RCA cleaning additive for TOPCon battery POLY FINGER process and preparation method of RCA cleaning additive

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic cell processing materials, and relates to an RCA cleaning additive for a TOPCon cell POLY FINGER process and a preparation method of the RCA cleaning additive. The invention relates to an RCA cleaning additive for a TOPCon battery POLY FINGER process. The RCA cleaning additive comprises the following substances in parts by weight: 0.5-5 parts of a protective agent; 0.1 to 2.0 parts of a catalyst; 0.2 to 3.0 parts of a stabilizing agent; 0.3 to 2.5 parts of a selective adsorbent; 0.1 to 3.0 parts of a surfactant; 0.05 to 1.0 part of a defoaming agent; the protective agent is prepared from at least two of sodium 3-carboxybenzenesulfonate, tetraethyl ammonium acetate, methyl tributyl ammonium chloride, benzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and bis (2-ethoxyl) dimethyl ammonium chloride. The selection range of the core component and the protective agent of the RCA cleaning additive is defined, and a multi-component synergistic effect system is constructed through reasonable matching. According to the present invention, the problems of single protection and non-uniform corrosion of the existing additive are effectively solved, the corrosion requirement of the laser region can be met, the POLY layer can be comprehensively protected, the foundation is laid for the subsequent battery passivation and the performance improvement, and the core cleaning requirement of the TOPCon battery POLY FINGER process can be met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of photovoltaic cell processing materials technology, and relates to an RCA cleaning additive for the TOPCon cell POLY FINGER process and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] In the iterative development of photovoltaic cell technology, tunneling oxide passivated contact (TOPCon) cells have become a key development direction in the industry due to their excellent passivation performance and photoelectric conversion potential. To further optimize the back structure of TOPCon cells and reduce parasitic absorption in the long-wave infrared region, the polycrystalline silicon grid line (POLY FINGER) process is widely used. This process removes the polycrystalline silicon layer outside the back grid lines and often uses aluminum oxide as a passivation layer to improve the overall performance of the cell. However, the POLY FINGER process has extremely stringent requirements for the cleaning process. The cleaning process must simultaneously achieve precise etching of the laser-treated area, effective protection of the polycrystalline silicon (POLY) layer, and precise control of the side etching of the polycrystalline silicon layer. This places higher demands on the RCA cleaning additives used in the cleaning process.

[0003] Currently, most RCA cleaning additives used in the POLY FINGER process in the industry follow conventional formulations and have not been adapted and optimized for the specific needs of this process. Existing additives struggle to ensure surface smoothness after etching in laser-treated areas, easily leading to uneven coverage of the subsequent passivation layer and affecting the passivation effect. Simultaneously, they offer insufficient protection for the POLY layer, especially in the laser sputtering area, where excessive etching of the POLY layer can easily occur, thus reducing the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery. Furthermore, existing additives are ineffective in controlling lateral etching at the junction of the POLY layer and the silicon layer. Excessive lateral etching can damage the structural integrity of the battery, further restricting performance improvement. These issues have become key bottlenecks hindering the large-scale application and performance breakthroughs of the TOPCon battery POLY FINGER process. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of this invention is to provide an RCA cleaning additive for the TOPCon battery POLYFINGER process and its preparation method.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: In the first aspect, this application discloses an RCA cleaning additive for the TOPCon battery POLY FINGER process, employing the following technical solution: An RCA cleaning additive for the TOPCon battery POLY FINGER process comprises the following substances in parts by weight: Protectant 0.5-5 parts; Catalyst 0.1-2.0 parts; Stabilizer 0.2-3.0 parts; Selective adsorbent 0.3-2.5 parts; Surfactant 0.1-3.0 parts; Defoamer 0.05-1.0 parts; The protective agent includes at least two of sodium 3-carboxybenzenesulfonate, tetraethylammonium acetate, methyltributylammonium chloride, benzyltrimethylammonium chloride, and bis(2-hydroxyethyl)dimethylammonium chloride.

[0006] Through the above technical solution, this application clarifies the core components and selection range of protective agents for RCA cleaning additives. A multi-component synergistic system is constructed by rationally combining protective agents, catalysts, stabilizers, selective adsorbents, surfactants, and defoamers. Specifically, at least two specific compounds are selected as protective agents based on the differences in their functional groups, such as the hydrogen bonding of sulfonate groups and the electrostatic adsorption of quaternary ammonium salt groups. The combination of multiple protective agents forms a complementary protection mechanism, covering the protection needs of different regions of the POLY layer. Other components respectively undertake the functions of catalytic corrosion, system stabilization, precise adsorption, interface optimization, and bubble elimination. These components synergistically form a cleaning system adapted to the POLY FINGER process. Its application effect is that it effectively solves the problems of single protection and uneven corrosion in existing additives. It can meet the corrosion requirements of the laser region and provide comprehensive protection for the POLY layer, laying the foundation for subsequent battery passivation and performance improvement, and adapting to the core cleaning requirements of the TOPCon battery POLY FINGER process.

