Agricultural and forestry waste composting fermentation equipment

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizer processing, and particularly relates to agricultural and forestry waste compost fermentation equipment. Comprising a composting tank; a turning mechanism is mounted in the composting tank; the pile turning mechanism comprises two U-shaped plates; a rotating belt is arranged between the two U-shaped plates and the side wall of the composting tank; two driving rods are rotationally arranged at the bottom of the composting tank; the driving rod penetrates through the rotating belt and is used for driving the rotating belt to rotate; two driven rods are arranged at the top of the composting tank and penetrate through the rotating belt; push plates are evenly arranged on the outer ring face of the rotating belt. Air pipes are evenly arranged on the inner rings of the two rotating belts. Air holes are uniformly formed in the outer ring surface of the air pipe; by arranging the pile turning mechanism, the oxygen contact opportunities of all raw materials in the pile body can be ensured to be equal, and the condition of oxygen deficit due to the fact that part of materials in traditional equipment are located in a deep layer or in a pipeline interval middle zone for a long time is changed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of fertilizer processing technology, specifically a composting and fermentation equipment for agricultural and forestry waste. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of large-scale agriculture, the annual output of agricultural and forestry waste such as straw, livestock and poultry manure, and pruning branches from orchards continues to rise. If these materials are arbitrarily dumped or burned in the open, it not only wastes resources but also causes environmental problems such as soil and air pollution. Agricultural and forestry waste composting, as a green and efficient resource utilization technology, transforms organic waste into stable humus through the aerobic metabolism of microorganisms. This achieves both waste reduction and harmless treatment, while also producing high-quality organic fertilizer, alleviating problems such as soil compaction and fertility decline caused by long-term application of chemical fertilizers, thus meeting the needs of agricultural circular economy development. Currently, the mainstream composting methods include windrow, box, and trough types; among them, trough composting has a systematic and standardized operation process. In the raw material pretreatment stage, straw, branches, etc., need to be crushed to remove impurities such as stones and plastics, and high-carbon raw materials are mixed with nitrogen sources such as livestock and poultry manure in a specific ratio. During the construction of the compost pile, the raw materials are laid in layers, and composting fermentation can begin after the layers are laid. Ventilation during composting is a key prerequisite for ensuring efficient fermentation. Its core function stems from the metabolic needs of aerobic microorganisms: composting fermentation relies on aerobic microorganisms such as bacteria and actinomycetes to decompose organic matter. Oxygen is an essential substance for microbial respiration. Ventilation can directly supplement oxygen to the compost pile, preventing the activity of aerobic microorganisms from being suppressed. Turning the compost pile is an indispensable part of trough composting, and its necessity is reflected in several aspects: First, it breaks up localized oxygen-deficient areas in the pile by mechanically turning over the bottom and inner layers of oxygen-deficient materials to the surface, while simultaneously turning over the oxygen-rich materials on the surface to the inner layers, thus achieving uniform oxygen distribution; second, it promotes uniform mixing of materials, ensuring that parameters such as carbon-nitrogen ratio and moisture content are consistent throughout the pile, thereby improving the uniformity of decomposition; third, it regulates the temperature of the pile. When the pile temperature is too high, turning the pile can quickly dissipate heat, and when the temperature is too low, turning can promote material contact and release heat, helping to maintain a stable high-temperature period.

