed close to the cutting head, shortening the laser transmission path, reducing energy loss, and improving the cutting accuracy of steel structure workpieces.

[0043] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above, but the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of the present invention, all of which are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser cutting device for steel structure processing, characterized in that, include: The frame (11) is equipped with a first mobile module (12) and a second mobile module (13). The displacement drive paths of the first mobile module (12) and the second mobile module (13) are set vertically. The laser cutting head (111) is drivably mounted on the second mobile module (13). The laser cutting head (111) can be adjusted vertically. A dust collection cover (21) is provided at the bottom of the laser cutting head (111). A flexible cover (22) that can be adjusted vertically is provided at the bottom of the dust collection cover (21). The flexible cover (22) is placed outside the laser cutting position. When the laser cutting head (111) is in operation, the flexible cover (22) always maintains a fixed preset distance from the workpiece surface, which avoids the thin plate being sucked up and prevents the dust from escaping from the thick plate. The frame (11) is provided with a support beam (14), which is located at the bottom of the workpiece placement surface. The support beam (14) is located in the middle of the frame (11) and is parallel to the first moving module (12). The bottom of the support beam (14) is equipped with a second moving slide rail (26) via a first moving slide rail (25). A second dust collection hood (28) is installed on the slider of the second moving slide rail (26). The second dust collection hood (28) and the first dust collection hood (21) are arranged vertically and move synchronously. The first dust collection hood (21) and the second dust collection hood (28) together absorb the dust generated during the cutting process of the laser cutting head (111).

2. The laser cutting equipment for steel structure processing according to claim 1, characterized in that, A telescopic push rod (23) is provided between the bottom of the dust collection cover (21) and the bottom of the flexible cover (22). The telescopic push rod (23) is used to drive the lifting and lowering adjustment of the flexible cover (22). A distance sensor is provided on the bottom surface of the flexible cover (22). The distance sensor is used to confirm the distance between the bottom surface of the flexible cover (22) and the surface of the workpiece.

3. The laser cutting equipment for steel structure processing according to claim 2, characterized in that, The vacuum hood (28) is equipped with a vacuum fan (211) and a filter (212). The filter (212) is cone-shaped and located above the vacuum fan (211). A collection chamber (29) is provided on the side of the vacuum hood (28). A rotating sweeping plate (214) is installed on the shaft (213) of the vacuum fan (211) motor. The rotating sweeping plate (214) rotates with the shaft (213) to sweep large particles of impurities from the surface of the filter (212) into the collection chamber (29). The collection chamber (29) has a dust collection hole (215) at the bottom of the filter (212). The collection chamber (29) is detachably installed on the side of the vacuum hood (28).

4. The laser cutting equipment for steel structure processing according to claim 3, characterized in that, The dust collection hood (21) is equipped with a dust sensor (24). The detection end of the dust sensor (24) is pointed to the cutting position of the workpiece by the laser generator (17). The greater the dust detected by the dust sensor (24), the greater the dust collection power of the dust collection hood (21) and the dust collection hood (28).

5. The laser cutting equipment for steel structure processing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second movable slide rail (26) is set perpendicular to the first movable slide rail (25). The second dust collection cover (28) is installed on the slider (27) of the second movable slide rail (26). A connecting pipe (210) is provided at the bottom of the second dust collection cover (28).

6. The laser cutting equipment for steel structure processing according to claim 5, characterized in that, The bottom of the frame (11) is provided with a dust collection assembly (18) and a connecting pipe (19). Multiple dust collection assemblies (18) are connected to the discharge pipe (110) through the connecting pipe (19). The dust collection assembly (18) is used to absorb the smoke and dust escaping from the first dust collection hood (21) and the second dust collection hood (28). The connecting pipe (210) is connected to the connecting pipe (19).

7. The laser cutting equipment for steel structure processing according to claim 6, characterized in that, A laser generator (17) is mounted on the slider of the second mobile module (13), and a laser cutting head (111) is mounted on the laser generator (17).

8. The laser cutting equipment for steel structure processing according to claim 7, characterized in that, Includes a controller, which is used to control the first mobile module (12) and the second mobile module (13), the first mobile slide rail (25) and the second mobile slide rail (26). The controller confirms the driving position of the second vacuum hood (28) through GCODE code, thereby ensuring that the first vacuum hood (21) and the second vacuum hood (28) are always aligned vertically.

9. A laser cutting device for steel structure processing according to claim 8, characterized in that, The frame (11) is provided with multiple sets of support plates (15) arranged vertically. The support plates (15) are provided with clearance holes (16), which are used to allow the drive path of the first sliding rail (25) and the second sliding rail (26).

10. A laser cutting method for steel structure processing, based on the laser cutting equipment for steel structure processing as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: Workpiece positioning and equipment initialization; Step S2, calibrate the spacing of the flexible cover (22); Step S3: Dust collection system linkage debugging; Step S5: Filter self-cleaning and impurity collection; Step S6: Secondary recovery of escaping smoke and dust and completion of the operation.

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