[0007] Furthermore, the catalyst comprises sodium acetylacetonate and 2,6-pyridinedicarboxamide mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1.2-1.5.

[0008] Through the above technical solution, this application specifies the exact ratio of the catalyst. The technical principle is as follows: the catalyst is composed of sodium acetylacetonate and 2,6-pyridinedicarboxamide in a specific ratio, with a synergistic effect between the two components. Sodium acetylacetonate possesses chelating ability, which can combine with active ions in the cleaning system, activating the oxidizing properties of the ions and providing active conditions for the corrosion reaction in the laser region. 2,6-pyridinedicarboxamide, through its amide group in its molecular structure, achieves electron transfer regulation, optimizing the activation efficiency of sodium acetylacetonate and avoiding the problem of uncontrolled corrosion caused by excessively high or low activity of a single catalyst. The specific ratio of the two components balances their effects, ensuring a stable and efficient catalytic reaction. Its application effect is to precisely control the corrosion rate and reaction process in the laser region, avoiding over-corrosion or under-corrosion, while ensuring the uniformity of the corrosion process, improving the surface quality of the laser region, providing a good substrate for the effective coverage of the subsequent passivation layer, and indirectly contributing to the improvement of battery conversion efficiency.

[0009] Furthermore, the stabilizer includes sodium sorbate and polyethylene glycol dicarboxylic acid.

[0010] Through the above technical solution, this application clarifies the specific components of the stabilizer, with two components achieving system stability from different dimensions. The multiple hydroxyl groups in the sodium sorbate molecule can interact with other components and reaction products in the system, effectively encapsulating and dispersing tiny particles and preventing particle aggregation. Polyethylene glycol dicarboxylic acid, through the interfacial activity of its carboxylic acid groups, regulates the interfacial tension of the system, suppressing stratification caused by differences in density or polarity among the organic components, while simultaneously enhancing the system's tolerance to changes in external conditions such as temperature and stirring. The synergistic effect of the two components provides a dual guarantee for system stability. Its application effect is to ensure that the RCA cleaning additive remains uniform and transparent during storage and use, avoiding fluctuations in cleaning effect caused by component stratification or particle aggregation, improving the storage stability and reliability of the additive, and ensuring the consistency of the POLY FINGER cleaning process.

[0011] Furthermore, the surfactant comprises a compound of disodium methylene dinaphthalene sulfonate and sodium polynaphthalene sulfonate mixed in a mass ratio of 1 to 3:1.

[0012] Through the above technical solution, this application specifies the compounding ratio of surfactants, using disodium methylene dinaphthalene sulfonate and sodium polynaphthalene formaldehyde sulfonate in a specific ratio. The two components exhibit a synergistic enhancement effect in interface optimization and dispersion. Disodium methylene dinaphthalene sulfonate possesses strong surface activity, rapidly reducing the solid-liquid interfacial tension between the cleaning system and the battery surface, making it easier for the system to penetrate into the micro-crevices formed by laser etching. Sodium polynaphthalene formaldehyde sulfonate, on the other hand, has excellent dispersing properties, assisting in the dispersion of reaction products generated during the corrosion process and preventing product adhesion to the battery surface. The specific compounding ratio allows the interfacial penetration and product dispersion functions of the two components to complement each other, ensuring both the permeability of the cleaning system and the timely removal of reaction products. Its application effect is to significantly improve the uniformity of laser-etched areas, reduce "corrosion blind zones" caused by insufficient penetration and surface defects caused by product residues, while optimizing the cleanliness of the POLY layer surface, providing good surface conditions for subsequent passivation processes, and ensuring the passivation effect and photoelectric performance of the battery.

[0013] Furthermore, the defoaming agent is a polyether ester defoamer.

[0014] Through the above technical solution, this application clarifies the specific type of defoamer. The selection of polyether ester defoamer as the defoaming component is based on its unique molecular structure and defoaming mechanism. Polyether ester defoamer molecules contain both hydrophilic ether segments and hydrophobic ester segments, allowing them to quickly adsorb onto the surface of bubbles generated during the reaction in the cleaning system. By disrupting the surface tension balance of the bubbles, they rupture. Compared to other types of defoamers, polyether ester defoamers maintain high defoaming efficiency while exhibiting better compatibility with other organic components in the system. The presence of the defoamer itself is less likely to introduce new surface defects or affect the function of other components. Its application effect lies in timely eliminating bubbles generated during the cleaning process, preventing bubbles from adhering to the battery surface and forming a "gas film," which would prevent this area from fully contacting the cleaning system, leading to uneven corrosion or insufficient protection. Simultaneously, good compatibility ensures that the defoamer will not interfere with the function of core components such as protective agents and catalysts, guaranteeing the stable operation of the overall cleaning system and improving the consistency of cleaning quality.

[0015] Secondly, this application provides a method for preparing an RCA cleaning additive for the TOPCon battery POLY FINGER process, comprising the following preparation steps: Take deionized water and heat it. Add stabilizer and protectant while stirring. Continue stirring after heating. After cooling, selective adsorbent and catalyst are added, stirred and mixed, and the mixture is further cooled. Surfactant and defoamer are added, and the mixture is allowed to stand and age before being filtered to prepare the RCA cleaning additive for the TOPCon battery POLY FINGER process.