[0003] Because the raw materials for trough composting are laid in layers, and the ventilation system is mainly concentrated at the bottom of the trough with a certain gap between the ventilation pipes, the airflow, after being discharged from the pipe openings, is affected by the resistance of the pile material and can only efficiently cover the area around the pipes, forming a near-pipe ventilation advantage zone. In areas far from the ventilation pipes, the airflow penetration ability is greatly reduced. In addition, local compaction may occur during the layering of raw materials, reducing the porosity and further hindering airflow penetration, resulting in insufficient oxygen supply in these areas and forming obvious hypoxic zones. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this invention proposes an agricultural and forestry waste composting and fermentation equipment. By setting up a turning mechanism, it can ensure that all raw materials in the pile have equal opportunities for oxygen contact, thus changing the situation in traditional equipment where some materials are oxygen-deficient due to long-term exposure to deep layers or the middle of the pipe gaps. The specific structure is as follows. A composting and fermentation device for agricultural and forestry waste includes a composting tank; a turning mechanism is installed inside the composting tank. The turning mechanism includes two U-shaped plates, which are respectively arranged on both sides of the inner cavity of the composting trough; the two ends of the U-shaped plates are fixed inside the composting trough. The openings of the two U-shaped plates are opposite each other, and a gap is left between them and the compost trough sidewalls on the opposite side of the two U-shaped plates; A rotating belt is provided between the two U-shaped plates and the side wall of the composting trough, and the rotating belt is mirrored; there are two drive rods rotating at the bottom of the composting trough, and the drive rods extend to the outside of the composting trough and are driven by a first motor; The drive rod passes through the rotating belt and is used to drive the rotating belt to rotate; the top of the composting trough is provided with two driven rods, and the driven rods pass through the rotating belt. The inner ring surface of the rotating belt is provided with toothed grooves; the outer ring surface of the drive rod is provided with gear teeth, and the gear teeth mesh with the toothed grooves of the inner ring of the rotating belt. The outer ring surface of the rotating belt is provided with evenly arranged push plates, and the push plates are all in contact with the inner surface of the composting trough and the surface of the U-shaped plate. The two rotating belts are mesh belts; the push plate is a mesh plate; The inner rings of the two rotating belts are provided with evenly arranged air pipes, and the two sides of the air pipes extend out of the composting tank and are connected to the external fan; the outer rings of the air pipes are provided with evenly arranged air holes.

[0005] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the composting trough has openings on both sides, and the openings correspond to the driven rod. Both ends of the driven rod are provided with movable plates, and the two driven rods on the same side rotate on the movable plates; the movable plates are provided with sliding grooves on both sides near the composting trough where no opening is made. The movable plates slide within adjacent troughs; mounting frames are fixed on both sides of the composting trough; each mounting frame has a rotatable screw, with the other side of the screw extending into the trough and rotating within it. Each of the movable plates has a threaded groove, and the lead screw passes through the threaded groove and is driven by the threaded groove; each of the threaded rods is driven by a second motor.

[0006] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a guide plate is fixed inside each of the openings, and the guide plate extends out of the opening.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, each of the two U-shaped plates is provided with a plurality of rotating shafts on opposite sides, and both ends of the rotating shafts rotate within the composting trough. The rotating shaft is fixed with evenly arranged levers; the U-shaped plate is provided with multiple arc-shaped grooves, and the arc-shaped grooves penetrate the U-shaped plate; The push plate extends into the arc-shaped groove and intersects with the push plate.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, slides are provided on both sides of the composting trough where there are no openings; Multiple sliders slide within the slide rail; each slider is fixed with a scraper, and the scrapers are all in contact with the inner cavity of the composting trough; the lever intersects with one of the scrapers. Multiple sliders are fixed together on a single upright; the top of the upright extends into a compost trough and is slidably connected to the compost trough; an end cap is fixed to the top of the upright, and a spring connects the upright to the top of the compost trough.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, mounting plates are provided on both sides of the upright, and the mounting plates are fixed to the top of the composting trough. A hydraulic cylinder is fixed to each of the mounting plates; a fixing plate is fixed to the bottom of each of the hydraulic cylinders; An elongated oval plate is provided between the two opposing fixed plates; the side of the elongated oval plate closest to the U-shaped plate rotates between the two fixed plates, and in the initial state the elongated oval plate is vertically upward; An installation compartment is provided inside the fixed plate; a servo motor is installed inside the installation compartment, and the servo motor is used to drive the elongated plate to rotate.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a driven belt is rotatably provided on the outer ring surface of the elongated plate; The driven belt has uniformly arranged long plates fixed on its outer ring surface, and the long plates intersect with the push plate.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a conical hopper is fixed at the bottom of the composting trough, and the conical hopper is located between two rotating belts; The conical chamber has an arc surface on the side facing the rotating belt; the push plate passes through the arc surface.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a guide groove is provided at the bottom of the rotating belt located at the bottom of the composting trough; The guide channel extends through the composting tank on both sides; a valve is installed on one side of the guide channel that extends through the composting tank.

