Special fermentation conditioner for saline-alkali soil and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a special fermentation conditioner for saline-alkali soil and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of agricultural environment treatment and soil improvement, in particular to a special fermentation conditioner for saline-alkali soil and a preparation method thereof.The special fermentation conditioner for saline-alkali soil is prepared from, by volume, 30% of vinegar residues, 50% of smashed straw, 15% of farmyard manure and 5% of ferrous sulfate. The farmyard manure is processed from manure of pigs, cows, sheep or chickens. During preparation, the raw materials are mixed and then placed in a hotbed with the width of 5-10 m, the length of 10-20 m and the height of 0.5-0.6 m, the mixture is sprayed through a micro-spraying belt and covered with plastic cloth for high-temperature fermentation, and the period is about 10 days. When the saline-alkali soil is improved, the conditioner is spread by 10cm in thickness and mechanically mixed with the soil by 50cm in depth, and then spray irrigation is performed for 24 hours, so that the total salt content of the soil is less than or equal to 0.3%, and the pH value is less than or equal to 8.5. The saline-alkali soil conditioner can effectively reduce the saline-alkali degree and improve the soil structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural environmental management and soil improvement technology, specifically to a special fermentation conditioner for saline-alkali land and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Saline-alkali soil is a widely distributed type of low-yield soil on Earth, its formation influenced by a variety of factors including climate, hydrology, geology, and unreasonable human activities (such as improper irrigation and excessive fertilization). The core obstacle of this type of soil is its excessive content of soluble salts and / or exchangeable sodium, leading to increased soil solution osmotic pressure and deterioration of physicochemical properties. Specifically, this manifests as soil compaction, poor structure, poor aeration, and a high pH value (typically above 8.5). These adverse characteristics severely restrict seed germination, crop root growth, and the absorption of water and nutrients, ultimately resulting in reduced crop yields or even crop failure, posing a serious threat to food security and sustainable agricultural development.

[0003] Traditional methods for improving saline-alkali land mainly include water conservancy engineering measures (such as digging drainage ditches, using water to suppress salt, and leaching salt with fresh water), chemical measures (such as applying acidic substances or calcium sources like gypsum, phosphogypsum, and sulfur to replace sodium ions and neutralize alkalinity), and agricultural biological measures (such as planting salt-tolerant crops, deep plowing and sun-drying, and increasing the application of organic fertilizers). However, these methods often have certain limitations: water conservancy engineering measures require huge investments and consume a lot of water, making them difficult to apply on a large scale in areas with scarce freshwater resources; while chemical amendments are relatively quick to take effect, long-term use may lead to high costs and potential environmental risks; and single agricultural biological measures have long improvement cycles and slow results.

[0004] In recent years, the bio-fermentation of organic waste to prepare soil conditioners has become a popular green and low-cost method for soil improvement. The core of this method lies in the aerobic fermentation process of microorganisms, which transforms organic materials such as agricultural straw, livestock manure, and food processing byproducts (such as vinegar residue) into stable humus. This fermentation product not only significantly increases soil organic matter content, improves soil aggregate structure, and enhances soil buffering capacity and water and fertilizer retention, but the organic acids (such as humic acid and fulvic acid) produced during decomposition can also effectively neutralize soil alkalinity, complex salt ions, and promote salt leaching and transformation.