[0016] Through the above technical solution, this application ensures that each component fully exerts its synergistic effect during the preparation process by rationally designing the feeding sequence and temperature control steps. First, stabilizers and protectants are added by heating in deionized water. Heating promotes the rapid dissolution of the stabilizer and the construction of the system's dispersion framework, while simultaneously helping the protectant's molecular chains to expand, laying the foundation for subsequent interactions with other components. After cooling, selective adsorbents and catalysts are added to avoid oxidation of the adsorbent's active groups and over-activation of the catalyst due to high temperatures, ensuring that both components maintain their optimal functional state. After further cooling, surfactants and defoamers are added, ensuring uniform dispersion of the surfactant and preventing premature defoamer deactivation at high temperatures. The standing aging and filtration steps further promote the full interaction between components and remove trace amounts of insoluble matter. Its application effect lies in ensuring that each component forms a synergistic network as expected through a scientific preparation process, avoiding component functional failure or system instability caused by improper preparation, ultimately obtaining a stable and batch-consistent RCA cleaning additive that meets the needs of industrial production and large-scale application in the POLY FINGER process.

[0017] Furthermore, the filtration process uses an organic filter membrane with a pore size of 0.22 μm.

[0018] Furthermore, the settling and aging time is 30-60 minutes.

[0019] Through the above technical solution, this application clarifies the time range for static aging during the preparation process, providing a time window for each component to fully exert its effects and for the system to stabilize. During the aging process, the added stabilizers, protective agents, selective adsorbents, catalysts, surfactants, and defoamers can further interact with each other in molecules, such as hydrogen bonding between protective agents and stabilizers, and the construction of synergistic adsorption sites between adsorbents and protective agents, thus forming a more stable synergistic network among the components. At the same time, microbubbles in the system can naturally float to the surface and escape during static aging, and some undissolved trace components can further dissolve or form a stable dispersion state during aging, avoiding incomplete removal by subsequent filtration. The specific aging time ensures that the above process is fully completed, neither too short a time leading to insufficient component action nor too long a time causing increased system energy consumption or decreased component stability. Its application effect is to significantly improve the stability of the additive system and the effectiveness of the synergistic effect of each component, and reduce the difference in cleaning effect caused by insufficient component action; at the same time, it helps to remove micro bubbles and trace amounts of undissolved matter in the system, further optimizes the purity and uniformity of the additive, provides a guarantee for the stable performance of subsequent cleaning processes, ensures that the performance of each batch of additives is consistent, and meets the needs of continuous industrial production.

[0020] In summary, this application has the following beneficial effects: First, this application overcomes the limitations of existing conventional additives, which are difficult to adapt to the stringent requirements of the POLYFINGER process, through a multi-component synergistic design. By utilizing a multi-component compound of protective agents, a complementary protection mechanism is constructed, comprehensively covering the protection needs of different areas of the POLY layer. Simultaneously, the synergistic effect of catalysts, surfactants, and defoamers achieves uniform corrosion of the laser-treated area, effective protection of the POLY layer, and precise control of lateral corrosion at the junction of the POLY and silicon layers. This multi-dimensional functional synergy effectively avoids problems such as insufficient corrosion smoothness in the laser area, excessive corrosion of the POLY layer, and uncontrolled lateral corrosion found in existing additives. It ensures that the cleaning process not only meets the process's surface quality requirements but also provides a good substrate for the subsequent uniform coverage of the alumina passivation layer, providing crucial support for the stable implementation of the POLY FINGER process from the cleaning stage.

[0021] Secondly, this application, through refined component design and optimized mechanism of action, safeguards and enhances the performance of TOPCon cells from multiple dimensions. On one hand, the synergistic effect of the catalyst and surfactant optimizes the corrosion effect in the laser-treated area, reduces surface defects caused by uneven corrosion or product residue, and improves the cleanliness and smoothness of the cell surface, creating conditions for the passivation layer to exert excellent passivation performance. On the other hand, the combination of the protective agent and the selective adsorbent effectively reduces excessive corrosion of the POLY layer, especially providing reliable protection for vulnerable areas such as those affected by laser sputtering, while controlling the degree of lateral corrosion to prevent damage to the cell's structural integrity. These effects collectively ensure the passivation performance and structural stability of the cell, reduce performance loss caused by defects in the cleaning process, and thus lay the foundation for improving the cell's photoelectric conversion efficiency, meeting the photovoltaic industry's development needs for high-efficiency TOPCon cells.

