Device and method for adaptive impedance matching at the charging gun end of multi-gun parallel charging in electric vehicles

Abstract

This application discloses an apparatus and method for adaptive impedance matching at the charging gun end of a multi-gun parallel charging system for electric vehicles. The apparatus includes a charging station controller (TCU), at least two charging guns, and a vehicle battery management system (BMS), connected via a shared CAN bus network. Each charging gun is equipped with a charging control unit (CCU), a matching resistor, and a controlled resistor switching module. The specific method includes: the TCU designates the main charging gun; the main charging gun's CCU controls its matching resistor to connect to the bus, and after successful communication verification, sends a probe frame to the slave charging gun's CCU to establish a network; the slave charging gun's CCU controls its resistor to remain disconnected and responds to the network formation. During charging, only the matching resistor of the main charging gun is connected to the CAN bus. When the main charging gun experiences a non-serious fault, it stops charging but keeps its resistor connected until all slave charging guns have finished charging, thus maximizing the normal operation of the rest of the system and improving the stability and safety of multi-gun parallel charging.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of electric vehicle charging technology, and in particular to an apparatus and method for adaptive impedance matching at the charging gun end of a multi-gun parallel charging electric vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the electric vehicle industry, the demand for high-power charging is increasing, and multi-gun parallel charging technology has become the mainstream development direction due to its ability to significantly shorten charging time. However, existing multi-gun parallel charging technologies have the following drawbacks: 1. In existing solutions, multiple gun-end resistors are connected in parallel to the CAN bus during multi-gun parallel charging, leading to impedance mismatch at the CAN bus terminals, which causes control communication abnormalities and cannot stably support single-gun and multi-gun scenarios. 2. Existing solutions switch resistors before fully detecting the parallel charging scenario, which can easily lead to incorrect resistor switching due to scenario misjudgment, resulting in charging interruption or communication failure. 3. Existing solutions cannot quickly complete network confirmation for scenarios where charging guns are inserted simultaneously or sequentially, which may lead to incomplete identification of parallel charging gun groups or mode misjudgment. 4. There is a lack of information exchange mechanisms between multiple charging guns, making it difficult to synchronize key data such as power distribution, which can easily lead to power conflicts and settlement abnormalities. At the same time, when a single gun (especially the main control gun) fails, there is a lack of reasonable fault isolation and transition mechanisms, which often leads to interruption of the overall charging process, affecting system reliability and user experience.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an impedance matching solution for multi-gun parallel charging of electric vehicles that can adapt to the timing of gun insertion in all scenarios, achieve reliable collaborative control, and have fault handling capabilities. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides an apparatus and method for adaptive impedance matching at the charging gun end of multiple charging guns in electric vehicles, relating to the field of electric vehicle charging technology. The solution in this application configures each charging gun independently with a switchable matching resistor, and the charging station controller designates the main gun and controls only the main gun to engage the resistor. After completing communication verification with the vehicle, the main gun actively detects and forms a network, achieving master-slave collaborative charging. A differentiated fault handling mechanism is also employed, thus achieving adaptive impedance matching and highly reliable multi-gun parallel charging without modifying the vehicle's hardware. The specific technical solution is as follows:

[0005] In a first aspect, an adaptive impedance matching device for multi-gun parallel charging of an electric vehicle is provided, comprising: a charging station controller (TCU), at least two charging guns, and a vehicle battery management system (BMS). The at least two charging guns include one master charging gun and at least one slave charging gun. Each charging gun includes a charging control unit (CCU), a matching resistor, and a resistor switching module controlled by the corresponding CCU. The TCU, the CCUs of all the charging guns, and the BMS are all connected to the same controller area network (CAN bus). The TCU is used to designate the master charging gun from the at least two charging guns according to a preset strategy. The CCU of the main charging gun is used to connect the corresponding matching resistor to the CAN bus network through the corresponding resistor switching module. After the communication verification with the BMS is successful, it is also used to send a probe frame to the CCU of all the slave charging guns through the CAN bus network. The CCU of the slave charging gun is used to keep the corresponding matching resistor disconnected from the CAN bus network through the corresponding resistor switching module. After receiving the probe frame, it is also used to respond to the probe frame and network with the CCU of the main charging gun. During the charging process of the electric vehicle, only the matching resistor corresponding to the main charging gun is connected to the CAN bus network.

[0006] In conjunction with the first aspect, the CCU of the main charging gun includes a communication verification module. After the corresponding matching resistor is connected, the communication verification module is used to send a verification frame to the BMS through the CAN bus network, and to determine whether the communication link is normal based on the signal quality of the feedback signal from the BMS; the probe frame is sent only after the communication link is determined to be normal.

[0007] In conjunction with the first aspect, each charging gun also includes a charging connection confirmation CC detection module. The CC detection module is used to detect the insertion action and generate an insertion signal, and is connected to the corresponding CCU to notify the insertion event.

[0008] In conjunction with the first aspect, within a preset time after sending the probe frame, the CCU of the main charging gun is also used to receive a response. If no response is received, it is determined that the current mode is single-gun charging; if at least one response is received, it is determined that the current mode is multi-gun parallel charging. The CCU of the main charging gun is also used to establish a cooperative relationship with the CCU of the responding slave charging gun.

[0009] In conjunction with the first aspect, the CCU, in the multi-gun parallel charging mode, is also used to allocate charging power to the CCU of the slave charging gun via the CAN bus network based on the rated power information of the master charging gun and the slave charging gun.

