Optical storage direct flexible system multi-target cooperative control method and system based on topology perception

Abstract

The invention discloses an optical storage direct flexible system multi-target cooperative control method and system based on topology perception, and belongs to the technical field of building energy management and power distribution. The optical storage direct-flexible system comprises a photovoltaic unit, an energy storage unit and a direct-current load unit which are connected through a direct-current bus with a preset voltage level sequence. When the bus voltage of the direct current bus deviates from the safe voltage operation range of the voltage level sequence to which the bus voltage belongs, operation state data of flexible load units in a photovoltaic unit, an energy storage unit and a direct current load unit are acquired, and the topology type of each function partition is determined; according to the operation state data and the topology type, self-adaptive control parameters of the photovoltaic unit, the energy storage unit and the flexible load unit matched with the topology characteristics of the partitions where the photovoltaic unit, the energy storage unit and the flexible load unit are located are configured; according to the self-adaptive control parameters, the response coefficient and priority of each unit participating in voltage regulation are dynamically adjusted, and the voltage of the direct current bus is stabilized in a safe voltage operation range corresponding to a preset voltage level sequence.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of building energy management and power distribution technology, and in particular to a multi-objective collaborative control method and system for a photovoltaic-storage-DC-flexible system based on topology sensing. Background Technology

[0002] Against the backdrop of global efforts to address climate change, the low-carbon transformation of buildings is of paramount importance. Given the high proportion of energy consumption and carbon emissions in building operations, the development of low-carbon buildings with a high proportion of renewable energy and high energy efficiency is imperative. Among these technologies, DC power distribution systems, due to their natural compatibility with DC power sources such as photovoltaics and energy storage, as well as the increasing DC loads, can reduce AC / DC conversion losses and improve energy efficiency and reliability, and have become a key technology supporting the implementation of low-carbon buildings.

[0003] However, the large-scale application of DC power distribution in buildings still faces core challenges: the lack of a unified voltage level standard leads to poor equipment versatility and increased costs; after the system is connected to distributed photovoltaic, energy storage and diverse DC loads, power balance becomes complex, DC bus voltage is prone to fluctuation, threatening power supply safety; DC fault current has no natural zero-crossing point, protection disconnection is difficult, and there is a lack of mature multi-source load collaborative control methods.

[0004] Therefore, a systematic solution is urgently needed to comprehensively address the issues of voltage stability, economical operation, reliable power supply, and safety protection, in order to promote the maturity and widespread application of this technology. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main objective of this application is to provide a multi-objective collaborative control method and system for photovoltaic-storage-DC-flexible systems based on topology sensing, which aims to solve the technical problem that existing low-carbon building photovoltaic-storage-DC-flexible systems have poor comprehensive management effects in terms of voltage stability, economic operation, reliable power supply and safety protection.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides a multi-objective cooperative control method for a photovoltaic-storage-DC-flexible system based on topology awareness. The photovoltaic-storage-DC-flexible system includes a photovoltaic unit, an energy storage unit, and a DC load unit connected via a DC bus with a preset voltage hierarchy sequence. The method includes the following steps: When the bus voltage of the DC bus deviates from the safe voltage operating range of its voltage level sequence, the operating status data of the flexible load unit in the photovoltaic unit, the energy storage unit and the DC load unit are obtained, and the topology type of each functional zone is determined. Based on the operating status data and the topology type, configure adaptive control parameters for the photovoltaic unit, the energy storage unit, and the flexible load unit to match the topology characteristics of their respective zones; Based on the adaptive control parameters, the response coefficients and priorities of each unit participating in voltage regulation are dynamically adjusted, and the voltage of the DC bus is stabilized within the safe voltage operating range corresponding to the preset voltage level sequence.

[0007] In one embodiment, the step of configuring adaptive control parameters for the photovoltaic unit, energy storage unit, and flexible load unit to match the topology characteristics of their respective zones based on the operating status data and the topology type includes: The operating status data includes the output power data of the photovoltaic unit, the state of charge data of the energy storage unit, and the adjustable power data of the flexible load unit; When configuring the adaptive control parameters of the photovoltaic unit, the instantaneous penetration rate is calculated based on the output power data and total load data. Based on the instantaneous penetration rate and the topology of the partition where the photovoltaic unit is located, the starting voltage threshold and power voltage droop coefficient of its voltage limiting control are determined and configured. The total load data is the sum of the power consumed by all DC load units on the DC bus and the power absorbed by the energy storage unit when it is in the charging state. When configuring the adaptive control parameters of the energy storage unit, its state of charge range is determined based on the state of charge data, and its charging and discharging power response coefficient to voltage deviation is determined and configured based on the state of charge range and the reliability requirements indicated by the topology type of the partition where the energy storage unit is located. When configuring the adaptive control parameters of the flexible load unit, the range of power that can be called and the calling constraints are determined based on the adjustable power data and the network redundancy and partitioning relationship defined by the topology type.

[0008] In one embodiment, the step of determining and configuring the start-up voltage threshold and power voltage droop coefficient for voltage limiting control based on the instantaneous permeability and the topology type of the partition where the photovoltaic unit is located includes: Preset benchmark values ​​corresponding to different topology types, wherein the benchmark values ​​include the start-up voltage threshold and the power voltage droop coefficient, and the benchmark values ​​are preset according to the power supply-related evaluation index requirements corresponding to the topology type; When the instantaneous penetration rate is greater than the first preset threshold, the starting voltage threshold is lowered according to the benchmark value; When the instantaneous penetration rate is greater than the second preset threshold, the starting voltage threshold is simultaneously lowered and the droop coefficient is increased according to the reference value corresponding to the topology type; wherein, the second preset threshold is higher than the first preset threshold, and the reference starting voltage threshold for the ring topology or dual-ring topology partition configuration is lower than the reference value for the single bus topology or multi-bus segmented topology partition configuration.

[0009] In one embodiment, the step of determining and configuring the response coefficient of its charging and discharging power to voltage deviation based on the reliability requirements indicated by the state of charge range and the topology type of the partition where the energy storage unit is located includes: When the state of charge is in the first state of charge range, its charging response coefficient is increased and its discharging response coefficient is decreased. When the state of charge is in the second state of charge interval, its discharge response coefficient is increased and its charging response coefficient is decreased; wherein, the state of charge corresponding to the first state of charge interval is higher than the state of charge corresponding to the second state of charge interval, and the reliability requirement is that the change range of the response coefficient of the energy storage unit configuration in the critical level partition is greater than the change range of the configuration in the non-critical level partition.

[0010] In one embodiment, the step of determining the callable power range and call constraints based on the adjustable power data and the network redundancy and partitioning relationships defined by the topology type includes: The adjustable power range is determined based on the adjustment cost weight and adjustable power value in the adjustable power data. For a flexible load unit group located in a network redundancy relationship and serving as a backup power supply path for each other, a calling constraint is configured, wherein the calling constraint prohibits the synchronous calling of the rated adjustable power of all flexible load units in the group, and the sum of the callable power ranges allocated to each flexible load unit therein is not greater than the redundancy capacity of the path.