[0022] Third, the preparation method and performance design accompanying this application fully consider the needs of industrial production and application, possessing significant industrial value. In the preparation stage, by rationally designing the feeding sequence, temperature control range, and steps such as static aging and filtration, the synergistic effect of each component can be ensured, avoiding performance fluctuations caused by improper preparation and guaranteeing the consistency of additives across different batches. Simultaneously, the selection of stabilizer components and the compatibility design of the defoamer improve the storage stability of the additives, preventing issues such as stratification and agglomeration during long-term storage, facilitating industrial storage and transportation. Furthermore, the filtration process used in the preparation effectively removes trace amounts of insoluble matter, further ensuring the reliability of the additives during use. This design, which balances performance and industrial production needs, solves the problems of existing technologies' difficulty in mass production and poor batch stability, providing a feasible cleaning solution for the large-scale promotion of the POLY FINGER process and propelling TOPCon battery technology towards industrial application. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 These are early, middle, and late scanning electron microscope images of the POLY layer surface after RCA cleaning additive treatment in the TOPCon battery POLY FINGER process of Example 1 of this application. Figure 2 These are early, middle, and late scanning electron microscope images of the POLY layer surface after RCA cleaning additive treatment in the TOPCon battery POLY FINGER process of Comparative Example 1 of this application. Figure 3 This is a scanning electron microscope image of the laser-etched area after RCA cleaning and additive treatment in the TOPCon battery POLY FINGER process of Example 1 of this application. Figure 4 This is a scanning electron microscope image of the laser-etched area of ​​the TOPCon battery POLY FINGER process after RCA cleaning and additive treatment in Comparative Example 1 of this application. Figure 5 This is a scanning electron microscope image of the laser sputtering area after RCA cleaning and additive treatment in the TOPCon battery POLY FINGER process of Embodiment 1 of this application. Figure 6 This is a scanning electron microscope image of the laser sputtering area of ​​the TOPCon battery POLY FINGER process after RCA cleaning and additive treatment in the laser sputtering area in Comparative Example 1 of this application. Figure 7 This is a scanning electron microscope image of the side of the POLY layer after RCA cleaning and additive treatment in the TOPCon battery POLY FINGER process of Embodiment 1 of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To further understand the present invention, preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below in conjunction with examples. However, it should be understood that these descriptions are only for further illustrating the features and advantages of the present invention, and not for limiting the scope of the claims.

[0025] There are no particular restrictions on the source of any raw materials used in this invention; they can be purchased from the market or prepared using conventional methods known to those skilled in the art.

[0026] All raw materials of this invention are conventional in the field, and each brand name and abbreviation is clear and distinct in its relevant application. Those skilled in the art can purchase them from the market or prepare them by conventional methods based on the brand name, abbreviation and corresponding application.

[0027] All processes in this invention are referred to by abbreviations that are common abbreviations in the field. Each abbreviation is clear and specific in its relevant application area, and those skilled in the art can understand its conventional process steps based on the abbreviation.

[0028] Preparation Example 1 Protectant 1 Take 1.8 kg of sodium 3-carboxybenzenesulfonate and 1.2 kg of tetraethylammonium acetate and stir to prepare protective agent 1.

[0029] Preparation Example 2 Take 1 kg of methyltributylammonium chloride, 1 kg of benzyltrimethylammonium chloride (1.0 part by weight), and 0.5 kg of bis(2-hydroxyethyl)dimethylammonium chloride and stir to mix to prepare protective agent 2.

[0030] Preparation Example 3 Take 0.8 kg of sodium 3-carboxybenzenesulfonate, 1.5 kg of benzyltrimethylammonium chloride, and 0.7 kg of bis(2-hydroxyethyl)dimethylammonium chloride and stir to prepare protective agent 3.

[0031] Preparation Example 4 Catalyst 1 Catalyst 1 was prepared by mixing 0.5 kg of sodium acetylacetonate and 1.1 kg of 2,6-pyridinedicarboxamide.

[0032] Preparation Example 5 Catalyst 2 was prepared by mixing 0.7 kg of sodium acetylacetonate and 1.05 kg of 2,6-pyridinedicarboxamide.

[0033] Preparation Example 6 Catalyst 3 was prepared by mixing 0.25 kg of sodium acetylacetonate and 0.3 kg of 2,6-pyridinedicarboxamide.

[0034] Preparation Example 7 stabilizer The stabilizer was prepared by mixing sodium sorbate and polyethylene glycol dicarboxylic acid in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0035] Preparation Example 8 Surfactant 1 Take 1 kg of disodium methylene dinaphthalene sulfonate and 0.5 kg of sodium polynaphthalene sulfonate, stir and mix them to prepare surfactant 1.

[0036] Preparation Example 9 Surfactant 2 Take 1.8 kg of disodium methylene dinaphthalene sulfonate and 0.6 kg of sodium polynaphthalene sulfonate, stir and mix them to prepare surfactant 2.

[0037] Preparation Example 10 Surfactant 3 Take 0.3 kg of disodium methylene dinaphthalene sulfonate and 0.3 kg of sodium polynaphthalene sulfonate, stir and mix them to prepare surfactant 3. Example 1

[0038] An RCA cleaning additive for the TOPCon battery POLY FINGER process comprises the following substances: 875g deionized water, 50g protective agent 1, 10g catalyst 1, 20g stabilizer, 30g selective adsorbent N-hydroxymethylglycine sodium, 10g surfactant 1 and 5g PE-6200 type polyether ester defoamer.