[0005] Although the concept of using organic materials for soil improvement through fermentation has been widely accepted, developing specialized and efficient fermentation conditioner formulations and supporting application technologies remains a key challenge, especially considering the unique complex obstacles of saline-alkali land, such as salinity, alkalinity, compaction, and poor soil quality. Some existing fermentation products may suffer from issues such as suboptimal raw material ratios, imperfect fermentation processes, or unclear interaction mechanisms with saline-alkali soils, affecting the stability and universality of their soil improvement effects. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a special fermentation conditioner for saline-alkali land and its preparation method. The conditioner is made by fermenting vinegar residue, straw powder, farmyard manure and ferrous sulfate in a specific ratio. A specific laying and mixing process is adopted to effectively reduce the total salt content and pH value of the soil, thereby rapidly and efficiently improving the soil structure and enhancing fertility of saline-alkali land.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this invention provides a special fermentation conditioner for saline-alkali soil and its preparation method, comprising the following raw materials by volume percentage: 30% vinegar residue, 50% crushed straw, 15% farmyard manure, and 5% ferrous sulfate. This formula fully considers the dual needs of structural improvement and chemical property regulation of saline-alkali soil. Vinegar residue, a byproduct of the brewing industry, contains abundant organic acids and a small amount of active substances such as ethanol, which can neutralize soil alkalinity and promote mineral dissolution. The fibrous material formed after straw crushing not only provides a carbon source for microorganisms, but its physical properties also effectively improve soil aggregate structure and prevent compaction. The addition of farmyard manure introduces a large number of beneficial microbial communities and basic nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Ferrous sulfate, as a key chemical conditioner, has iron ions that react with carbonates in the soil to form precipitates, lowering the pH value. Simultaneously, sulfate ions can replace sodium ions on soil colloids, promoting salt leaching. This combination of organic and inorganic components achieves a synergistic improvement effect on saline-alkali soil.

[0008] Furthermore, the farmyard manure includes one or more processed organic fertilizers selected from pig manure, cow manure, sheep manure, and chicken manure. These livestock and poultry manures require a composting process of 2-3 months to ensure full decomposition and eliminate pathogens and weed seeds. Pig manure is characterized by its fine texture and high nutrient content, but its high water content necessitates mixing with materials such as straw to regulate its consistency. Cow manure is rich in fiber, significantly improving the looseness of the compost. Sheep manure is a heat-generating fertilizer, generating high temperatures during fermentation. Chicken manure has the highest nitrogen and phosphorus content, but requires deodorization before use. In actual production, two or more types of manure are often scientifically mixed based on local livestock and poultry farming structures and resource conditions. For example, a 7:3 mixing ratio of pig manure to cow manure ensures nutrient supply while improving material permeability.

[0009] Further, the process includes the following steps: uniformly mixing all raw materials and setting up a conditioning agent bed for fermentation. Specific operations must adhere to the principles of layered laying and mechanical turning. First, according to the formula ratio, layer the vinegar residue, straw powder, and well-rotted farmyard manure onto a hardened surface. Ferrous sulfate needs to be crushed, sieved, and then evenly spread on the surface of the materials. Use a loader or specialized mixing equipment to perform 3-4 cycles of turning to ensure uniform distribution of each component. The moisture content of the mixture should be controlled between 55% and 60%, ideally forming a clump when squeezed in the hand, with no water seeping out between the fingers. Then, construct the fermentation bed, laying ventilated bamboo poles or perforated pipes at the bottom to facilitate oxygen circulation. After piling the materials, compact the surface to form an arch shape to prevent excessive heat loss.

[0010] Furthermore, the dimensions of the conditioning agent bed are: width 5-10m, length 10-20m, and height 0.5-0.6m. This size range represents the optimal parameters verified through multiple practical trials. Controlling the width within this range ensures the temperature difference between the center and edge of the material does not exceed 15℃, preventing uneven fermentation. The length design considers the convenience of mechanical operation, suitable for the linear reciprocating operation of the turning equipment. The 0.5-0.6m height maintains the necessary fermentation temperature without causing anaerobic fermentation due to excessive pile height. In actual construction, the bed should be oriented north-south to receive sunlight evenly, with a 2m wide working passage between beds, and a surrounding dike approximately 20cm high to prevent rainwater backflow. During winter fermentation, the pile height can be appropriately increased to 0.7m, while in summer it should be reduced to 0.5m to facilitate heat dissipation.

[0011] Furthermore, the fermentation process includes: after the raw materials are mixed, spray irrigation is performed, followed by covering with plastic sheeting for high-temperature fermentation. Spraying should use rotating nozzles to achieve atomized water spraying, avoiding material separation caused by water flow impact. The initial spray should ensure water penetrates to the bottom of the pile, and subsequently, the material moisture content should be checked every 3 days, with supplemental spraying as needed. The covering plastic sheeting should be black or silver-black double-sided film, with a thickness of not less than 0.08mm, and the edges should be sealed tightly with sandbags. During fermentation, the material temperature should be maintained between 55-65℃; when the temperature exceeds 70℃, the film should be removed promptly to dissipate heat. It is particularly important to note that the first turning of the pile is required on days 5-7 of fermentation, turning the outer material into the inner part to ensure uniform fermentation.

