Insulation conveying system for filling slurry in extremely cold mining area and control method of insulation conveying system

Abstract

The invention discloses an extremely cold mining area filling slurry heat preservation conveying system and a control method thereof.The conveying system comprises a conveying pipeline, a sensor assembly and a central controller, the conveying pipeline sequentially comprises a conveying inner pipe, an active heating layer and a composite heat preservation layer from inside to outside, and the conveying inner pipe is configured to be used for conveying filling slurry; the active heating layer is configured to independently heat the conveying inner pipe in a segmented mode in the extending direction of the conveying inner pipe. The composite thermal insulation layer is configured to perform thermal insulation on the active heating layer; the sensor assemblies are installed on the conveying pipeline at intervals in the extending direction of the conveying pipeline and configured to be used for sensing the slurry temperature T4, the pipe wall temperature T5, the environment temperature T1, the slurry flow Q and the pipeline pressure P of all sections of the conveying pipeline in a segmented mode. The central controller is coupled with the sensor assembly and the active heating layer and is configured to receive information sensed by the sensor assembly and adjust and control the temperature of the conveying pipeline in a segmented mode based on a dynamic thermodynamic model.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mine backfilling engineering technology, and in particular to a backfilling slurry insulation and conveying system and its control method for extremely cold mining areas. Background Technology

[0002] In mines located in extremely cold regions such as plateaus and high latitudes, the application of backfill mining methods is limited by the frigid climate. During pipeline transportation of the backfill slurry, heat is rapidly dissipated, easily leading to slurry freezing and pipeline blockage. Furthermore, the low temperature severely inhibits cement hydration, affecting the early strength of the backfill. Traditional insulation methods, such as single external insulation materials or constant-power heating, suffer from low insulation efficiency, huge energy consumption, uneven temperature control, and inability to adapt to long-distance transportation and complex operating conditions, and lack intelligent early warning and control capabilities. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an efficient, intelligent, and adaptable insulation and transportation process and control method to ensure the safe, continuous, and economical operation of backfilling operations in extremely cold mining areas. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This solution addresses the problems and needs raised above by proposing a filling slurry insulation and conveying system and its control method for extremely cold mining areas. The system achieves the above-mentioned technical objectives and brings about several other technical benefits due to the adoption of the following technical features.

[0004] One object of the present invention is to provide a filling slurry insulation and conveying system for extremely cold mining areas, including conveying pipelines, sensor components and a central controller. The conveying pipeline, from the inside out, comprises: an inner conveying pipe, an active heating layer, and a composite insulation layer. The inner conveying pipe is configured to convey filling slurry. The active heating layer is configured to independently heat the inner conveying pipe in segments along its extension direction. The composite insulation layer is configured to insulate the active heating layer. The sensor assembly is installed at intervals along the extension direction of the conveying pipeline and is configured to sense the slurry temperature T4, pipe wall temperature T5, ambient temperature T1, slurry flow rate Q and pipeline pressure P in each section of the conveying pipeline. The central controller is coupled to the sensor assembly and the active heating layer respectively, and is configured to receive the slurry temperature T4, pipe wall temperature T5, ambient temperature T1, slurry flow rate Q and pipeline pressure P of each section of the conveying pipeline, and adjust and control the temperature of the conveying pipeline in segments based on a dynamic thermodynamic model.

[0005] In addition, the extremely cold mining area filling slurry insulation and conveying system and its control method according to the present invention may also have the following technical features: In one example of the present invention, the active heating layer includes: a flexible electrothermal film covering the outer wall of the inner conveying tube, and the flexible electrothermal film is divided into multiple independently temperature-controlled logical segments along the length direction of the inner conveying tube.

[0006] In one example of the present invention, the composite insulation layer comprises, from the inside out: an aerogel felt layer, a phase change energy storage material layer, and a modified polyurethane foam layer. The aerogel felt layer is configured to effectively block heat conduction loss from the active heating layer and, based on its flexibility, can tightly adhere to the heating layer, eliminating air gaps and reducing thermal bridging effects. The phase change energy storage material layer is configured to utilize its latent heat of phase change to absorb and store excess heat when the slurry temperature is normal or the heating layer is working. When the ambient temperature drops sharply or the heating power is temporarily insufficient, the stored heat is released to slow down the rate of temperature drop inside the pipe. The modified polyurethane foam layer is configured to provide structural support and long-term stable insulation performance, ensuring durability in extremely cold and humid mining environments.