[0010] In conjunction with the first aspect, the CCU also includes a fault handling module. When the main charging gun experiences a first fault of a predetermined type, the fault handling module controls the main charging gun to stop charging and keeps the corresponding matching resistor connected to the CAN bus network. After detecting that all the slave charging guns have stopped charging, the fault handling module controls the disconnection of the matching resistor corresponding to the main charging gun.

[0011] In conjunction with the first aspect, when multiple slave charging guns' CCUs simultaneously receive the probe frame, each slave charging gun's CCU, based on its corresponding charging gun identifier ID, sequentially sends a response frame to the master charging gun's CCU according to a predetermined sorting rule.

[0012] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the features in the various embodiments of the first aspect can be combined with each other, and any combination of features in different embodiments is also within the protection scope of this application. That is to say, the various embodiments described above can also be arbitrarily combined according to actual needs.

[0013] Secondly, a method for adaptive impedance matching at the charging gun end of a multi-gun parallel charging electric vehicle is provided, applicable to a system including a TCU, at least two charging guns, and a BMS. The at least two charging guns include a master charging gun and at least one slave charging gun. The method includes the following steps: the TCU determines the master charging gun according to a preset strategy; the CCU of the master charging gun controls the corresponding matching resistor to connect to the CAN bus network; the CCU of the master charging gun communicates and verifies with the BMS; after the communication verification is successful, the CCU of the master charging gun sends a probe frame to the CCUs of all slave charging guns through the CAN bus network; the CCU of each slave charging gun controls the corresponding matching resistor to remain disconnected from the CAN bus network and responds to the probe frame to network with the master charging gun; wherein, during the entire charging process of the electric vehicle, only the matching resistor of the master charging gun is connected to the CAN bus network.

[0014] In conjunction with the second aspect, the method also includes a fault handling step: if the main charging gun experiences a first fault of a predetermined type, the main charging gun is controlled to stop charging, while the corresponding matching resistor remains connected to the CAN bus network, and the slave charging gun continues charging; after all the slave charging guns have finished charging, the main charging gun disconnects the corresponding matching resistor.

[0015] In conjunction with the second aspect, the first fault includes: the gun tip temperature is lower than or equal to a first preset threshold, or the charging current fluctuation is lower than or equal to a second preset threshold.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] 1. By restricting the electric vehicle to only one matching resistor of the main charging gun connected to the CAN bus during the entire charging process, impedance matching of the CAN bus is achieved, avoiding impedance mismatch problems caused by multiple resistors in parallel, and ensuring the stability of communication with the vehicle BMS.

[0018] 2. By switching the resistor first and completing the vehicle-side communication verification before initiating the inter-gun detection, the technical solution can ensure that networking can be carried out after the communication link established by the main charging gun is normal, thus avoiding invalid detection or malfunction due to link abnormalities.

[0019] 3. By employing a CAN bus-based active transmission of probe frames, slave charging guns can respond to the master charging gun's network formation at any time while in a ready state. Combined with arbitration rules based on charging gun IDs, the conflict problem of multiple slave charging guns responding simultaneously can be resolved.

[0020] 4. By using the main charging gun CCU as the coordination center, efficient coordination of multi-gun charging in electric vehicles is achieved through unified management of interaction with the BMS and power allocation and command issuance to each slave charging gun. Specifically, in the event of the first failure of the main charging gun, the matching resistor in the main charging gun remains connected in the CAN bus, ensuring that the slave charging guns continue charging, thus improving the system's availability and robustness.

[0021] 5. All improvements in this application are implemented at the charging station gun and control system, without requiring any changes to the vehicle-side hardware of the electric vehicle, which facilitates the promotion and application of the solution. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system framework of the adaptive impedance matching device for multi-gun parallel charging of electric vehicles provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0024] Figure 2 This application provides a circuit structure for a resistor switching module.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the adaptive impedance matching method for multi-gun parallel charging guns in electric vehicles provided in this application embodiment.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of a method for handling multi-charging gun malfunctions provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of a computer device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a computer-readable storage medium provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the embodiments of this application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0030] It should be understood that "multiple" as mentioned in this application refers to two or more. In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, " / " indicates "or," for example, A / B can mean A or B; "and / or" in this document is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist, for example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Furthermore, to facilitate a clear description of the technical solutions of this application, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used to distinguish identical or similar items with essentially the same function and effect. Those skilled in the art will understand that the terms "first," "second," etc., do not limit the quantity or execution order, and that "first," "second," etc., do not necessarily imply differences.

[0031] The terms "one embodiment" or "some embodiments" used in this application mean that one or more embodiments of this application include the specific features, structures, or characteristics described in that embodiment. Therefore, the phrases "in one embodiment," "in some embodiments," "in other embodiments," "in still other embodiments," etc., appearing in different parts of this application do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, but rather mean "one or more, but not all, embodiments," unless otherwise specifically emphasized. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," and variations thereof mean "including but not limited to," unless otherwise specifically emphasized.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] This embodiment provides an apparatus and method for adaptive impedance matching at the charging gun end of a multi-gun parallel charging electric vehicle.

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system framework of the adaptive impedance matching device for multi-gun parallel charging of electric vehicles provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 1As shown, the system framework includes a vehicle-side Battery Management System (BMS), a terminal control unit (TCU), a Controller Area Network (CAN) bus communication network, a main charging gun, and slave charging guns. Both the main and slave charging guns include: a Connect Confirmation (CC) detection module, a Charging Control Unit (CCU), a gun-side control module, and a resistor switching module. The CCU includes a bus communication module, a communication verification module, an information interaction module, a gun-to-gun detection module, a master-slave control module, and a fault handling module; the resistor switching module includes a matching resistor.

