Concrete unmanned aerial vehicle transfer system with automatic metering and unloading functions
The unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) concrete transport system with automatic metering and unloading has solved the problems of automation and accurate metering in concrete transportation during construction in mountainous areas, achieving efficient and safe full-process operation, adapting to complex terrain and improving construction efficiency.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511951837.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-23
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-24
AI Technical Summary
In mountainous construction, existing technologies struggle to achieve efficient, safe, and fully automated transportation of concrete, especially in complex terrain environments. The loading process relies on manual labor, unloading is incomplete, and accurate metering is impossible, resulting in low efficiency and high safety risks.
The concrete drone transfer system, which employs automatic metering and unloading, includes a metal support system, a loading device, a weighing hydraulic tilting system, and a track trolley system. It achieves automated metering and unloading through height adjustment, gravity sensors, and a hydraulic system, and combines a lever-type tilting mechanism to ensure thorough unloading.
It achieves all-terrain adaptability and high stability, ensures automation and accurate metering of the loading process, improves operational efficiency, reduces the frequency of drone take-off and landing, ensures flight safety, and makes unloading convenient and thorough.
Smart Images
Figure CN121553602A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of construction engineering technology, specifically relating to a drone-based concrete transport tool for mountainous areas, including a loading device and an unloading device. Background Technology
[0002] In traditional construction projects, the transportation and pouring of concrete is a well-established process on flat sites. However, when construction moves to mountainous or hilly areas with steep terrain and rugged roads, this process becomes a severe challenge that restricts project progress and quality. Conventional concrete mixer trucks, due to their size and mobility limitations, often cannot reach the final pouring point. Relying on manual labor or small vehicles for secondary transport results in inherent drawbacks such as extremely low efficiency, easy segregation of concrete, high costs, and significant safety risks. Although drone technology offers new possibilities for material transportation, it reveals significant deficiencies in professionalism and systemic approaches when dealing with special materials like concrete: existing simple hoisting methods lack efficient dedicated loading and unloading mechanisms; the loading process relies on manual labor, resulting in significant spillage; and it cannot achieve accurate measurement during transportation, easily leading to overloading or underloading of drones. Furthermore, the unloading process suffers from incomplete unloading, inconvenient operation, and excessive residue. Therefore, existing technologies are insufficient to achieve safe, efficient, and clean operation of concrete from receiving, metering, transportation to unloading in complex mountainous environments. A highly integrated and intelligent dedicated system is urgently needed to solve these problems. Summary of the Invention
[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide an automatic metering and unloading concrete drone transfer system. Through the cooperation of loading and unloading devices, it realizes automatic receiving, accurate weighing, drone transportation and convenient unloading of concrete, which is particularly suitable for mountainous areas.
[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: an automatic metering and unloading concrete drone transfer system, characterized in that it includes a first metal support system 2, a loading device 3, a weighing hydraulic tilting system 4, a track trolley system 5, and an unloading device 6; the first metal support system 2 is mounted on a simple surface 1 by its height adjustment seat 2.5; the track trolley system 5 is mounted on a track support frame 2.2 provided on the first metal support system 2; the loading device 3 is mounted on the height adjustment seat 2.5 provided on the first metal support system 2; the weighing hydraulic tilting system 4 is installed between the loading device 3 and the track trolley system 4; the bottom of the unloading device 6 is installed in contact with the complex ground 10 through anchor nails 9; the complex ground 10 is located at the final work point that the drone can reach.
[0005] Furthermore, the first metal support system 2 includes four sets of height adjustment seats 2.5, two sets of track support frames 2.2, two sets of four-legged connecting frames 2.3, two sets of first jack supports 2.1, and two sets of second jack supports 2.4; the four sets of height adjustment seats 2.5 are located at the four corners respectively, the two sets of height adjustment seats in front are connected by the four-legged connecting frames 2.3 in front, the two sets of height adjustment seats in the back are connected by the four-legged connecting frames 2.3 in back, the two sets of height adjustment seats in the left are connected by the track support frames 2.2 in the left, and the two sets of height adjustment seats in the right are connected by the track support frames 2.2 in the right. The bottom of the height adjustment seat 2.5 is equipped with a leveling mat 7 according to the terrain conditions. The leveling mat 7 is installed on the simple surface 1 by passing through the first ground connection hole 2.5.1 on the leveling mat 7 with a U-shaped nail 8. Two sets of first jack supports 2.1 and two sets of second jack supports 2.4 are placed on simple surface 1 respectively; the two sets of first jack supports 2.1 are arranged left and right, with the first jack support 2.1 on the left being located to the left of the left track support frame 2.2, and the first jack support 2.1 on the right being located to the right of the right track support frame 2.2; the two sets of second jack supports 2.4 are arranged front and back, with the second jack support 2.4 in front being located behind the front four-legged connecting frame 2.3, and the second jack support 2.4 in back being located in front of the rear four-legged connecting frame 2.3.
[0006] Furthermore, the track support frame 2.2 is also equipped with two sets of track positioning grooves 2.2.1 and hand-tightening screws 2.2.2. The channel steel track 5.1 of the track trolley system 5 can be inserted into the track positioning groove 2.2.1 and the two channel steel tracks 5.1 are kept parallel by tightening the hand-tightening screws 2.2.2. The lower half of the first jack support frame 2.1, the first jack 2.1.2, abuts against the simple surface 1. The upper half of the track fixing pad 2.1.1 is connected to the channel steel track 5.1 of the track trolley system 5 by fasteners. The lower half of the second jack bracket 2.4, the lower part of the jack platform bracket 2.4.2, is in contact with and fixed to the simple surface 1. The upper half holds the second jack 2.4.1. The upper part of the second jack 2.4.1 is then connected to the jack top plate 3.6.1 included in the loading welding frame 3.6 by fasteners.
[0007] Furthermore, the height adjustment seat 2.5 is provided with multiple sets of height adjustment holes 2.5.3, and the left and right ends of the track support frame 2.2 are provided with vertical sliding slots 2.2.3 that can be nested in the lower part of the height adjustment seat 2.5. Then, the lower part of the height adjustment hole 2.5.3 provided on the height adjustment seat 2.5 is inserted into the corresponding hole on the track support frame 2.2 to fix it.
