Connecting rod double-end-face grinding machining device and method
By designing a double-end grinding device for connecting rods using a turntable and grinding fixture, the problems of poor grinding accuracy and dimensional stability of stepped connecting rods were solved, achieving efficient and stable connecting rod processing and meeting the needs of high-precision production.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202610047722.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-01-14
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-24
AI Technical Summary
In the existing technology, the grinding accuracy and dimensional stability of stepped connecting rods are poor, and they are greatly affected by factors such as the accuracy of the positioning fixture, the effect of grinding wheel dressing, and the skill level of the operator.
Design a connecting rod double-end face grinding device, which adopts a turntable and grinding fixture. By configuring the height of the positioning surface station and the non-positioning surface station, the large end and small end faces on both sides of the connecting rod blank are made to be coplanar or have a height difference before grinding. Continuous grinding is achieved by using the cooperation of double-end grinding wheels and single-end grinding wheels.
It improves the dimensional stability of the thickness difference between the small and large ends of the connecting rod, meets the requirements of high-precision production, reduces multiple adjustments and clamping processes, and improves processing efficiency and quality stability.
Smart Images
Figure CN121552175A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The embodiments disclosed herein relate to the field of connecting rod grinding technology, and more specifically, to a connecting rod double-end face grinding apparatus. Background Technology
[0002] The connecting rod is the core transmission component of the crankshaft and connecting rod mechanism in an internal combustion engine. One end of it is connected to the piston and the other end is connected to the crankshaft. It can convert the reciprocating linear motion of the piston into the rotational motion of the crankshaft, and at the same time transmit the power generated by fuel combustion.
[0003] Structurally, a connecting rod mainly consists of three parts: the small end, the body, and the big end. Among them, the stepped connecting rod is a special type of connecting rod where the thickness of the small end and the big end differs, causing their end faces to not be on the same plane.
[0004] In the production and processing of stepped connecting rods, a surface grinder is required to grind their end faces. During processing, the connecting rod is fixed to the worktable by magnetic attraction. Since the end faces of the small end and the large end are not on the same plane, and their machining allowances are also different, the end faces of the small end and the large end need to be adjusted and ground separately. Moreover, each end face needs to be ground on both sides, and the entire processing flow requires grinding operations on four sides.
[0005] During this process, the parallelism of the connecting rod end face is easily affected by factors such as the accuracy of the positioning fixture, the dressing effect of the grinding wheel, and the technical level of the operator, which ultimately leads to poor dimensional stability of the thickness difference between the small end and the large end of the stepped connecting rod. Summary of the Invention
[0006] To overcome the above-mentioned defects, the embodiments of this disclosure provide a connecting rod double-end face grinding apparatus, which solves the technical problems of poor grinding accuracy and dimensional stability of stepped connecting rods in the prior art.
[0007] According to one aspect, at least one embodiment of this disclosure provides a connecting rod double-end face grinding apparatus. The connecting rod is obtained by grinding a connecting rod blank. Both the connecting rod and the connecting rod blank have a large end and a small end. The end face of the large end of the connecting rod blank is coplanar with the end face of the small end or has a height difference. The end face of the large end of the connecting rod has a height difference with the end face of the small end, including: A turntable, the turntable having a grinding fixture, the grinding fixture having a positioning surface station and a non-positioning surface station; A grinding element, which is disposed above the turntable, is used to grind the end faces of the large end and the small end of the connecting rod blank. The positioning surface station is used to place the connecting rod blank and grind the positioning surfaces of the large end and the small end. The non-positioning surface station is used to place the connecting rod blank after the positioning surface grinding is completed and grind the non-positioning surfaces of the large end and the small end. The height of the positioning surface station and the non-positioning surface station is configured such that the end faces of the large end and the small end on both sides of the connecting rod blank are coplanar or have a height difference before being ground.
[0008] For example, at least one embodiment of this disclosure provides a connecting rod double-end face grinding apparatus, wherein the end face of the large end of the connecting rod blank and the end face of the small end are coplanar, the end face of the large end of the connecting rod and the end face of the small end have a first height difference a, and when the connecting rod blank is ground to obtain the connecting rod, the grinding amount on both sides of the large end is x, the grinding amount on both sides of the small end is y, and the absolute value of the difference between x and y is equal to a; The positioning surface station has a small-head positioning surface base and a large-head positioning surface base, which are coplanar; the non-positioning surface station has a small-head non-positioning surface base and a large-head non-positioning surface base, which have a second height difference b, where b = a.
[0009] For example, at least one embodiment of this disclosure provides a connecting rod double-end face grinding apparatus, wherein the height difference between the small end positioning surface base and the small end non-positioning surface base is c, c = x; and the height difference between the large end positioning surface base and the large end non-positioning surface base is d, d = y.
[0010] For example, at least one embodiment of this disclosure provides a connecting rod double-end face grinding apparatus, wherein the grinding part includes: The grinding wheel has two ends and one end, both of which are located above the turntable. The positions are such that the grinding fixture can pass through the grinding wheel and the grinding wheel in sequence. The grinding end face of the single-end grinding wheel is lower than that of the double-end grinding wheel. The double-end grinding wheel is configured to have a grinding range that can simultaneously cover the large end and the small end on one side of the connecting rod blank, thereby grinding both the large end and the small end on the same side of the connecting rod blank at the same time. The single-end grinding wheel is configured to have a grinding range that can only cover the large end or the small end on one side of the connecting rod blank, thereby grinding only one of the large end or the small end on the same side of the connecting rod blank.