[0013] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. The agricultural and forestry waste composting and fermentation equipment of the present invention uses two rotating belts that rotate clockwise on the right and counterclockwise on the left to drive push plates to continuously push the inner layer of material at the bottom of the composting tank to the top, and then the material falls back to the bottom of the pile under its own gravity, forming a complete material circulation operation. During the circulation process, the material is gradually pushed by the push plates and passes through each air pipe area in sequence. The originally layered and compacted material is fully loosened, and the porosity is dynamically maintained. At the same time, each piece of material can come into contact with the gas discharged from the air pipe. There are no fixed dead corners of material, which ensures that all materials in the pile have equal opportunities for oxygen contact. This changes the situation in traditional equipment where some materials are oxygen-deficient due to long-term exposure to deep layers or the middle of the pipe gaps. At the same time, the rotating belts obstruct the material, preventing the material from directly contacting the air pipe and thus blocking the air pores on the air pipe.

[0014] 2. The agricultural and forestry waste composting and fermentation equipment described in this invention addresses the issue that traditional trough composting requires a separate turning machine to break up the anoxic zone, and even after turning, anoxic conditions may recur due to limited ventilation. This new equipment, however, achieves uniform mixing of materials during ventilation by using a pusher plate to circulate the raw materials, eliminating the imbalance of carbon-nitrogen ratio and moisture content caused by raw material stratification. Furthermore, it eliminates the need for a separate turning machine, reducing energy consumption and operational complexity associated with independent turning processes. This ensures that the entire compost pile maintains a highly efficient aerobic fermentation state, avoiding the foul odor pollution caused by anaerobic fermentation, shortening the composting cycle, and ensuring the overall uniformity of composting.

[0015] 3. The agricultural and forestry waste composting and fermentation equipment of the present invention, in the fermentation stage, the rotating belt is fixed above the U-shaped plate in the tank, and normally performs the functions of material circulation and three-dimensional ventilation; in the discharge stage, the second motor drives the moving plate to move the rotating belt out of the tank along the opening, and the first motor is started to drive the rotating belt to rotate in a cycle. The push plate can continuously push the decomposed raw materials in the tank to the top of the rotating belt, and smoothly slide down into the collection bin through the opening along the guide plate; the entire discharge process is fully automated by mechanical transmission, without the need for manual entry into the tank for cleaning, which greatly reduces the labor intensity and avoids the traditional tank composting discharge that requires the use of a turning machine to push and manual assistance to clean, which is not only inefficient but also increases the amount of labor. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a diagram showing the composting trough in this invention during the laying of raw materials; Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the state of the composting tank during fermentation in this invention; Figure 3 This is a diagram of the internal structure of the composting trough in this invention; Figure 4This is a structural diagram of the rotating belt in this invention; Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of the elongated circular plate, the driven belt, and the mounting plate in this invention; Figure 6 This is a structural diagram of the scraper and the upright in this invention; Figure 7 This is a half-sectional view of the composting trough in this invention when raw materials are laid out; Figure 8 This is the present invention. Figure 7 Enlarged view of a portion of point A in the middle; Figure 9 This is a half-sectional view of the composting tank during fermentation in this invention; Figure 10 This is the present invention. Figure 9 Enlarged view of a section at point B in the middle; Figure 11 This is the present invention. Figure 9 Enlarged view of a section at point C; Figure 12 This is the present invention. Figure 9 Enlarged view of a section at point D.