[0008] Furthermore, the loading device 3 includes a first chute device 3.1, a second chute device 3.7, a stepped adjusting plate 3.2, a funnel 3.3, a blade valve 3.4, a display positioning plate 3.5, and a loading welding frame 3.6; the loading welding frame 3.6 is fixed on the height adjusting seat 2.5, the funnel 3.3 is welded to the upper part of the loading welding frame 3.6, and the stepped adjusting plate 3.2 is welded to the right side of the loading welding frame 3.6; the display positioning plate 3.5 is welded to the edge of the funnel 3.3, and the blade valve 3.4 is provided at the outlet of the funnel 3.3; The stepped adjustment plate 3.2 is provided with multi-stage adjustment grooves 3.2.1; the first chute device 3.1 includes a first material trough 3.1.1, a short rotating plate 3.1.2, and a second pin 3.1.3; the short rotating plates 3.1.2 are welded in pairs to the front and rear sides of the first material trough 3.1.1, and the short rotating plates 3.1.2 are provided with pin holes for hinge; the front pin 3.1.4.1 of the first lifting rod 3.1.4 is placed in the multi-stage adjustment groove 3.2.1, and the rear pin 3.1.4.2 of the first lifting rod 3.1.4 is inserted into the corresponding pin hole of the short rotating plate 3.1.2 at the rear of the first material trough 3.1.1; the short rotating plate 3.1.2 located at the front side of the first material trough 3.1.1 is hinged to the upper end of the stepped adjustment plate 3.2 through the pin hole and the second pin; the outlet of the first material trough 3.1.1 is located above the funnel 3.3; The second chute device 3.7 includes a second trough 3.7.1, a long rotating plate 3.7.2, and a third pin 3.7.3. Two long rotating plates 3.7.2 are fixed to the front and rear bottom of the second trough 3.7.1, and each long rotating plate 3.7.2 has a hole. The front pin 3.7.4.1 of the second lifting rod 3.7.4 is placed in the multi-stage adjusting groove 3.2.1, and the rear pin 3.7.4.2 of the second lifting rod 3.7.4 is inserted into the corresponding hole of the long rotating plate 3.7.2 at the rear of the second trough 3.1.1. The long rotating plate 3.7.2 located at the front bottom of the second trough 3.7.1 is hinged to the upper end of the stepped adjusting plate 3.2 through the hole and the third pin 3.7.3. The outlet of the second trough 3.7.1 is located above the funnel 3.3. The second chute device 3.7 and the first chute device 3.1 have the same function; the appropriate device is selected according to the height of different concrete trucks.
[0009] Furthermore, the weighing hydraulic tilting system 4 includes a hydraulic platform frame 4.1, a hydraulic cylinder 4.2, a steel wire rope 4.3, a gravity sensor assembly 4.4, and a receiving trough 4.5. The receiving trough 4.5 is located below the outlet of the funnel 3.3. The receiving trough 4.5 is hinged to three sets of gravity sensor assemblies 4.4 respectively through three rotating lifting lugs 4.5.2. The three sets of gravity sensors monitor the weight in real time and transmit the signals to the control system. The control system controls the hydraulic cylinder to tilt the concrete according to the set weight threshold. The steel wire rope 4.3 has a fixed length and its function is to prevent the receiving trough 4.5 in the tilting system 4 from accidentally pouring concrete out counterclockwise due to the lever principle.
[0010] The receiving trough 4.5 is equipped with a stepped outlet 4.5.1, a rotating lifting lug 4.5.2, and a rope tethering hole 4.5.3; the gravity sensor assembly 4.4 is provided with three sets, the lower ends of the two sets of gravity sensor assemblies 4.4 installed on the two gravity sensor mounting plates 3.6.3 are connected to the rotating lifting lug 4.5.2 of the receiving trough 4.5 by fasteners, and the two gravity sensor mounting plates 3.6.3 are welded to the welding frame 3.6; the set of gravity sensor assemblies 4.4 installed on the side of the welding frame 3.6 is connected to the rope tethering hole 4.5.3 of the receiving trough 4.5 by a wire rope 4.3; the width of the stepped outlet 4.5.1 is slightly smaller than the shortest width between the two lifting lugs of the hoisting engineering bucket 5.6; The hydraulic platform frame 4.1 is placed in direct contact with the simple surface 1. The hydraulic platform frame 4.1 is provided with mounting holes and can be fixed by fasteners; the front end of the hydraulic cylinder 4.2 can be fixed by fasteners with the mounting holes provided in the receiving groove 4.5.
[0011] Furthermore, the track trolley system 5 includes channel steel rails 5.1, a flatbed trolley 5.2, a weighing body protective shell 5.3, a weighing body 5.4, a bucket bottom protective shell 5.5, a hoisting engineering bucket 5.6, and an electronic scale display component 5.7; two channel steel rails 5.1 are respectively installed in the track positioning grooves 2.2.1 set in the track support frame 2.2, and the flatbed trolley 5.2 is located on the two channel steel rails 5.1; eight hollow columns are welded on the flatbed trolley 5.2, and the weighing body 5.4 is fixed on the hollow columns; the weighing body protective shell 5.5 covers the weighing body and the hollow columns; the bucket bottom protective shell 5.5 is welded to the weighing body protective shell 5.3, and the bottom of the hoisting engineering bucket 5.6 is placed inside the weighing body protective shell 5.3; the hoisting engineering bucket 5.6 is located below the receiving trough 4.5.
[0012] Furthermore, the flatbed trolley 5.2 carries two hoisting engineering buckets 5.6.