[0011] In one embodiment, the step of determining the callable power range based on the adjustment cost weight and the adjustable power value in the adjustable power data includes: When power reduction is required, the power reduction call sequence is generated by sorting the adjustable power values ​​in ascending order according to the adjustment cost weight or the adjustable power values. When power needs to be increased, the adjustable power values ​​are sorted from smallest to largest according to the adjustment cost weight or the adjustable power value, and units with interruptible or migrated load types are selected first to generate a power increase call sequence. Based on the power reduction call sequence and the power increase call sequence, the real-time callable power range of each flexible load unit is determined.

[0012] In one embodiment, after the step of stabilizing the voltage of the DC bus within the safe voltage operating range corresponding to the preset voltage level sequence, the method further includes: Collect comprehensive load forecast curves and time-of-use electricity price information for a specified future period, and aggregate the adjustable loads within the building into virtual energy storage resources with equivalent charging and discharging power and capacity; On the day-ahead planning time scale, based on the comprehensive load forecast curve and the time-of-use electricity price information, the day-ahead charging and discharging strategy of the energy storage unit and the working period plan of the transferable load are formulated. In the intraday optimization time scale, a cost model including grid power purchase cost, energy storage depreciation cost and demand response revenue is established at fixed time intervals. Within the safe voltage operating range, the optimal scheduling plan with the lowest total operating cost in the next few hours is solved, and according to the optimal scheduling plan, the virtual energy storage resources with lower adjustment costs are prioritized. In real-time control, the optimized scheduling plan is transformed into compensation instructions for real-time fine-tuning of the adaptive control parameters, and each unit is controlled according to the compensation instructions.

[0013] In one embodiment, the step of determining the topology type of each functional partition includes: Obtain comprehensive performance evaluation data and load distribution topology data related to the power supply of each functional area within the building; Based on the comprehensive performance evaluation level data and the load distribution topology data, determine the topology type of the network structure corresponding to each functional zone.

[0014] In one embodiment, the preset voltage level sequence is a combination of at least two DC voltage levels selected based on the power level of the DC load in the building, the safety voltage requirements of the equipment, and the line transmission loss; wherein the lower voltage level is not lower than the safety extra-low voltage, and the higher voltage level is not higher than a predetermined value.

[0015] Furthermore, to achieve the above objectives, this application also provides a multi-grid coordinated control system, the system comprising: The acquisition module is used to acquire the operating status data of the photovoltaic unit, the energy storage unit and the flexible load unit in the DC load unit when the bus voltage of the DC bus deviates from the safe voltage operating range of its voltage level sequence, and to determine the topology type of each functional partition. The configuration module is used to configure adaptive control parameters for the photovoltaic unit, the energy storage unit, and the flexible load unit to match the topology characteristics of their respective partitions, based on the operating status data and the topology type. The adjustment module is used to dynamically adjust the response coefficient and priority of each unit participating in voltage regulation according to the adaptive control parameters, and stabilize the voltage of the DC bus within the safe voltage operating range corresponding to the preset voltage level sequence.

[0016] One or more technical solutions proposed in this application have at least the following technical effects: when the bus voltage of the DC bus deviates from the safe voltage operating range of its voltage level sequence, the operating status data of the photovoltaic unit, the energy storage unit, and the flexible load unit among the DC load units are obtained, and the topology type of each functional zone is determined; based on the operating status data and the topology type, adaptive control parameters matching the topology characteristics of the photovoltaic unit, the energy storage unit, and the flexible load unit with their respective zone are configured; based on the adaptive control parameters, the response coefficients and priorities of each unit participating in voltage regulation are dynamically adjusted, and the voltage of the DC bus is stabilized within the safe voltage operating range corresponding to the preset voltage level sequence, wherein the DC bus voltage is a measure of the system... Power balance and stability are core indicators, and their deviation is a direct criterion for initiating control logic. Different functional zones (such as critical equipment zones, general lighting zones, and electric vehicle charging zones) have different tolerance and adjustment potential for voltage fluctuations due to differences in power supply reliability requirements, load characteristics, and network connection methods (topology). Therefore, by sensing the DC bus voltage deviation, the operating status of each unit, and the network topology type in real time, adaptive control parameters that match the current system status and physical structure are dynamically configured. This allows for intelligent adjustment of the voltage regulation response behavior of the three controllable resources: photovoltaic, energy storage, and flexible loads. Ultimately, under complex and ever-changing operating scenarios, the system's DC bus voltage is accurately and stably controlled within the preset safe voltage level range, achieving safe, economical, and efficient multi-objective coordinated operation. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application.

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the first embodiment of the multi-objective cooperative control method for a topology-aware optical-storage-linear-flexible system based on this application. Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the second embodiment of the multi-objective cooperative control method for a topology-aware optical-storage-linear-flexible system based on this application.

[0020] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of this application will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0021] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0022] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the first embodiment of the multi-objective cooperative control method for a topology-aware optical-storage-direct-flexible system based on this application.

[0023] In this embodiment, a multi-objective cooperative control method for a topology-aware photovoltaic-storage-DC-flexible system is proposed. The photovoltaic-storage-DC-flexible system includes photovoltaic units, energy storage units, and DC load units connected by a DC bus with a preset voltage hierarchy sequence. The method includes the following steps: S10, when the bus voltage of the DC bus deviates from the safe voltage operating range of its voltage level sequence, acquire the operating status data of the flexible load unit in the photovoltaic unit, the energy storage unit and the DC load unit, and determine the topology type of each functional zone; S20, Based on the operating status data and the topology type, configure adaptive control parameters for the photovoltaic unit, the energy storage unit, and the flexible load unit to match the topology characteristics of their respective zones; S30, based on the adaptive control parameters, dynamically adjust the response coefficients and priorities of each unit participating in voltage regulation, and stabilize the voltage of the DC bus within the safe voltage operating range corresponding to the preset voltage level sequence.

[0024] In this embodiment, an intelligent collaborative control system for photovoltaic, energy storage, DC power supply and flexible load (PV, energy storage, DC power supply and flexible load) systems is constructed. Its core lies in overcoming the limitations of traditional control methods that are insensitive to changes in system topology and operating status. By sensing the DC bus voltage deviation, the operating status of each unit and the network topology type in real time, adaptive control parameters that match the current system status and physical structure are dynamically configured. Then, the voltage regulation response behavior of the three controllable resources, namely PV, energy storage and flexible load, is intelligently adjusted. Finally, under complex and ever-changing operating scenarios, the DC bus voltage of the system is accurately and stably controlled within the preset safe voltage level range, realizing safe, economical and efficient multi-objective collaborative operation.

