Bidirectional separation type composite material pressure-resistant cylindrical shell structure of underwater vehicle

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of underwater deep-sea underwater vehicles, and particularly relates to an underwater vehicle two-way separation type composite material pressure-resistant cylindrical shell structure which comprises a supporting truss and a cylindrical shell. The supporting truss comprises a plurality of annular ribs arranged at intervals in the longitudinal direction and supporting components connected with the annular ribs in series. The cylindrical shell comprises two annular fiber surface layers and a longitudinal large-tow fiber core layer located between the two surface layers, and the thicknesses of the cylindrical shell in the axial direction are the same or different. According to the bidirectional separation type composite material pressure-resistant cylindrical shell structure of the underwater vehicle, the longitudinal pressure bearing state and the annular pressure bearing state are separated, the excellent tensile strength of large-tow fibers can be fully utilized, and the problems that a traditional metal cylindrical shell is large in weight, and the utilization rate of composite material cylindrical shell fibers is low are solved; and the technical requirements of the underwater vehicle on high strength, high safety, light weight and low cost of the pressure-resistant cylindrical shell are met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of underwater deep-sea submersibles, specifically relating to a two-way separable composite material pressure-resistant cylindrical shell structure for submersibles. Background Technology

[0002] As the core load-bearing component of the pressure cabin of a submersible, the pressure hull directly determines the submersible's operational capability and safety performance in deep-sea environments. Its core mission is to continuously maintain structural integrity, mechanical stability, and sealing reliability under the high pressure of the deep sea, providing a safe protective space for the equipment and payloads inside the cabin. In the complex working conditions of the deep sea, the pressure hull must withstand multiple forces such as hydrostatic pressure, navigation disturbance loads, and marine environmental corrosion over long periods, placing stringent requirements on material properties and structural design.

[0003] Traditional submersible pressure hulls are generally made of metal materials, with steel, aluminum alloys, and titanium alloys being the mainstream materials. The structural form is primarily a ring-ribbed cylindrical hull. This type of metal pressure structure has been widely used in the submersible field for a long time due to its mature manufacturing process and excellent mechanical strength, meeting the pressure resistance requirements for operations in shallow or conventional waters. However, the inherent high density of metal materials results in a large structural weight, which not only limits the submersible's endurance and maneuverability but also increases the overall deployment difficulty, making it difficult to adapt to the technological trends of modern submersibles towards deeper water, lighter weight, and longer range.

[0004] With the continuous advancement of composite material technology, composite materials, possessing outstanding advantages such as high specific strength, excellent specific modulus, low magnetism, corrosion resistance, and strong design flexibility, are gradually becoming ideal replacement materials for pressure-resistant structures in submersibles, providing an effective way to solve the weight bottleneck of traditional metal structures. Currently, the manufacturing processes of composite pressure-resistant shells mainly involve lamination and winding processes. These processes form a load-bearing structure through the composite of fibers and the matrix, achieving a balance between structural lightweighting and pressure resistance to a certain extent. However, under the complex loads of deep-water high-pressure environments, existing composite shells still face significant technical challenges: fibers are prone to buckling deformation under high-pressure compression, and delamination failure occurs at interlaminar interfaces due to shear stress concentration. These problems directly lead to a decrease in structural load-bearing capacity and insufficient stability, severely restricting the large-scale application of composite pressure-resistant shells in deep-water submersibles. These issues urgently need to be addressed through material system optimization, structural design innovation, and manufacturing process upgrades. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention provides a two-way separable composite pressure-resistant cylindrical shell structure for submarines, which can effectively solve the problems in the background art.

[0006] This invention provides a two-way separable composite pressure-resistant cylindrical shell structure for a submarine, comprising a support truss and a cylindrical shell;

[0007] The supporting truss includes a number of ring ribs spaced apart along the longitudinal direction, and supporting members that connect the ring ribs in series.

[0008] The cylindrical shell comprises two circumferential fiber outer layers and a longitudinal large filament fiber core layer located between the two outer layers. The cylindrical shell may have the same or different thicknesses along the axial direction.

[0009] The supporting truss is fitted over the cylindrical shell, or the cylindrical shell is fitted over the supporting truss, with a gap between the supporting truss and the cylindrical shell.