[0007] In one example of the present invention, the aerogel felt layer is made of silica nano-aerogel and reinforcing fibers; the phase change energy storage material layer is a microencapsulated composite phase change material with tetradecane as the main component and a small amount of hexadecane added to adjust the phase change temperature, the phase change temperature is set at 5-8°C, and it contains a high thermal conductivity material to improve the thermal response rate; wherein, the microcapsule wall material is polymethyl methacrylate; the modified polyurethane foam layer is made of pre-formed rigid polyurethane foam and phosphorus-based or intumescent flame retardant is added, and a vacuum insulation layer is added outside the modified polyurethane foam layer.

[0008] In one example of the invention, the sensor assembly includes: a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, and an electromagnetic flow meter. The temperature sensor is configured to sense the slurry temperature T4, pipe wall temperature T5, and ambient temperature T1 of each section of the conveying pipeline. The pressure sensor is configured to sense the pipeline pressure P in each section of the delivery pipeline; The electromagnetic flowmeter is configured to measure the volumetric flow rate Q of the filling slurry in real time.

[0009] In one example of the present invention, the delivery pipeline further includes a protective outer pipe disposed outside the composite insulation layer, the protective outer pipe being configured to protect the composite insulation layer.

[0010] Another objective of this invention is to provide a control method for a filling slurry insulation and conveying system in extremely cold mining areas as described above, comprising the following steps: S10: Preheating and Parameter Initialization of the Insulated Conveying System Before Conveying: Start the insulated conveying system. Based on the current ambient temperature T1 and the target slurry maintenance temperature T2 sensed by the sensor components, preheat the unloaded pipeline through the active heating layer until the inner pipe wall temperature reaches the preset threshold T3; the central controller initializes the system parameters and sets the core target temperature range of the slurry [T]. min , T max and alarm thresholds for each monitoring point; S20: Dynamic Zoning Intelligent Temperature Control During Conveying: After the slurry begins conveying, the insulated conveying system executes closed-loop control; the sensor components sense and collect in real time the slurry temperature T4, pipe wall temperature T5, ambient temperature T1, flow rate information Q, and pressure information P of each pipe section; the central controller, based on the built-in dynamic thermodynamic model and combined with real-time data, predicts the slurry temperature T6 at the next monitoring point; and compares the slurry temperature T6 at the next monitoring point with the target temperature range [T]. min , T max The deviation is dynamically adjusted to control the output power of the active heating layer in the corresponding section, thereby achieving on-demand heating. S30: Anomaly Diagnosis and Adaptive Handling: When the thermal insulation conveying system detects that the slurry temperature T4 at a certain point is close to the freezing point or the rate of temperature drop exceeds the safety threshold, a freezing risk warning is triggered, the heating power of the relevant and upstream sections is automatically increased, and the slurry temperature at the outlet of the surface preparation station can be adjusted in conjunction with the system; when the pipeline pressure P is detected to rise abnormally and is accompanied by local temperature anomalies, it is determined that there is a risk of initial condensation or blockage, and the anti-blockage pretreatment program is automatically triggered. S40: Low-power insulation during transport intervals: During transport intervals, the insulation transport system automatically switches to low-power maintenance mode, providing only the minimum necessary heat to keep the internal temperature of the pipeline at a safe temperature T7 slightly above the freezing point, preventing residual slurry from freezing and preparing for the next start-up.

[0011] In one example of the present invention, in step S20, the dynamic thermodynamic model performs temperature prediction calculations based on the following heat balance equation, expressed as follows: In the formula, The predicted slurry temperature for the next monitoring point; The slurry temperature is collected in real time at the current monitoring point; The ambient temperature is collected in real time; The overall heat transfer coefficient per unit pipe length is determined by the insulation structure; This refers to the length of the pipe segment between the current monitoring point and the next monitoring point. The density of the slurry; Specific heat capacity of the slurry; This refers to the real-time volumetric flow rate of the slurry. This represents the total heating power output of the active heating layer in this pipe section.

[0012] In one example of the present invention, in step S20, the slurry temperature T6 at the next monitoring point is compared with the target temperature range [T]. min , T max To address the deviation, the output power of the corresponding active heating layer is dynamically adjusted to achieve on-demand heating, specifically including the following: S21: Real-time monitoring data: At the inlet of each temperature control zone, the sensor assembly continuously collects the slurry temperature T4, ambient temperature T1, and slurry flow rate Q of that zone; S22: Model Predicts Temperature Change: The central controller inputs real-time data into the dynamic thermodynamic model to calculate the predicted slurry temperature at the outlet of this section. S23: Calculate the required heating power: Compare the predicted temperature with the target temperature range [Tmin, Tmax], and calculate the heating power W1 required to achieve the target temperature. S24: Compare and adjust with actual power: Compare the calculated required heating power W1 with the current actual heating power W2 of the section, and generate power adjustment commands to increase, decrease or maintain. S25: Power adjustment: The active heating layer receives the instruction, adjusts the power parameters and outputs them to the required heating section of the active heating layer to change its actual heating power; S26: Maintain target temperature: After one control cycle, the system returns to step S10, uses new monitoring data to start a new round of adjustment, forms a closed loop, and dynamically maintains the slurry temperature within the target range.