[0025] Understandably, a photovoltaic-storage-DC-flexible system refers to an advanced building or regional energy system that integrates photovoltaic power generation, electrochemical energy storage, DC distribution networks, and flexible (adjustable) loads. Its core feature is the use of a DC bus, which avoids frequent DC / AC conversion losses between DC sources such as photovoltaics and energy storage and DC loads. Through the active adjustment capability of flexible loads, it enhances the system's ability to absorb renewable energy fluctuations and improves operational economy, making it a key technological path for building low-carbon buildings. A DC bus, in a DC distribution system, is the main electrical line used to collect and distribute electrical energy and provide a common voltage reference point for each connected unit. This DC bus is the physical basis for system voltage stability. Photovoltaic, energy storage, and load units are all connected to the DC bus in parallel through power electronic converters. Flexible load units refer to electrical equipment or load aggregates whose operating power or working time can be adjusted within a certain range according to system needs without affecting the user's core service experience. These include adjustable brightness lighting, air conditioners with settable temperature zones, electric vehicle charging piles with delayed start-up, and non-critical production equipment that can be paused. They are important virtual adjustment resources for the system.

[0026] Understandably, a voltage hierarchy sequence refers to an organic combination of multiple standardized DC voltage levels pre-planned based on the rated voltage, safety requirements, and transmission efficiency of different devices in the system. For example, a two-level sequence of 48V (safety extra-low voltage for lighting and sockets) and 380V (power voltage for air conditioning and charging piles) can be used. Different levels are interconnected through DC / AC converters, aiming to balance safety, efficiency, and equipment compatibility.

[0027] It should be noted that when establishing a real-time, comprehensive perception capability of the system's operational status, the DC bus voltage is a core indicator for measuring the system's power balance and stability. Furthermore, its deviation is a direct criterion for initiating control logic. However, the power supply system is not homogeneous. Different functional zones (such as critical equipment zones, general lighting zones, and electric vehicle charging zones) have varying tolerances and adjustment potentials to voltage fluctuations due to differences in power supply reliability requirements, load characteristics, and network connection methods (topology). Therefore, it is essential to simultaneously acquire the real-time operating status of each controllable unit (such as photovoltaic output, energy storage state of charge, and the adjustable potential of flexible loads) and accurately identify the network topology type of its region, serving as a foundation for subsequent accurate data.

[0028] Specifically, the voltage monitoring and triggering process requires continuous monitoring of the DC bus voltage. When the DC bus voltage deviates from the safe operating range of its voltage level sequence, a coordinated control process is automatically triggered. This control process is based on data acquisition and topology identification. During data acquisition, it is necessary to obtain the operating status data of the flexible load units in the photovoltaic unit, the energy storage unit, and the DC load unit. During topology identification, it is necessary to determine the topology type of each functional area, such as whether it is a single bus radial, a double bus parallel, a ring, or a grid.

[0029] Functional zoning refers to the sub-regions of power supply management divided according to the functional attributes, importance level, and physical location of loads within a building or area. For example, data center computer rooms (critical loads), office lighting (general loads), and underground parking garage charging areas (adjustable loads). Different zones can independently design their power supply networks (topologies). Topology type is used to describe the structure and pattern of the connection relationship between electrical components (power sources, loads, switches, lines) in the power network. In power distribution systems, common types include: single bus radial (simple and reliable, but with low redundancy), double bus / multiple bus segmented (improved power supply reliability), and ring (any line fault can be transferred, with high reliability). This topology type directly determines the system's power supply reliability, power flow distribution, and fault recovery capability.

[0030] Furthermore, in the process of configuring adaptive control parameters for matching topology, this embodiment abandons the fixed control parameter scheme and achieves the effect of adaptive allocation based on real-time operating status data and actual functional partitioning. Specifically, it is necessary to calculate and configure a set of adaptive control parameters for the three major controllable units of photovoltaic, energy storage and flexible load respectively based on the collected operating status data and the identified topology type.

[0031] Among them, the adaptive control parameters reflect the current adjustment capability of the unit (such as how much surplus power of photovoltaic can be reduced, and how much charging and discharging space energy storage has), as well as the characteristics and requirements of the network location where the unit is located (such as the higher voltage support requirements of ring network topology, and the stricter requirements for the speed of control action of key partitions).

[0032] Specifically, based on the operating status data and the topology type, adaptive control parameters that match the topology characteristics of the photovoltaic unit, the energy storage unit, and the flexible load unit with their respective partitions need to be configured, so as to achieve the effect of converting the status and topology information into specific controller settings.

[0033] Understandably, adaptive control parameters refer to the set of internal settings of the controller that can be automatically adjusted according to changes in the characteristics of the controlled object or changes in operating conditions. In this method, they are not fixed values, but are generated online based on real-time operating status data and topology type, so that the behavior of the controller always maintains optimal matching with the current system operating conditions.

[0034] It should be noted that, under a unified adaptive control parameter framework, multiple heterogeneous resources are coordinated to participate in voltage regulation. Different resources have different technical and economic characteristics (such as response speed, regulation cost, and impact on users). Specifically, based on the adaptive control parameters, the response coefficients and action priorities of various resources, and even different individuals within the same type of resource, need to be dynamically determined in this voltage regulation event. Then, based on the generated strategy, control commands can be sent to each unit to stabilize the voltage of the DC bus within the safe voltage operating range corresponding to the preset voltage level sequence, forming a complete control closed loop.

[0035] For example, flexible loads with low adjustment costs and minimal impact on users can be prioritized for fine-tuning, and energy storage or photovoltaic power can be quickly adjusted only when the voltage deviation is large, thus forming a coordinated control sequence that is both fast, effective and cost-efficient.

[0036] The safe voltage operating range refers to the upper and lower limits of voltage fluctuation allowed for a certain voltage level of the DC bus to ensure the safe and reliable operation of all connected equipment. It is usually set around the rated voltage by a percentage range (such as ±10%). Voltage exceeding this range may cause equipment damage, protection activation, or system instability.

[0037] The response coefficient refers to the proportional relationship between the change in unit output power and the deviation of bus voltage (such as the power adjustment corresponding to a unit voltage deviation), which determines the sensitivity and adjustment strength of the unit to voltage deviation. Priority refers to the order in which units are called or acted when multiple units can participate in the adjustment. It is usually set based on factors such as adjustment cost, response speed, and resource status. Dynamically adjusting the above two is essentially an optimization of the allocation strategy of limited adjustment resources under different voltage deviation scenarios, thereby improving the robustness of system regulation.