[0035] In this embodiment, the BMS is the core control unit on the power receiving side of the electric vehicle during charging. It is responsible for detecting the battery status in the electric vehicle, sending charging requirements (such as voltage and current requirements), and managing the safety of the charging process. The BMS has a built-in standard CAN bus terminating resistor (e.g., a 120Ω resistor) as one end of the CAN bus communication network.

[0036] In this embodiment, the TCU is the central management unit of the charging pile, responsible for interacting with the backend system. When multiple charging guns are inserted, the TCU designates the main charging gun according to preset rules (such as the physical port order or configuration priority of the charging guns) and sends instructions to the main charging gun.

[0037] In this embodiment, the CAN bus network includes two shared communication buses (e.g., CAN_H line and CAN_L line) that connect the TCU, the CCU of all charging guns, and the BMS, serving as the transmission channel for all control commands, status data, and coordination information in the entire system framework.

[0038] In this embodiment, the system framework includes at least two independent charging guns. Based on instructions sent by the TCU, one charging gun is designated as the master charging gun, and the others are slave charging guns. Each charging gun includes the following functional modules: a CC detection module, a CCU, a gun-end control module, and a resistor switching module.

[0039] In this embodiment, the CC detection module is used to detect the physical connection status between the charging gun and the vehicle charging interface. Upon detecting a charging gun insertion action and a valid connection confirmation signal, a charging gun insertion signal is generated to trigger subsequent processing.

[0040] In this embodiment, the CCU is the control core of each charging gun, which can be implemented by a microcontroller (MCU) and the software logic running on it, and integrates the following key software function modules:

[0041] Bus communication module: Responsible for sending and receiving CAN messages and processing data link layer protocols, ensuring that the device can reliably access the CAN bus network and exchange data. For example, the bus communication module can use a CAN transceiver such as the TJA1050, with a preferred communication baud rate of 500kbps, supporting standards such as ISO 11898. This enables interconnection and communication between CCUs and information exchange between the CCUs and the BMS.

[0042] Communication verification module: Activated only after being designated as the main charging gun, it is responsible for verifying the link quality with the vehicle's BMS. By sending specific verification frames and analyzing the stability and correctness of the BMS response, it ensures the reliability of the communication link, laying the foundation for subsequent coordinated control. For example, the communication verification module receives feedback signals from the BMS. If the voltage fluctuation of the feedback signal does not exceed a preset value (e.g., 50mV), the communication is considered normal, and the verification result is fed back to the CCU and the charging gun control module.

[0043] Gun-to-Gun Detection Module: Instructs the main gun CCU to broadcast detection frames on the CAN bus communication network to acquire slave charging guns present in the CAN bus network and process their responses.

[0044] Master-Slave Control Module: This module defines the behavior mode of the CCU. If the charging gun is designated as the master gun, this module is responsible for negotiating the total power with the BMS, receiving slave gun data, calculating and allocating power commands to each gun, and acting as the central hub for coordinated control. If the charging gun is designated as a slave gun, this module is responsible for detecting master gun commands, reporting the status of the gun, and executing power allocation commands.

[0045] Information Interaction Module: Responsible for encapsulating and reporting the operating status data of this charging gun (such as output voltage / current, temperature, and fault codes), and receiving instructions and parameters from the TCU or the main charging gun. For example, the main charging gun's CCU sends instructions (such as instructions to start or stop the charging gun), power limit values, and charging serial numbers to the slave charging gun's CCU via the CAN bus; the slave charging gun's CCU summarizes information such as the meter's accumulated electricity consumption, charging pile number, and charging gun operating status back to the main charging gun's CCU via the CAN bus.

[0046] Fault handling module: This module identifies predetermined types of faults at the charging gun end (including first and second faults) and is responsible for handling these faults. For example, when a non-critical fault of a predetermined type (i.e., the first fault) occurs in the main charging gun, the fault handling module instructs the main charging gun to stop charging while maintaining the matching resistor connected, broadcasting the fault status, and only disconnecting the matching resistor after all charging from the charging guns has finished. This improves the system's availability and robustness.

[0047] In this embodiment, the resistor switching module includes a matching resistor (e.g., a standard 120Ω CAN terminating resistor) and a controlled electronic switch (e.g., an optocoupler module). The resistor switching module is controlled by the fault handling module and master-slave control module of the local gun's CCU, selectively connecting or disconnecting the matching resistor of the local gun from the CAN bus network.

[0048] In this embodiment, the gun-end control module can be controlled by the CCU to perform actions such as charging start / stop and power adjustment for the charging gun it is located in. For example, the gun-end control module works collaboratively with the CCU, integrating signals from various modules within the CCU to determine a logical schedule including switching, verification, detection, networking, coordination, and fault handling. The rules for this logical schedule include, for example, cooperating with the CCU to ensure that only one matching resistor is engaged in all charging guns, triggering inter-gun detection after resistor switching is completed, and maintaining impedance matching on the CAN bus during communication interactions with the CCU.

[0049] In this embodiment, the CAN interfaces of all modules (including TCU, charging gun CCU, and BMS) are connected in parallel to the same CAN bus network. The resistor switching module of each charging gun is connected across the two ends of the CAN bus network and can independently control the connection or disconnection of its matching resistor.

[0050] For example, only the CCU designated as the master charging gun by the TCU will command its resistor switching module to close, connecting the corresponding matching resistor to the network, while by default all resistor switching modules of slave charging guns remain disconnected. This matching resistor, together with the resistor built into the vehicle's BMS, constitutes the termination matching at both ends of the bus, ensuring stable impedance matching across the entire CAN bus network.