[0013] In one example of the present invention, in step S30, the anti-clogging pretreatment procedure includes: automatically triggering a pressure pulse mode or a low-pressure hot water backwash mode; wherein, the pressure pulse mode includes instantaneously generating one or more high-pressure pulse waves in the risk pipe section, the pulse pressure being 1.2-1.5 times the working pressure; the low-pressure hot water backwash mode includes using hot water at 40-60°C to perform reverse or forward flushing on the risk pipe section.

[0014] In one example of the invention, the target slurry is maintained at a temperature range [T]. min , T max The target slurry maintenance temperature range [T] is determined based on the cement hydration temperature requirements and the antifreeze safety margin; wherein, the target slurry maintenance temperature range [T] is determined based on the cement hydration temperature requirements and the antifreeze safety margin. min , T max The temperature is set to 5℃~20℃; the preheating threshold T3 is set to no less than 5℃; and the safety temperature T7 is set to no less than 1℃.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention combines composite insulation structure, zoned active heating, and intelligent predictive control to form a highly efficient, reliable, and economical insulation solution for filling slurry transportation in extremely cold environments. This method significantly reduces heat loss and energy consumption over long distances (overall energy consumption can be reduced by more than 30%) through the synergistic effect of an "active heating layer + high-efficiency composite insulation layer (including phase change energy storage material)" and a zoned dynamic temperature control strategy. Furthermore, the latent heat storage and release of the phase change material provides an additional thermal buffer for the system, enhancing its ability to cope with sudden situations such as heating interruptions or sudden environmental cooling. In addition, by establishing the dynamic thermodynamic model shown in formula (1), the system achieves accurate prediction and early intervention of slurry temperature change trends. Compared with traditional feedback control, the response time is greatly shortened, further improving temperature control accuracy and energy utilization efficiency, and significantly enhancing the safety and continuity of the transportation process. Finally, by accurately maintaining the slurry transportation temperature, the environment of the cementitious material is protected, providing key technical support for the filling body to reach its design strength and ensuring safe mining.

[0016] The preferred embodiments of the invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, so as to facilitate an understanding of the features and advantages of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below. The drawings are merely illustrative of some embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention to all embodiments.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the conveying pipeline according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a front view of a delivery pipeline according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 A flowchart of an intelligent control method according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the dynamic zone temperature control logic according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] List of reference numerals in the attached diagram: Delivery pipeline 100; Inner conveying tube 10; Active heating layer 20; Composite insulation layer 30; Aerogel felt layer 31; Phase change energy storage material layer 32; Modified polyurethane foam layer 33; Vacuum insulation layer 34; Protective outer tube 40; Sensor assembly 200; Central controller 300. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals in the drawings represent the same components. It should be noted that the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the described embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms “first,” “second,” and similar terms used in this patent application specification and claims do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Similarly, “an” or “a” and similar terms do not necessarily indicate a quantity limitation. Terms such as “comprising” or “including” mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the element or object listed following the word and its equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as “connected” or “linked” are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as “upper,” “lower,” “left,” and “right” are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; these relative positional relationships may change accordingly when the absolute position of the described object changes.

[0022] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a filling slurry insulation and conveying system for extremely cold mining areas, such as... Figure 1 and 2 As shown, it includes a delivery pipeline 100, a sensor assembly 200, and a central controller 300. The conveying pipeline 100 comprises, from the inside out: an inner conveying pipe 10, an active heating layer 20, and a composite insulation layer 30. The inner conveying pipe 10 is configured to convey filling slurry; the active heating layer 20 is configured to independently heat the inner conveying pipe 10 in segments along its extension direction; and the composite insulation layer 30 is configured to insulate the active heating layer 20. The sensor assembly 200 is installed at intervals along the extension direction of the conveying pipeline 100 on the conveying pipeline 100, and is configured to sense the slurry temperature T4, pipe wall temperature T5, ambient temperature T1, slurry flow rate Q and pipeline pressure P of each section of the conveying pipeline 100 in segments. The central controller 300 is coupled to the sensor assembly 200 and the active heating layer 20 respectively, and is configured to receive the slurry temperature T4, pipe wall temperature T5, ambient temperature T1, slurry flow rate Q and pipeline pressure P of each section of the conveying pipeline 100, and adjust and control the temperature of the conveying pipeline 100 in segments based on a dynamic thermodynamic model.