[0012] Furthermore, the spray irrigation system employs micro-sprinkler tape for uniform spraying. The micro-sprinkler tape should be a labyrinthine drip irrigation tape with an aperture of 0.8-1.0 mm, operating at a working pressure of 1.5-2.0 atmospheres. The laying spacing is adjusted according to water pressure, generally maintaining a spacing of 1.5-2.0 m, ensuring that the spray radii overlap by more than 30%. Each spraying session should last 40-60 minutes, allowing water to slowly penetrate to the center of the pile. To improve the spraying effect, EM bacterial solution or humic acid activator can be added to the water, diluted at a ratio of 1:200, and applied simultaneously. The micro-sprinkler system should be equipped with a filter to prevent clogging, and antifreeze protection measures should be taken in winter.

[0013] Furthermore, the high-temperature fermentation is achieved through sunlight exposure and the spontaneous temperature rise of the mixed materials, with a fermentation cycle of approximately 10 days. The fermentation process can be divided into three distinct stages: the first 3 days are the heating period, during which rapid microbial reproduction raises the temperature to 45-50℃; days 4-7 are the sustained high-temperature period, during which thermophilic bacteria actively maintain a peak temperature of 55-65℃; and the last 3 days are the cooling and maturation period, during which the temperature gradually decreases to below 40℃. Throughout the process, a digital thermometer is used to monitor temperature changes at three different depths daily. When the material turns dark brown, has no odor, and has an earthy fragrance, fermentation is complete. If there is continuous rainy weather, the fermentation period should be extended by 2-3 days, and fermentation aids can be added if necessary to ensure the quality of the composting.

[0014] Furthermore, the fermentation conditioner as described in any one of claims 1-2 is spread on the leveled surface of the saline-alkali land to a thickness of 10 cm. Before construction, the saline-alkali land needs to be finely leveled, using a laser leveler to control the surface elevation difference within ±3 cm. Depending on the degree of soil salinization, 8-10 cubic meters of conditioner are applied per acre, spread evenly using a dump truck and scraper. The best time to apply the conditioner is in spring when the soil temperature is stable above 10℃, as soil microbial activity begins to recover, facilitating the rapid action of the conditioner. For severely saline-alkali land (total salt content >1%), shallow rotary tillage can be performed first to break up the surface crust before spreading the conditioner to enhance the improvement effect.

[0015] Furthermore, after the conditioner is spread, it is mechanically mixed evenly with the soil to a depth of 50cm. A high-horsepower tractor equipped with a deep tillage rotary mixer is recommended for this operation, with the blade speed controlled at 200-250 rpm and the travel speed maintained at 3-4 km / h. The mixing should be performed twice using a cross-hatching method to ensure thorough mixing of the conditioner with the soil. For heavy, clayey saline-alkali soils, a deep tillage of 40cm can be performed first to break up the plow pan before rotary tillage and mixing. After the operation, the soil should achieve a "loose topsoil, compacted bottoms" state, with the top 10cm being loose and the lower soil maintaining appropriate compaction. This facilitates salt leaching while preventing excessive moisture evaporation.

[0016] Furthermore, after the mixing is completed, continuous sprinkler irrigation is carried out for 24 hours to reduce the total salt content of the soil to below 0.3% and the pH value to below 8.5. The sprinkler system should use low-angle rotating nozzles to ensure even distribution of water droplets and prevent runoff. The irrigation volume should be controlled at 80-100 cubic meters per acre, implemented in three phases: a small flow rate for the first 8 hours to moisten the soil layer, a larger flow rate for the middle 8 hours to leach salts, and a gradual reduction in water volume for the last 8 hours. Soil samples should be collected for testing 3-5 days after irrigation; if the standards are not met, a second leaching is required. In areas with high groundwater levels, drainage ditches should be dug simultaneously, with a depth of 1.2-1.5 meters and a spacing of 15-20 meters, to ensure that the leached salts can be discharged from the soil in a timely manner.