[0011] For example, at least one embodiment of this disclosure provides a connecting rod double-end face grinding apparatus, wherein the grinding fixture is arranged in a plurality of circumferentially arranged.
[0012] For example, at least one embodiment of this disclosure provides a connecting rod double-end face grinding apparatus, wherein the grinding fixture further includes: Small end positioning block, the small end positioning block is provided above both the small end positioning surface base and the small end non-positioning surface base, the small end positioning block is used to lock the small end of the connecting rod blank; The large-end positioning and clamping block is oscillatingly disposed above both the large-end positioning surface base and the large-end non-positioning surface base. The large-end positioning and clamping block oscillates to have a clamping state and a loosening state. When it is in the clamping state, it can abut against and clamp the large end of the connecting rod blank. When it is in the loosening state, it can move away from the large end of the connecting rod blank.
[0013] For example, at least one embodiment of this disclosure provides a connecting rod double-end face grinding apparatus, wherein the grinding fixture further includes: A drive cylinder is mounted on the turntable and hinged to the large-end positioning and clamping block, used to drive the large-end positioning and clamping block to swing and clamp the large end of the connecting rod blank.
[0014] For example, at least one embodiment of this disclosure provides a connecting rod double-end face grinding apparatus, which further includes: Guide wheel, the guide wheel is disposed on the large-end positioning and clamping block; An annular limiting ring is provided, and the guide wheel is rolled along the annular limiting ring. The annular limiting ring has a pressing section and a releasing section. When the guide wheel rolls to the pressing section as the turntable rotates, the guide wheel pushes the large-end positioning pressing block to maintain the pressing state. When it rolls to the releasing section, the guide wheel pushes the large-end positioning pressing block to maintain the releasing state.
[0015] For example, at least one embodiment of this disclosure provides a connecting rod double-end face grinding apparatus, wherein the grinding fixture is rotatably configured, the positioning surface station and the non-positioning surface station are respectively located on the upper and lower sides of the grinding fixture, and the grinding fixture rotates to have a positioning surface grinding state and a non-positioning surface grinding state. When it is in the positioning surface grinding state, the positioning surface station faces upward toward the grinding workpiece, and when it is in the non-positioning surface grinding state, the non-positioning surface station faces upward toward the grinding workpiece.
[0016] For example, at least one embodiment of this disclosure provides a connecting rod double-end face grinding apparatus, wherein when the grinding fixture is configured in a positioning surface grinding state and a non-positioning surface grinding state, the end faces of the large end and the small end on both sides of the connecting rod blank are at the same height before being ground; The rotating shaft of the grinding fixture is adjustable relative to the height of the turntable, so that when the connecting rods with different first height differences 'a' are ground, the end faces of the large and small ends on both sides of the connecting rod blank are adjusted to be at the same height before grinding.
[0017] According to another aspect, at least one embodiment of this disclosure provides a grinding method using the aforementioned connecting rod double-end face grinding apparatus. The locating surface station places the connecting rod blank and grinds the locating surfaces of the large and small ends. Then, the non-locating surface station places the connecting rod blank after the locating surface grinding is completed and grinds the non-locating surfaces of the large and small ends. The locating surface station and the non-locating surface station ensure that the end faces of the large and small ends on both sides of the connecting rod blank are at the same height before grinding.
[0018] The beneficial effects of the embodiments disclosed herein are as follows: This disclosure effectively avoids the impact of factors such as the accuracy of the positioning fixture, the effect of grinding wheel dressing, and the operator's skill level on the parallelism of the connecting rod end face by designing positioning and non-positioning surface stations and precisely controlling the grinding amount. This significantly improves the dimensional stability of the thickness difference between the small and large ends of the machined connecting rod, meeting the requirements of high-precision production. The design of a rotary table and grinding fixture enables continuous grinding of both the positioning and non-positioning surfaces of the connecting rod blank, reducing the multiple adjustments and clamping processes in traditional machining, greatly improving machining efficiency and overall machining efficiency. Attached Figure Description
[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this disclosure, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments of this disclosure will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some exemplary embodiments of this disclosure. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the content of the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure and these drawings without any creative effort.
[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the connecting rod in this disclosure; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a connecting rod double-end face grinding device in one embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 3 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the annular limiting ring in the embodiment; Figure 4 for Figure 3 A magnified schematic diagram of part A in the middle; Figure 5 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the grinding fixture in the embodiment; In the diagram: turntable 100, grinding fixture 200, positioning surface station 210, small-end positioning surface base 211, large-end positioning surface base 212, non-positioning surface station 220, small-end non-positioning surface base 221, large-end non-positioning surface base 222, small-end positioning block 230, large-end positioning clamping block 240, drive cylinder 250, grinding part 300, double-end grinding wheel 310, single-end grinding wheel 320, guide wheel 400, annular limit ring 500, clamping section 510, and releasing section 520. Detailed Implementation
[0021] The present disclosure will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present disclosure and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure.
[0022] To keep the drawings concise, each drawing only schematically shows the parts relevant to the disclosure; these do not represent the actual structure of the product. Furthermore, for ease of understanding, in some drawings, only one of components with the same structure or function is schematically shown, or only one is labeled. In this document, "one" not only means "only one," but can also mean "more than one," and "several" includes "two" and "more than two."