[0013] Further, the unloading device 6 includes an unloading support frame 6.1, a third chute device 6.2, a tilting rod 6.3, a locking plate 6.4, a bearing seat 6.5, a rotating drum 6.6, and a buckle 6.7; the unloading support frame 6.1 is provided with a C-shaped material trough frame 6.1.1, a supporting square 6.1.2, and a second ground connection hole 6.1.3; the supporting square 6.1.2 of the unloading support frame 6.1 is fixed to the complex ground 10 by anchor bolts 9 and the second ground connection hole 6.1.3; the third chute device 6.2 is provided with a chute hook 6.2.1 and a third chute 6.2.2; the chute hook 6.2.1 is welded to the bottom of the third chute 6.2.2, and the third chute device 6.2 is hooked to the C-shaped material trough frame through the chute hook 6.2.1; the upper surface of the supporting square 6.1.2 at the upper part of the unloading support frame 6.1 is provided with a threaded hole, and at the upper end of the supporting square... The rotating drum 66 is equipped with a bearing seat 6.5 and a locking plate 6.4. The outer ends of the two extension rods 6.6.1 on both sides of the rotating drum 66 pass through the bearing seat 6.5. The two extension rods 6.6.1 on both sides of the rotating drum 66 are mounted on the bearing seat 6.5 through bearings. One of the extension rods 6.6.1 has a through hole 6.6.2 and a locking groove 6.6.3 at its outer end. The flipping rod 6.3 is inserted into the through hole 6.6.2 to form a lever structure that drives the entire rotating drum (6.6) to swing 180°. At the same time, when the upper surface of the rotating drum 66 moves to be parallel with the locking plate 6.4, the locking plate 6.4 can rotate into the locking groove 6.6.3 for locking. The top radius of the hoisting engineering bucket 5.6 is larger than the radius of the rotating drum 6.6 and can be placed on the upper part of the rotating drum 6.6. At the same time, the outer wall of the hoisting engineering bucket 5.6 and the inner wall of the rotating drum 6.6 are tightly fitted by the opening and closing of the buckle 6.7.
[0014] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. All-terrain adaptability and high stability: The first metal support system, through multi-level height adjustment and jack fine-tuning, combined with leveling mats and U-shaped nail anchoring, can be quickly deployed and remain stable on rugged mountainous terrain, providing a solid foundation for precision measurement and automated operation.
[0015] 2. Automation and Precise Measurement: The linkage between gravity sensors and the hydraulic tilting system enables automation and quantitative measurement of the concrete loading process, effectively preventing overloading or underloading of drones and ensuring flight safety and transportation efficiency. The weighing system on the track trolley provides secondary confirmation and visualization of the weight, and the data can be transmitted via Bluetooth for easy management.
[0016] 3. High-efficiency assembly line operation: The track trolley system supports dual-bucket operation, which can quickly fill two hoisting engineering buckets in sequence, and then transport them together by drone. This "batch loading-centralized hoisting" mode significantly reduces the frequency of drone take-off and landing and waiting, allowing the drone's energy and time to be concentrated on long-distance transportation, thereby greatly improving the overall operation efficiency.
[0017] 4. Flexibility and adaptability: The loading device is equipped with two types of chutes with adjustable angles, which can flexibly cope with different on-site vehicle conditions and process requirements.
[0018] 5. Convenient and thorough unloading: The lever-type tilting mechanism of the unloading device is labor-saving and efficient, ensuring thorough unloading of concrete. Its simple structure makes it easy to install and use in remote work sites. Attached Figure Description
[0019] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall scene structure of the present invention.
[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the metal support system in this invention.
[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the loading device structure in this invention.
[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the weighing hydraulic tilting system in this invention.
[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the track trolley system structure in this invention.
[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the unloading device in this invention.
[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the first jack support frame structure in this invention.
[0026] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the track support frame structure in this invention.
[0027] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the second jack support structure in this invention.
[0028] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the height adjustment seat structure in this invention.
[0029] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the first chute device in this invention.
[0030] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the material loading and welding frame structure in this invention.
[0031] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the second chute device in this invention.
[0032] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the material receiving trough structure of the present invention.
[0033] Figure 15This is a schematic diagram of the unloading support frame structure of the present invention.
[0034] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating drum structure of the present invention.
[0035] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the unloading device of the present invention.
[0036] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the weighing hydraulic tilting system of the present invention tilting concrete onto the first hoisting engineering bucket.
[0037] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the material receiving trough after the weighing hydraulic tilting system of the present invention has returned to its upright position.
[0038] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of the weighing hydraulic tilting system of the present invention tilting concrete to the second hoisting engineering bucket.
[0039] Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the process of hoisting materials into barrels and awaiting transport by drone.
[0040] In the diagram: 1. Simple surface; 2. First metal support system; 3. Loading device; 4. Weighing hydraulic tilting system; 5. Track trolley system; 6. Unloading device; 7. Leveling mat; 8. U-shaped nail; 9. Anchor screw; 10. Complex ground; 2.1. First jack support frame; 2.1. Track fixing pad; 2.1.1. Jack; 2.1.2. Track support frame; 2.2.1. Track positioning groove; 2.2.2. Vertical sliding groove; 2.2.3. Four-legged connecting frame; 2.3. Second jack support frame; 2.4. Second jack; 2.4.1. 2.4.2 Jack platform frame, 2.5 Height adjustment seat, 2.5.1 First ground connection hole, 2.5.2 First pin, 2.5.3 Height adjustment hole, 3.1 First chute device, 3.1.1 First chute, 3.1.2 Short rotating plate, 3.1.3 Second pin, 3.1.4 First lifting rod, 3.1.4.1 Front end of first lifting rod, 3.1.4.2 Rear end of first lifting rod, 3.2 Stepped adjustment plate, 3.2.1 Multi-stage adjustment groove, 3.3 Funnel, 3.4 Blade valve, 3.5 Display positioning plate, loading welding 3.6 Connecting frame, 3.6.1 Jack top plate, 3.6.2 Adjusting sleeve, 3.6.3 Gravity sensor mounting plate, 3.7 Second chute device, 3.7.1 First chute, 3.7.2 Short rotating plate, 3.7.2 Third pin, 3.7.3 First lifting rod, 3.7.4 Hydraulic platform frame, 4.1 Hydraulic cylinder, 4.2 Wire rope, 4.3 Gravity sensor assembly, 4.4 Receiving chute, 4.5 Stepped outlet, 4.5.2 Rotating lifting lug, 4.5.3 Rope tie hole, 4.5.4 Cylinder body connection hole, 5.1 Channel steel rail, flat... 5.2 Trolley, 5.3 Scale body protective shell, 5.4 Scale body, 5.5 Drum bottom protective shell, 5.6 Lifting engineering drum, 5.7 Electronic scale display assembly, 6.1 Unloading support frame, 6.1.1 C-shaped trough frame, 6.1.2 Support square steel, 6.1.3 Second ground connection hole, 6.2 Third chute device, 6.2.1 Chute hook, 6.2.2 Third chute, 6.3 Reversing rod, 6.4 Positioning plate, 6.5 Bearing seat, 6.6 Rotary drum, 6.6.1 Extension rod, 6.6.2 Through hole, 6.6.3 Slot, 6.7 Buckle. Detailed Implementation
[0041] like Figure 1 As shown, the automatic metering and unloading concrete drone transfer system of the present invention is deployed on simple surfaces 1 (such as temporary construction platforms) and complex surfaces 10 (such as final pouring points). The main body of the system is stably supported by a first metal support system 2.