[0010] As a further optimization of the present invention, flanges are provided at both ends of the support truss, and anchoring holes are provided on the flanges; the fiber bundles of the core layer pass through the anchoring holes and are anchored to the flanges.

[0011] As a further optimization of the present invention, a stop strip is provided at the connection between the cylindrical shell and the flange, and the stop strip and the connection between the cylindrical shell and the flange are filled with sealing putty.

[0012] As a further optimization of the present invention, the core layer adopts a multi-layered structure, and the arrangement direction of the large filaments in each layer is consistent or inconsistent.

[0013] As a further optimization of the present invention, a functional layer is also provided. The functional layer is made of buoyancy material, damping material or sound-absorbing material. The functional layer is provided in the surface layer, core layer, between the surface layer and the core layer or in the gap between the supporting truss and the cylindrical shell.

[0014] As a further optimization of the present invention, the support truss is made of alloy steel, aluminum alloy, titanium alloy or fiber-reinforced composite material.

[0015] As a further optimization of the present invention, the flange has a 2-10° chamfer at the opening of the anchor hole facing inward.

[0016] As a further optimization of the present invention, the supporting components are adopted as arc-shaped cross rods, variable cross-section rods, plate rods or box rods.

[0017] As a further optimization of the present invention, the outer side of the flange is provided with a connector that can dock with, overlap, trapezoidal, inclined, recessed, or wedge-shaped sections or heads of the submersible.

[0018] As a further optimization of the present invention, a pre-tightening force of 10~1000N is applied during the laying of the core layer. After the surface layer is laid, the entire flexible resin is cast and cured to form a fiber braided reinforced composite material shell.

[0019] This invention provides a bidirectional separable composite pressure-resistant column shell structure for submersibles, which separates the longitudinal pressure-bearing state from the circumferential pressure-bearing state. It can make full use of the excellent tensile strength of large-tow fibers, solve the problems of large weight of traditional metal column shells and low fiber utilization of composite column shells, and meet the technical requirements of submersibles for high strength, high safety, lightweight and low cost of pressure-resistant column shells.

[0020] This invention can fully utilize the excellent tensile strength characteristics of fiber-reinforced composite materials, solve the problem of complex stress and stability failure characteristics of traditional pressure-resistant column shell structures, further improve the load-bearing capacity of fibers, reduce the weight of pressure-resistant column shell structures, avoid the disadvantages of heavy metal column shells and the fiber stress and easy stability failure of traditional composite column shells, and can also utilize various composite sandwich structures to further expand the functionality of the structure, which has good application prospects.

[0021] This invention relates to a lightweight, high-strength, highly reliable, and low-cost pressure hull structure made of composite materials for underwater vehicles. It decomposes the complex bidirectional stress state of a traditional pressure cylindrical hull into a single stress state consisting of longitudinal bearing of the supporting truss and circumferential bearing of the fiber-reinforced composite column shell. By setting a longitudinal large-tow fiber layer to improve the circumferential stability and ultimate strength of the column shell, the safety and material utilization of the pressure hull structure are significantly improved, providing a lightweight, high-strength, and highly reliable pressure hull structure solution for underwater vehicles. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is an overall schematic diagram of the pressure-resistant structure combining the underwater vehicle support truss and cylindrical shell in Example 1;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the supporting truss structure in Example 1;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a partially enlarged view of the anchoring connection between the core layer and the ring rib in Example 1;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the sandwich structure of the cylindrical shell in Example 2;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the supporting truss structure in Example 2;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Example 3, in which the supporting truss is located inside the cylindrical shell;

[0028] Among them, the supporting truss 1, flange 11, anchor hole 111, ring rib 12, supporting component 13, cylindrical shell 2, functional layer 20, surface layer 21, core layer 22, stop strip 3, and connector 4. Detailed Implementation

[0029] Example 1

[0030] like Figure 1-3 As shown, this embodiment includes a support truss 1 and a cylindrical shell 2.

[0031] The supporting truss 1 specifically includes ring ribs 12 and supporting members 13.

[0032] The ring rib 12 is a ring-shaped rib plate, and the center lines of several ring ribs 12 are collinear and spaced apart along the longitudinal direction.