[0023] In this document, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linkage" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this disclosure based on the specific circumstances.
[0024] In this disclosure, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.
[0025] In the description of this embodiment, terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of description and simplification of operation, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this disclosure.
[0026] Furthermore, in the description of this application, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
[0027] like Figure 1 As shown, during the production of the connecting rod, the connecting rod is obtained by grinding the connecting rod blank. Both the connecting rod and the connecting rod blank have a large end and a small end. The end face of the large end of the connecting rod blank is coplanar with the end face of the small end or has a height difference. Taking coplanarity as an example, the end face of the large end of the connecting rod has a first height difference 'a' with the end face of the small end. When the connecting rod blank is ground to obtain the connecting rod, the grinding amount on both sides of the large end is x, and the grinding amount on both sides of the small end is y. The absolute value of the difference between x and y is equal to a.
[0028] like Figures 2-5 As shown, a connecting rod double-end face grinding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated. The grinding apparatus includes a turntable 100 and a grinding element 300. The turntable 100 has a grinding fixture 200, which has a positioning surface station 210 and a non-positioning surface station 220. The grinding element 300 is disposed above the turntable 100 and is used to grind the end faces of the large end and the small end of the connecting rod blank.
[0029] The positioning surface station 210 is used to place the connecting rod blank and grind the positioning surfaces of the big end and the small end. The non-positioning surface station 220 is used to place the connecting rod blank after the positioning surface grinding is completed and grind the non-positioning surfaces of the big end and the small end. The height of the positioning surface station 210 and the non-positioning surface station 220 is configured so that the end faces of the big end and the small end on both sides of the connecting rod blank are at the same height before being ground.
[0030] Positioning surface station 210 has a small-end positioning surface base 211 and a large-end positioning surface base 212, which are coplanar; non-positioning surface station 220 has a small-end non-positioning surface base 221 and a large-end non-positioning surface base 222, which have a second height difference b, where b = a; The height difference between the small-end positioning surface base 211 and the small-end non-positioning surface base 221 is c, where c = x; the height difference between the large-end positioning surface base 212 and the large-end non-positioning surface base 222 is d, where d = y.
[0031] For example, the grinding fixture 200 is mounted on the turntable 100, with its positioning surface station 210 and non-positioning surface station 220 on the turntable 100, to facilitate the processing of the connecting rod blank at different stages.
[0032] The positioning station 210 is equipped with a small-end positioning surface base 211 and a large-end positioning surface base 212, both located on the same plane. The surfaces of these two bases are machined to achieve a high degree of flatness, ensuring that when the connecting rod blank is placed on them, the positioning surfaces of the small and large ends are on the same reference plane, providing an accurate positioning basis for subsequent grinding. The shapes of the small-end positioning surface base 211 and the large-end positioning surface base 212 are adapted to the small and large ends of the connecting rod blank, and may have specific grooves or protrusions for more precise positioning of the connecting rod blank.
[0033] The non-locating surface station 220 has a small-end non-locating surface base 221 and a large-end non-locating surface base 222, with a second height difference b between them, where b = a. This means that at this station, the non-locating surfaces of the small and large ends of the connecting rod blank are adjusted to a suitable height difference before grinding to ensure that the non-locating surfaces of the small and large ends can be on the same reference plane and meet the final thickness difference requirements between the small and large ends of the connecting rod. Similarly, the surfaces of the small-end non-locating surface base 221 and the large-end non-locating surface base 222 are also machined to ensure flatness and dimensional accuracy.
[0034] By setting the small-end positioning surface base 211 and the large-end positioning surface base 212 of the positioning surface station 210 on the same plane, the connecting rod blank can remain horizontal when the positioning surface is ground at this station, and the positioning surfaces of the large end and the small end can be ground to a height difference of the first height difference a. At the non-positioning surface station 220, the height difference between the small-end non-positioning surface base 221 and the large-end non-positioning surface base 222 is set to be equal to the thickness difference a between the final small end and the large end of the connecting rod, ensuring that the connecting rod blank can continue to remain horizontal when grinding the non-positioning surface at this station.
[0035] The grinding part 300 is located above the rotary table 100 and typically consists of a high-precision grinding wheel and its drive unit. The grinding wheel is made of abrasive suitable for grinding connecting rod materials, such as corundum wheels, with its grit size and hardness selected according to the connecting rod material and machining requirements. The drive unit can precisely control the grinding wheel's rotational speed and feed rate to achieve precise grinding of the connecting rod blank end face.
[0036] The main function of the grinding part 300 is to grind the end faces of the large end and small end of the connecting rod blank placed on the turntable 100, so that the small end and the large end of the connecting rod have an accurate thickness difference.
[0037] During the loading and positioning surface grinding process, the connecting rod blank is first placed on the positioning surface station 210, with the small end placed on the small end positioning surface base 211 and the large end placed on the large end positioning surface base 212. Since the small end positioning surface base 211 and the large end positioning surface base 212 are coplanar, the positioning surfaces of the large and small ends of the connecting rod blank are at the same height before grinding. The grinding unit 300 is then started to grind the positioning surfaces of the large and small ends of the connecting rod blank simultaneously. Through precise control of the grinding amount, the grinding amount on both sides of the large end reaches x, and the grinding amount on both sides of the small end reaches y, ensuring that the flatness and height of the positioning surfaces meet the requirements.