[0023] The specific control process of the thermal insulation conveying system is as follows: Preheating and parameter initialization of the thermal insulation conveying system before conveying: Start the system, and based on the current ambient temperature T1 and the target slurry maintenance temperature T2 sensed by the sensor component 200, preheat the unloaded pipeline through the active heating layer 20 until the wall temperature of the inner conveying pipe 10 reaches the preset threshold T3; The central controller 300 initializes the system parameters and sets the core target temperature range of the slurry [T]. min , T max [and alarm thresholds for each monitoring point; dynamic zoned intelligent temperature control during the conveying process: after the slurry begins to be conveyed, the insulated conveying system executes closed-loop control; the sensor assembly 200 senses and collects in real time the slurry temperature T4, pipe wall temperature T5, ambient temperature T1, flow information Q, and pressure information P of each pipe section; the central controller 300 predicts the slurry temperature T6 of the next monitoring point based on the built-in dynamic thermodynamic model and combined with real-time data; compares the slurry temperature T6 of the next monitoring point with the target temperature range [T] min , T max To address deviations, the system dynamically adjusts the output power of the corresponding active heating layer 20 to achieve on-demand heating. It also features anomaly diagnosis and adaptive handling: when the insulation conveying system detects that the slurry temperature T4 at a certain point is close to the freezing point or the temperature drop rate exceeds the safety threshold, it triggers a freezing risk warning, automatically increases the heating power of related and upstream sections, and can adjust the slurry temperature at the outlet of the surface preparation station in conjunction with the system. When an abnormal increase in pipeline pressure P is detected, accompanied by local temperature anomalies, it determines that there is a risk of initial condensation or blockage, and automatically triggers an anti-blockage pretreatment program. Furthermore, during intermittent conveying, the insulation conveying system automatically switches to a low-power maintenance mode, providing only the minimum necessary heat to maintain the internal temperature of the pipeline at a safe temperature T7 slightly above the freezing point, preventing residual slurry from freezing and preparing for the next start-up.

[0024] This thermal insulation and conveying system combines a composite insulation structure, zoned active heating, and intelligent predictive control to form a highly efficient, reliable, and economical thermal insulation solution for conveying filling slurry in extremely cold environments. This method significantly reduces heat loss and energy consumption over long distances (overall energy consumption can be reduced by more than 30%) through the synergistic effect of an "active heating layer 20 + high-efficiency composite insulation layer 30 (including phase change energy storage material)" and a zoned dynamic temperature control strategy. Furthermore, the latent heat storage and release of the phase change material provides an additional thermal buffer for the system, enhancing its ability to cope with sudden situations such as heating interruptions or rapid environmental cooling. In addition, by establishing the dynamic thermodynamic model shown in formula (1), the system achieves accurate prediction and early intervention of the slurry temperature change trend. Compared with traditional feedback control, the response time is greatly shortened, further improving temperature control accuracy and energy utilization efficiency, and significantly enhancing the safety and continuity of the conveying process. Finally, by accurately maintaining the slurry conveying temperature, the environment of the cementitious material is protected, providing key technical support for the filling body to reach its design strength and ensuring safe mining.

[0025] In one example of the present invention, the active heating layer 20 includes a flexible electrothermal film that covers the outer wall of the inner conveying tube 10, and the flexible electrothermal film is divided into multiple independently temperature-controlled logical segments along the length direction of the inner conveying tube 10.

[0026] In one example of the present invention, the composite insulation layer 30 comprises, from the inside out: an aerogel felt layer 31, a phase change energy storage material layer 32, and a modified polyurethane foam layer 33. The aerogel felt layer 31 is configured to effectively block heat conduction loss from the active heating layer 20 to the outside, and based on its flexibility, it can closely adhere to the heating layer, eliminating air gaps and reducing thermal bridging effects. The phase change energy storage material layer 32 is configured to utilize its latent heat of phase change to absorb and store excess heat when the slurry temperature is normal or the heating layer is working; when the ambient temperature drops sharply or the heating power is temporarily insufficient, it releases the stored heat to slow down the rate of temperature drop inside the pipe. The modified polyurethane foam layer 33 is configured to provide structural support and long-term stable insulation performance, ensuring durability in extremely cold and humid mining environments.

[0027] In one example of the present invention, the aerogel felt layer 31 is made of silica nano-aerogel and reinforcing fiber composite; the phase change energy storage material layer 32 is a microencapsulated composite phase change material with tetradecane as the main body and a small amount of hexadecane added to adjust the phase change temperature, the phase change temperature is set at 5-8℃, and contains high thermal conductivity material to improve the thermal response rate; wherein, the microcapsule wall material is polymethyl methacrylate; the modified polyurethane foam layer 33 is made of pre-formed rigid polyurethane foam, and phosphorus-based or intumescent flame retardant is added to make it meet the standards of mining flame retardant materials, and a vacuum insulation layer 34 is added outside the modified polyurethane foam layer 33.