[0038] In this embodiment, after the step of stabilizing the voltage of the DC bus within the safe voltage operating range corresponding to the preset voltage level sequence, the method further includes: Collect comprehensive load forecast curves and time-of-use electricity price information for a specified future period, and aggregate the adjustable loads within the building into virtual energy storage resources with equivalent charging and discharging power and capacity; On the day-ahead planning time scale, based on the comprehensive load forecast curve and the time-of-use electricity price information, the day-ahead charging and discharging strategy of the energy storage unit and the working period plan of the transferable load are formulated. In the intraday optimization time scale, a cost model including grid power purchase cost, energy storage depreciation cost and demand response revenue is established at fixed time intervals. Within the safe voltage operating range, the optimal scheduling plan with the lowest total operating cost in the next few hours is solved, and according to the optimal scheduling plan, the virtual energy storage resources with lower adjustment costs are prioritized. In real-time control, the optimized scheduling plan is transformed into compensation instructions for real-time fine-tuning of the adaptive control parameters, and each unit is controlled according to the compensation instructions.

[0039] In this embodiment, a complete collaborative optimization scheduling framework spanning three time scales—daytime planning, intraday optimization, and real-time control—is constructed. Its core lies in leveraging virtual energy storage resources that aggregate adjustable loads within a building to address different objectives at different time scales: the daytime scale formulates economic plans based on forecasts; the intraday scale continuously optimizes and refines the plans, making precise decisions; and the real-time scale translates optimization instructions into fine-tuning of underlying adaptive control parameters. Simultaneously, through this hierarchical structure across different time spans, electricity price signals, load forecasts, operational constraints, and real-time voltage stability control are seamlessly integrated, minimizing the system's overall economic operating cost throughout the day while ensuring voltage safety.

[0040] Specifically, the above process includes resource aggregation and data preparation, day-ahead planning (macroeconomic planning), intraday optimization (rolling fine-grained decision-making), and real-time control (instruction conversion and execution).

[0041] Among them, the day-ahead planning timescale refers to the scheduling plan carried out before the operation day (usually one day in advance). The time resolution is usually 1 hour. It is mainly based on long-term forecasts such as weather forecasts and working day patterns, and focuses on interaction with the power market and time-of-use pricing of the large power grid to formulate an economic framework.

[0042] Among them, intraday optimization time scale refers to the optimization scheduling executed on a rolling basis from minute to hour on the same operating day. It has a higher time resolution (such as 15 minutes), and based on more accurate ultra-short-term forecasts, it corrects and refines the daily plan and handles real-time power imbalance and voltage problems. It is a key link connecting planning and real-time control.

[0043] Real-time control timescale refers to a level of closed-loop control of equipment with a cycle of seconds or milliseconds. It does not perform complex optimization calculations, but rather quickly executes instructions issued from the upper level or makes rapid adjustments based on local measurements (such as vertical control). The primary goal is to ensure the real-time safety and stability of the system, especially voltage stability.

[0044] It should be noted that during the resource aggregation and data preparation process, the dispersed and heterogeneous adjustable loads are equivalent to a virtual energy storage resource with charging and discharging power and capacity characteristics, based on their adjustable power range and adjustable time characteristics. This simplifies the complexity of the upper-level optimization model. At the same time, it is also necessary to obtain predictive information on future power supply and demand and price trends.

[0045] Specifically, this can be achieved by collecting comprehensive load forecast curves and time-of-use electricity price information for a specified future period, and by aggregating the adjustable loads within the building into virtual energy storage resources with equivalent charging and discharging power and capacity. The comprehensive load forecast curves reflect the building's future basic electricity demand, while the time-of-use electricity price information provides the driving force for economic optimization.

[0046] It should be noted that in the forecasting process of the day-ahead plan, before the start of the day, based on relatively accurate day-ahead forecast data, a coarse-grained scheduling plan (such as 1 hour) is formulated with economic efficiency as the primary goal. This plan mainly determines when the energy storage units charge and discharge to arbitrage, and which shiftable loads from peak electricity price periods to off-peak periods.

[0047] Specifically, on the day-ahead planning time scale, based on the comprehensive load forecast curve and the time-of-use electricity price information, the day-ahead charging and discharging strategy of the energy storage unit and the working period plan of the transferable load are formulated. With low cost as a constraint, and based on the changing pattern of the load forecast curve and the time-of-use electricity price information, the electricity cost in each time period is predicted, thereby constructing a corresponding mathematical model and solving it to obtain the corresponding day-ahead plan.

[0048] It should be noted that during intraday optimization, optimization is performed on a rolling basis at shorter time intervals (such as 15 minutes or 1 hour) within the same day. In this case, the model incorporates more accurate ultra-short-term forecast data and establishes a detailed cost model that includes grid power purchase costs, energy storage depreciation costs, and demand response benefits. The optimization objective is to find the scheduling plan with the lowest total operating cost for the next few hours, while satisfying all operational constraints (especially the safe voltage operating range). In this process, the regulation of virtual energy storage resources is typically lower in cost and more flexible than that of physical energy storage.

[0049] Specifically, it is necessary to optimize the time scale within the day, establish a cost model that includes grid power purchase cost, energy storage depreciation cost and demand response revenue at fixed time intervals, and solve the optimal scheduling plan with the lowest total operating cost in the next few hours within the safe voltage operating range. At the same time, according to the optimized scheduling plan, the virtual energy storage resources with lower adjustment costs are prioritized.

[0050] It should be noted that during real-time control, the scheduling plan output by the intraday optimization layer is the power level setpoint. The task of the real-time control layer is to convert these power commands into real-time fine-tuning of the adaptive control parameters.

[0051] For example, if the intraday plan requires a flexible load group to increase power consumption by 10kW during a certain period, the real-time control layer will generate a compensation command to slightly adjust the droop coefficient or response priority of the relevant loads, so that they can naturally and collaboratively achieve the power increase target under the drive of the local voltage control law, while ensuring voltage stability.

[0052] Specifically, it is necessary to convert the optimized scheduling plan into compensation instructions for real-time fine-tuning of the adaptive control parameters on a real-time control time scale, and control each unit according to the compensation instructions.

[0053] Virtual energy storage resources refer to virtual controllable resources formed by aggregating the flexibility of a large number of adjustable loads through information communication and control technologies. These resources have charging and discharging characteristics similar to those of electrochemical energy storage systems. The charging process corresponds to increasing load power (consuming electrical energy), while the discharging process corresponds to decreasing load power (using less electricity). They have equivalent power and capacity.

[0054] The cost model refers to a mathematical model used to quantify the total economic cost of operating a system. This model includes: the cost of purchasing electricity from the grid (related to electricity price and the amount of electricity purchased), the depreciation cost of energy storage recycling, and the revenue obtained through participation in demand response projects. Its optimization objective is to minimize this total cost.

[0055] The compensation instruction refers to a small adjustment sent by the upper-level optimization system to the lower-level local controller to correct the local controller's set parameters and guide its behavior toward the global optimal goal. It depends on the main logic architecture of the upper-level optimization and lower-level control. The compensation instruction does not directly control the device's on / off state, but rather compensates and optimizes the adaptive control parameters to align the system's behavior with the optimization goal.

[0056] In this embodiment, the step of determining the topology type of each functional partition includes: Obtain comprehensive performance evaluation data and load distribution topology data related to the power supply of each functional area within the building; Based on the comprehensive performance evaluation level data and the load distribution topology data, determine the topology type of the network structure corresponding to each functional zone.