[0018] In the diagram: 1. Compost trough; 11. First motor; 12. Opening; 13. Conical hopper; 14. Guide trough; 2. U-shaped plate; 21. Rotating belt; 22. Drive rod; 23. Push plate; 24. Air pipe; 3. Driven rod; 31. Moving plate; 32. Slide groove; 33. Mounting bracket; 34. Lead screw; 35. Second motor; 36. Guide plate; 4. Pulley; 41. Arc groove; 42. Slide rail; 43. Scraper; 44. Upright pole; 5. Mounting plate; 51. Hydraulic cylinder; 52. Fixed plate; 53. Long oval plate; 54. Servo motor; 55. Driven belt; 56. Long plate. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0020] like Figures 1 to 12 As shown, the agricultural and forestry waste composting and fermentation equipment of the present invention, as an embodiment of the present invention, includes a composting tank 1; a turning mechanism is installed in the composting tank 1. The turning mechanism includes two U-shaped plates 2, and the U-shaped plates 2 are respectively arranged on both sides of the inner cavity of the composting trough 1; the two ends of the U-shaped plates 2 are fixed inside the composting trough 1; The openings 12 of the two U-shaped plates 2 are opposite each other, and a gap is left between them and the side wall of the composting trough 1 on the opposite side of the two U-shaped plates 2. A rotating belt 21 is provided between the two U-shaped plates 2 and the side wall of the composting trough 1, and the rotating belt 21 is mirrored; there are two drive rods 22 rotating at the bottom of the composting trough 1, and the drive rods 22 extend to the outside of the composting trough 1 and are driven by the first motor 11. The drive rod 22 passes through the rotating belt 21 and is used to drive the rotating belt 21 to rotate; the top of the composting tank 1 is provided with two driven rods 3, and the driven rods 3 pass through the rotating belt 21. The inner ring surface of the rotating belt 21 is provided with toothed grooves; the outer ring surface of the drive rod 22 is provided with gear teeth, and the gear teeth mesh with the toothed grooves of the inner ring of the rotating belt 21. The outer ring surface of the rotating belt 21 is provided with uniformly arranged push plates 23, and the push plates 23 are all in contact with the inner surface of the composting trough 1 and the surface of the U-shaped plate 2. The two rotating belts 21 are mesh belts; the push plate 23 is a mesh plate; The inner rings of the two rotating belts 21 are provided with evenly arranged air pipes 24, and the two sides of the air pipes 24 extend out of the composting tank 1 and are connected to the external fan; the outer rings of the air pipes 24 are provided with evenly arranged air holes.

[0021] In practice, before composting the waste, the waste is first pre-treated by crushing and removing impurities to obtain composting raw materials. During composting, the raw materials are layered in the composting tank 1 and laid on the rotating belt 21 between two U-shaped plates 2. The height of the raw materials is located in the upper middle position of the U-shaped plates 2, and then the raw materials can be fermented. During the fermentation process, the temperature of the raw materials at different positions in the fermentation tank is detected by temperature sensors, and the fermentation status of the raw materials is monitored. Specifically, during the long-term fermentation of raw materials, in order to ensure the oxygen content within the raw materials and avoid the formation of oxygen-deficient areas, it is necessary to ventilate the raw materials regularly to replenish oxygen. Since the gas pipe 24 is connected to an external fan, when ventilation is required inside the raw materials, the fan is started, and the fan will guide the gas into the gas pipe 24. Since the gas pipe 24 has evenly distributed air holes, the gas entering the gas pipe 24 will be discharged through the air holes. Since the gas pipe 24 is located in the inner ring of the rotating belt 21, when the gas is sprayed out from the gas pipe 24, the gas will pass through the rotating belt 21 and act on the raw materials, thereby ventilating the raw materials. More specifically, during the ventilation process of the raw materials, the first motor 11 controls the drive rod 22 to rotate. The rotating drive rod 22 drives the rotating belts 21 to rotate in opposite directions: the rotating belt 21 on the right rotates clockwise, and the rotating belt 21 on the left rotates counterclockwise. During the rotation of the two rotating belts 21 located between the two U-shaped plates 2, each drives the push plate 23 to rotate towards the opposite side of the U-shaped plate 2. The rotating push plate 23 pushes the raw materials, which gradually move to one side of the U-shaped plate 2 and follow the rotating belts 21 and push plates to rotate between the rotating belts 21 and the U-shaped plate 2. The raw materials then continue to move along the U-shaped plate 2, following the rotating belts 21 and push plates 23. During the movement of the raw materials driven by the push plate 23... Since the air pipes 24 are located inside the rotating belt 21, the raw materials moving with the pusher plate 23 will pass by the multiple air pipes 24 in sequence, thereby allowing the raw materials to come into contact with the gas and replenish oxygen. When the raw materials move with the pusher plate 23 and the U-shaped plate 2 to the top of the U-shaped plate 2, the raw materials will fall down from the U-shaped plate 2 after detaching from the pusher plate 23, and land on the top of the original stack of raw materials. The bottom of the original stack of raw materials is pushed away by the pusher plate 23 and will fall down under its own weight, causing the raw materials to fall again above the rotating belt 21 and then be carried away by the rotating belt 21. This allows the raw materials to move from the bottom to the top in a circular manner, and during the movement of the raw materials, they will come into contact with the gas, thereby replenishing oxygen. Therefore, uniform ventilation of the raw materials can be achieved without turning the pile. Furthermore, the two rotating belts 21, rotating clockwise on the right and counterclockwise on the left, drive the pusher plate 23 to continuously push the inner layer of material at the bottom of the composting tank 1 to the top, and then allow the material to fall back to the bottom of the pile under its own gravity, forming a complete material circulation operation. During the circulation process, the material is gradually pushed by the pusher plate 23 and passes through each air pipe 24 area in sequence. The originally layered and compacted material is fully loosened, and the porosity is dynamically maintained. At the same time, each piece of material can come into contact with the gas discharged from the air pipe 24. There are no fixed dead corners of material, ensuring that all materials in the pile have equal opportunities for oxygen contact. This changes the situation in traditional equipment where some materials are oxygen-deficient due to long-term exposure to deep layers or the middle of the pipe gaps. At the same time, the rotating belts 21 obstruct the material, preventing the material from directly contacting the air pipe 24 and thus blocking the air pores on the air pipe 24. Traditional trough composting requires a separate turning machine to break up the anoxic zone, and even after turning, anoxic conditions may recur due to limited ventilation. However, this new equipment, during ventilation, uses the push plate 23 to circulate the raw materials while simultaneously achieving uniform mixing. This eliminates the problems of carbon-nitrogen ratio and moisture content imbalance caused by raw material stratification. Furthermore, it eliminates the need for a separate turning machine to turn the raw materials, reducing energy consumption and operational complexity of the independent turning process. It also ensures that the entire compost pile maintains a highly efficient aerobic fermentation state, avoiding the foul odor pollution caused by anaerobic fermentation, shortening the composting cycle, and ensuring the overall uniformity of composting.