[0033] The support member 13 is disposed between adjacent ring ribs 12 to connect each ring rib 12 in series. Specifically, in this embodiment, the support member 13 is a straight rod, with the two ends of the straight rod abutting against two adjacent ring ribs 12 respectively, and several straight rods are arranged in a ring between two adjacent ring ribs 12.

[0034] The ring rib 12 and the supporting member 13 form a longitudinal spatial truss structure.

[0035] Preferably, the support truss 1 in this embodiment is made of alloy steel.

[0036] In other embodiments, the support truss 1 may also be made of other materials such as aluminum alloy, titanium alloy or fiber-reinforced composite material.

[0037] In this embodiment, the cylindrical shell 2 includes a surface layer 21 and a core layer 22.

[0038] The surface layer 21 has two layers arranged in a circumferential direction, and the surface layer 21 is made of fiber material.

[0039] The core layer 22 is located between the two surface layers 21, and the core layer 22 is made of large bundles of fibers arranged longitudinally. Specifically, the core layer 22 adopts a laminated structure. In this embodiment, the core layer 22 has three layers, and the large bundles of fibers in each layer are arranged in the same direction.

[0040] In other embodiments, the core layer 22 may also be one or five layers or other numbers of layers.

[0041] In this embodiment, the cylindrical shell 2 is fabricated by first laying a core layer 22. During the laying of the core layer 22, a preload of 10~1000N is applied in the longitudinal direction to keep the large filaments of the core layer 22 taut. Then, a surface layer 21 is laid on both sides of the core layer 22. After the surface layer 21 is laid, the entire assembly is cast and cured with flexible resin to finally form a fiber-reinforced composite material shell.

[0042] In this embodiment, the thickness of the cylindrical shell 2 can be adjusted along the axial direction of the cylindrical shell 2 according to the design requirements of the circumferential stability of the cylindrical shell. The shell section with a smaller critical load for circumferential stability or a higher stress can be appropriately thickened to achieve reasonable material distribution and structural lightweighting.

[0043] In other embodiments, the thickness of the cylindrical shell 2 can also remain consistent.

[0044] In this embodiment, the support truss 1 is sleeved outside the cylindrical shell 2, and the support truss 1 and the cylindrical shell 2 are provided with a certain gap to ensure that the two are independent and separate and do not interfere with each other.

[0045] This embodiment also provides a specific installation structure for the support truss 1 and the cylindrical shell 2. The installation structure requires flanges 11 to be set at both ends of the support truss 1. Anchor holes 111 are set on the flanges 11. After the fiber bundles of the core layer 22 are inserted into the anchor holes 111 on the flanges 11 at both ends, a firm anchoring connection is achieved by injecting high-strength epoxy resin into the anchor holes 111.

[0046] Preferably, in this embodiment, the opening of the anchor hole 111 facing inward is provided with a chamfer, the chamfer being 2~10°. The chamfer at this angle is to allow for the deformation of the fiber bundle angle and to prevent the fiber bundle from being squeezed and damaged at the boundary of the anchor hole; the chamfer also facilitates the perforation and laying of the fiber bundle.

[0047] To improve the sealing performance at the connection between the supporting truss 1 and the cylindrical shell 2, this embodiment also provides a stop strip 3 at the connection between the cylindrical shell 2 and the flange 11, and fills the stop strip 3 and the connection between the cylindrical shell 2 and the flange 11 with sealing putty to ensure water tightness.

[0048] Preferably, in this embodiment, the flange 11 is also provided with a connector 4 on the outer side for connection with other sections or heads of the submarine. The connector 4 specifically adopts a docking structure.

[0049] In other embodiments, the connector 4 may also adopt a structure of overlapping, trapezoidal connection, beveled connection, recessed connection or wedge connection.

[0050] Example 2

[0051] like Figure 4 As shown, this embodiment is basically the same as embodiment 1, except that the core layer 22 in this embodiment is a four-layer laminated structure, and the arrangement direction of the large filament fibers in each layer is inconsistent and is set to be staggered.

[0052] In this embodiment, a functional layer 20 is also provided in the middle of the core layer 22. Specifically, the functional layer 20 is a sound-absorbing layer made of sound-absorbing material, which improves the strength of the structure and has the function of sound absorption and noise reduction.