[0017] This invention provides a special fermentation conditioner for saline-alkali land and its preparation method, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. Achieve the dual benefits of waste resource utilization and soil structure improvement. The core raw materials of this fermented conditioner—vinegar residue, straw powder, and farmyard manure—are all waste products from agricultural or agricultural by-product processing. Through a specific process, these are transformed into a saline-alkali land conditioner, achieving a classic example of "turning waste into treasure." This not only significantly reduces the production cost of the conditioner and the economic threshold for saline-alkali land improvement, but more importantly, the application of these organic materials to the soil after fermentation and decomposition greatly increases the organic matter content of the saline-alkali land. The increase in organic matter acts like injecting a "sponge" into compacted soil, effectively improving its granular structure and enhancing its permeability and water retention capacity. This improvement in physical structure is the foundation for the ecological restoration of saline-alkali land, creating prerequisites for the extension of crop roots and the proliferation of microorganisms, breaking the vicious cycle of saline-alkali land being "a mess when wet and a knife when dry," with benefits far exceeding those of simply using chemical conditioners.

[0018] The high-temperature fermentation process ensures the safety and efficacy of the product. The crucial step of "high-temperature fermentation under plastic sheeting" (claims 5 and 7) in this preparation method is of significant value. Under sustained high-temperature conditions (typically reaching 50-60°C or even higher) for about 10 days, pathogens, insect eggs, and weed seeds in the material can be effectively killed, thus producing a hygienic and harmless mature organic fertilizer. This process avoids the risks of root burn and disease transmission that may arise from directly using fresh farmyard manure. Simultaneously, high-temperature fermentation greatly accelerates the decomposition and humification of organic matter in the material, transforming large molecules of organic matter that are difficult for plants to absorb into small molecules of readily available humic acids and other active substances. This makes the final product not only safe but also more readily available for soil and crop utilization, allowing it to quickly improve the soil structure and enhance the bioavailability and improvement efficiency of the conditioner.

[0019] Utilize the synergistic effect of ferrous sulfate and organic acids in reducing alkali and eliminating salt. This formula combines 5% ferrous sulfate with organic matter such as vinegar residue rich in organic acids (claim 1). It's not a simple physical mixture, but rather a clever synergistic effect produced during fermentation and application. Ferrous sulfate itself provides iron and neutralizes alkalinity, while during fermentation and in the soil, it gradually oxidizes to produce sulfuric acid, directly neutralizing the alkalinity of the soil. More importantly, the vinegar residue produces a large amount of organic acids during fermentation, which, together with ferrous sulfate, effectively activate and replace sodium ions firmly adsorbed by saline-alkali soil. The replaced sodium ions, combined with subsequent large-scale sprinkler irrigation (related claims), can be effectively leached into the deeper soil layers or removed from the soil, thereby fundamentally reducing soil alkalinity and salinity. This combination of "chemical activation" and "physical leaching" is more effective than any single measure in reducing soil pH and total salt content.

[0020] Achieving three-dimensional improvement of soil topsoil through unique agronomic practices This improvement method emphasizes the uniform mixing of the conditioner with the soil to a depth of up to 50 cm using machinery after spreading it (claim 9). This is a deep, three-dimensional improvement strategy. Compared to applying the conditioner only to the surface or shallow layer, this deep mixing ensures that the improver can directly act on the main distribution layer of the crop root system. It allows organic matter, beneficial microorganisms, and active ingredients such as ferrous sulfate to fully mix and contact with the saline-alkali soil throughout the entire tillage layer, greatly increasing the reaction interface and allowing the improvement effect to spread throughout the entire root zone soil. This method not only rapidly and uniformly improves the physical and chemical properties of the topsoil, but also creates a vertical channel for the desalination and dealkali removal of deep soil layers, avoiding the drawback of the bottom salts and alkalis "returning" with water evaporation after surface improvement, thus achieving a lasting and stable improvement effect.