[0038] After the locating surface grinding is completed, the connecting rod blank is placed in the non-locating surface station 220. At this time, the small end of the connecting rod blank is located on the small end non-locating surface base 221, and the large end is located on the large end non-locating surface base 222. Since the small end non-locating surface base 221 and the large end non-locating surface base 222 have a height difference b = a, the non-locating surfaces of the large end and small end of the connecting rod blank have the same height difference as the final connecting rod thickness difference before grinding. The grinding workpiece 300 is restarted, and the grinding wheel grinds the non-locating surfaces of the large end and small end of the connecting rod blank. By precisely controlling the grinding amount, the non-locating surfaces of the large end and small end reach the required dimensions, and the final connecting rod has an accurate first height difference a between the large end and small end, completing the grinding process of the entire connecting rod double end face.
[0039] By designing the positioning surface station 210 and the non-positioning surface station 220, and precisely controlling the grinding amount, the influence of factors such as the accuracy of the positioning fixture, the effect of grinding wheel dressing, and the operator's skill level on the parallelism of the connecting rod end face is effectively avoided. This significantly improves the dimensional stability of the thickness difference between the small and large ends of the machined connecting rod, meeting the requirements of high-precision production. The design of the rotary table 100 and the grinding fixture 200 enables continuous grinding of the positioning and non-positioning surfaces of the connecting rod blank, reducing the multiple adjustments and clamping processes in traditional machining, greatly improving machining efficiency and overall efficiency. The entire machining process has a high degree of automation, reducing reliance on the operator's skill level and lowering the operator's labor intensity.
[0040] When there is a height difference between the end face of the large end and the end face of the small end of the connecting rod blank, the fitting can be achieved simply by adjusting the height of the corresponding positioning surface station 210 and the non-positioning surface station 220. Compared with the existing technology of grinding the stepped connecting rod, which requires four specific calculations and four grinding operations on four surfaces, the technical solution of this embodiment allows the grinding device to be adapted regardless of whether the end face of the large end and the end face of the small end of the connecting rod blank are coplanar or have a height difference. It can also achieve simultaneous grinding of the large end and the small end of the stepped connecting rod, which is not only more efficient but also highly applicable.
[0041] In some examples, such as Figure 4 As shown, the grinding part 300 includes a double-ended grinding wheel 310 and a single-ended grinding wheel 320. Both the double-ended grinding wheel 310 and the single-ended grinding wheel 320 are located above the turntable 100, and their positions allow the grinding fixture 200 to pass through the double-ended grinding wheel 310 and the single-ended grinding wheel 320 sequentially. The grinding end face of the single-ended grinding wheel 320 is lower than the grinding end face of the double-ended grinding wheel 310. The double-ended grinding wheel 310 is configured such that its grinding range can simultaneously cover both the large end and the small end on one side of the connecting rod blank, thereby grinding both the large end and the small end on the same side of the connecting rod blank at the same time. The single-ended grinding wheel 320 is configured such that its grinding range can only cover either the large end or the small end on one side of the connecting rod blank, thereby grinding only one of the large end or the small end on the same side of the connecting rod blank.
[0042] For example, the double-ended grinding wheel 310, located above the turntable 100, is an annular grinding disc capable of simultaneously covering both the large and small ends of the connecting rod blank on one side. When the turntable 100 rotates, causing the connecting rod blank placed on the grinding fixture 200 to pass under the double-ended grinding wheel 310, the grinding disc of the double-ended grinding wheel 310 simultaneously grinds the positioning surfaces of the large and small ends on the same side of the connecting rod blank. Because its grinding range can simultaneously cover both the large and small ends, the machining consistency of the positioning surfaces of the large and small ends can be ensured in a single grinding process, effectively improving machining efficiency and also helping to guarantee accuracy.
[0043] The single-end grinding wheel 320 is also located above the turntable 100. Its structure is also a ring-shaped grinding disc, with a diameter that may be slightly smaller or equal to that of the double-end grinding wheel 310. The single-end grinding wheel 320 is mounted on a height-adjustable bracket, and its grinding end face is lower than that of the double-end grinding wheel 310. The specific height difference is determined based on the thickness difference between the small and large ends of the connecting rod blank and the processing requirements. The single-end grinding wheel 320 is also equipped with an independent drive motor, allowing for precise control of its speed and individual adjustment according to actual processing conditions.
[0044] After the connecting rod blank is ground by the double-end grinding wheel 310, the turntable 100 continues to rotate, and the connecting rod blank is conveyed to the area below the single-end grinding wheel 320. At this point, since the grinding range of the single-end grinding wheel 320 can only cover one side of the connecting rod blank (either the large end or the small end), and its grinding end face is relatively low, it can grind the end of the stepped connecting rod that needs to be lower, thus achieving stepped grinding. This design can precisely control the dimensions of the step, ensuring a step machining accuracy of ±0.025mm, effectively improving the machining quality of the stepped connecting rod.
[0045] During the grinding of the positioning surfaces, the connecting rod blank is first placed on the positioning surface station 210 of the grinding fixture 200 with the large and small end positioning surfaces facing upwards. The turntable 100 starts to rotate, gradually moving the connecting rod blank under the double-end grinding wheel 310. The double-end grinding wheel 310 rotates at high speed under the drive motor, grinding the large and small end positioning surfaces on the same side of the connecting rod blank. During the grinding process, the rotational speed, feed rate, and grinding time of the double-end grinding wheel 310 are precisely controlled to ensure that the grinding amount of the large and small end positioning surfaces meets the requirements, while ensuring the flatness and parallelism of the positioning surfaces.