[0022] As an embodiment of the present invention, the composting trough 1 has openings 12 on both sides, and the openings 12 correspond to the driven rod 3; Both ends of the driven rod 3 are provided with movable plates 31, and the two driven rods 3 on the same side rotate on the movable plates 31; the movable plates 31 are provided with sliding grooves 32 on both sides near the compost trough 1 where no opening 12 is opened. The movable plates 31 slide within adjacent grooves 32; mounting brackets 33 are fixed on both sides of the composting trough 1; screw rods 34 rotate on the mounting brackets 33, and the other side of the screw rods 34 extends into the grooves 32 and rotates within the grooves 32. Each of the movable plates 31 has a threaded groove, and each of the lead screws 34 passes through the threaded groove and is driven by the threaded groove; each of the threaded rods is driven by the second motor 35. In this embodiment, a guide plate 36 is fixed inside each opening 12, and the guide plate 36 extends out of the opening 12.

[0023] During implementation, after the raw material fermentation is complete, the second motor 35 drives the lead screw 34 to rotate. Because the lead screw 34 rotates spirally with the threaded groove in the moving plate 31, the rotation of the lead screw 34 causes the moving plate 31 to move towards the opening 12. Simultaneously, the moving plate 31 drives two driven rods 3 to move. These driven rods 3 then cause the rotating belt 21 to gradually move out of the opening 12. When the moving plate 31 reaches its limit position, the rotating belt 21 moves out of the opening 12, and the push plate 23 contacts the bottom guide plate 36. Then, the first motor 11 drives the two rotating belts 21 to continue rotating. The push plate 23, following the rotation of the rotating belt 21, pushes the raw material. When the raw material moves to the top of the rotating belt 21 with the push plate 23, it passes through the opening 12 and finally falls from the top of the rotating belt 21. Since the rotating belt 21 cyclically drives the raw material, it can gradually carry the raw material out, eliminating the need for manual removal of the fermented material. After the raw material falls from the rotating belt 21, a collection bin is placed at the bottom to collect it. It should be noted that before the raw materials are fermented, and when the raw materials are laid inside the composting tank 1, the moving plate 31 can be controlled to drive the rotating belt 21 through the outlet 12 and extend to the outside, so as to make it easier to lay the raw materials. After the raw materials are laid, the moving plate 31 is controlled to drive the rotating belt to move above the U-shaped plate 2. Specifically, during the fermentation stage, the rotating belt 21 is fixed above the U-shaped plate inside the tank, functioning normally for material circulation and three-dimensional ventilation. During the discharge stage, the second motor 35 drives the moving plate 31 to move the rotating belt 21 out of the tank through the opening 12. The first motor 11 is then started to drive the rotating belt 21 to rotate in a cycle. The pusher plate 23 continuously pushes the decomposed raw materials in the tank to the top of the rotating belt 21, and then smoothly slides down through the opening 12 along the guide plate 36 into the collection bin. The entire discharge process is fully automated by mechanical transmission, eliminating the need for manual entry into the tank for cleaning, which greatly reduces labor intensity. This avoids the inefficiency and increased labor required by traditional trough composting, which relies on turning machines for pushing and manual assistance for cleaning.