[0057] This embodiment provides a specific method for automatically identifying the network topology type of each functional zone within a building. It avoids the traditional method of relying on manual drawings or static configuration. By comprehensively analyzing the performance evaluation level that reflects the power supply performance of the zone and the load distribution topology data that describes the physical connection, the method uses rules or algorithms to intelligently determine the network topology type (such as single bus, double bus, ring network, etc.) corresponding to each functional zone, providing accurate topology perception input for the entire adaptive control system.

[0058] It should be noted that topology identification requires information from two dimensions. The first is the performance comprehensive evaluation level data from the building design and operation and maintenance management system, which functionally defines the requirement level of power supply reliability and power quality for the partition (such as level A critical, level B important, level C general), which implies its expected network structure level. The second is the load distribution topology data from the energy management system or sensor network, which describes the actual physical connection relationship and real-time status of power sources, loads, switches, and lines within the partition, and is an objective reflection of the topology structure.

[0059] Specifically, a corresponding preset database can be used as the basic standard value for data evaluation, and by acquiring the performance and structural distribution data of the actual network structure in real time, the comprehensive performance evaluation level data and load distribution topology data of the power supply of each functional area in the building can be obtained.

[0060] Furthermore, the two types of data mentioned above are input into a preset judgment logic or model. This logic will establish a mapping relationship between performance level and topology type (e.g., Class A critical areas usually correspond to dual-power ring networks). At the same time, load distribution topology data is used for verification and specific identification (e.g., if two independent incoming busbars are detected and the bus tie switch is normally open, it is determined to be a dual-busbar segmented connection). Through mutual verification, the topology type that best matches the current actual situation is obtained.

[0061] Specifically, the topology type of the network structure corresponding to each functional partition can be determined based on the comprehensive performance evaluation level data and the load distribution topology data.

[0062] Among them, the comprehensive performance evaluation level data refers to the graded result data of the comprehensive evaluation of key performance indicators such as power supply reliability, power quality, and fault recovery time of a certain functional area in a building. For example, the power supply requirement levels corresponding to first-level load, second-level load, and third-level load according to national standards or industry specifications.

[0063] Load distribution topology data refers to a structured set of data describing the connection relationships and spatial distribution between electrical components (transformers, switchgear, busbars, feeders, load nodes) in a power distribution system. It can come from digital design drawings (such as SVG), the automatic topology identification function of intelligent power distribution systems, or be pieced together from connection status information reported by intelligent circuit breakers and sensors.

[0064] Among them, the network frame refers to the physical structure of the power network, that is, the main network structure composed of primary equipment such as lines, buses, and switches. The network frame structure is a physical entity of topology type, and identifying the topology type means identifying which standard mode the network frame structure belongs to.

[0065] In this embodiment, the preset voltage level sequence is a combination of at least two DC voltage levels selected based on the power level of the DC load in the building, the safety voltage requirements of the equipment, and the line transmission loss; wherein the lower voltage level is not lower than the safety extra-low voltage, and the higher voltage level is not higher than a predetermined value.

[0066] It should be noted that the rules for the preset voltage level sequence in the photovoltaic-storage-DC-flexible system propose a serialized design method that includes at least two DC voltage levels, based on a comprehensive consideration of multiple factors. This method takes ensuring personal and equipment safety as the bottom line (setting a lower limit of no less than the safety extra-low voltage), and takes reducing line transmission loss and improving energy efficiency as the core driving force. At the same time, it fully considers the power levels of diverse DC loads in the building and the voltage adaptation requirements of equipment, thereby selecting the optimal combination of voltage levels and building an efficient, safe, and compatible voltage framework for the entire DC power distribution system.

[0067] Understandably, the choice of voltage level must first serve the load. The power range of DC loads in buildings is very wide, from a few watts of LED lighting to tens of kilowatts of charging piles and air conditioners. Matching the appropriate voltage level to loads of different power levels can optimize converter design and improve efficiency.

[0068] For example, low-power, high-density lighting sockets use lower voltages (such as 48V) for safety; high-power power equipment uses higher voltages (such as 380V / 750V) to reduce current and save on cabling.

[0069] It should be noted that extra-low voltage must be used for electrical terminals that are accessible to personnel (such as lighting and sockets). Therefore, the lowest voltage level in the entire voltage series must not be lower than the extra-low voltage (such as 60V DC or 120V DC, depending on the standard) to eliminate the risk of electric shock at the source.

[0070] Furthermore, increasing the voltage can significantly reduce the current when transmitting the same power, thereby greatly reducing transmission losses on the line. Therefore, for trunk lines with long transmission distances or high power, using a higher voltage level is key to improving overall energy efficiency. However, higher voltage is not always better. Factors such as equipment insulation costs and the withstand voltage level of switching devices must be considered. In addition, line transmission loss calculations must be performed to determine the optimal high voltage level that meets economic requirements, and the higher voltage level should not exceed a predetermined value (such as 1500V DC, which is limited by current mainstream power electronic devices and insulation levels).

[0071] In summary, the final design output is not an isolated voltage value, but a combination sequence containing at least two DC voltage levels. This sequence should be clearly hierarchical, highly efficient in conversion, and as close as possible to international or domestic standards that are emerging, in order to facilitate equipment selection and industrial ecosystem development. By comprehensively selecting all the above factors, the final voltage level sequence scheme is formed.

[0072] In this context, the voltage hierarchy sequence refers to the organic arrangement of multiple standard DC voltage levels in a DC power distribution system, which are systematically designed and have clear transformation and coordination relationships with each other. For example, a typical building photovoltaic-storage DC-flexible system may adopt a three-level sequence of 48V (user-side safe power supply), 380V (power and energy storage bus), and ±750V (photovoltaic array and long-distance transmission).

[0073] Power rating refers to the classification based on the rated power of electrical equipment. It can usually be divided into low power (<1kW, such as electronic equipment), medium power (1kW-10kW, such as household air conditioners), and high power (>10kW, such as electric vehicle fast charging piles and central air conditioning compressors). Equipment with different power ratings has different preferences for voltage and current.

[0074] Among them, extra-low voltage refers to the voltage limit that will not cause electric shock to the human body under specified conditions. This is a legally mandated safety standard. For example, the DC safety voltage limit without ripple in a dry environment is usually 120V.

[0075] Line transmission loss refers to the energy lost during power line transmission due to conductor resistance and heating. This loss is proportional to the square of the current. For a given transmission power, increasing the voltage reduces the current, thus significantly reducing the loss on a quadratic basis.

[0076] The predetermined value refers to an upper limit set for the system's maximum DC voltage based on factors such as current technological level, safety standards, and the maturity of the equipment supply chain. This value limits technological risks and ensures the system's feasibility and economy.