[0051] In the embodiments of this application, Figure 1 The system framework shown realizes impedance matching of the CAN bus communication network in the adaptive impedance matching device for multi-barrel parallel charging of electric vehicles by setting the control logic in the CCU of each charging gun and independently controlling the resistor switching module.

[0052] Figure 2 This application provides a circuit structure for a resistor switching module, which is applied to applications such as... Figure 1 The system framework diagram shown is as follows. Figure 2 As shown, the resistor switching module includes a matching resistor, control resistors (R1, R2, and R3), a power transistor Q1, and an optocoupler. The optocoupler includes two current loops: one loop, connected in series with the matching resistor, is connected to the CAN_H and CAN_L lines of the CAN bus network; the other loop is connected to the output of the power transistor Q1. The power transistor Q1, together with the control resistors R1, R2, and R3, forms an amplifier circuit. Under an input startup voltage (e.g., 5V), it amplifies the microprocessor control signal from the CCU and inputs it to the optocoupler, thereby controlling the connection or disconnection of the matching resistor in the CAN bus.

[0053] In this embodiment, the CCU of the main charging gun controls its optocoupler to close, connecting the matching resistor to the CAN bus; the CCU of the slave charging gun controls its optocoupler to remain open, disconnecting the matching resistor from the CAN bus.

[0054] For example, the matching resistor has a resistance of 120Ω to meet the requirements of CAN bus terminating resistors, such as those in the ISO 11898 standard. The power transistor Q1 can be a high-power metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), and the electro-optic coupler can be replaced with a switching transistor or a relay.

[0055] Figure 3 This is a schematic flowchart of the adaptive impedance matching method for multi-gun parallel charging of electric vehicles provided in this application embodiment. It is applied to, for example... Figure 1 The system framework diagram shown is illustrated below:

[0056] S101. Determination of plug-in gun and main charging gun.

[0057] In this embodiment, the charging gun is disconnected from the CAN bus by default before being inserted into the vehicle's charging port, and the corresponding communication module is in a low-power standby state.

[0058] After the charging gun is inserted into the vehicle's charging port, the CC detection module of each gun can detect changes in the CC signal, corresponding to the insertion action, generating an insertion signal and reporting it to its own CCU and TCU. The insertion signal is only used to inform the TCU that insertion is complete. The TCU determines the main charging gun according to a preset strategy (such as the default order of the main charging guns, or the order of the charging gun identifiers (IDs)), and sends a start command to the corresponding CCU via the CAN bus. The charging gun belonging to that CCU is the main charging gun.

[0059] S102. Switching the main charging gun resistor.

[0060] In this embodiment, after receiving a start command, the CCU of the master charging gun controls its resistor switching module to close, connecting its 120Ω matching resistor to the CAN bus network. At this time, the CCUs of other slave charging guns control their resistor switching modules to keep their matching resistors disconnected.

[0061] S103. Vehicle-side communication verification.

[0062] In this embodiment, the CCU of the main charging gun activates the communication verification module, which sends specific verification frames to the vehicle's BMS via the CAN bus (e.g., periodically sending data frames containing a specific identifier). The communication verification module detects the waveform quality of the BMS feedback signal, for example, determining whether the signal level fluctuation is within a preset allowable range (e.g., not exceeding 50mV). If the verification is normal, the communication link between the CCU and the BMS is determined to be successfully established, ensuring the reliability of CAN bus communication after the main charging gun resistor is engaged.

[0063] S104. Active detection and networking between guns.

[0064] In this embodiment, after successful communication verification, the CCU of the main charging gun activates the inter-gun detection module and broadcasts a detection frame via the CAN bus. This detection frame contains information such as the unique ID and rated power of the charging gun itself, and is transmitted only between the CCUs of each charging gun. All slave charging guns that have completed insertion and are in a ready state will receive this detection frame.

[0065] S105. Confirmation of charging gun response and mode.

[0066] In this embodiment, after receiving a probe frame from the CCU of the charging gun, it sends a response frame to the CCU of the main charging gun according to predetermined rules (e.g., immediate response, or arbitration based on ascending gun ID when multiple guns respond simultaneously). The CCU of the main charging gun can detect response frames within a preset time window (e.g., 500ms): if no response frame is received, it is determined to be in single-gun charging mode (i.e., only the main charging gun itself is working at this time); if at least one response frame is received, it is determined to be in multi-gun parallel charging mode, and a logical master-slave cooperative relationship is established with all responding slave charging gun CCUs to complete the network formation.

[0067] S106. Collaborative charging and information interaction.

[0068] In this embodiment, in the multi-gun parallel charging mode, the CCU of the main charging gun serves as the control center. This CCU receives the total charging demand from the BMS and calculates the power allocation value for each charging gun (including itself) based on its rated power information. This value is then sent to the corresponding charging gun's CCU via the CAN bus. Throughout the entire charging process of the electric vehicle, the CCUs of each slave charging gun can periodically (e.g., once per second) report their status data (such as real-time output current, voltage, power, temperature, etc.) to the main charging gun's CCU. After summarizing all the data, the main charging gun's CCU interacts with the BMS and reports it to the TCU for detection and billing. Simultaneously, the BMS can dynamically adjust the output power of each charging gun, and throughout the entire charging process of the electric vehicle, only the matching resistor of the main charging gun is connected to the CAN bus network.

[0069] S107. Troubleshooting and charging completion.