[0042] An automated metering and unloading concrete drone transport system includes a first metal support system 2, a loading device 3, a weighing hydraulic tilting system 4, a track trolley system 5, and an unloading device 6. The first metal support system 2 is mounted on a simple surface 1 by its height adjustment seat 2.5. The track trolley system 5 is mounted on a track support frame 2.2 provided on the first metal support system 2. The loading device 3 is mounted on the height adjustment seat 2.5 provided on the first metal support system 2. The weighing hydraulic tilting system 4 is installed between the loading device 3 and the track trolley system 4. The bottom of the unloading device 6 is installed in contact with the complex ground 10 via anchor nails 9. The complex ground 10 is located at the final work point accessible to the drone.
[0043] Implementation of the first metal support system 2: The first metal support system 2 provides a stable support platform for the entire system. Its height can be coarsely adjusted by multiple sets of height adjustment holes on the height adjustment seat, and finely adjusted by the first jack support frame and the second jack support frame to adapt to the rugged mountainous terrain.
[0044] The first metal support system 2 includes four sets of height adjustment seats 2.5, two sets of track support frames 2.2, two sets of four-legged connecting frames 2.3, two sets of first jack supports 2.1, and two sets of second jack supports 2.4; the four sets of height adjustment seats 2.5 are located at the four corners respectively, and the two sets of height adjustment seats at the front are connected by the four-legged connecting frames 2.3 at the front (for ease of description, Figure 1 Left is to the left, right is to the right, facing the viewer is front, and away from the viewer is back; Figure 2 (The left side is the front and the right side is the back). The two sets of height adjustment seats at the rear are connected by the four-legged connecting frame (2.3) at the rear. The two sets of height adjustment seats at the left are connected by the track support frame 2.2 at the left. The two sets of height adjustment seats at the right are connected by the track support frame 2.2 at the right. like Figure 8 As shown, the height adjustment seat 2.5 is provided with multiple sets of height adjustment holes 2.5.3 (multiple sets are 2-10 sets). The front and rear ends of the track support frame 2.2 are provided with vertical sliding slots 2.2.3 and nested in the lower part of the height adjustment seat 2.5. Then, the lower part of the height adjustment hole 2.5.3 provided on the height adjustment seat 2.5 is inserted into the corresponding hole on the track support frame 2.2 and fixed by inserting the first shaft pin 2.5.2. The bottom of the height adjustment seat 2.5 is equipped with a leveling mat 7 according to the terrain conditions. The leveling mat 7 is installed on the simple surface 1 by passing through the first ground connection hole 2.5.1 on the leveling mat 7 with a U-shaped nail 8. Two sets of first jack supports 2.1 and two sets of second jack supports 2.4 are placed on simple surface 1 respectively; the two sets of first jack supports 2.1 are arranged left and right, with the first jack support 2.1 on the left being located to the left of the left track support frame 2.2, and the first jack support 2.1 on the right being located to the right of the right track support frame 2.2; the two sets of second jack supports 2.4 are arranged front and back, with the second jack support 2.4 in front being located behind the front four-legged connecting frame 2.3, and the second jack support 2.4 in back being located in front of the rear four-legged connecting frame 2.3.
[0045] As attached Figure 2 , 7 As shown in Figures 8, 9, and 10, this system forms the skeleton of the entire device. The height adjustment seat 2.5 is fixed to the simple surface 1 via its bottom first grounding hole 2.5.1 and U-shaped nail 8. It has multiple sets of height adjustment holes 2.5.3, which, in conjunction with the first pin 2.5.2, allow for coarse adjustment of the entire support height. The track support frame 2.2 is nested into the height adjustment seat 2.5 via its vertical sliding slot 2.2.3 and fixed by the first pin 2.5.2. The track support frame 2.2 also has two sets of track positioning slots 2.2.1 and hand-tightening screws 2.2.2. The channel steel track 5.1 of the track trolley system 5 can be inserted into the track positioning slots 2.2.1, and the two channel steel tracks 5.1 are kept parallel by tightening the hand-tightening screws 2.2.2. The four-legged connecting frame 2.3 greatly enhances the stability and torsional resistance of the overall structure. The first jack support frame 2.1 and the second jack support frame 2.4 are used for fine-tuning the height and level of the track and the loading device, respectively. The lower half of the first jack support frame 2.1, the first jack 2.1.2, abuts against the simple surface 1; the upper half, the track fixing plate 2.1.1, is connected to the channel steel track 5.1 of the track trolley system 5 by fasteners. The lower half of the second jack support frame 2.4, the jack platform support 2.4.2, is fixed in contact with the simple surface 1; the upper half holds the second jack 2.4.1; and the upper part of the second jack 2.4.1 is then connected to the jack top plate 3.6.1 included in the loading welding frame 3.6 by fasteners.