[0028] In one example of the present invention, the sensor assembly 200 includes: a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, and an electromagnetic flow meter. The temperature sensor is configured to sense the slurry temperature T4, pipe wall temperature T5, and ambient temperature T1 of each section of the conveying pipeline 100. The pressure sensor is configured to sense the pipeline pressure P in each section of the delivery pipeline 100; The electromagnetic flowmeter is configured to measure the volumetric flow rate Q of the filling slurry in real time.

[0029] In one example of the present invention, the delivery pipeline 100 further includes a protective outer pipe 40 disposed outside the composite insulation layer 30, the protective outer pipe 40 being configured to protect the composite insulation layer 30.

[0030] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a control method for a filling slurry insulation and conveying system in an extremely cold mining area as described above includes the following steps: S10: Preheating and parameter initialization of the insulated conveying system before conveying: Start the insulated conveying system. Based on the current ambient temperature T1 and the target slurry maintenance temperature T2 sensed by the sensor component 200, preheat the unloaded pipeline through the active heating layer 20 until the wall temperature of the inner conveying pipe 10 reaches the preset threshold T3; the central controller 300 initializes the system parameters and sets the core target temperature range of the slurry [T]. min , T max and alarm thresholds for each monitoring point; S20: Dynamic Zoning Intelligent Temperature Control During Conveying: After the slurry begins conveying, the insulated conveying system executes closed-loop control; the sensor assembly 200 senses and collects in real time the slurry temperature T4, pipe wall temperature T5, ambient temperature T1, flow rate information Q, and pressure information P of each pipe section; the central controller 300, based on the built-in dynamic thermodynamic model and combined with real-time data, predicts the slurry temperature T6 at the next monitoring point; and compares the slurry temperature T6 at the next monitoring point with the target temperature range [T]. min , T max The deviation is dynamically adjusted to adjust the output power of the corresponding active heating layer 20 to achieve on-demand heating; S30: Anomaly Diagnosis and Adaptive Handling: When the thermal insulation conveying system detects that the slurry temperature T4 at a certain point is close to the freezing point or the rate of temperature drop exceeds the safety threshold, a freezing risk warning is triggered, the heating power of the relevant and upstream sections is automatically increased, and the slurry temperature at the outlet of the surface preparation station can be adjusted in conjunction with the system; when the pipeline pressure P is detected to rise abnormally and is accompanied by local temperature anomalies, it is determined that there is a risk of initial condensation or blockage, and the anti-blockage pretreatment program is automatically triggered. S40: Low-power insulation during transport intervals: During transport intervals, the insulation transport system automatically switches to low-power maintenance mode, providing only the minimum necessary heat to keep the internal temperature of the pipeline at a safe temperature T7 slightly above the freezing point, preventing residual slurry from freezing and preparing for the next start-up.

[0031] The control method of the thermal insulation conveying system combines composite thermal insulation structure, zoned active heating and intelligent predictive regulation to form a set of efficient, reliable and economical thermal insulation solutions for filling slurry conveying in extremely cold environments. This method significantly reduces heat loss and energy consumption during long-distance conveying (overall energy consumption can be reduced by more than 30%) through the synergistic effect of "active heating layer 20 + high-efficiency composite thermal insulation layer 30 (including phase change energy storage material)" and zoned dynamic temperature control strategy. It also provides additional thermal buffer for the system through the latent heat storage and release of phase change material, enhancing the ability to cope with sudden situations such as heating interruption or sudden cooling of the environment. In addition, by establishing the dynamic thermodynamic model shown in formula (1), the system realizes accurate prediction and early intervention of the slurry temperature change trend. Compared with traditional feedback control, the response time is greatly shortened, further improving the temperature control accuracy and energy utilization efficiency, and greatly improving the safety and continuity of the conveying process. Finally, by accurately maintaining the slurry conveying temperature, the environment of the cementitious material is protected, providing key technical support for the filling body to reach the design strength and ensuring safe mining.

[0032] In one example of the present invention, in step S20, the dynamic thermodynamic model performs temperature prediction calculations based on the following heat balance equation, expressed as follows: In the formula, The predicted slurry temperature at the next monitoring point, in °C; The temperature of the slurry is collected in real time at the current monitoring point, in °C. The ambient temperature is collected in real time, in °C. The overall heat transfer coefficient per unit pipe length is determined by the insulation structure, with units of W / (m·℃). The length of the pipe section between the current monitoring point and the next monitoring point, in meters; Slurry density, unit: kg / m³ 3 ; Specific heat capacity of slurry, unit: J / (kg·℃); The volumetric flow rate of the slurry is collected in real time, in cubic meters. 3 / s; This represents the total heating power output of the active heating layer 20 in this pipe section, in W.