[0070] In this embodiment, the CCU of different charging guns is equipped with differentiated fault handling capabilities, specifically including:

[0071] If a non-serious fault occurs in the slave charging gun, such as slightly high temperature (e.g., exceeding the safe temperature (e.g., 55℃) but below or equal to the preset threshold (e.g., 60℃)) or slight fluctuation in charging current (e.g., the fluctuation range of charging current is below or equal to the second preset threshold (e.g., 10%)), the CCU of the slave charging gun will control the slave charging gun to stop charging and report the fault information to the CCU of the master charging gun via the CAN bus. Since the matching resistor of the slave charging gun is not connected to the CAN bus, this disconnection operation of the slave charging gun does not affect the impedance of the CAN bus, and other charging guns can continue to charge normally.

[0072] If a non-critical fault occurs in the main charging gun, its CCU will activate the fault handling module. The fault handling module will control the main charging gun to stop charging while maintaining the matching resistor connected to the CAN bus. Maintaining the matching resistor in the main charging gun ensures stable impedance matching at the CAN bus terminals, guaranteeing uninterrupted communication between all slave charging guns and the BMS. The main charging gun's CCU will continuously monitor the status of the slave charging guns. All slave charging guns can charge according to the predetermined power allocation scheme until they are fully charged or receive a stop command from the TCU. Once the main charging gun's CCU confirms that all slave charging guns have stopped charging, it will control its resistor switching module to disconnect the matching resistor. Finally, the main charging gun's CCU can summarize the total data from this multi-gun parallel charging and report it to the TCU, resetting the system.

[0073] If a serious malfunction occurs in any charging gun, such as a short circuit, overvoltage, or temperature exceeding a first preset threshold (e.g., 60°C), the CCU of the main charging gun will immediately trigger an emergency stop command, interrupting the charging process of all charging guns and performing safety isolation.

[0074] Based on the steps S101-S107 above, the technical solution provided by this application is based on collaborative control logic, which avoids startup failure caused by impedance mismatch and communication conflict when charging multiple guns in parallel; the networking mechanism provided by this application can be compatible with complex scenarios where guns are plugged in simultaneously or sequentially in practical applications; the hierarchical fault handling strategy provided by this application can ensure local isolation and continuous system operation under non-serious faults, improve the reliability, compatibility and availability of the multi-gun charging system, thereby improving charging efficiency and user experience.

[0075] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of a method for handling multi-charging gun malfunctions provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 4 As shown, this process begins with the main charging gun detecting a non-critical fault within itself, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0076] S201. Fault Triggering and Judgment.

[0077] In this embodiment, the fault diagnosis module in the CCU can monitor key parameters of the charging gun in real time, and trigger a fault handling process when an abnormality is detected in a key parameter. The fault diagnosis module can determine whether the fault type belongs to a predetermined type of non-serious fault (i.e., the first fault) or a serious fault (i.e., the second fault). Non-serious faults typically include:

[0078] 1. The temperature of key components at the charging gun end (such as power connectors and cables) exceeds the safe temperature but does not reach the first preset threshold, such as the gun end temperature being greater than the safe temperature of 55°C but less than the first preset threshold of 60°C.

[0079] 2. If the output current or voltage of the charging gun fluctuates or deviates slightly, such as if the fluctuation of the charging current is lower than or equal to the second preset threshold (e.g., 10%) and the duration is short, it can be recovered.

[0080] 3. Faults such as auxiliary power fluctuations and decreased fan efficiency, which do not affect the safety of the main power circuit of the charging gun, but may affect long-term reliability, are detected.

[0081] In the embodiments of this application, serious faults typically include: the charging gun experiencing a short circuit, overvoltage, temperature exceeding a first preset threshold (e.g., 60°C), and charging current fluctuations exceeding a second preset threshold that cannot be recovered for an extended period.

[0082] In this embodiment, when a main charging gun malfunction is detected, the fault handling module of the CCU can control the power output module of the main charging gun to disconnect and stop power transmission, while keeping the 120Ω matching resistor in the resistor switching module connected to the CAN bus.

[0083] In this embodiment of the application, when a serious malfunction is detected in any charging gun, the CCU of the main charging gun will immediately trigger an emergency stop command, interrupt the charging process of all charging guns, and perform safety isolation.

[0084] S202. Main charging gun waits for charging to finish and status broadcast.

[0085] In this embodiment, after detecting the first fault, the CCU of the main charging gun can mark its own status as waiting for charging to end, and broadcast the status frame of the main charging gun fault to all CCUs and TCUs of the slave charging guns via the CAN bus network. The status frame may include: faulty gun ID, fault type code (indicating that the main charging gun has a non-serious fault), and current status (such as indicating that the main charging gun has stopped charging and the matching resistor remains connected).

[0086] In this embodiment, the status frame can also inform other parts of the system that the CAN bus network maintains impedance matching. Although the charging function of the main charging gun is disabled (i.e., it stops charging itself), the scheduling operation of each charging gun can still be realized through the CAN bus network.

[0087] S203. Continuous operation of the charging gun and information transmission.

[0088] In this embodiment, after receiving a status frame indicating a standby fault in the main charging gun, the CCU of each slave charging gun can activate auxiliary logic, such as: charging according to the effective power command allocated by the main charging gun before the fault; switching the receiving target of the periodically reported status data (power, temperature, etc.) from the original main charging gun CCU to the TCU, or switching to a pre-designated backup device module. The TCU can temporarily assume the functions of data aggregation and detection; the CCU of the slave charging gun can strengthen the parameter detection of its own gun, etc.