[0046] Implementation method of the feeding device 3: The loading device 3 includes a first chute device 3.1, a second chute device 3.7, a stepped adjusting plate 3.2, a funnel 3.3, a blade valve 3.4, a display positioning plate 3.5, and a loading welding frame 3.6. The loading welding frame 3.6 is fixed on the height adjusting seat 2.5. The funnel 3.3 is welded to the upper part of the loading welding frame 3.6, and the stepped adjusting plate 3.2 is welded to the right side of the loading welding frame 3.6. The display positioning plate 3.5 is welded to the edge of the funnel 3.3, and the blade valve 3.4 is provided at the outlet of the funnel 3.3. The stepped adjustment plate 3.2 is provided with multiple adjustment grooves 3.2.1 (multiple levels are 2-10 levels); for example Figure 11 As shown, the first chute device 3.1 includes a first trough 3.1.1, a short rotating plate 3.1.2, and a second pin 3.1.3; the short rotating plates 3.1.2 are welded in pairs to the front and rear sides of the first trough 3.1.1, and the short rotating plates 3.1.2 are provided with pin holes for hinge; the front pin 3.1.4.1 of the first lifting rod 3.1.4 is placed in the multi-stage adjusting groove 3.2.1, and the rear pin 3.1.4.2 of the first lifting rod 3.1.4 is inserted into the corresponding pin hole of the short rotating plate 3.1.2 at the rear of the first trough 3.1.1; the short rotating plate 3.1.2 located at the front side of the first trough 3.1.1 is hinged to the upper end of the stepped adjusting plate 3.2 through the pin hole and the second pin; the outlet of the first trough 3.1.1 is located above the funnel 3.3; like Figure 13 As shown, the second chute device 3.7 includes a second trough 3.7.1, a long rotating plate 3.7.2, and a third pin 3.7.3; two long rotating plates 3.7.2 are fixed to the front bottom and rear bottom of the second trough 3.7.1, and the long rotating plates 3.7.2 are provided with holes; the front pin 3.7.4.1 of the second lifting rod 3.7.4 is placed in the multi-stage adjusting groove 3.2.1, and the rear pin 3.7.4.2 of the second lifting rod 3.7.4 is inserted into the corresponding hole of the long rotating plate 3.7.2 at the rear of the second trough 3.1.1; the long rotating plate 3.7.2 located at the front bottom of the second trough 3.7.1 is hinged to the upper end of the stepped adjusting plate 3.2 through the hole and the third pin 3.7.3; the outlet of the second trough 3.7.1 is located above the funnel 3.3 (the first chute device and the second chute device are selected for use according to the height of the concrete truck).
[0047] The loading device is mounted on a first metal support system. Its core component is a switchable first and second chute device, suitable for concrete transport vehicles of different heights. The chute device, through a lifting rod and multi-stage adjustment grooves on a stepped adjustment plate, achieves stepless or stepped adjustment of the chute inclination angle, ensuring smooth concrete flow into the funnel. A blade valve is installed at the funnel outlet for precise control of the discharge opening and closing.
[0048] like Figure 3 , 11As shown in Figures 12 and 13, the loading and welding frame 3.6 is fixed on the height adjustment seat 2.5. The loading and welding frame is equipped with an adjustment sleeve 3.6.1, which can cooperate with the height adjustment hole 2.5.3 in the height adjustment seat 2.5 to achieve height adjustment. The first chute device 3.1 and the second chute device 3.7 can be selected according to the height of the incoming material vehicle. Taking the first chute device 3.1 as an example, the front pin 3.1.4.1 of its first lifting rod 3.1.4 can be placed in the multi-level adjustment groove 3.2.1 of different levels of the stepped adjustment plate 3.2, and the rear pin 3.1.4.2 is hinged to the first chute 3.1.1, thereby realizing convenient adjustment of the chute inclination angle. The concrete is collected in the funnel 3.3 through the chute and fed into the weighing hydraulic tilting system 4 controlled by the blade valve 3.4.
[0049] Implementation method of the weighing hydraulic tilting system 4: The weighing hydraulic tilting system 4 includes a hydraulic platform frame 4.1, a hydraulic cylinder 4.2, a wire rope 4.3, a gravity sensor assembly 4.4, and a receiving trough 4.5. The receiving trough 4.5 is located below the outlet of the funnel 3.3. The receiving trough 4.5 is hinged to three sets of gravity sensor assemblies 4.4 via three rotating lifting lugs 4.5.2. The three sets of gravity sensors monitor the weight in real time and transmit the signals to the control system. The control system controls the hydraulic cylinder to tilt the load according to the set weight threshold.
[0050] The receiving trough 4.5 is equipped with a stepped outlet 4.5.1, a rotating lifting lug 4.5.2, and a rope tethering hole 4.5.3; the gravity sensor assembly 4.4 is provided with three sets, the lower ends of the two sets of gravity sensor assemblies 4.4 installed on the two gravity sensor mounting plates 3.6.3 are connected to the rotating lifting lug 4.5.2 of the receiving trough 4.5 by fasteners, and the two gravity sensor mounting plates 3.6.3 are welded to the welding frame 3.6; the set of gravity sensor assemblies 4.4 installed on the side of the welding frame 3.6 is connected to the rope tethering hole 4.5.3 of the receiving trough 4.5 by a wire rope 4.3; the width of the stepped outlet 4.5.1 is slightly smaller than the shortest width between the two lifting lugs of the hoisting engineering bucket 5.6; The hydraulic platform frame 4.1 is placed in direct contact with the simple surface 1. The hydraulic platform frame 4.1 is provided with mounting holes and can be fixed by fasteners; the front end of the hydraulic cylinder 4.2 can be fixed by fasteners with the mounting holes provided in the receiving groove 4.5.
[0051] The weighing hydraulic tilting system is key to achieving automatic metering. It includes a receiving trough, a gravity sensor assembly, a hydraulic cylinder, and a control system. The gravity sensor assembly monitors the weight of the concrete in the receiving trough in real time. When the weight reaches the safe load threshold set for the drone, the control system (such as a PLC or microcontroller) triggers the hydraulic cylinder to tilt the receiving trough, precisely pouring the concrete through its stepped outlet into the hoisting bucket located on the track trolley system.