[0033] In one example of the present invention, such as Figure 4As shown, in step S20, the slurry temperature T6 at the next monitoring point is compared with the target temperature range [T]. min , T max To address deviations, the output power of the corresponding active heating layer 20 is dynamically adjusted to achieve on-demand heating, specifically including the following: S21: Real-time monitoring data: At the inlet of each temperature control zone, the sensor assembly 200 continuously collects the slurry temperature T4, ambient temperature T1, and slurry flow rate Q of that zone; S22: Model predicts temperature change: The central controller 300 inputs real-time data into the dynamic thermodynamic model to calculate the predicted slurry temperature at the outlet of this section; S23: Calculate the required heating power: Compare the predicted temperature with the target temperature range [Tmin, Tmax], and calculate the heating power W1 required to achieve the target temperature. S24: Compare and adjust with actual power: Compare the calculated required heating power W1 with the current actual heating power W2 of the section, and generate power adjustment commands to increase, decrease or maintain. S25: Power Adjustment: The active heating layer 20 receives instructions, adjusts electrical parameters, and outputs them to the required heating section of the active heating layer 20, changing its actual heating power. In other words, the active heating layer 20 also includes multiple zone power controllers. Each zone power controller is an independent electronic control unit, containing a communication interface for receiving instructions, a core processor for computation, an execution module for adjusting heating power, and a status feedback circuit for closed-loop monitoring. Each zone power controller corresponds to an independent heating logic section. Independent of the pipeline delivery system, the zone power controller is installed in a protective box or fixed bracket near the pipeline in that section and connected to the flexible electric heating film it controls via a power cable, and communicates with the central controller via a signal cable. Power adjustment instructions issued by the central controller are received and executed by each zone power controller, converting them into precise electrical power applied to the corresponding section's electric heating film.

[0034] S26: Maintain target temperature: After one control cycle, the system returns to step S10, uses new monitoring data to start a new round of adjustment, forms a closed loop, and dynamically maintains the slurry temperature within the target range.

[0035] In one example of the present invention, in step S30, the anti-clogging pretreatment procedure includes: automatically triggering a pressure pulse mode or a low-pressure hot water backwash mode; wherein, the pressure pulse mode includes instantaneously generating one or more high-pressure pulse waves in the risk pipe section, the pulse pressure being 1.2-1.5 times the working pressure; the low-pressure hot water backwash mode includes using hot water at 40-60°C to perform reverse or forward flushing on the risk pipe section.

[0036] In one example of the invention, the target slurry is maintained at a temperature range [T]. min , T max The target slurry maintenance temperature range [T] is determined based on the cement hydration temperature requirements and the antifreeze safety margin; wherein, the target slurry maintenance temperature range [T] is determined based on the cement hydration temperature requirements and the antifreeze safety margin. min , T max The temperature is set to 5℃~20℃; the preheating threshold T3 is set to no less than 5℃; and the safety temperature T7 is set to no less than 1℃.

[0037] Specific examples: like Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 As shown, the heat-insulating conveying system includes, from the inside out: an inner conveying pipe 10, a flexible electric heating film, an aerogel felt layer 31, a phase change energy storage material layer 32, a modified polyurethane foam layer 33, a vacuum insulation layer 34, and a protective outer pipe 40. Temperature sensors are arranged on the outer wall of the inner pipe and the outer side of the insulation layer, and pressure sensors are installed at pressure tapping points connected to the inner conveying pipe 10.

[0038] like Figure 2 As shown, the control process is as follows: After system startup, preheating of the entire line is performed first. Upon commencement of transport, the real-time data acquisition module begins operation. The central controller 300 uses a dynamic thermodynamic model to predict the temperature of the pipe sections and generates control commands, adjusting the power of each section's heating film via the zone power controller. The monitoring module continuously checks for anomalies (such as sudden temperature drops or abnormal pressure rises); if any are detected, corresponding warning and handling procedures are triggered; otherwise, monitoring continues in a loop. After transport stops, the system enters a low-power heat preservation mode.

[0039] like Figure 3 As shown, the dynamic zone temperature control logic is as follows: For each temperature control zone, the controller acquires the inlet temperature, ambient temperature, and flow rate of that zone. Based on the model calculation, the heating power required to maintain the target outlet temperature is obtained. Adjustments are made based on the current actual power, and a new control signal is output.

[0040] In practical implementation, T2 can be set to 12±3℃, and preheating can begin when the inner wall temperature of the pipe reaches 8℃. When the slurry temperature at a certain point drops below 3℃, the system alarms and automatically increases the heating power. If the pressure exceeds the set value by 15% for 2 minutes, a pressure pulse lasting 10 seconds is triggered. Through the above method, it is possible to ensure that the temperature drop of the slurry in a 10-kilometer conveying pipeline does not exceed 8℃ in an environment of -30℃, with no freezing throughout the entire process.