[0089] S204. Determination and triggering of charging completion.

[0090] In this embodiment, the charging termination conditions include natural termination and command termination. Natural termination includes: all charging guns successively completing charging according to BMS requirements and reporting the charging completion status; command termination includes: the TCU broadcasting a command to stop charging to all charging guns according to operational needs (such as user manual stop, billing policies, etc.).

[0091] In this embodiment of the application, when the system (such as TCU or main gun CCU) determines that all slave charging guns have stopped outputting, the final stage of the process is triggered.

[0092] S205. Main charging gun safety reset and resource release.

[0093] In this embodiment, after confirming that all slave guns have stopped, the TCU or the CCU of the main charging gun sends a reset command to the CCU of the main charging gun. Upon receiving the reset command, the CCU of the main charging gun performs the following sequential operations: controlling the resistor switching module of the main charging gun to disconnect the 120Ω matching resistor from the CAN bus network; executing the safe power-down sequence of the main charging gun; and summarizing and reporting the fault event, the detection data during the waiting period, and the final system status to the TCU for maintenance analysis.

[0094] At this point, the system has safely exited the multi-barrel charging task, and all charging units have returned to their initial standby state, awaiting the next charging task.

[0095] Based on the steps S201-S205 above, the multi-charging gun failure handling method provided in this application has the following advantages: The method provided in this application ensures that healthy slave charging guns can complete the predetermined charging tasks by isolating the master charging gun failure and maintaining the function of the CAN bus network, minimizing the scope of the failure's impact and improving the overall operational efficiency of the charging pile; Based on the principle of resistor management, it avoids CAN bus communication chaos or interruption caused by removing resistors without confirmation, ensuring that the exchange of key status information between the slave charging gun and BMS / TCU is always reliable throughout the entire failure handling process; This application clarifies the handling logic flow of each participant (master charging gun, slave charging gun, and TCU) after the master charging gun failure, improving the user experience.

[0096] Example 2

[0097] This embodiment illustrates two specific multi-gun parallel charging scenarios, specifically including:

[0098] 1) Simultaneous insertion and charging of both guns.

[0099] This embodiment simulates the situation where two charging guns (denoted as the first charging gun Gun_A and the second charging gun Gun_B) are simultaneously inserted into the charging interface of an electric vehicle.

[0100] In this embodiment, the user simultaneously inserts Gun_A and Gun_B into two vehicles. The CC detection modules of the two guns respectively detect the connection confirmation signal and generate a gun insertion completion event, which is reported to their respective CCUs and pile-end controllers TCUs.

[0101] Upon receiving two simultaneous charging gun insertion events, the TCU executes a preset master charging gun arbitration algorithm. For example, based on the physical port numbers of the guns (e.g., Gun_A port ID is 1, Gun_B port ID is 2), it determines that Gun_A, with the smaller number, is the master charging gun, and Gun_B is the slave charging gun. The TCU then sends a command to the CCU of Gun_A to activate the master charging gun via the CAN bus.

[0102] After receiving the instruction, Gun_A's CCU controls its resistor switching module to close, connecting its 120Ω matching resistor to the CAN bus network. Subsequently, Gun_A's CCU initiates the communication verification process with the BMS, periodically sending verification frames and analyzing the quality of the BMS's response signals until the link is confirmed to be stable and reliable (e.g., sending three consecutive verification frames with normal responses within the verification period). During this process, Gun_B's CCU keeps its matching resistor disconnected.

[0103] After successful communication verification, Gun_A's CCU broadcasts a probe frame containing its own ID on the CAN bus. Upon receiving this probe frame, Gun_B's CCU, following preset conflict avoidance rules (such as calculating a random delay based on its own ID), sends a response frame to Gun_A's CCU after the delay ends. If Gun_A's CCU successfully receives Gun_B's response within a detection window (e.g., 500ms), it confirms entry into the multi-gun charging mode and establishes a logical master-slave cooperative relationship with Gun_B's CCU.

[0104] After the network is established, Gun_A's CCU acts as the control center, reporting the total charging capacity to the BMS, receiving charging requests, and calculating and allocating power based on the rated power information of the two charging guns (assuming both are 60kW) (e.g., allocating 30kW to each charging gun). During charging, Gun_B's CCU reports the operating data to Gun_A's CCU for aggregation and synchronization.

[0105] 2) The main charging gun is inserted first and then the charging gun is inserted after it to join the parallel charging scenario.

[0106] This embodiment simulates a scenario where the system dynamically expands from a single-gun charging mode to a multi-gun parallel charging mode.

[0107] At the start of charging, only Gun_A was plugged into the vehicle and designated as the main charging gun. After completing resistor switching and vehicle-side verification, Gun_A did not receive a response after sending a probe frame, so it charged normally in single-gun charging mode.

[0108] During the charging process of Gun_A, Gun_B is inserted into the charging port on the vehicle side. Gun_B's CCU detects the insertion and reports it to the TCU. The TCU recognizes that an active master gun Gun_A already exists in the system, marks Gun_B as a slave charging gun, and sends a notification message to Gun_A's CCU via the CAN bus network.

[0109] Gun_A's CCU can rebroadcast the probe frame after receiving a notification or being triggered by a periodic timer. Gun_B's CCU, which is in a ready state at this time, will respond immediately upon receiving the probe frame. Gun_A's CCU, upon receiving the response, can switch from single-gun charging mode to multi-gun charging mode.