[0024] As an embodiment of the present invention; each of the two U-shaped plates 2 is provided with multiple rotating shafts on opposite sides, and the ends of both sides of the rotating shafts rotate within the composting trough 1; The rotating shaft is fixed with evenly arranged lever plates 4; the U-shaped plate 2 is provided with multiple arc-shaped grooves 41, and the arc-shaped grooves 41 penetrate through the U-shaped plate 2; The push plate 4 extends into the arc-shaped groove 41 and intersects with the push plate 23; In this embodiment, slides 42 are provided on both sides of the inner cavity of the composting tank 1 where there is no opening 12; Multiple sliders slide within the slide rail 42; each slider is fixed with a scraper 43, and the scrapers 43 are all in contact with the inner cavity of the composting trough 1; the lever 4 intersects with one of the scrapers 43. Multiple sliders are fixed together on a vertical rod 44; the top of the vertical rod 44 extends out of the composting trough 1 and is slidably connected to the composting trough 1; an end cap is fixed to the top of the vertical rod 44, and a spring is connected between the vertical rod 44 and the top of the composting trough 1. During implementation, since the lever plate 4 and the push plate 23 partially intersect, as the push plate 23 moves upward along the U-shaped plate 2, it will come into contact with the lever plate 4 and push the lever plate 4 to rotate. When the lever plate 4 rotates, it will push the raw material between the two U-shaped plates 2 downward, thereby preventing the raw material from piling up on the U-shaped plate 2 and being unable to fall downward. Specifically, since the lever 4 and the scraper 43 intersect, when the lever 4 rotates, it will push the scraper 43 to move down along the other two sides of the composting tank 1, and drive the upright 44 to move down through the slider. The moving upright 44 will compress the spring under the end cover. When the lever 4 disengages from the scraper 43, the spring will drive the upright 44 to move up, and the upright 44 will drive the scraper 43 to move up, thereby preventing the material from piling up on the side wall of the composting tank 1 and falling down.

[0025] As an embodiment of the present invention; both sides of the upright 44 are provided with mounting plates 5, and the mounting plates 5 are fixed to the top of the composting trough 1; A hydraulic cylinder 51 is fixed on each of the mounting plates 5; a fixing plate 52 is fixed to the bottom of each of the hydraulic cylinders 51; An elongated oval plate 53 is provided between the two opposing fixed plates 52; the side of the elongated oval plate 53 closest to the U-shaped plate 2 rotates between the two fixed plates 52, and in the initial state the elongated oval plate 53 is vertically upward; An installation compartment is provided inside the fixing plate 52; a servo motor 54 is installed inside the installation compartment, and the servo motor 54 is used to drive the elongated plate 53 to rotate. In this embodiment, a driven belt 55 rotates on the outer ring surface of the elongated plate 53; The driven belt 55 has uniformly arranged long plates 56 fixed on its outer ring surface, and the long plates 56 intersect with the push plate 23. During implementation, the elongated cylindrical plate 53 is initially vertically upward. When stacking raw materials, the elongated cylindrical plate 53 is above the composting tank 1 and does not affect the stacking process. After the raw materials are stacked, the hydraulic cylinder 51 is extended. The extended hydraulic cylinder 51 will drive the mounting plate 5 to move down. The mounting plate 5 will drive the elongated cylindrical plate 53 to gradually move down into the composting tank 1. When the hydraulic cylinder 51 extends to its limit position, the servo motor 54 is rotated. The rotating servo motor 54 will gradually drive the elongated cylindrical plate 53 to rotate to a horizontal state and move closer to the U-shaped plate 2. Then, the moving plate 31 is controlled to drive the rotating belt 21 to move and move the rotating belt 21 above the U-shaped plate 2. When the rotating belt 21 moves above the U-shaped plate 2, the push plate 23 on the rotating belt 21 intersects with the long plate 56 on the outer ring of the driven belt 55. Specifically, when the rotating belt 21 moves the raw material to the top of the U-shaped plate 2, the raw material will first move along the top of the U-shaped plate 2, and then move to the top of the driven belt 55. During the rotation of the rotating belt 21 and the push plate 23, the driven belt 55 will be pushed to rotate. The driven belt 55 will move the raw material above it. When the raw material moves to the end of the driven belt 55, it will fall off. During this process, the servo motor 54 drives the elongated plate 53 to rotate downwards by 90 degrees. After rotating to 90 degrees, the elongated plate 53 is controlled to reverse. When the elongated plate 53 is reversed to the initial position, the elongated plate 53 continues to be controlled to rotate downwards. During the back-and-forth rotation of the elongated plate 53, the raw material falls off the end of the driven belt 55 at the same time. During this process, the position of the falling raw material can be changed, so that the raw material is relatively evenly spread on top of the original raw material.