[0039] An RCA cleaning additive for the TOPCon battery POLY FINGER process includes the following steps: Deionized water was heated to 30°C and stirred at 300 rpm. At this temperature and speed, a stabilizer was slowly added and stirred continuously for 15 minutes. After the stabilizer was completely dissolved, protective agent 1 was added, and the system temperature was simultaneously raised to 40°C. Stirring was continued at 300 rpm for 25 minutes. After protective agent 1 was stirred, the heating was turned off, and the system was cooled to 35°C for the first time using a cooling system. Then, a selective adsorbent was added, and stirring was carried out at 35°C and 300 rpm for 20 minutes. Next, catalyst 1 was added, and stirring was continued at the same temperature and speed for 15 minutes to promote the formation of an active intermediate from catalyst 1. The system was then cooled a second time to 28°C, and the stirring speed was adjusted to 250 rpm. Surfactant 1 was added and stirred for 10 minutes, followed by the defoamer. Stirring was continued at 28°C and 250 rpm for 8 minutes. Finally, turn off the stirring and place the system in a room temperature environment of 25±2℃ for 30-60 minutes to age. After aging, filter the system using an organic filter membrane with a pore size of 0.22μm at a filtration pressure of 0.1MPa to obtain the RCA cleaning additive for the TOPCon battery POLY FINGER process. Example 2

[0040] An RCA cleaning additive for the TOPCon battery POLY FINGER process comprises the following substances: 1103g deionized water, 275g protective agent 1, 105g catalyst 1, 160g stabilizer, 130g selective adsorbent sodium N-hydroxymethylglycine, 175g surfactant 1 and 52g PE-6200 type polyether ester defoamer.

[0041] An RCA cleaning additive for the TOPCon battery POLY FINGER process includes the following steps: Deionized water was heated to 32°C and stirred at 350 rpm. At this temperature and speed, a stabilizer was slowly added and stirred continuously for 17 minutes. After the stabilizer was completely dissolved, protective agent 1 was added, and the system temperature was raised to 41°C. Stirring was continued at 300-400 rpm for 27 minutes. After protective agent 1 was stirred, the heating was turned off, and the system was cooled to 37°C for the first time using a cooling system. Then, a selective adsorbent was added, and stirring was continued at 37°C and 350 rpm for 22 minutes. Next, catalyst 1 was added, and stirring was continued at the same temperature and speed for 17 minutes to promote the formation of an active intermediate from catalyst 1. The system was then cooled a second time to 30°C, and the stirring speed was adjusted to 275 rpm. Surfactant 1 was added and stirred for 11 minutes, followed by a defoamer. Stirring was continued at 30°C and 275 rpm for 9 minutes. Finally, turn off the stirring and place the system in a room temperature environment of 25±2℃ for 45 minutes to stand and age. After aging, filter the system using an organic filter membrane with a pore size of 0.22μm at a filtration pressure of 0.2MPa to obtain the RCA cleaning additive for the TOPCon battery POLY FINGER process. Example 3

[0042] An RCA cleaning additive for the TOPCon battery POLY FINGER process comprises the following substances: 1350g deionized water, 500g protective agent 1, 200g catalyst 1, 300g stabilizer, 250g selective adsorbent sodium N-hydroxymethylglycine, 300g surfactant 1 and 100g PE-6200 type polyether ester defoamer.

[0043] An RCA cleaning additive for the TOPCon battery POLY FINGER process includes the following steps: Deionized water was heated to 35°C and stirred at 400 rpm. At this temperature and speed, the stabilizer was slowly added and stirred continuously for 15-20 minutes. After the stabilizer was completely dissolved, protective agent 1 was added, and the system temperature was simultaneously raised to 45°C. Stirring was continued at 400 rpm for 30 minutes. After protective agent 1 was stirred, the heating was turned off, and the system was cooled to 40°C for the first time using a cooling system. Then, a selective adsorbent was added, and the mixture was stirred at 40°C and 400 rpm for 25 minutes. Next, catalyst 1 was added, and stirring was continued at the same temperature and speed for 20 minutes to promote the formation of an active intermediate from catalyst 1. The system was then cooled a second time to 32°C, and the stirring speed was adjusted to 300 rpm. Surfactant 1 was added and stirred for 12 minutes, followed by the defoamer. Stirring was continued at 32°C and 300 rpm for 10 minutes. Finally, turn off the stirring and place the system in a room temperature environment of 25±2℃ for 60 minutes to stand and age. After aging, filter the system using an organic filter membrane with a pore size of 0.22μm at a filtration pressure of 0.2MPa to obtain the RCA cleaning additive for the TOPCon battery POLY FINGER process. Example 4

[0044] An RCA cleaning additive for the TOPCon battery POLY FINGER process comprises the following substances: 1103g deionized water, 275g protective agent 2, 105g catalyst 1, 160g stabilizer, 130g selective adsorbent sodium N-hydroxymethylglycine, 175g surfactant 1 and 52g PE-6200 type polyether ester defoamer.