[0077] This embodiment acquires the operating status data of the photovoltaic unit, the energy storage unit, and the flexible load unit among the DC load units when the DC bus voltage deviates from the safe voltage operating range of its voltage level sequence, and determines the topology type of each functional zone. Based on the operating status data and the topology type, adaptive control parameters are configured for the photovoltaic unit, the energy storage unit, and the flexible load unit to match the topology characteristics of their respective zones. Based on the adaptive control parameters, the response coefficients and priorities of each unit participating in voltage regulation are dynamically adjusted, and the DC bus voltage is stabilized within the safe voltage operating range corresponding to the preset voltage level sequence. The DC bus voltage is the core metric for measuring system power balance and stability. The deviation of the indicator is the direct criterion for initiating the control logic. Different functional zones (such as critical equipment zone, general lighting zone, and electric vehicle charging zone) have different tolerance and adjustment potential for voltage fluctuations due to their different power supply reliability requirements, load characteristics, and network connection methods (topology). Therefore, by sensing the DC bus voltage deviation, the operating status of each unit, and the network topology type in real time, adaptive control parameters that match the current system status and physical structure are dynamically configured. This allows for the intelligent adjustment of the voltage regulation response behavior of the three controllable resources: photovoltaic, energy storage, and flexible load. Ultimately, under complex and ever-changing operating scenarios, the system DC bus voltage is accurately and stably controlled within the preset safe voltage level range, achieving safe, economical, and efficient multi-objective coordinated operation.

[0078] like Figure 2 As shown, based on the first embodiment, a second embodiment of the multi-objective cooperative control method for optical storage direct-flexible systems based on topology perception is proposed in this application. In this embodiment, the method further includes: the preset inversion model includes an axial inversion model and a radial inversion model; The operating status data includes the output power data of the photovoltaic unit, the state of charge data of the energy storage unit, and the adjustable power data of the flexible load unit; S21, when configuring the adaptive control parameters of the photovoltaic unit, the instantaneous penetration rate is calculated based on the output power data and total load data, and the starting voltage threshold and power voltage droop coefficient of its voltage limiting control are determined and configured based on the instantaneous penetration rate and the topology type of the partition where the photovoltaic unit is located. The total load data is the sum of the power consumed by all DC load units on the DC bus and the power absorbed by the energy storage unit when it is in the charging state. S22, when configuring the adaptive control parameters of the energy storage unit, the state of charge range is determined according to the state of charge data, and the response coefficient of its charging and discharging power to voltage deviation is determined and configured according to the state of charge range and the reliability requirements indicated by the topology type of the partition where the energy storage unit is located. S23, when configuring the adaptive control parameters of the flexible load unit, the range of power that can be called and the calling constraints are determined according to the adjustable power data and the network redundancy and partitioning relationship defined by the topology type.

[0079] It should be noted that configuring adaptive control parameters that are closely coupled with the operating status and network topology for the three types of heterogeneous units—photovoltaics, energy storage, and flexible loads—requires in-depth analysis of the adjustable characteristics and operating constraints of each type of unit. This involves transforming macroscopic topology types and microscopic operating status data into specific, executable controller parameters, enabling dynamic optimization of photovoltaic voltage limiting control, energy storage power and voltage response, and flexible load call range, thereby supporting the refined and coordinated control of the entire system.

[0080] Understandably, during the analysis of operational status data and the calculation of key indicators, key indicators that directly guide parameter configuration are extracted from the acquired raw operational status data. Specifically, photovoltaic units typically employ voltage limiting control or droop control to suppress overvoltage. Their start-up voltage threshold and droop coefficient need to be adaptively configured. When photovoltaic penetration is high, the system is more sensitive to overvoltage, and voltage limiting should be initiated earlier (lowering the start-up threshold) and the adjustment intensity increased (increasing the droop coefficient). Furthermore, different topologies have different requirements for voltage stability. For example, ring network topologies, due to their high power supply reliability, can withstand more aggressive adjustments. Energy storage units are bidirectional and fast voltage regulation resources. The core of their parameter configuration is to protect the health of the energy storage itself (avoid overcharging and over-discharging) and meet the reliability requirements of the zone. Specifically, it is necessary to dynamically adjust its charging and discharging response coefficients according to the state of charge (state of charge data) range. When the state of charge data is high, charging is suppressed and discharging is encouraged; when the state of charge data is low, the opposite is true.

[0081] Meanwhile, for zones with critical reliability requirements (such as data centers), the regulating role of energy storage is crucial. Therefore, the adjustment range of its response coefficient should be larger to ensure stronger power support when needed. In addition, the regulation of flexible loads needs to be carried out under the premise of meeting user comfort / demand. Its parameter configuration aims to determine how much power each flexible load unit can safely and economically call at the current moment (callable power range), and what system-level safety rules (call constraints) must be followed when calling. These ranges and constraints need to be comprehensively determined by combining its own adjustable power data (such as maximum adjustable power, regulation cost) and the network redundancy and partitioning relationship defined by the system topology type. For example, it is prohibited to simultaneously disconnect all loads on two backup lines to prevent loss of redundancy.

[0082] Specifically, the operational status data includes the output power data of the photovoltaic unit, the state of charge data of the energy storage unit, and the adjustable power data of the flexible load unit. For example, the instantaneous penetration rate of the photovoltaic unit is calculated, which is defined as the ratio of the real-time output power of the photovoltaic unit to the total system load data (the sum of the power consumed by all DC load units on the DC bus and the power absorbed by the energy storage unit when it is in the charging state). This indicator reflects the relative proportion of photovoltaic power in the current system load.

[0083] Specifically, when configuring the adaptive control parameters of the photovoltaic unit, the instantaneous penetration rate is calculated based on the output power data and total load data, and the starting voltage threshold and power voltage droop coefficient of its voltage limiting control are determined and configured based on the instantaneous penetration rate and the topology type of the partition where the photovoltaic unit is located.

[0084] Specifically, when configuring the adaptive control parameters of the energy storage unit, its state of charge range is determined based on the state of charge data, and its charging and discharging power response coefficient to voltage deviation is determined and configured based on the state of charge range and the reliability requirements indicated by the topology type of the partition where the energy storage unit is located.

[0085] Furthermore, when configuring the adaptive control parameters of the flexible load unit, its callable power range and call constraints are determined based on the adjustable power data and the network redundancy and partitioning relationship defined by the topology type.

[0086] Among them, output power data refers to the actual active power value delivered by the photovoltaic array or photovoltaic inverter to the DC bus at a certain moment. It is the basic data for judging the operating status and adjustable potential of the photovoltaic unit, and is usually provided in real time by the inverter monitoring system.

[0087] Among them, the state of charge (SCC) data refers to the parameter describing the ratio of the current remaining charge of an electrochemical energy storage battery to its rated total capacity. It is usually expressed as a percentage. SCC data is the most critical state indicator of an energy storage system, which directly determines its chargeable or dischargeable capacity boundary and is a constraint that control strategies must strictly respect.