[0041] The foregoing description, with reference to preferred embodiments, details an exemplary implementation of the thermal insulation and conveying system for filling slurry in extremely cold mining areas and its control method proposed by the present invention. However, those skilled in the art will understand that various modifications and alterations can be made to the above specific embodiments without departing from the concept of the present invention, and various combinations can be made to the various technical features and structures proposed by the present invention without exceeding the protection scope of the present invention, the protection scope of the present invention being determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A filling slurry insulation and conveying system for extremely cold mining areas, characterized in that, It includes a delivery pipeline (100), a sensor assembly (200), and a central controller (300). The conveying pipeline (100) comprises, from the inside out: an inner conveying pipe (10), an active heating layer (20), and a composite insulation layer (30). The inner conveying pipe (10) is configured to convey filling slurry. The active heating layer (20) is configured to independently heat the inner conveying pipe (10) in segments along the extension direction of the inner conveying pipe (10). The composite insulation layer (30) is configured to insulate the active heating layer (20). The sensor assembly (200) is installed at intervals along the extension direction of the conveying pipeline (100) on the conveying pipeline (100) and is configured to sense the slurry temperature T4, pipe wall temperature T5, ambient temperature T1, slurry flow rate Q and pipeline pressure P of each section of the conveying pipeline (100) in segments. The central controller (300) is coupled to the sensor assembly (200) and the active heating layer (20) respectively, and is configured to receive the slurry temperature T4, pipe wall temperature T5, ambient temperature T1, slurry flow rate Q and pipeline pressure P of each section of the conveying pipeline (100) and adjust and control the temperature of the conveying pipeline (100) in segments based on a dynamic thermodynamic model.

2. The filling slurry insulation and conveying system for extremely cold mining areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The active heating layer (20) includes a flexible electrothermal film that covers the outer wall of the inner conveying tube (10), and the flexible electrothermal film is divided into multiple independently temperature-controlled logical segments along the length of the inner conveying tube (10).

3. The filling slurry insulation and conveying system for extremely cold mining areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The composite insulation layer (30) comprises, from the inside out: an aerogel felt layer (31), a phase change energy storage material layer (32), and a modified polyurethane foam layer (33). The aerogel felt layer (31) is configured to effectively block the heat conduction loss from the active heating layer (20) to the outside, and based on its flexibility, it can be tightly attached to the heating layer to eliminate air gaps and reduce thermal bridge effects. The phase change energy storage material layer (32) is configured to utilize its latent heat of phase change to absorb and store excess heat when the slurry temperature is normal or the heating layer is working. When the ambient temperature drops sharply or the heating power is temporarily insufficient, the stored heat is released to slow down the rate of temperature drop inside the pipe. The modified polyurethane foam layer (33) is configured to provide structural support and long-term stable insulation performance to ensure durability in extremely cold and humid mining environments.

4. The filling slurry insulation and conveying system for extremely cold mining areas according to claim 3, characterized in that, The aerogel felt layer (31) is made of silica nano-aerogel and reinforcing fiber composite; the phase change energy storage material layer (32) is a microencapsulated composite phase change material with tetradecane as the main body and a small amount of hexadecane added to adjust the phase change temperature. Its phase change temperature is set at 5-8℃ and contains high thermal conductivity material to improve the thermal response rate; the microcapsule wall material is polymethyl methacrylate; the modified polyurethane foam layer (33) is made of pre-formed rigid polyurethane foam and phosphorus-based or intumescent flame retardant is added. A vacuum insulation layer (34) is added outside the modified polyurethane foam layer (33).

5. The filling slurry insulation and conveying system for extremely cold mining areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sensor assembly (200) includes: a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, and an electromagnetic flow meter. The temperature sensor is configured to sense the slurry temperature T4, pipe wall temperature T5, and ambient temperature T1 of each section of the conveying pipeline (100). The pressure sensor is configured to sense the pipeline pressure P in each section of the delivery pipeline (100); The electromagnetic flowmeter is configured to measure the volumetric flow rate Q of the filling slurry in real time.