[0045] An RCA cleaning additive for the TOPCon battery POLY FINGER process includes the following steps: Deionized water was heated to 32°C and stirred at 350 rpm. At this temperature and speed, a stabilizer was slowly added and stirred continuously for 17 minutes. After the stabilizer was completely dissolved, protective agent 2 was added, and the system temperature was raised to 41°C. Stirring was continued at 300-400 rpm for 27 minutes. After protective agent 2 was stirred, the heating was turned off, and the system was cooled to 37°C for the first time using a cooling system. Then, a selective adsorbent was added, and stirring was continued at 37°C and 350 rpm for 22 minutes. Next, catalyst 1 was added, and stirring was continued at the same temperature and speed for 17 minutes to promote the formation of an active intermediate from catalyst 1. The system was then cooled a second time to 30°C, and the stirring speed was adjusted to 275 rpm. Surfactant 1 was added and stirred for 11 minutes, followed by a defoamer. Stirring was continued at 30°C and 275 rpm for 9 minutes. Finally, turn off the stirring and place the system in a room temperature environment of 25±2℃ for 45 minutes to stand and age. After aging, filter the system using an organic filter membrane with a pore size of 0.22μm at a filtration pressure of 0.2MPa to obtain the RCA cleaning additive for the TOPCon battery POLY FINGER process. Example 5

[0046] An RCA cleaning additive for the TOPCon battery POLY FINGER process comprises the following substances: 1103g deionized water, 275g protective agent 3, 105g catalyst 1, 160g stabilizer, 130g selective adsorbent sodium N-hydroxymethylglycine, 175g surfactant 1 and 52g PE-6200 type polyether ester defoamer.

[0047] An RCA cleaning additive for the TOPCon battery POLY FINGER process includes the following steps: Deionized water was heated to 32°C and stirred at 350 rpm. At this temperature and speed, a stabilizer was slowly added and stirred continuously for 17 minutes. After the stabilizer was completely dissolved, protective agent 3 was added, and the system temperature was raised to 41°C. Stirring was continued at 300-400 rpm for 27 minutes. After protective agent 3 was stirred, the heating was turned off, and the system was cooled to 37°C for the first time using a cooling system. Then, a selective adsorbent was added, and stirring was continued at 37°C and 350 rpm for 22 minutes. Next, catalyst 1 was added, and stirring was continued at the same temperature and speed for 17 minutes to promote the formation of an active intermediate from catalyst 1. The system was then cooled a second time to 30°C, and the stirring speed was adjusted to 275 rpm. Surfactant 1 was added and stirred for 11 minutes, followed by the defoamer. Stirring was continued at 30°C and 275 rpm for 9 minutes. Finally, turn off the stirring and place the system in a room temperature environment of 25±2℃ for 45 minutes to stand and age. After aging, filter the system using an organic filter membrane with a pore size of 0.22μm at a filtration pressure of 0.2MPa to obtain the RCA cleaning additive for the TOPCon battery POLY FINGER process. Example 6

[0048] An RCA cleaning additive for the TOPCon battery POLY FINGER process comprises the following substances: 1103g deionized water, 275g protective agent 2, 105g catalyst 2, 160g stabilizer, 130g selective adsorbent sodium N-hydroxymethylglycine, 175g surfactant 1 and 52g PE-6200 type polyether ester defoamer.

[0049] An RCA cleaning additive for the TOPCon battery POLY FINGER process includes the following steps: Deionized water was heated to 32°C and stirred at 350 rpm. At this temperature and speed, the stabilizer was slowly added and stirred continuously for 17 minutes. After the stabilizer was completely dissolved, protective agent 2 was added, and the system temperature was raised to 41°C. Stirring was continued at 300-400 rpm for 27 minutes. After protective agent 2 was stirred, the heating was turned off, and the system was cooled to 37°C for the first time using a cooling system. Then, a selective adsorbent was added, and stirring was continued at 37°C and 350 rpm for 22 minutes. Next, catalyst 2 was added, and stirring was continued at the same temperature and speed for 17 minutes to promote the formation of an active intermediate from catalyst 2. The system was then cooled a second time to 30°C, and the stirring speed was adjusted to 275 rpm. Surfactant 1 was added and stirred for 11 minutes, followed by the defoamer. Stirring was continued at 30°C and 275 rpm for 9 minutes. Finally, turn off the stirring and place the system in a room temperature environment of 25±2℃ for 45 minutes to stand and age. After aging, filter the system using an organic filter membrane with a pore size of 0.22μm at a filtration pressure of 0.2MPa to obtain the RCA cleaning additive for the TOPCon battery POLY FINGER process. Example 7

[0050] An RCA cleaning additive for the TOPCon battery POLY FINGER process comprises the following substances: 1103g deionized water, 275g protective agent 2, 105g catalyst 3, 160g stabilizer, 130g selective adsorbent sodium N-hydroxymethylglycine, 175g surfactant 1 and 52g PE-6200 type polyether ester defoamer.