[0021] Establish rapid and quantifiable improvement standards to ensure effective implementation. This method explicitly sets forth specific acceptance criteria at the application stage: "to reduce the total soil salt content to below 0.3% and the pH value to below 8.5" (related claims). This quantitative standard provides clear and measurable targets for the improvement project, avoiding the blind spots in the work. Continuous 24-hour sprinkler irrigation ensures sufficient water, a key driver for salt leaching. Clear indicators allow for accurate evaluation of the improvement effect, guiding contractors to determine whether leaching is sufficient and whether adjustments are needed. This standardized process not only ensures that each improvement project achieves the expected basic results but also makes the technical solution easy to promote, replicate, and accept, possessing strong operability and quality controllability, which is crucial for the successful implementation of large-scale saline-alkali land management projects. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and those skilled in the art can derive other embodiments based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the raw material ratio for the fermentation conditioner of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the mixing and warm bed setup process of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the fermentation process of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating the spreading and mixing process for improving saline-alkali land according to the present invention. Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating the sprinkler irrigation and effect verification process of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0024] Exemplary embodiments will now be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numerals in different drawings denote the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with this disclosure. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatuses consistent with some aspects of this disclosure as detailed in the appended claims.

[0025] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] Example 1: Rice cultivation in slightly saline-alkali coastal areas Location and Background: This project is being conducted in a newly reclaimed area along the Yellow Sea coast. The land was originally coastal mudflats, which have been converted into agricultural land after initial reclamation. The soil is heavy and poorly permeable, with white salt deposits commonly visible on the surface. Preliminary tests show that the total salt content in the top 0-20cm layer is approximately 0.6%, and the pH value is about 8.8. The plan is to improve the soil and use it for rice cultivation, using water to suppress salt and to test the effectiveness of the conditioner.

[0027] Implementation Process: First, when the spring temperature is consistently above 15℃, land leveling is carried out using a grader to ensure even irrigation and drainage. Then, a pre-prepared fermented conditioner specifically for saline-alkali land (composed of 30% vinegar residue, 50% crushed straw, 15% pig manure, and 5% ferrous sulfate, fermented at high temperatures for 10 days) is evenly spread on the surface using a fertilizer spreader, strictly controlling the thickness to 10cm. Immediately after spreading, a high-powered rotary tiller is used for deep tillage, thoroughly mixing the conditioner with the topsoil. The tillage depth must reach 50cm to break up the existing compacted soil layer and improve the deeper soil structure. Following deep tillage, fresh water is immediately introduced for continuous 24-hour flood irrigation, maintaining the water level above the soil surface. This aims to fully dissolve soluble salts in the soil and leach them into deeper layers or drain them into pre-designated drainage ditches.

[0028] Results and Effects: After continuous sprinkler irrigation, the soil was allowed to drain. Three days later, soil testing showed that the total salt content had decreased to 0.25%, and the pH value had dropped to 8.3. Soil physical properties were significantly improved; the soil felt looser, and the previous compaction was alleviated. Rice seedlings were transplanted one week later. The seedlings recovered quickly and grew significantly better than the control plot that did not use the conditioner. At harvest, the rice yield reached 450 kg / mu, significantly higher than the 300 kg / mu of the control area. This demonstrates that the conditioner, combined with deep plowing and irrigation, has a significant effect on improving slightly saline-alkali coastal soil, successfully enabling normal rice cultivation.

[0029] Example 2: Demonstration of rapid improvement of saline-alkali wasteland in Northwest inland Location and Background: The selected site is a long-abandoned saline-alkali land in the arid inland region of Northwest China. The soil is sandy with poor water and fertilizer retention capacity and sparse vegetation. Soil salinity is mainly composed of sulfates and chlorides, with a total salt content as high as 0.9% and a pH of 9.2, classifying it as moderately salinized. The goal is to rapidly improve the soil and lay the foundation for subsequent planting of salt-tolerant forage grasses or crops.