6. A control method for a filling slurry insulation and conveying system in extremely cold mining areas as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S10: Preheating and parameter initialization of the insulated conveying system before conveying: Start the insulated conveying system, and preheat the unloaded pipeline through the active heating layer (20) according to the current ambient temperature T1 and the target slurry maintenance temperature T2 sensed by the sensor component (200) until the wall temperature of the inner conveying pipe (10) reaches the preset threshold T3; the central controller (300) initializes the system parameters and sets the core target temperature range of the slurry [T min , T max and alarm thresholds for each monitoring point; S20: Dynamic Zoning Intelligent Temperature Control During Conveying: After the slurry begins to be conveyed, the insulated conveying system executes closed-loop control; the sensor assembly (200) senses and collects in real time the slurry temperature T4, pipe wall temperature T5, ambient temperature T1, flow rate information Q, and pressure information P of each pipe section; the central controller (300) predicts the slurry temperature T6 of the next monitoring point based on the built-in dynamic thermodynamic model and real-time data; and compares the slurry temperature T6 of the next monitoring point with the target temperature range [T]. min , T max The deviation of the active heating layer (20) in the corresponding section is dynamically adjusted to achieve on-demand heating; S30: Anomaly Diagnosis and Adaptive Handling: When the thermal insulation conveying system detects that the slurry temperature T4 at a certain point is close to the freezing point or the rate of temperature drop exceeds the safety threshold, a freezing risk warning is triggered, the heating power of the relevant and upstream sections is automatically increased, and the slurry temperature at the outlet of the surface preparation station can be adjusted in conjunction with the system; when the pipeline pressure P is detected to rise abnormally and is accompanied by local temperature anomalies, it is determined that there is a risk of initial condensation or blockage, and the anti-blockage pretreatment program is automatically triggered. S40: Low-power insulation during transport intervals: During transport intervals, the insulation transport system automatically switches to low-power maintenance mode, providing only the minimum necessary heat to keep the internal temperature of the pipeline at a safe temperature T7 slightly above the freezing point, preventing residual slurry from freezing and preparing for the next start-up.

7. The control method for the filling slurry insulation and conveying system in extremely cold mining areas according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S20, the dynamic thermodynamic model performs temperature prediction calculations based on the following heat balance equation, the expression of which is as follows: In the formula, The predicted slurry temperature for the next monitoring point; The slurry temperature is collected in real time at the current monitoring point; The ambient temperature is collected in real time; The overall heat transfer coefficient per unit pipe length is determined by the insulation structure; This refers to the length of the pipe segment between the current monitoring point and the next monitoring point. The density of the slurry; Specific heat capacity of the slurry; This refers to the real-time volumetric flow rate of the slurry. The total heating power output of the active heating layer (20) of this pipe section.

8. The control method for the filling slurry insulation and conveying system in extremely cold mining areas according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S20, the slurry temperature T6 at the next monitoring point is compared with the target temperature range [T]. min , T max To address the deviation, the output power of the corresponding active heating layer (20) is dynamically adjusted to achieve on-demand heating, specifically including the following: S21: Real-time monitoring data: At the inlet of each temperature control zone, the sensor assembly (200) continuously collects the slurry temperature T4, ambient temperature T1 and slurry flow rate Q of that zone; S22: Model Predicts Temperature Change: The central controller (300) inputs real-time data into the dynamic thermodynamic model to calculate the predicted slurry temperature at the outlet of this section; S23: Calculate the required heating power: Compare the predicted temperature with the target temperature range [Tmin, Tmax], and calculate the heating power W1 required to achieve the target temperature. S24: Compare and adjust with actual power: Compare the calculated required heating power W1 with the current actual heating power W2 of the section, and generate power adjustment commands to increase, decrease or maintain. S25: Power adjustment: The active heating layer (20) receives the instruction, adjusts the power parameters and outputs them to the required heating section of the active heating layer (20) to change its actual heating power; S26: Maintain target temperature: After one control cycle, the system returns to step S10, uses new monitoring data to start a new round of adjustment, forms a closed loop, and dynamically maintains the slurry temperature within the target range.

9. The control method for the filling slurry insulation and conveying system in extremely cold mining areas according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S30, the anti-clogging pretreatment procedure includes: automatically triggering a pressure pulse mode or a low-pressure hot water backwash mode; wherein, the pressure pulse mode includes instantaneously generating one or more high-pressure pulse waves in the risk pipe section, with the pulse pressure being 1.2-1.5 times the working pressure; the low-pressure hot water backwash mode includes using hot water at 40-60℃ to perform reverse or forward flushing on the risk pipe section.

10. The control method for the filling slurry insulation and conveying system in extremely cold mining areas according to claim 6, characterized in that, The target slurry is maintained within a temperature range of [T]. min , T max The target slurry maintenance temperature range [T] is determined based on the cement hydration temperature requirements and the antifreeze safety margin; wherein, the target slurry maintenance temperature range [T] is determined based on the cement hydration temperature requirements and the antifreeze safety margin. min , T max The temperature is set to 5℃~20℃; the preheating threshold T3 is set to no less than 5℃; and the safety temperature T7 is set to no less than 1℃.

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