[0052] like Figure 4 , 14 As shown in Figures 18, 19, and 20, the receiving trough 4.5 is hinged to the gravity sensor assembly 4.4 via its rotating lifting lug 4.5.2. Three sets of gravity sensors monitor the weight in real time and transmit the signals to the control system. The control system uses an STM32 series microcontroller as the main controller to receive sensor signals and control the opening and closing of the hydraulic valve group. When the weight reaches the set value, the control system activates the hydraulic cylinder 4.2, lifting the receiving trough, and the concrete pours down from the stepped outlet 4.5.1. Simultaneously, the steel wire rope 4.3 has a fixed length to prevent the receiving trough 4.5 in the tilting system 4 from incorrectly pouring concrete counterclockwise due to the lever principle. The stepped outlet design effectively guides the concrete into the center of the hoisting bucket 5.6, preventing splashing.
[0053] Implementation method of track vehicle system 5: The track trolley system 5 includes a channel steel track 5.1, a flatbed trolley 5.2, a weighing body protective shell 5.3, a weighing body 5.4, a bucket bottom protective shell 5.5, a hoisting bucket 5.6, and an electronic scale display component 5.7. Two channel steel tracks 5.1 are respectively installed in the track positioning grooves 2.2.1 set in the track support frame 2.2. The flatbed trolley 5.2 is located on the two channel steel tracks 5.1 (and can move back and forth on the tracks). Eight hollow columns are welded onto the flatbed trolley 5.2, and the weighing body 5.4 is fixed on the hollow columns. The weighing body protective shell 5.5 covers the weighing body and the hollow columns. The bucket bottom protective shell 5.5 is welded onto the weighing body protective shell 5.3, and the bottom of the hoisting bucket 5.6 is placed inside the weighing body protective shell 5.3. When the hoisting bucket 5.6 moves to the left side, it is located below the receiving trough 4.5.
[0054] The track trolley system mainly consists of channel steel tracks and a flatbed trolley. The flatbed trolley integrates a high-precision weighing platform for final weighing of the concrete inside the hoisting buckets, and the weight data is visualized on-site via an electronic scale display. The flatbed trolley is designed to carry two hoisting buckets. During operation, the flatbed trolley is moved so that one empty bucket is positioned below the unloading port of the receiving trough for filling; once that bucket is full, the trolley is moved again to move the other empty bucket to the filling station for filling. This design allows for continuous and rapid filling of two hoisting buckets. After both buckets reach the predetermined weight, they are then transported sequentially or collectively to the unloading point by a drone, significantly reducing the drone's round-trip waiting time and improving the efficiency of a single operation cycle.
[0055] like Figure 5 As shown, the flatbed trolley 5.2 can move easily on the channel steel track 5.1. The weighing body 5.4 is fixed to the trolley and weighs the hoisted engineering bucket 5.6. The electronic scale display component 5.7 is fixed to the display positioning plate 3.5 in the loading device 3, allowing operators to observe the loading process in real time simply by looking horizontally. Figure 18 , 20 As shown in Figure 21, a preferred embodiment is that the flatbed trolley 5.2 carries two hoisting engineering barrels 5.6, which are loaded and hoisted alternately to achieve continuous operation.
[0056] Implementation method of unloading device 6: The unloading device 6 includes an unloading support frame 6.1, a third chute device 6.2, a tilting rod 6.3, a locking plate 6.4, a bearing seat 6.5, a rotating drum 6.6, and a buckle 6.7. The unloading support frame 6.1 is equipped with a C-shaped trough frame 6.1.1, a supporting square 6.1.2, and a second ground connection hole 6.1.3. The supporting square 6.1.2 of the unloading support frame 6.1 is fixed to the complex ground 10 by anchor bolts 9 and the second ground connection hole 6.1.3. The third chute device 6.2 is equipped with a chute hook 6.2.1 and a third chute 6.2.2. The chute hook 6.2.1 is welded to the bottom of the third chute 6.2.2, and the third chute device 6.2 is hooked to the C-shaped trough frame through the chute hook 6.2.1. The upper surface of the supporting square 6.1.2 at the top of the unloading support frame 6.1 has a threaded hole, and a bearing seat is installed at the upper end of the supporting square. The outer ends of the two extension rods 6.6.1 on both sides of the rotating drum 6.6 pass through the bearing seat 6.5 and the positioning plate 6.4. The two extension rods 6.6.1 on both sides of the rotating drum 6.6 are mounted on the bearing seat 6.5 through bearings (i.e., the rotating drum can rotate). The outer end of one of the extension rods 6.6.1 is provided with a through hole 6.6.2 and a slot 6.6.3. The flipping rod 6.3 is inserted into the through hole 6.6.2 to form a lever structure to drive the entire rotating drum 6.6 to swing 80°. At the same time, when the upper surface of the rotating drum 6.6 moves to be parallel with the positioning plate 6.4, the positioning plate 6.4 can rotate and enter the slot 6.6.3 for positioning. The top radius of the hoisting engineering bucket 5.6 is larger than the radius of the rotating drum 6.6 and can be placed on the upper part of the rotating drum 6.6. At the same time, the outer wall of the hoisting engineering bucket 5.6 and the inner wall of the rotating drum 6.6 are tightly fitted by the opening and closing of the buckle 6.7.
[0057] The unloading device, located at the final work point accessible to the drone, includes an unloading support frame and a third chute. After the drone transports the fully loaded lifting bucket to this location, it places it on a rotating drum supported by bearing seats. By manually operating a tilting lever, the drum rotates 180 degrees using leverage, pouring concrete into the third chute and ultimately guiding it to the pouring point. The design of the positioning plate and latches ensures the stability and safety of the unloading process.
[0058] like Figure 6 , 15 As shown in Figures 16 and 17, the unloading support frame 6.1 is fixed to the complex ground 10 by anchor bolts 9. The third chute device 6.2 is suspended by chute hooks 6.2.1. After the drone transports the engineering barrel, it is placed on the rotating drum 6.6. The worker inserts the flipping rod 6.3 into the through hole 6.6.2 of the rotating drum extension rod 6.6.1, and presses down the flipping rod to easily push the engineering barrel to flip 180 degrees to complete the unloading. The locking plate 6.4 is locked into the locking groove 6.6.3 after the barrel is flipped into place to prevent it from rotating back. The buckle 6.7 can lock the engineering barrel before transportation to prevent it from swinging.