[0110] In this process, Gun_A's CCU interacts with the BMS to update the system charging mode to a multi-gun parallel charging model and redetermine the total charging power. Subsequently, the BMS can reallocate power based on the current state of the two guns (e.g., adjusting Gun_A's power from 60kW to 45kW and allocating 15kW to Gun_B), and issue a command to initiate Gun_B's charging process. Afterward, the system enters a dual-gun collaborative charging state.

[0111] During the charging process in any of the above embodiments, if a non-critical fault occurs in the main charging gun Gun_A (for example, its internal temperature sensor detects that the temperature at the gun tip rises to 58°C, exceeding the safe temperature of 55°C but not reaching the critical fault threshold of 60°C (i.e., the first preset threshold)), the fault handling module of Gun_A's CCU is activated, controlling Gun_A to stop power output, but keeping its 120Ω matching resistor continuously connected to the CAN bus, and simultaneously broadcasting a status frame indicating that the main charging gun is in standby mode due to a fault. After receiving the status frame, the CCU of the secondary charging gun Gun_B maintains the existing charging parameters and continues charging until it completes its own charging or receives a stop command.

[0112] Once Gun_A's CCU detects that Gun_B has completely finished charging, Gun_A's CCU then controls its resistor switching module to disconnect the matching resistor, thus completing the system's safe power-down process.

[0113] This embodiment describes only one slave charging gun Gun_B as an example. In specific multi-gun parallel charging scenarios, there may be more slave charging guns Gun_B, with each slave charging gun performing the same processing flow. This application embodiment does not limit the total number of at least two charging guns.

[0114] Through the above two implementation methods and corresponding fault handling procedures, the solution of this application can reliably cope with the insertion timing of guns in all scenarios, realize impedance management, complete the coordinated control of multi-gun charging, and maintain the maximum availability of the rest of the system when a specific fault occurs in the main control unit, thereby improving the reliability, compatibility and user experience of the multi-gun charging system.

[0115] Example 3

[0116] This embodiment provides a computer device and a computer storage medium for executing the above-described adaptive impedance matching method for multi-gun parallel charging terminals of electric vehicles, specifically including:

[0117] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of a computer device provided in an embodiment of this application. The computer device 500 may include the aforementioned... Figure 1 The system framework of the adaptive impedance matching device for multi-gun parallel charging in electric vehicles is shown. Figure 5 As shown, the computer device 500 includes: a processor 501, a memory 502, a communication module 504, and a computer program 503 stored in the memory 502 and executable on the processor 501. When the processor 501 executes the computer program 503, it implements the aforementioned... Figure 3 The steps S101-S107 are shown. For example, the computer program 503 described above can be divided into one or more units / modules, which are stored in the memory 502 and executed by the processor 501 to complete this application.

[0118] The aforementioned one or more units / modules may be a series of computer program instruction segments capable of performing specific functions. These instruction segments describe the execution process of the aforementioned computer program 503 in the aforementioned computer device 500. For example, the aforementioned computer program 503 may be used to execute an adaptive impedance matching method for the multi-gun parallel charging end of an electric vehicle. Its specific functions or methods have been described in the above embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0119] Those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 5 This is merely an example of computer device 500 and does not constitute a limitation on computer device 500. It may include more or fewer components than shown, or combine certain components, or different components. For example, the computer device 500 described above may also include input / output devices, network access devices, buses, etc.

[0120] The processor 501 mentioned above can be a central processing unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.

[0121] In some embodiments, the processor 501 may include one or more interfaces. These interfaces may include: an internal integrated circuit I2C interface, an integrated circuit built-in audio bus I2S interface, a pulse code modulation (PCM) interface, a universal asynchronous transceiver (URAT) interface, a mobile industry processor MIPI interface, a general purpose input / output (GPIO) interface, an on-board diagnostic (OBD) interface, and / or a universal serial bus (USB) interface, etc. It is understood that the interface connection relationships between the modules illustrated in the embodiments of this application are merely illustrative and do not constitute a structural limitation on the computer device 500. In other embodiments of this application, the computer device 500 may also employ different interface connection methods or combinations of multiple interface connection methods as described in the above embodiments.

[0122] In some embodiments, the computer device 500 can connect internal devices and modules through one or more interfaces. The aforementioned memory 502 can be an internal storage unit of the computer device 500, such as a hard disk or RAM. The aforementioned memory 502 can also include both internal storage units and external storage devices. The aforementioned memory 502 is used to store the aforementioned computer program and other programs and data required by the computer device 500. The aforementioned memory 502 can also be used to temporarily store data that has been output or will be output.

[0123] Communication module 504 can provide solutions for wireless communication applications on computer device 500, including Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), Bluetooth (BT), Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), Frequency Modulation (FM), Near Field Communication (NFC), and Infrared (IR). Communication module 504 can be one or more devices integrating at least one communication processing module. The communication module receives electromagnetic waves via an antenna, demodulates and filters the electromagnetic wave signals, and sends the processed signals to processor 501. Communication module 504 can also receive signals to be transmitted from processor 501, frequency modulate and amplify them, and then convert them into electromagnetic waves for radiation via the antenna.

[0124] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the above-described division of functional units and modules is used as an example. In practical applications, the above functions can be assigned to different functional units and modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the above equipment can be divided into different functional units or modules to complete all or part of the functions described above.

[0125] The functional units and modules in the embodiments can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or in the form of software functional units.

[0126] In the embodiments of this application, the specific names of each functional unit and module are only for easy distinction and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. It should be understood that each step in the above-described method embodiments provided in this application can be completed by the integrated logic circuits in the processor hardware or by instructions in software form. The method steps disclosed in the embodiments of this application can be directly manifested as being executed by a hardware processor, or being executed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the processor.