[0051] An RCA cleaning additive for the TOPCon battery POLY FINGER process includes the following steps: Deionized water was heated to 32°C and stirred at 350 rpm. At this temperature and speed, the stabilizer was slowly added and stirred continuously for 17 minutes. After the stabilizer was completely dissolved, protective agent 2 was added, and the system temperature was simultaneously raised to 41°C. Stirring was continued at 300-400 rpm for 27 minutes. After protective agent 2 was stirred, the heating was turned off, and the system was cooled to 37°C for the first time using a cooling system. Then, a selective adsorbent was added, and stirring was continued at 37°C and 350 rpm for 22 minutes. Next, catalyst 3 was added, and stirring was continued at the same temperature and speed for 17 minutes to promote the formation of an active intermediate from catalyst 3. The system was then cooled a second time to 30°C, and the stirring speed was adjusted to 275 rpm. Surfactant 1 was added and stirred for 11 minutes, followed by the defoamer. Stirring was continued at 30°C and 275 rpm for 9 minutes. Finally, turn off the stirring and place the system in a room temperature environment of 25±2℃ for 45 minutes to stand and age. After aging, filter the system using an organic filter membrane with a pore size of 0.22μm at a filtration pressure of 0.2MPa to obtain the RCA cleaning additive for the TOPCon battery POLY FINGER process. Example 8

[0052] An RCA cleaning additive for the TOPCon battery POLY FINGER process comprises the following substances: 1103g deionized water, 275g protective agent 2, 105g catalyst 2, 160g stabilizer, 130g selective adsorbent sodium N-hydroxymethylglycine, 175g surfactant 2 and 52g PE-6200 type polyether ester defoamer.

[0053] An RCA cleaning additive for the TOPCon battery POLY FINGER process includes the following steps: Deionized water was heated to 32°C and stirred at 350 rpm. At this temperature and speed, the stabilizer was slowly added and stirred continuously for 17 minutes. After the stabilizer was completely dissolved, protective agent 2 was added, and the system temperature was simultaneously raised to 41°C. Stirring was continued at 300-400 rpm for 27 minutes. After protective agent 2 was stirred, the heating was turned off, and the system was cooled to 37°C for the first time using a cooling system. Then, a selective adsorbent was added, and stirring was continued at 37°C and 350 rpm for 22 minutes. Next, catalyst 2 was added, and stirring was continued at the same temperature and speed for 17 minutes to promote the formation of an active intermediate from catalyst 2. The system was then cooled a second time to 30°C, and the stirring speed was adjusted to 275 rpm. Surfactant 2 was added and stirred for 11 minutes, followed by the defoamer. Stirring was continued at 30°C and 275 rpm for 9 minutes. Finally, turn off the stirring and place the system in a room temperature environment of 25±2℃ for 45 minutes to stand and age. After aging, filter the system using an organic filter membrane with a pore size of 0.22μm at a filtration pressure of 0.2MPa to obtain the RCA cleaning additive for the TOPCon battery POLY FINGER process. Example 9

[0054] An RCA cleaning additive for the TOPCon battery POLY FINGER process comprises the following substances: 1103g deionized water, 275g protective agent 2, 105g catalyst 2, 160g stabilizer, 130g selective adsorbent sodium N-hydroxymethylglycine, 175g surfactant 3 and 52g PE-6200 type polyether ester defoamer.

[0055] An RCA cleaning additive for the TOPCon battery POLY FINGER process includes the following steps: Deionized water was heated to 32°C and stirred at 350 rpm. At this temperature and speed, the stabilizer was slowly added and stirred continuously for 17 minutes. After the stabilizer was completely dissolved, protective agent 2 was added, and the system temperature was raised to 41°C. Stirring was continued at 300-400 rpm for 27 minutes. After protective agent 2 was stirred, the heating was turned off, and the system was cooled to 37°C for the first time using a cooling system. Then, a selective adsorbent was added, and stirring was continued at 37°C and 350 rpm for 22 minutes. Next, catalyst 2 was added, and stirring was continued at the same temperature and speed for 17 minutes to promote the formation of an active intermediate from catalyst 2. The system was then cooled a second time to 30°C, and the stirring speed was adjusted to 275 rpm. Surfactant 3 was added and stirred for 11 minutes, followed by the defoamer. Stirring was continued at 30°C and 275 rpm for 9 minutes. Finally, turn off the stirring and place the system in a room temperature environment of 25±2℃ for 45 minutes to stand and age. After aging, filter the system using an organic filter membrane with a pore size of 0.22μm at a filtration pressure of 0.2MPa to obtain the RCA cleaning additive for the TOPCon battery POLY FINGER process.

[0056] Comparative Example 1 Add 850g of deionized water to a stirred tank and start stirring at room temperature with a fixed speed of 300rpm. Add 50g of sodium benzenesulfonate, 30g of sodium citrate, and 40g of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate in sequence and stir continuously for 20min. Add 20g of sodium hydroxide and stir for 10min. Finally, add 10g of ordinary polyether defoamer and stir for 5min. Let stand at room temperature for 20min and filter using a 0.45μm conventional filter membrane to obtain a conventional RCA cleaning additive.