[0030] Implementation Process: To avoid salt accumulation due to high temperatures and strong evaporation in summer, construction was carried out in early autumn. First, a heavy-duty notched rake was used to break up the hardened surface crust, followed by fine leveling. A fermented conditioner (in this case, a mixture of cow and sheep manure was used as one of the raw materials) was evenly spread in a 10cm thickness. Then, a subsoiler was used instead of a rotary tiller, with the subsoil depth controlled at 50cm. This method better creates channels for salt leaching without disturbing the soil layers. Immediately after subsoiling, a sprinkler irrigation system was installed for 24 hours of continuous, low-intensity irrigation to ensure slow infiltration and prevent runoff. The irrigation water volume was precisely calculated to meet leaching needs without wasting water resources.

[0031] Results and Effects: One week after the improvement treatment, soil total salt content was successfully reduced to 0.28%, and pH value was reduced to 8.4, exceeding expectations. Soil organic matter content was increased due to the addition of the conditioner, and water retention was also improved. Salt-tolerant oat grass sown in the autumn of that year emerged uniformly and formed effective cover before winter, effectively suppressing spring salt return. This example demonstrates that this conditioner and its application method have the ability to rapidly desalinate and reduce alkali in arid inland wastelands with high salinity, the key being precise water management in conjunction with it.

[0032] Example 3: Treatment of Secondary Saline-Alkaliized Farmland in the Hetao Irrigation District Location and Background: A corner of the Hetao Irrigation District, where long-term flooding and poor drainage have led to a rise in the groundwater level, causing secondary salinization. The soil in this area is loam, which was originally of good fertility, but in recent years, salt patches have begun to appear on the surface, making it difficult for crops to emerge during spring sowing. Tests show that the total salt content in the salt patch areas is around 0.5%, and the pH value is 8.6.

[0033] Implementation Process: Addressing the uneven distribution of salt patches, a combination of targeted localized improvement and comprehensive improvement was adopted. First, the entire plot was leveled. Then, for severely salted areas, the conditioner was doubled in thickness to 15cm, while for lightly salted areas, it was spread to the standard 10cm. A large rotary tiller was used to evenly till the entire field to a depth of 50cm, ensuring the conditioner was fully integrated with the soil and simultaneously clearing the damaged plow pan to improve drainage. After tilling, the existing irrigation system was integrated, and furrow irrigation was implemented for 24 hours continuously, ensuring the drainage ditches remained clear so that leached salt could be effectively discharged from the field.

[0034] Results and Effects: After treatment, soil salinity distribution became more uniform, and existing salt patches disappeared. The total salt content of the soil decreased to below 0.2%, and the pH value decreased to 8.2. Soil aggregate structure improved, and moisture retention capacity was enhanced. The germination rate of sunflowers planted the following spring significantly increased, reaching over 85%, and the seedlings grew vigorously without showing symptoms of salinity damage. This example demonstrates that this method is highly effective in addressing secondary salinization caused by improper irrigation management, and can restore and improve soil fertility.

[0035] Example 4: Improvement of vegetable greenhouses on slightly saline-alkali land Location and Background: A newly built greenhouse for vegetable cultivation in the North China Plain. The soil inside the greenhouse is slightly saline-alkaline, with a total salt content of 0.4% and a pH of 8.5. It is planned to be used for growing cucumbers, a vegetable that is relatively sensitive to salt. The greenhouse environment is controllable, providing conditions for refined soil improvement.

[0036] Implementation Process: During the summer fallow period of the greenhouse, a combination of high-temperature fumigation and soil improvement was implemented. First, the soil was deeply tilled and exposed to the sun. Then, a fermented conditioner (in this case, farmyard manure, primarily chicken manure, was chosen due to its rapid fertilizing effect) was evenly spread on the soil surface inside the greenhouse at a thickness of 10cm. A small rotary tiller was used for fine tillage to a depth of 50cm to ensure the conditioner was thoroughly mixed with the soil. Subsequently, the greenhouse vents were sealed, and a new, light-transmitting plastic film was laid over the ground. A drip irrigation system was then activated for continuous 24-hour irrigation to saturate the soil. Taking advantage of the sunny summer weather, the high temperature and humidity environment inside the greenhouse promoted salt leaching and, combined with sunlight, underwent secondary disinfection and further promoted the conversion of organic matter.