[0046] Afterward, the turntable 100 continues to rotate, and the connecting rod blank moves to below the single-end grinding wheel 320. The single-end grinding wheel 320 grinds the end that needs to be lower, either the large end or the small end, according to a preset program. For example, for a connecting rod with a stepped small end that needs to be lower, the single-end grinding wheel 320 feeds and grinds the non-positioning surface of the small end, continuously grinding to complete the grinding of the non-positioning surface of the small end, thus achieving stepped grinding. Through this process, during one rotation of the turntable 100, the grinding of one side of the connecting rod blank is completed using the double-end grinding wheel 310 and the single-end grinding wheel 320, and the cycle time is reduced to less than 13 seconds.
[0047] By combining the double-end grinding wheel 310 and the single-end grinding wheel 320, the grinding of one side of the connecting rod blank is completed during the rotation of the turntable 100, which improves the processing efficiency and shortens the cycle time to less than 13 seconds. Compared with the traditional processing method, the production efficiency is significantly improved, which can meet the needs of large-scale production.
[0048] The double-end grinding wheel 310 simultaneously grinds the positioning surfaces of both the large and small ends, completing the full grinding of one end and half grinding of the other. The single-end grinding wheel 320 then grinds the other end to achieve complete grinding of that end. The single-end grinding wheel 320 grinds the step individually, precisely controlling the step dimensions to achieve a machining accuracy of ±0.025mm, end face flatness within 0.03mm, and end face parallelism within 0.05mm. This effectively improves the machining quality of the connecting rod and meets high-precision production requirements. The entire machining process is highly automated, reducing the impact of human factors on machining accuracy and further improving product quality stability.
[0049] In some examples, such as Figure 2 As shown, the grinding fixture 200 is arranged in several circumferential patterns, such as... Figure 4As shown, the grinding fixture 200 also includes a small-end positioning block 230, a large-end positioning clamping block 240, and a drive cylinder 250. Small-end positioning blocks 230 are positioned above both the small-end positioning surface base 211 and the small-end non-positioning surface base 221, and are used to clamp the small end of the connecting rod blank. Large-end positioning clamping blocks 240 are oscillatingly positioned above both the large-end positioning surface base 212 and the large-end non-positioning surface base 222. The large-end positioning clamping blocks 240 have a clamping state and a loosening state. In the clamping state, they can abut and clamp the large end of the connecting rod blank; in the loosening state, they can move away from the large end of the connecting rod blank. The drive cylinder 250 is mounted on the turntable 100 and hinged to the large-end positioning clamping block 240, and is used to drive the large-end positioning clamping block 240 to oscillate and clamp the large end of the connecting rod blank.
[0050] The grinding device also includes a guide wheel 400 and an annular limiting ring 500. The guide wheel 400 is mounted on the large-end positioning clamping block 240 and rolls along the annular limiting ring 500. The annular limiting ring 500 has a clamping section 510 and a loosening section 520. When the guide wheel 400 rotates with the turntable 100 and rolls to the clamping section 510, the guide wheel 400 pushes the large-end positioning clamping block 240 to maintain a clamped state. When it rolls to the loosening section 520, the guide wheel 400 pushes the large-end positioning clamping block 240 to maintain a loosened state.
[0051] For example, multiple grinding fixtures 200 are arranged in a circular pattern on the turntable 100. This layout allows for the continuous processing of multiple connecting rod blanks, improving processing efficiency. The spacing between the grinding fixtures 200 is designed based on the size of the connecting rod blank and the required operating space, ensuring that adjacent fixtures do not interfere with each other while being arranged as compactly as possible to increase the number of parts processed per unit time.
[0052] The circumferentially arranged grinding fixtures 200 enable continuous feeding, processing, and unloading of connecting rod blanks, forming an assembly line-style processing mode. During the rotation of the turntable 100, the grinding fixtures 200 at different positions pass sequentially through the double-end grinding wheel 310 and the single-end grinding wheel 320, achieving efficient grinding processing of multiple connecting rod blanks and improving the production capacity of the equipment.
[0053] Small-end positioning blocks 230 are respectively disposed above the small-end positioning surface base 211 and the small-end non-positioning surface base 221. The shape of the small-end positioning blocks 230 is adapted to the outer contour of the small end of the connecting rod blank, and has specific grooves or protrusions to accurately lock the small end of the connecting rod blank, preventing it from shifting during grinding. The small-end positioning blocks 230 are connected to the base by bolts or other fastening methods, and the position of the small-end positioning blocks 230 can be finely adjusted by adjusting the tightness of the bolts to accommodate connecting rod blanks of different specifications.
[0054] The main function of the small end positioning block 230 is to firmly hold the small end of the connecting rod blank during the grinding process, ensuring that the small end maintains a stable position during both the grinding of the positioning surface and the grinding of the non-positioning surface, thereby guaranteeing grinding accuracy. By accurately holding the small end, grinding errors caused by the small end wobbling or displacement are avoided, which helps to improve the machining quality of the connecting rod.
[0055] The large-end positioning clamping block 240 is oscillatingly positioned above the large-end positioning surface base 212 and the large-end non-positioning surface base 222. One end of the large-end positioning clamping block 240 is connected to the base via a pin or hinge, allowing it to oscillate around the connection point to achieve both clamping and releasing states. The clamping surface of the large-end positioning clamping block 240 matches the surface shape of the large end of the connecting rod blank, typically being a flat surface or a curved surface with a certain curvature, to ensure uniform pressure application during clamping and prevent deformation of the large end during grinding.