[0088] Adjustable power data refers to a set of data describing the potential value and related attributes (such as adjustment cost and response time) of the power consumption of a flexible load unit under the current operating conditions, including adjustable power (such as switching from low power mode to high power mode), adjustable power (such as switching from high power mode to low power mode or shutting down), and the cost weight of economic or comfort corresponding to each unit of power adjustment.

[0089] Instantaneous penetration rate refers to the proportion of distributed photovoltaic power generation to the total power consumed by the local load at a certain moment. A high instantaneous penetration rate means that photovoltaic power generation dominates the local load, which can easily lead to the bus voltage exceeding the limit under light load. It is a key criterion for triggering and adjusting the photovoltaic voltage limiting control strategy.

[0090] Among them, voltage limiting control refers to an operating mode of photovoltaic inverters. When the grid connection point voltage is detected to exceed a certain set threshold, the active power output is automatically reduced to help reduce the voltage.

[0091] The starting voltage threshold refers to the critical voltage value that triggers the start of voltage limiting control or other specific control functions. For photovoltaic voltage limiting control, it is usually set to a value slightly lower than the upper limit of safe voltage operation. By adaptively adjusting this threshold, the risk of overvoltage can be prevented in advance or dealt with in a delayed manner.

[0092] The power voltage droop coefficient refers to the amount of power adjustment corresponding to a unit voltage deviation in droop control. For example, a coefficient of k (kW / V) means that for every 1V increase in voltage, the power output needs to decrease by k kW. The larger the coefficient, the stronger the adjustment of the voltage deviation; the smaller the coefficient, the weaker the adjustment.

[0093] The response coefficient refers to the proportional gain between the voltage deviation signal and the power regulation command in voltage-power droop control or similar control laws. It directly determines the contribution of the unit in participating in voltage regulation. Adaptive configuration of the response coefficient can flexibly allocate its regulation responsibility according to the charge state of the energy storage unit and the importance of the network.

[0094] The callable power range refers to the upper and lower limits of the power adjustment allowed for a flexible load unit at a certain decision moment. This range is dynamic in real time and is calculated based on factors such as the current operating power of the load, the user-preset adjustment boundary (such as the minimum temperature of the air conditioner), and adjustment costs. It is the direct basis for calling up the flexible load.

[0095] Call constraints refer to the system-level security, reliability, and fairness rules that must be followed when aggregating and calling flexible loads. These typically include: call order constraints for loads of different importance levels, redundancy and backup constraints based on network topology, and call frequency and duration constraints for the same user load, in order to ensure that adjustment actions do not cause secondary problems.

[0096] In this embodiment, the step of determining and configuring the start-up voltage threshold and power voltage droop coefficient for voltage limiting control based on the instantaneous permeability and the topology type of the partition where the photovoltaic unit is located includes: Preset benchmark values ​​corresponding to different topology types, wherein the benchmark values ​​include the start-up voltage threshold and the power voltage droop coefficient, and the benchmark values ​​are preset according to the power supply-related evaluation index requirements corresponding to the topology type; When the instantaneous penetration rate is greater than the first preset threshold, the starting voltage threshold is lowered according to the benchmark value; When the instantaneous penetration rate is greater than the second preset threshold, the starting voltage threshold is simultaneously lowered and the droop coefficient is increased according to the reference value corresponding to the topology type; wherein, the second preset threshold is higher than the first preset threshold, and the reference starting voltage threshold for the ring topology or dual-ring topology partition configuration is lower than the reference value for the single bus topology or multi-bus segmented topology partition configuration.

[0097] In this embodiment, the two key parameters of the photovoltaic unit's start-up voltage threshold and power voltage droop coefficient are finely and adaptively adjusted based on instantaneous penetration rate and topology type. It is necessary to establish a two-layer parameter decision mechanism with topology type as static benchmark and instantaneous penetration rate as dynamic regulator. Specifically, by preset benchmark parameter values ​​corresponding to different topologies and designing parameter linkage adjustment rules when the penetration rate exceeds the threshold, the voltage limiting control behavior of the photovoltaic unit can reflect the inherent reliability requirements of the network structure and dynamically respond to the real-time comparison between photovoltaic output and load level, thereby achieving the best balance between suppressing overvoltage and reducing power generation loss.

[0098] It should be noted that different network topologies have different requirements for voltage control due to differences in power supply reliability and network impedance characteristics. For example, ring topologies are usually designed for high reliability applications. They have relatively low network impedance, strong voltage support capability, and can withstand more aggressive voltage limiting control (i.e., earlier start-up and stronger force) without jeopardizing power supply safety.

[0099] Specifically, reference values ​​corresponding to different topology types are preset first. These reference values ​​include the start-up voltage threshold and the power voltage droop coefficient. For example, the reference start-up voltage threshold for a ring topology is set to 98% of the safety upper limit, and the droop coefficient is 10 kW / V; while for a single-bus topology, the reference values ​​are set to 99.5% and 5 kW / V.

[0100] The benchmark value is preset according to the power supply-related evaluation index requirements corresponding to the topology type, such as power supply reliability, fault ride-through capability, and power quality level.

[0101] Furthermore, instantaneous power penetration is the most critical dynamic factor affecting system voltage stability. When the penetration is low, the risk of overvoltage caused by photovoltaics is small, and voltage limiting control can be more conservative to reduce unnecessary power generation cuts. When the penetration increases and exceeds the first preset threshold (e.g., 60%), the risk of overvoltage increases significantly. At this point, voltage limiting control should be initiated earlier, i.e., the starting voltage threshold should be lowered for preventative intervention. When the penetration further increases and exceeds a higher second preset threshold (e.g., 85%), it indicates that the system is in a vulnerable state with an extremely high photovoltaic ratio. At this point, not only should it be initiated earlier, but the regulation intensity should also be increased, i.e., the starting voltage threshold should be lowered simultaneously and the droop coefficient should be increased to ensure voltage stability through more forced power reduction.

[0102] Specifically, when the instantaneous penetration rate is greater than the first preset threshold, the start-up voltage threshold is lowered according to the benchmark value; when the instantaneous penetration rate is greater than the second preset threshold, the start-up voltage threshold is simultaneously lowered and the droop coefficient is increased according to the benchmark value corresponding to the topology type, wherein the second preset threshold is higher than the first preset threshold.

[0103] In summary, the reference start-up voltage threshold for ring topology or dual-ring topology partition configuration is lower than the reference value for single-bus topology or multi-bus segmented topology partition configuration.

[0104] The reference value refers to the initial reference or default value set for the control parameters of a specific topology under standard or typical operating conditions. It provides a reasonable starting point and adjustment benchmark for adaptive adjustment, ensuring the basic rationality of the control behavior and its matching with the topology.

[0105] The first preset threshold and the second preset threshold refer to the instantaneous penetration rate thresholds that are pre-set in order to trigger different levels of parameter adjustment strategies. This is a hierarchical response mechanism. The first threshold triggers adjustment of only the threshold, while the second threshold triggers adjustment of both the threshold and the coefficient, thus achieving a match between the control intensity and the severity of the problem.