[0037] Results and Effects: After the soil was treated by fumigation, the film was removed and the soil was allowed to dry. Tests showed that the total salt content of the soil decreased to 0.18%, and the pH value decreased to 8.1. Not only was the salinity and alkalinity problem eliminated, but the addition of the conditioner and high-temperature fermentation also led to an active beneficial microbial community and a significant improvement in soil fertility. Cucumber seedlings transplanted in autumn had a short recovery period, developed root systems, and showed no signs of salt stress throughout their growth cycle. Their yield and quality reached levels comparable to those grown in non-saline-alkali land. This example demonstrates that this method can be effectively combined with agronomical measures such as high-temperature fumigation in a facility agriculture environment to achieve rapid and thorough soil improvement.

[0038] Example 5: Soil Improvement for Saline-Alkali Landscaping Location and Background: A green space is being planned in a new urban area. The original site was a saline-alkali depression with heavy, poorly permeable soil, a total salt content of 0.7%, and a pH of 8.9. Previously, direct planting of garden seedlings resulted in low survival rates. The plan is to improve the site and plant salt-tolerant tree species such as Chinese scholar trees and ash trees.

[0039] Implementation Process: Soil improvement was carried out one month before seedling planting. The green area was leveled mechanically. Then, a large quantity of the prepared fermented conditioner (with a slightly increased proportion of straw in the raw materials to enhance soil permeability) was applied to the surface in a 10cm thickness. An excavator and rotary tiller were used to deeply till and mix the soil to a depth of 50cm, ensuring the conditioner was evenly distributed within the rhizosphere. After improvement, a sprinkler irrigation system was installed for continuous 24-hour salt leaching, and the leached saline water was drained off-site using a pre-buried blind pipe drainage system.

[0040] Results and Effects: Soil testing after leaching showed that the total salt content stabilized at 0.25%, and the pH value decreased to 8.3. The soil physical structure was optimized, and its looseness increased. One month later, the survival rate of the planned-planted Chinese locust and ash seedlings increased from less than 50% to over 92%. The seedlings developed a large number of new roots, and their annual growth was significantly better than that of seedlings surviving in unimproved soil. This example demonstrates that this special fermentation conditioner for saline-alkali land and its improvement method are also applicable to soil pretreatment in landscaping projects, effectively ensuring greening results and improving ecological benefits.

[0041] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A special fermentation conditioner for saline-alkali land and its preparation method, characterized in that: It is composed of the following raw materials by volume percentage: 30% vinegar residue, 50% straw crushing powder, 15% farmyard manure and 5% ferrous sulfate.

2. The fermentation conditioner for saline-alkali land and its preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The farmyard manure includes one or more processed organic fertilizers selected from pig manure, cow manure, sheep manure, and chicken manure.

3. The fermentation conditioner for saline-alkali land and its preparation method according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Mix all the raw materials evenly and set up a conditioning agent bed for fermentation.

4. The fermentation conditioner for saline-alkali land and its preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The dimensions of the conditioning agent hotbed are: width 5-10m, length 10-20m, and height 0.5-0.6m.

5. The fermentation conditioner for saline-alkali land and its preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The fermentation process includes: spraying the raw materials after mixing, then covering them with plastic sheeting for high-temperature fermentation.

6. The fermentation conditioner for saline-alkali land and its preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The spray irrigation system uses micro-spray tape to achieve uniform spraying.

7. The fermentation conditioner for saline-alkali land and its preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The high-temperature fermentation is achieved through sunlight exposure and the spontaneous temperature of the mixed materials, with a fermentation cycle of about 10 days.

8. A method for improving saline-alkali land, characterized in that: The fermentation conditioner as described in any one of claims 1-2 is spread on the leveled surface of the saline-alkali land to a thickness of 10 cm.

9. The fermentation conditioner for saline-alkali land and its preparation method according to claim 8, characterized in that: After the conditioner is spread, it is mechanically mixed evenly with the soil to a depth of 50cm.

10. The fermentation conditioner for saline-alkali land and its preparation method according to claim 8, characterized in that: After the mixture is mixed, continuous sprinkler irrigation is carried out for 24 hours to reduce the total salt content of the soil to below 0.3% and the pH value to below 8.5.

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