[0056] When clamped, the large-end positioning clamping block 240 abuts against and clamps the large end of the connecting rod blank, working together with the small-end positioning clamping block 230 to firmly fix the connecting rod blank on the grinding fixture, ensuring the stability of the large end during the grinding process. When released, it can move away from the large end of the connecting rod blank, facilitating loading and unloading. This swingable design makes clamping and unloading the connecting rod blank more convenient, improving processing efficiency.
[0057] A drive cylinder 250 is mounted on the turntable 100 and hinged to the large-end positioning clamping block 240. The drive cylinder 250 can be either a pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder, selected according to actual production needs and the working environment. The drive cylinder 250 provides power for the swinging of the large-end positioning clamping block 240, enabling it to reliably clamp the large end of the connecting rod blank. After the connecting rod blank is placed on the grinding fixture, the drive cylinder 250 is activated, pushing the large-end positioning clamping block 240 to swing to the clamping state, firmly clamping the large end and ensuring its stability during grinding. When machining is complete and the connecting rod blank needs to be removed, the drive cylinder 250 reverses its movement, causing the large-end positioning clamping block 240 to swing to the loosened state, facilitating the removal of the connecting rod blank.
[0058] The guide wheel 400 is mounted on the large-end positioning and clamping block 240. The annular limiting ring 500 is set around the turntable 100, and its shape is annular, matching the circumferential movement trajectory of the turntable 100. The annular limiting ring 500 has a clamping section 510 and a releasing section 520. The height or shape of these two sections of the guide rail are slightly different to achieve different functions on the guide wheel 400.
[0059] When the turntable 100 rotates, the guide wheel 400 rolls along the annular limiting ring 500 along with the large-end positioning clamping block 240. When the guide wheel 400 rolls to the clamping section 510, it is subjected to a force that pushes the large-end positioning clamping block 240 to remain in the clamped state, ensuring that the large end of the connecting rod blank is always firmly clamped during the grinding process. When the guide wheel 400 rolls to the loosening section 520, the structure of the loosening section 520 allows the guide wheel 400 to push the large-end positioning clamping block 240 to remain in the loosened state, facilitating the loading and unloading of the connecting rod blank. This design achieves automatic switching between the clamping and loosening states of the large-end positioning clamping block 240, further improving the automation and efficiency of the machining process.
[0060] During grinding, the turntable 100 continues to rotate, and the connecting rod blank, along with the grinding fixture 200, passes successively over the double-end grinding wheel 310 and the single-end grinding wheel 320. The double-end grinding wheel 310 grinds both the large end and the small end of the connecting rod blank on the same side simultaneously. Then, the single-end grinding wheel 320 grinds the end that needs to be lower, either the large end or the small end, to complete the step grinding. Throughout the grinding process, the small end positioning block 230 and the large end positioning clamping block 240, which is in a clamped state, ensure the stability of the connecting rod blank and ensure grinding accuracy.
[0061] Multiple grinding fixtures 200 are arranged in a circular pattern, enabling continuous processing of connecting rod blanks and greatly improving the equipment's production capacity. Simultaneously, the automatic clamping and releasing of the large-end positioning clamping block 240, and the cooperation between the guide wheel 400 and the annular limit ring 500, automate clamping and unloading, reducing manual operation time and further improving processing efficiency.
[0062] The small-end positioning block 230 and the large-end positioning clamping block 240 work together to firmly fix the connecting rod blank on the grinding fixture, effectively preventing displacement and deformation of the connecting rod during the grinding process and ensuring grinding accuracy. The step machining accuracy can be achieved to ±0.025mm, the end face flatness is controlled to within 0.03mm, and the end face parallelism is controlled to within 0.05mm, meeting the requirements of high-precision production.
[0063] The drive cylinder 250 provides a stable driving force to the large-end positioning and clamping block 240, ensuring reliable clamping of the large end. The cooperation between the guide wheel 400 and the annular limit ring 500 enables automatic switching of the state of the large-end positioning and clamping block 240, reducing manual intervention, improving the stability and reliability of equipment operation, and reducing the equipment failure rate.
[0064] In some examples, the grinding fixture 200 is rotatably configured, with the positioning surface station 210 and the non-positioning surface station 220 located on the upper and lower sides of the grinding fixture 200, respectively. The grinding fixture 200 rotates to have a positioning surface grinding state and a non-positioning surface grinding state. When it is in the positioning surface grinding state, the positioning surface station 210 faces upward toward the workpiece 300 being ground, and when it is in the non-positioning surface grinding state, the non-positioning surface station 220 faces upward toward the workpiece 300 being ground.
[0065] When the grinding fixture 200 is configured for both locating surface grinding and non-locating surface grinding, it ensures that the end faces of the large and small ends on both sides of the connecting rod blank are at the same height before grinding. The rotating shaft of the grinding fixture 200 is adjustable in height relative to the turntable 100, so that connecting rods with different first height differences 'a' can be adjusted to ensure that the end faces of the large and small ends on both sides of the connecting rod blank are at the same height before grinding.