[0059] Brief description of working principle: The concrete truck unloads the material into the loading device 3, which then flows into the receiving trough 4.5 controlled by the blade valve 3.4 through the adjusted chute and funnel 3.3. The gravity sensor assembly 4.4 monitors the material in real time, and once the weight reaches the target, it automatically pours into a hoisting engineering bucket 5.6 on the track trolley 5. After the final weight is displayed on the electronic scale 5.7, the drone lifts the bucket away. Simultaneously, the flatbed trolley 5.2 moves, moving another empty bucket to the loading position for continued loading, forming a cycle. The drone transports the full bucket to the unloading device 6, where it is unloaded by manual tipping. The empty bucket is then hoisted back by the drone, and this process is repeated.
Claims
1. A concrete unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) transfer system for automatic metering and unloading, characterized in that... The system includes a first metal support system (2), a loading device (3), a weighing hydraulic tilting system (4), a rail trolley system (5), and a unloading device (6); the first metal support system (2) is mounted on a simple surface (1) by its height adjustment seat (2.5); the rail trolley system (5) is mounted on a rail support frame (2.2) provided by the first metal support system (2); the loading device (3) is mounted on the height adjustment seat (2.5) provided by the first metal support system (2); the weighing hydraulic tilting system (4) is mounted between the loading device (3) and the rail trolley system (4); the bottom of the unloading device (6) is installed in contact with the complex ground (10) by anchors (9); the complex ground (10) is located at the final work point accessible by the UAV.
2. The automatic metering and unloading concrete drone transfer system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first metal support system (2) includes four sets of height adjustment seats (2.5), two sets of track support frames (2.2), two sets of four-legged connecting frames (2.3), two sets of first jack supports (2.1), and two sets of second jack supports (2.4); the four sets of height adjustment seats (2.5) are located at the four corners respectively, the two sets of height adjustment seats in front are connected by the four-legged connecting frames (2.3) in front, the two sets of height adjustment seats in the back are connected by the four-legged connecting frames (2.3) in the back, the two sets of height adjustment seats in the left are connected by the track support frames (2.2) in the left, and the two sets of height adjustment seats in the right are connected by the track support frames (2.2) in the right. The bottom of the height adjustment seat (2.5) is equipped with a leveling mat (7) according to the terrain conditions. The leveling mat (7) is installed on the simple surface (1) by passing through the first ground connection hole (2.5.1) on the leveling mat (7) with a U-shaped nail (8). Two sets of first jack supports (2.1) and two sets of second jack supports (2.4) are placed on a simple surface (1); the two sets of first jack supports (2.1) are arranged in the left and right positions, with the first jack support (2.1) on the left side located to the left of the left track support frame (2.2) and the first jack support (2.1) on the right side located to the right of the right track support frame (2.2); the two sets of second jack supports (2.4) are arranged in the front and back positions, with the second jack support (2.4) on the front side located behind the front four-legged connecting frame (2.3) and the second jack support (2.4) on the back side located in front of the back four-legged connecting frame (2.3).
3. The automatic metering and unloading concrete drone transfer system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The track support frame (2.2) is also equipped with two sets of track positioning slots (2.2.1) and hand-tightening screws (2.2.2). The channel steel rails (5.1) of the track trolley system (5) can be inserted into the track positioning slots (2.2.1). The two channel steel rails (5.1) are kept parallel by tightening the hand-tightening screws (2.2.2). The lower half of the first jack support frame (2.1) of the first jack (2.1.2) abuts against the simple surface (1). The upper half of the track fixing pad ( 2.1.1) The channel steel rail (5.1) of the track trolley system (5) is connected by fasteners; the lower part of the jack platform support (2.4.2) in the lower half of the second jack support (2.4) is fixed in contact with the simple surface (1), and the upper half is where the second jack (2.4.1) is placed. The upper part of the second jack (2.4.1) is then connected to the jack top plate (3.6.1) contained in the loading welding frame (3.6) by fasteners.
4. The automatic metering and unloading concrete drone transfer system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The height adjustment seat (2.5) is provided with multiple sets of height adjustment holes (2.5.3). The left and right ends of the track support frame (2.2) are provided with vertical sliding slots (2.2.3) that can be nested in the lower part of the height adjustment seat (2.5). The lower part of the height adjustment hole (2.5.3) provided on the height adjustment seat (2.5) is inserted into the corresponding hole on the track support frame (2.2) to fix it.
5. The automatic metering and unloading concrete drone transfer system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The loading device (3) includes a first chute device (3.1), a second chute device (3.7), a stepped adjustment plate (3.2), a funnel (3.3), a blade valve (3.4), a display positioning plate (3.5), and a loading welding frame (3.6). The loading welding frame (3.6) is fixed on a height adjustment seat (2.5). A funnel (3.3) is welded to the upper part of the loading welding frame (3.6), and a stepped adjustment plate (3.2) is welded to the right side of the loading welding frame (3.6). A display positioning plate (3.5) is welded to the edge of the funnel (3.3), and a blade valve (3.4) is provided at the outlet of the funnel (3.3). The stepped adjusting plate (3.2) is provided with multiple adjusting grooves (3.2.1); the first chute device (3.1) includes a first chute (3.1.1), a short rotating plate (3.1.2), and a second pin ( 3.1.3); The short rotating plates (3.1.2) are welded in pairs to the front and rear sides of the first material trough (3.1.1), and the short rotating plates (3.1.2) are provided with pin holes for hinge; the front pin (3.1.4.1) of the first lifting rod (3.1.4) is placed in the multi-stage adjustment groove (3.2.1), and the rear pin (3.1.4.2) of the first lifting rod (3.1.4) is inserted into the corresponding pin hole of the short rotating plate (3.1.2) at the rear of the first material trough (3.1.1); the short rotating plate (3.1.2) located at the front side of the first material trough (3.1.1) is hinged to the upper end of the stepped adjustment plate (3.2) through the pin hole and the second pin (3.1.3); the outlet of the first material trough (3.1.1) is located above the funnel (3.3); The second chute device (3.7) includes a second chute (3.7.1), a long rotating plate (3.7.2), and a third pin (3.7.3); two long rotating plates (3.7.2) are fixed to the front bottom and rear bottom of the second chute (3.7.1), and the long rotating plates (3.7.2) are provided with holes; the front pin (3.7.4.1) of the second lifting rod (3.7.4) is placed in the multi-stage adjustment groove (3.2.1), and the rear pin (3.7.4.2) of the second lifting rod (3.7.4) is inserted into the corresponding hole of the long rotating plate (3.7.2) at the rear of the second chute (3.1.1); the long rotating plate (3.7.2) located at the front bottom of the second chute (3.7.1) passes through the hole and the third pin (3.7.3). 3.7.3) is hinged to the upper end of the stepped adjustment plate (3.2); the outlet of the second trough (3.7.1) is located above the funnel (3.3).