[0026] More specifically, the servo motor 54 drives the elongated plate 53 to rotate back and forth, which can adjust the drop position of the raw materials, so that the raw materials are no longer concentrated in a single area, but are evenly covered on the top of the pile. This avoids local height differences caused by the accumulation of raw materials in the pile, ensures that the overall height of the pile is consistent and the structure is loose, and provides a uniform pile environment for the airflow penetration of the three-dimensional ventilation system, further enhancing the fermentation advantages of the anoxic zone.

[0027] As one embodiment of the present invention; a conical hopper 13 is fixed at the bottom of the composting trough 1, and the conical hopper 13 is located between two rotating belts 21; The conical chamber 13 has an arc surface on the side facing the rotating belt 21; the push plate 23 passes through the arc surface; In this embodiment, a guide groove 14 is provided at the bottom of the rotating belt 21 at the bottom of the composting tank 1; The guide channel 14 penetrates the composting tank 1 on both sides; a valve is installed on one side of the guide channel 14 that penetrates the composting tank 1. During implementation, as the pusher plate 23 rotates along the arc surfaces on both sides of the conical chamber 13, when the raw material falls downwards, it will be separated by the conical chamber 13. The rotating pusher plate 23 will carry away the separated raw material, thereby preventing some raw material from being located between the two rotating belts 21 and unable to be driven by the rotating pusher plate 23, which would prevent some raw material from being ventilated. Specifically, a certain amount of leachate will be generated during the raw material fermentation process. Since the rotating belt 21 is a mesh belt, the leachate will drip down through the rotating belt 21 and into the guide trough 14. The presence of the rotating belt 21 can isolate the raw material and prevent it from falling into the guide trough 14. Since there is a valve in the guide trough 14, when it is necessary to clean the leachate, the valve can be opened to discharge the leachate and prevent the leachate from accumulating at the bottom of the composting tank 1.

[0028] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the appendix. Figure 1 The orientations or positional relationships shown are for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description only, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used to distinguish the description and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0029] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A composting and fermentation device for agricultural and forestry waste, characterized in that, Includes a composting trough (1); the composting trough (1) is equipped with a turning mechanism; The turning mechanism includes two U-shaped plates (2), and the U-shaped plates (2) are respectively arranged on both sides of the inner cavity of the composting tank (1); the two ends of the U-shaped plates (2) are fixed inside the composting tank (1); The openings (12) of the two U-shaped plates (2) are opposite each other and are spaced apart from the sidewall of the composting trough (1) on the opposite side of the two U-shaped plates (2); A rotating belt (21) is provided between the two U-shaped plates (2) and the side wall of the composting tank (1), and the rotating belt (21) is mirrored; the bottom of the composting tank (1) has two driving rods (22) that rotate, and the driving rods (22) extend to the outside of the composting tank (1) and are driven by the first motor (11); The drive rod (22) passes through the rotating belt (21) and is used to drive the rotating belt (21) to rotate; the top of the composting tank (1) is provided with two driven rods (3), and the driven rods (3) pass through the rotating belt (21); The outer ring surface of the rotating belt (21) is provided with uniformly arranged push plates (23), and the push plates (23) are all in contact with the inner surface of the composting trough (1) and the surface of the U-shaped plate (2); The two rotating belts (21) are mesh belts; the push plate (23) is a mesh plate; The inner rings of the two rotating belts (21) are provided with uniformly arranged air pipes (24), and the two sides of the air pipes (24) extend out from the composting tank (1) and are connected to the external fan; the outer rings of the air pipes (24) are provided with uniformly arranged air holes.