[0066] For example, the grinding fixture 200 is mounted on the turntable 100 via a rotating shaft, allowing it to rotate relative to the turntable 100. Positioning surface station 210 and non-positioning surface station 220 are located on the upper and lower sides of the grinding fixture 200, respectively. The rotating shaft and the grinding fixture 200 are connected by an interference fit or a key to ensure that no relative displacement occurs between them during rotation.
[0067] The rotating structure design allows the grinding fixture 200 to switch between a locating surface grinding state and a non-locating surface grinding state. When in the locating surface grinding state, the locating surface station 210 faces upwards toward the workpiece 300, facilitating the grinding of the locating surface of the connecting rod blank. When in the non-locating surface grinding state, the non-locating surface station 220 faces upwards toward the workpiece 300, facilitating the grinding of the non-locating surfaces of the connecting rod blank. This eliminates the need for manual rotation of the connecting rod blank, improving the automation and efficiency of the machining process while reducing errors that may result from manual operation.
[0068] The rotating shaft of the grinding fixture 200 is height-adjustable relative to the turntable 100. Specifically, this can be achieved by installing a threaded adjusting sleeve on the turntable 100, through which the rotating shaft passes. Rotating the adjusting sleeve changes the height of the rotating shaft on the turntable 100. The adjusting sleeve has graduations to allow operators to precisely control the height adjustment. Alternatively, a hydraulic or pneumatic height adjustment device can be used, adjusting the height of the rotating shaft by controlling the pressure of hydraulic oil or compressed air. This method allows for more precise and convenient height adjustment.
[0069] Since different models of connecting rods may have different initial height differences 'a', by adjusting the height of the rotating shaft, the end faces of the large and small ends on both sides of the blank can be at the same height before grinding. This ensures that high-precision grinding can be performed on this processing device regardless of the type of connecting rod, improving the versatility and adaptability of the equipment and meeting diverse production needs.
[0070] During the positioning surface grinding, the connecting rod blank is placed on the grinding fixture 200, which is in the positioning surface grinding state, i.e., the positioning surface position 210 faces upward. The small end is held by the small end positioning block 230, and the large end positioning clamping block 240 is pressed by the drive cylinder 250. At this time, due to the design of the grinding fixture 200, the positioning surfaces of the large end and the small end on both sides of the connecting rod blank are at the same height before being ground. The turntable 100 rotates, driving the grinding fixture 200 and the connecting rod blank to pass through the double-end grinding wheel 310 and the single-end grinding wheel 320 in sequence, grinding the positioning surfaces of the large end and the small end on the same side of the connecting rod blank, realizing the step grinding on this side.
[0071] During non-locating surface grinding, after the locating surface grinding is completed, the turntable 100 continues to rotate. When the grinding fixture 200 reaches a specific position, it is driven by a motor, hydraulic, or pneumatic device to rotate 180° around the rotating shaft, switching to the non-locating surface grinding state, i.e., the non-locating surface station 220 faces upward. At this time, the non-locating surface of the connecting rod blank faces upward, and due to the previous adjustment of the rotating shaft height, the non-locating surfaces of the large and small ends on both sides of the connecting rod blank are also at the same height before being ground. The turntable 100 continues to drive the grinding fixture 200 and the connecting rod blank to move sequentially through the double-end grinding wheel 310 and the single-end grinding wheel 320, grinding the non-locating surfaces of the large and small ends on the same side of the connecting rod blank, realizing step grinding on this side.
[0072] When machining connecting rods with different initial height differences 'a', the height of the rotating shaft relative to the turntable 100 is adjusted according to the specific dimensions of the connecting rod to ensure that the end faces of the large and small ends on both sides of the connecting rod blank are at the same height before grinding. Then, the above-mentioned process of grinding the locating surface and the non-locating surface is repeated to achieve efficient and high-precision machining of different connecting rods.
[0073] The automatic rotation function of the grinding fixture 200 eliminates the need for manual intervention when switching between locating surface grinding and non-locating surface grinding, reducing manual operation steps, improving processing efficiency, reducing the risk of errors caused by manual operation, and further improving the stability of processing accuracy.
[0074] The adjustable height of the rotating shaft allows the machining device to adapt to the machining of connecting rods with different initial height differences ('a'), greatly enhancing the equipment's versatility. Enterprises no longer need to equip different processing equipment for connecting rods of different specifications, reducing production costs and improving equipment utilization.
[0075] Whether it is locating surface grinding or non-locating surface grinding, it can ensure that the end faces of the large end and small end on both sides of the connecting rod blank are at the same height before grinding. This ensures that the grinding amount of each end face of the connecting rod can be precisely controlled throughout the grinding process, thereby ensuring the consistency of machining accuracy and making the quality of the produced connecting rod more stable and reliable.
[0076] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this disclosure and are not intended to limit it. Although this disclosure has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of this disclosure without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of this disclosure, and all such modifications and substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of this disclosure.
Claims
1. A connecting rod double-end face grinding apparatus, wherein the connecting rod is obtained by grinding a connecting rod blank, both the connecting rod and the connecting rod blank have a large end and a small end, the end face of the large end of the connecting rod blank is coplanar with the end face of the small end or has a height difference, and the end face of the large end of the connecting rod has a height difference with the end face of the small end, characterized in that, include: A turntable (100) having a grinding fixture (200) having a locating surface station (210) and a non-locating surface station (220). Grinding part (300), the grinding part (300) is disposed above the turntable (100) and is used to grind the end faces of the large end and the small end of the connecting rod blank; The positioning surface station (210) is used to place the connecting rod blank and grind the positioning surfaces of the large end and the small end. The non-positioning surface station (220) is used to place the connecting rod blank after the positioning surface grinding is completed and grind the non-positioning surfaces of the large end and the small end. The heights of the positioning surface station (210) and the non-positioning surface station (220) are configured such that the end faces of the large end and the small end on both sides of the connecting rod blank are in the same plane or have a height difference before being ground.