6. The automatic metering and unloading concrete drone transfer system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The weighing hydraulic tilting system (4) includes a hydraulic platform frame (4.1), a hydraulic cylinder (4.2), a wire rope (4.3), a gravity sensor assembly (4.4), and a receiving trough (4.5). The receiving trough (4.5) is located below the outlet of the funnel (3.3). The receiving trough (4.5) is hinged to three sets of gravity sensor assemblies (4.4) respectively through three rotating lugs (4.5.2). The three sets of gravity sensors monitor the weight in real time and transmit the signal to the control system. The control system controls the hydraulic cylinder to tilt the load according to the set weight threshold. The receiving trough (4.5) is equipped with a stepped outlet (4.5.1), a rotating lifting lug (4.5.2), and a rope hole (4.5.3); the gravity sensor assembly (4.4) is provided in three sets. The lower ends of the two sets of gravity sensor assemblies (4.4) installed on the two gravity sensor mounting plates (3.6.3) are connected to the rotating lifting lug (4.5.2) provided in the receiving trough (4.5) by fasteners. The two gravity sensor mounting plates (3.6.3) are welded to the welding frame (3.6); the set of gravity sensor assemblies (4.4) installed on the side of the welding frame (3.6) is connected to the rope hole (4.5.3) provided in the receiving trough (4.5) by a wire rope (4.3); the width of the stepped outlet (4.5.1) is slightly smaller than the shortest width between the two lifting lugs of the hoisting engineering bucket (5.6); The hydraulic platform frame (4.1) is placed in direct contact with the simple surface (1). The hydraulic platform frame (4.1) is provided with mounting holes and can be fixed by fasteners. The front end of the hydraulic cylinder (4.2) can be fixed by fasteners with the mounting holes provided in the receiving groove (4.5).
7. The automatic metering and unloading concrete drone transfer system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The track trolley system (5) includes a channel steel track (5.1), a flatbed trolley (5.2), a weighing body protective shell (5.3), a weighing body (5.4), a bucket bottom protective shell (5.5), a hoisting engineering bucket (5.6), and an electronic scale display component (5.7). Two channel steel tracks (5.1) are respectively installed in the track positioning grooves (2.2.1) set in the track support frame (2.2), and the flatbed trolley (5.2) is located on the two channel steel tracks (5.1). Eight hollow columns are welded on the flatbed trolley (5.2), and the weighing body (5.4) is fixed on the hollow columns. The weighing body protective shell (5.5) covers the weighing body and the hollow columns. The bucket bottom protective shell (5.5) is welded on the weighing body protective shell (5.3), and the bottom of the hoisting engineering bucket (5.6) is placed inside the weighing body protective shell (5.3). The hoisting engineering bucket (5.6) is located below the receiving trough (4.5).
8. The automatic metering and unloading concrete drone transfer system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The flatbed trolley (5.2) carries two hoisting engineering buckets (5.6).
9. The automatic metering and unloading concrete drone transfer system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The unloading device (6) includes an unloading support frame (6.1), a third chute device (6.2), a tilting rod (6.3), a positioning plate (6.4), a bearing seat (6.5), a rotating drum (6.6), and a buckle (6.7); the unloading support frame (6.1) is equipped with a C-shaped chute frame (6.1.1), a supporting square rod (6.1.2), and a second grounding hole (6.1.3); the supporting square rod (6.1.2) of the unloading support frame (6.1) is connected by anchor bolts (9) and the second grounding hole (6.1.3). The ground connection hole (6.1.3) is fixed on the complex ground (10); the third chute device (6.2) is equipped with a chute hook (6.2.1) and a third chute (6.2.2); the chute hook (6.2.1) is welded to the bottom of the third chute (6.2.2), and the third chute device (6.2) is connected to the C-shaped material trough frame through the chute hook (6.2.1); the upper surface of the support square (6.1.2) of the unloading support frame (6.1) is provided with threaded holes, and a threaded hole is installed on the upper end of the support square. Equipped with bearing housings (6.5) and locking plates (6.4), the outer ends of the two extension rods (6.6.1) on both sides of the rotating drum (6.6) pass through the bearing housings (6.5). The two extension rods (6.6.1) on both sides of the rotating drum (6.6) are mounted on the bearing housings (6.5) via bearings. One of the extension rods (6.6.1) has a through hole (6.6.2) and a slot (6.6.3) at its outer end. The flipping rod (6.3) is inserted into the through hole (6.6.2) to form a lever structure that drives the entire rotating drum. The cylinder (6.6) swings 180°. At the same time, when the upper surface of the rotating cylinder (6.6) moves to be parallel with the positioning plate (6.4), the positioning plate (6.4) can rotate into the slot (6.6.3) for positioning. The top radius of the hoisting engineering bucket (5.6) is larger than the radius of the rotating cylinder (6.6) and can be placed on the upper part of the rotating cylinder (6.6). At the same time, the hoisting engineering bucket (5.6) tightly fits the outer wall of the hoisting engineering bucket (5.6) and the inner wall of the rotating cylinder (6.6) through the opening and closing of the buckle (6.7).