[0127] This application also provides a computer program product, which includes: a computer program (also referred to as code or instructions) that, when the computer program is run, causes the computer to execute the adaptive impedance matching method for the multi-gun parallel charging gun end of the electric vehicle in the above embodiments.

[0128] The various embodiments of this application can be combined arbitrarily to achieve different technical effects.

[0129] In the embodiments provided in this application, implementation can be achieved, in whole or in part, through software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using software, it can be implemented, in whole or in part, in the form of a computer program product.

[0130] The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When these computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in this application are generated. The computer may be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device.

[0131] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program (also referred to as code or instructions). When the computer program is run, it causes the computer to perform the method executed by the computer device in any of the foregoing embodiments.

[0132] Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of a computer-readable storage medium provided in an embodiment of this application. For example... Figure 6 As shown, the computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means.

[0133] The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can access, or a data storage device such as a server or data center that integrates one or more available media. The available medium can be magnetic media (e.g., floppy disks, hard disks, magnetic tapes), optical media (e.g., Digital Universal Optical Discs, DVDs), or semiconductor media (e.g., solid-state drives, SSDs), etc.

[0134] Those skilled in the art will understand that implementing all or part of the processes in the foregoing embodiments can be accomplished by a computer program instructing related hardware. This program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, it can include the processes described in the foregoing method embodiments. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as ROM or RAM, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0135] In summary, the above description is merely an embodiment of the technical solution of this application and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made based on the disclosure of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A device for adaptive impedance matching at the charging gun end of a multi-gun parallel charging station for electric vehicles, characterized in that, include: The charging station includes a charging unit (TCU), at least two charging guns, and a vehicle battery management system (BMS), wherein the at least two charging guns include a main charging gun and at least one slave charging gun. Each of the charging guns includes a charging control unit (CCU), a matching resistor, and a resistor switching module controlled by the corresponding CCU. The TCU, the CCU of all the charging guns, and the BMS are all connected to the same Controller Area Network (CAN bus network). The TCU is used to designate the main charging gun from the at least two charging guns according to a preset strategy. The CCU of the main charging gun is used to connect the corresponding matching resistor to the CAN bus network through the corresponding resistor switching module, and after the communication verification with the BMS is passed, it is also used to send a probe frame to the CCU of all the slave charging guns through the CAN bus network. Within a preset time after the CCU of the main charging gun sends the detection frame, the CCU of the main charging gun is also used to receive a response. If no response is received, it is determined that the current mode is single-gun charging. If at least one response is received, it is determined that the current mode is multi-gun parallel charging. The CCU of the main charging gun is also used to establish a cooperative relationship with the CCU of the responding slave charging gun, and to allocate charging power to the CCU of the slave charging gun through the CAN bus network according to the rated power information of the main charging gun and the slave charging gun. The CCU of the slave charging gun is used to keep the corresponding matching resistor disconnected from the CAN bus network through the corresponding resistor switching module, and after receiving the probe frame, it is also used to respond to the probe frame and network with the CCU of the master charging gun; When multiple slave charging guns' CCUs simultaneously receive the detection frame, each slave charging gun's CCU, based on its corresponding charging gun identifier ID, sequentially sends a response frame to the master charging gun's CCU according to a predetermined sorting rule. During the charging process of an electric vehicle, only the matching resistor corresponding to the main charging gun is connected to the CAN bus network.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The CCU of the main charging gun includes a communication verification module. After the corresponding matching resistor is connected, the communication verification module is used to send a verification frame to the BMS through the CAN bus network, and to determine whether the communication link is normal based on the signal quality of the feedback signal from the BMS. The communication verification module is used to send the probe frame only after determining that the communication link is normal.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the charging guns also includes a charging connection confirmation CC detection module, which is used to detect the insertion action and generate an insertion signal, and is connected to the corresponding CCU to notify the insertion event.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The CCU also includes a fault handling module. When the main charging gun experiences a first fault of a predetermined type, the fault handling module controls the main charging gun to stop charging and keeps the corresponding matching resistor connected to the CAN bus network. After detecting that all the slave charging guns have stopped charging, the fault handling module is also used to control the disconnection of the matching resistor corresponding to the master charging gun.

5. A method for adaptive impedance matching at the charging gun ends of a multi-gun parallel charging system for electric vehicles, applied to a system including a TCU, at least two charging guns, and a BMS, wherein the at least two charging guns include a main charging gun and at least one slave charging gun, characterized in that... Applied to the apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 4, the method comprises: The TCU determines the main charging gun according to a preset strategy; The CCU of the main charging gun controls the corresponding matching resistor to connect to the CAN bus network. The CCU of the main charging gun communicates and verifies with the BMS; After the communication verification is successful, the CCU of the main charging gun sends a probe frame to the CCU of all the slave charging guns through the CAN bus network; The matching resistor corresponding to the CCU control of each of the slave charging guns remains disconnected from the CAN bus network and responds to the probe frame to network with the master charging gun; During the entire charging process of the electric vehicle, only the matching resistor of the main charging gun is connected to the CAN bus network.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The method also includes fault handling steps: If the main charging gun experiences a first type of predetermined fault, the main charging gun is controlled to stop charging, while the corresponding matching resistor remains connected to the CAN bus network, and the slave charging gun continues charging. After all the charging from the charging gun is completed, the main charging gun disconnects the corresponding matching resistor.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first fault includes: the gun tip temperature is lower than or equal to a first preset threshold, or the charging current fluctuation is lower than or equal to a second preset threshold.

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