2. The connecting rod double-end face grinding apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The end face of the large end of the connecting rod blank is coplanar with the end face of the small end. The end face of the large end of the connecting rod and the end face of the small end have a first height difference a. When the connecting rod blank is ground to obtain the connecting rod, the grinding amount on both sides of the large end is x, and the grinding amount on both sides of the small end is y. The absolute value of the difference between x and y is equal to a. The positioning surface station (210) has a small-head positioning surface base (211) and a large-head positioning surface base (212), and the small-head positioning surface base (211) and the large-head positioning surface base (212) are coplanar; the non-positioning surface station (220) has a small-head non-positioning surface base (221) and a large-head non-positioning surface base (222), and the small-head non-positioning surface base (221) and the large-head non-positioning surface base (222) have a second height difference b, b = a.
3. The connecting rod double-end face grinding apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The height difference between the small-head positioning surface base (211) and the small-head non-positioning surface base (221) is c, where c = x; the height difference between the large-head positioning surface base (212) and the large-head non-positioning surface base (222) is d, where d = y.
4. The connecting rod double-end face grinding apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The grinding part (300) includes: The double-ended grinding wheel (310) and the single-ended grinding wheel (320) are both located above the turntable (100), and their positions allow the grinding fixture (200) to pass through the double-ended grinding wheel (310) and the single-ended grinding wheel (320) in succession. The grinding end face of the single-end grinding wheel (320) is lower than that of the double-end grinding wheel (310). The double-end grinding wheel (310) is configured to have a grinding range that can simultaneously cover the large end and the small end on one side of the connecting rod blank, thereby grinding the large end and the small end on the same side of the connecting rod blank at the same time. The single-end grinding wheel (320) is configured to have a grinding range that can only cover the large end or the small end on one side of the connecting rod blank, thereby grinding only one of the large end or the small end on the same side of the connecting rod blank.
5. A connecting rod double-end face grinding apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, The grinding fixture (200) is arranged in a plurality of circumferentially, and the grinding fixture (200) further includes: Small end positioning block (230), the small end positioning surface base (211) and the small end non-positioning surface base (221) are both provided with the small end positioning block (230), the small end positioning block (230) is used to lock the small end of the connecting rod blank; The large-end positioning clamping block (240) is oscillatingly arranged above the large-end positioning surface base (212) and the large-end non-positioning surface base (222). The large-end positioning clamping block (240) oscillates to have a clamping state and a loosening state. When it is in the clamping state, it can abut against and clamp the large end of the connecting rod blank. When it is in the loosening state, it can leave the large end of the connecting rod blank.
6. A connecting rod double-end face grinding apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that, The grinding fixture (200) also includes: A drive cylinder (250) is mounted on the turntable (100) and hinged to the large-end positioning and clamping block (240). The drive cylinder (250) is used to drive the large-end positioning and clamping block (240) to swing and clamp the large end of the connecting rod blank.
7. A connecting rod double-end face grinding apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that, Also includes: Guide wheel (400), the guide wheel (400) is disposed on the large-head positioning and clamping block (240); An annular limiting ring (500) is provided, and the guide wheel (400) is rolled along the annular limiting ring (500). The annular limiting ring (500) has a pressing section (510) and a releasing section (520). When the guide wheel (400) rotates with the turntable (100) and rolls to the pressing section (510), the guide wheel (400) pushes the large-head positioning pressing block (240) to remain in a pressed state. When it rolls to the releasing section (520), the guide wheel (400) pushes the large-head positioning pressing block (240) to remain in a released state.
8. A connecting rod double-end face grinding apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The grinding fixture (200) is rotatably configured. The positioning surface station (210) and the non-positioning surface station (220) are located on the upper and lower sides of the grinding fixture (200), respectively. The grinding fixture (200) can rotate to have a positioning surface grinding state and a non-positioning surface grinding state. When it is in the positioning surface grinding state, the positioning surface station (210) faces upward toward the grinding workpiece (300). When it is in the non-positioning surface grinding state, the non-positioning surface station (220) faces upward toward the grinding workpiece (300).
9. A connecting rod double-end face grinding apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the grinding fixture (200) is configured in a locating surface grinding state and a non-locating surface grinding state, it can ensure that the end faces of the large end and the small end on both sides of the connecting rod blank are at the same height before being ground. The rotating shaft of the grinding fixture (200) is adjustable relative to the turntable (100) so that when the connecting rods with different first height differences a are ground, the end faces of the large end and the small end on both sides of the connecting rod blank are at the same height before being ground.
10. A grinding process, characterized in that, Using the connecting rod double-end face grinding apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the positioning surface station (210) places the connecting rod blank and grinds the positioning surfaces of the large end and the small end. Then, the non-positioning surface station (220) places the connecting rod blank after the positioning surface grinding is completed and grinds the non-positioning surfaces of the large end and the small end. The positioning surface station (210) and the non-positioning surface station (220) make the end faces of the large end and the small end on both sides of the connecting rod blank at the same height before being ground.