[0053] In other embodiments, the functional layer 20 may also be a buoyancy layer made of buoyancy material or a damping layer made of damping material, so that the structure can enhance buoyancy or have a buffering and shock absorption function.

[0054] like Figure 5 As shown, in this embodiment, the support member 13 uses an arc-shaped crossbar instead of the straight bar in embodiment 1.

[0055] In another embodiment, the support member 13 is made of fiber composite material, and 3D-printed joints or fiber braided composite material joints are used at the intersection nodes to improve the strength of the overall longitudinal annular support truss 1.

[0056] In other embodiments, the supporting members may also be other pressure-resistant structural members such as variable cross-section rods, plate rods, or box rods.

[0057] Example 3

[0058] like Figure 6 As shown, the difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that in this embodiment, the cylindrical shell 2 is fitted over the support truss 1.

[0059] This embodiment also includes a functional layer 20. The difference from embodiment 2 is that in this embodiment, the functional layer 20 is located in the gap between the cylindrical shell 2 and the supporting truss 1.

[0060] In other embodiments, the functional layer 20 may also be disposed in the surface layer 21 of the cylindrical housing 2 or in the surface layer 21 and the core layer 22.

[0061] It should be understood that the descriptions of directions or positional relationships such as up, down, left, right, front, back, top, bottom, tail, horizontal, and vertical in this application are all based on the accompanying drawings in the specification and are only used to more clearly express the technical solution and simplify the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this application.

[0062] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the essence and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A two-way separable composite pressure-resistant cylindrical shell structure for submersibles, characterized in that, Includes supporting trusses and cylindrical shells; The supporting truss includes a number of ring ribs spaced apart along the longitudinal direction, and supporting members that connect the ring ribs in series. The cylindrical shell comprises two circumferential fiber outer layers and a longitudinal large filament fiber core layer located between the two outer layers. The cylindrical shell may have the same or different thicknesses along the axial direction. The supporting truss is fitted over the cylindrical shell, or the cylindrical shell is fitted over the supporting truss, with a gap between the supporting truss and the cylindrical shell.

2. The submersible bidirectional separable composite pressure-resistant cylindrical shell structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The supporting truss has flanges at both ends, and the flanges have anchoring holes; the fiber bundles of the core layer pass through the anchoring holes and are anchored to the flanges.

3. The submersible bidirectional separable composite pressure-resistant cylindrical shell structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, A stop strip is provided at the connection between the cylindrical shell and the flange, and the stop strip and the connection between the cylindrical shell and the flange are filled with sealing putty.

4. The underwater vehicle bidirectional separable composite pressure-resistant cylindrical shell structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The core layer adopts a multi-layered structure, with the large filament fibers in each layer arranged in a consistent or inconsistent direction.

5. The underwater vehicle bidirectional separable composite pressure-resistant cylindrical shell structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also has a functional layer, which is made of buoyancy material, damping material or sound-absorbing material. The functional layer is set in the surface layer, core layer, between the surface layer and the core layer or in the gap between the supporting truss and the cylindrical shell.

6. The underwater vehicle bidirectional separable composite pressure-resistant cylindrical shell structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The supporting trusses are made of alloy steel, aluminum alloy, titanium alloy or fiber-reinforced composite materials.

7. The underwater vehicle bidirectional separable composite pressure-resistant cylindrical shell structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flange's anchoring hole openings facing inwards are chamfered at 2-10°.

8. The underwater vehicle bidirectional separable composite pressure-resistant cylindrical shell structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The supporting components are made of curved cross bars, variable cross sections, plate bars, or box bars.

9. The underwater vehicle bidirectional separable composite pressure-resistant cylindrical shell structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer side of the flange is provided with a connector for docking, overlapping, trapezoidal connection, beveled connection, recessed connection or wedge connection with the submersible section or head.

10. The underwater vehicle bidirectional separable composite pressure-resistant cylindrical shell structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, When laying the core layer, a pre-tightening force of 10~1000N is applied. After the surface layer is laid, the entire flexible resin is cast and cured to form a fiber braided reinforced composite material shell.

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