2. The agricultural and forestry waste composting and fermentation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composting trough (1) has openings (12) on both sides, and the openings (12) correspond to the driven rod (3); The driven rod (3) is provided with a movable plate (31) at both ends, and the two driven rods (3) on the same side rotate on the movable plate (31); the movable plate (31) is provided with a sliding groove (32) on both sides near the composting trough (1) where there is no opening (12); The movable plates (31) slide in adjacent troughs (32); mounting brackets (33) are fixed on both sides of the composting trough (1); screws (34) rotate on the mounting brackets (33), and the other side of the screws (34) extends into the trough (32) and rotates in the trough (32); Each of the movable plates (31) has a threaded groove, and each lead screw (34) passes through the threaded groove and is driven by the threaded groove; each of the threaded rods is driven by a second motor (35).

3. The agricultural and forestry waste composting and fermentation equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: Each of the openings (12) is fixed with a guide plate (36), and the guide plate (36) extends out of the opening (12).

4. The agricultural and forestry waste composting and fermentation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the two U-shaped plates (2) is provided with multiple rotating shafts on one side, and the ends of both sides of the rotating shafts rotate within the composting trough (1); The rotating shaft is fixed with evenly arranged lever plates (4); the U-shaped plate (2) is provided with multiple arc-shaped grooves (41), and the arc-shaped grooves (41) penetrate the U-shaped plate (2); The push plate (4) extends into the arc groove (41) and intersects with the push plate (23).

5. The agricultural and forestry waste composting and fermentation equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The composting trough (1) has slides (42) on both sides of the cavity without openings (12); Multiple sliders slide within the slide rail (42); each slider is fixed with a scraper (43), and the scrapers (43) are all in contact with the inner cavity of the composting trough (1); the pusher (4) intersects with one of the scrapers (43); Multiple sliders are fixed together on a vertical rod (44); the top of the vertical rod (44) extends out of the composting trough (1) and is slidably connected to the composting trough (1); the top of the vertical rod (44) is fixed with an end cap, and the vertical rod (44) is connected to the top of the composting trough (1) with a spring.

6. The agricultural and forestry waste composting and fermentation equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The upright (44) is provided with mounting plates (5) on both sides, and the mounting plates (5) are fixed to the top of the composting trough (1); A hydraulic cylinder (51) is fixed on each of the mounting plates (5); a fixing plate (52) is fixed to the bottom of each of the hydraulic cylinders (51); An elongated oval plate (53) is provided between the two opposing fixed plates (52); the elongated oval plate (53) rotates between the two fixed plates (52) on the side closer to the U-shaped plate (2), and in the initial state the elongated oval plate (53) is vertically upward; An installation compartment is provided inside the fixed plate (52); a servo motor (54) is installed inside the installation compartment, and the servo motor (54) is used to drive the elongated plate (53) to rotate.

7. The agricultural and forestry waste composting and fermentation equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: The outer ring surface of the elongated cylindrical plate (53) has a driven belt (55) that rotates. The driven belt (55) has a uniformly arranged long plate (56) fixed on its outer ring surface, and the long plate (56) intersects with the push plate (23).

8. The agricultural and forestry waste composting and fermentation equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bottom of the composting trough (1) is fixed with a conical hopper (13), and the conical hopper (13) is located between two rotating belts (21); The conical chamber (13) has an arc-shaped surface on the side facing the rotating belt (21); The push plate (23) passes through the arc surface.

9. The agricultural and forestry waste composting and fermentation equipment according to claim 8, characterized in that: The bottom of the rotating belt (21) is provided with a guide groove (14) at the bottom of the composting tank (1); The guide channel (14) extends through the composting tank (1) on both sides; a valve is installed on one side of the guide channel (14) that extends through the composting tank (1).

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