[0057] Performance tests were conducted on the technical solutions of Examples 1-9 and Comparative Example 1: Laser area surface smoothness test: The laser-treated area after cleaning was scanned using an atomic force microscope (AFM). Three different test points were selected to measure the surface roughness (Ra). The average value was taken as the final result. This index reflects the uniformity of corrosion in the laser area. The lower the value, the better the smoothness. POLY layer surface protection effect test: The surface morphology of the POLY layer after cleaning was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Specific test results are as follows: Figure 1-2 As shown; POLY layer side corrosion depth detection: The depth of the side where the POLY layer and silicon layer meet is measured using a profilometer. Four test positions are evenly selected along the side, the corrosion depth is recorded, and the average value is taken. The smaller the value, the more accurate the side corrosion control. The specific inspection results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0058] Table 1 Performance Test Table According to the schemes of Examples 1-9, in conjunction with Table 1 and Figure 1-7 As can be seen, compared with Example 1, Examples 2-3 of this application show improved flatness and reduced corrosion pits in the laser zone due to the increased dosage of protective agent 1 and optimized process parameters; Examples 4-5 use protective agent 2, which provides more adequate protection for the surface and sides of the POLY layer, thus reducing the number of corrosion pits and the depth of side corrosion; Example 6 uses catalyst 3, which weakens the corrosion intensity in the laser zone, resulting in slightly poorer flatness and a slightly lower efficiency improvement; Example 8 uses surfactant 2, which optimizes the micro-crevice cleaning effect, resulting in the minimum side corrosion depth and the highest efficiency improvement; Example 9 uses surfactant 3, which is more suitable for protecting thin POLY layers and balances the protection and cleaning effects.

[0059] Finally, by comparing Examples 1-9 and Comparative Example 1, it can be seen that the technical solution of this application, through refined component design and optimized mechanism of action, ensures and improves the performance of TOPCon cells from multiple dimensions. On the one hand, the synergistic effect of the catalyst and surfactant can optimize the corrosion effect in the laser region, reduce surface defects caused by uneven corrosion or product residue, improve the cleanliness and smoothness of the cell surface, and create conditions for the passivation layer to exert excellent passivation performance. On the other hand, the combination of the protective agent and the selective adsorbent can effectively reduce the excessive corrosion of the POLY layer, especially providing reliable protection for vulnerable areas such as laser sputtering, while controlling the degree of lateral corrosion and preventing damage to the cell structure. These effects together ensure the passivation performance and structural stability of the cell, reduce performance loss caused by defects in the cleaning process, and thus lay the foundation for improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cell, meeting the development needs of the photovoltaic industry for high-efficiency TOPCon cells.

[0060] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of this application and is not intended to limit it. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art can make modifications to this embodiment without contributing any inventive step, but such modifications are protected by patent law as long as they fall within the scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. An RCA cleaning additive for the TOPCon battery POLY FINGER process, characterized in that, Includes the following substances by weight: Protectant 0.5-5 parts; Catalyst 0.1-2.0 parts; Stabilizer 0.2-3.0 parts; Selective adsorbent 0.3-2.5 parts; Surfactant 0.1-3.0 parts; Defoamer 0.05-1.0 parts; The protective agent includes at least two of sodium 3-carboxybenzenesulfonate, tetraethylammonium acetate, methyltributylammonium chloride, benzyltrimethylammonium chloride, and bis(2-hydroxyethyl)dimethylammonium chloride.

2. The RCA cleaning additive for the TOPCon battery POLY FINGER process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The catalyst comprises sodium acetylacetonate and 2,6-pyridinedicarboxamide mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1.2-1.

5.

3. The RCA cleaning additive for the TOPCon battery POLY FINGER process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stabilizer includes sodium sorbate and polyethylene glycol dicarboxylic acid.

4. The RCA cleaning additive for the TOPCon battery POLY FINGER process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surfactant comprises a compound of disodium methylene dinaphthalene sulfonate and sodium polynaphthalene sulfonate mixed in a mass ratio of 1 to 3:

1.

5. The RCA cleaning additive for the TOPCon battery POLY FINGER process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The defoaming agent is a polyether ester defoamer.

6. A method for preparing an RCA cleaning additive for the TOPCon battery POLY FINGER process according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The preparation steps include the following: Take deionized water and heat it. Add stabilizer and protectant while stirring. Continue stirring after heating. After cooling, selective adsorbent and catalyst are added, stirred and mixed, and the mixture is further cooled. Surfactant and defoamer are added, and the mixture is allowed to stand and age before being filtered to prepare the RCA cleaning additive for the TOPCon battery POLY FINGER process.

7. The method for preparing an RCA cleaning additive for the TOPCon battery POLY FINGER process according to claim 6, characterized in that, The filtration process uses an organic filter membrane with a pore size of 0.22 μm.

8. The method for preparing an RCA cleaning additive for the TOPCon battery POLY FINGER process according to claim 6, characterized in that, The settling and aging time is 30-60 minutes.

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