[0106] It should be noted that power supply-related evaluation indicators can be mainly constructed based on economic, reliability, and social indicators. Economic indicators mainly consider equipment cost and operational economy; reliability indicators are formed by considering the reliability of the equipment itself and the connection relationship between equipment; social indicators include power flexibility, energy saving and emission reduction effects, and energy self-sufficiency rate.

[0107] The economic indicators are based on the installation of low-carbon photovoltaic-storage DC-flexible systems on building rooftops or facades, and the construction of distributed energy storage systems on vacant building spaces. Therefore, there are no costs associated with land acquisition or construction; only the equipment cost of photovoltaic modules and energy storage systems needs to be considered. The price of photovoltaic modules is relatively fixed, while building-integrated energy storage batteries include lithium-ion, lead-acid, and nickel-cadmium batteries, requiring flexible selection based on the intended use. Therefore, the equipment cost of a photovoltaic-storage DC-flexible system can be simplified as follows: ; In the formula: For system equipment costs, This refers to the unit price of photovoltaic modules. This refers to the unit price of energy storage batteries. For the system's distributed battery capacity, This refers to photovoltaic power generation.

[0108] In addition, the economic benefits can be considered from two parts: the electricity cost savings from photovoltaic power generation and the maintenance and replacement costs of energy storage batteries and photovoltaic modules. The calculation formula is as follows: ; In the formula: To improve the economic efficiency of photovoltaic-storage-DC-flexible systems, For grid electricity price, This represents the total duration of photovoltaic power generation. The number of years during which the system has been running. This refers to the annual operating and maintenance costs of the system.

[0109] Among them, reliability indicators such as average outage frequency, average outage duration, and average power availability are all system reliability assessment indicators, which are not applicable to the topology selection of photovoltaic-storage-DC-flexible systems. However, the power supply reliability and power consumption reliability of photovoltaic-storage-DC-flexible systems are closely related to the reliability of equipment and its series and parallel connection forms. Therefore, the system power supply and consumption reliability can be considered from the perspective of the equipment itself and the connection relationship between the equipment, thus forming the reliability indicators for the topology selection of photovoltaic-storage-DC-flexible systems.

[0110] For example, if the reliability of two devices in a photovoltaic-storage-direct-flex system are respectively , When two devices are connected in series and in parallel, their overall reliability... and As shown in the following formula: ; Therefore, the photovoltaic-storage-DC-flexible system can be simplified into series and parallel connections between devices, and the power supply reliability of the system can be further calculated.

[0111] Among them, social indicators differ from rigid loads that cannot be adjusted. The electrical equipment in a photovoltaic-storage-DC-flexible system is a flexible load that can be flexibly adjusted according to the power grid's supply and demand relationship. Based on its flexibility characteristics, it can be divided into three types: interruptible loads, relocatable loads, and proportionally adjustable loads. For a photovoltaic-storage-DC-flexible system, the system's electrical flexibility within a certain time period is determined by interruptible loads, relocatable loads, proportionally adjustable loads, and energy storage batteries, etc. The calculation process is shown in the following formula: ; In the formula: This represents the total adjustable power of the system during this time period. , and These represent the total power of all proportionally adjustable loads, interruptible loads, and migrated loads in the system, respectively. N, M, and K represent the total number of the three types of loads put into operation during this time period, respectively. It can provide power to the system's energy storage battery.

[0112] Furthermore, the system power flexibility of the photovoltaic-storage-DC-flexible system during this time period can be obtained, as shown in the following formula: ; In the formula: For system power flexibility; I represents the total rated power of all operating equipment during this time period; I represents the total number of operating loads.

[0113] In this embodiment, the step of determining and configuring the response coefficient of its charging and discharging power to voltage deviation based on the reliability requirements indicated by the state of charge range and the topology type of the partition where the energy storage unit is located includes: When the state of charge is in the first state of charge range, its charging response coefficient is increased and its discharging response coefficient is decreased. When the state of charge is in the second state of charge interval, its discharge response coefficient is increased and its charging response coefficient is decreased; wherein, the state of charge corresponding to the first state of charge interval is higher than the state of charge corresponding to the second state of charge interval, and the reliability requirement is that the change range of the response coefficient of the energy storage unit configuration in the critical level partition is greater than the change range of the configuration in the non-critical level partition.

[0114] In this embodiment, the response coefficient of the energy storage unit's charging and discharging power to the DC bus voltage deviation is dynamically adjusted according to the energy storage unit's state of charge (state of charge data) range and the reliability requirements of its zone. The core of this approach is to achieve a dynamic balance between the energy storage system's self-state protection and its system support responsibility: on the one hand, by adjusting the response coefficient, the energy storage state of charge data is guided towards the ideal range (such as 50%) to avoid overcharging and over-discharging and extend its lifespan; on the other hand, the regulation responsibility is allocated differently according to the importance of the zone—energy storage in critical zones needs to bear a greater regulation obligation, and its coefficient adjustment range is larger, to ensure that it can provide sufficient support when the system needs it.

[0115] It's important to note that the regulation capability of energy storage is limited by its state of charge (SOC) data. When the SOC data is high (the first SOC range, such as 80%–100%), the charging margin is very small, and overcharging can damage the battery. The charging response coefficient should be increased. However, increasing the charging response coefficient usually means that the energy storage will charge at a higher power under the same low voltage conditions, which is dangerous at high SOC data. Therefore, at high SOC data, the charging response coefficient should be reduced, or even set to zero, while the discharging response coefficient should be increased to encourage discharging and lower the SOC data.

[0116] Conversely, when the state of charge (SOC) data is low (second SOC range, such as 0%–20%), discharge should be suppressed and charging encouraged. That is, in the high SOC data range, the system prefers to store energy for charging to absorb excess power (suppressing excessive voltage), so its charging response coefficient is increased; at the same time, it does not want discharge to exacerbate voltage problems, so its discharging response coefficient is decreased.

[0117] Specifically, when the state of charge is in the first state of charge interval, its charging response coefficient is increased and its discharging response coefficient is decreased; when the state of charge is in the second state of charge interval, its discharging response coefficient is increased and its charging response coefficient is decreased, wherein the state of charge corresponding to the first state of charge interval is higher than the state of charge corresponding to the second state of charge interval.

[0118] Furthermore, different functional zones have different requirements for power supply reliability and voltage quality. For zones supplying critical loads (such as servers and production lines), their energy storage units are expected to act more forcefully and restore voltage to normal as quickly as possible when the system voltage is abnormal. Therefore, the adjustment range of their response coefficient (whether increasing or decreasing) should be larger than that of non-critical zones, thereby producing more significant power changes under control commands.

[0119] The reliability requirement is that the change in the response coefficient of the energy storage units in the critical zone is greater than the change in the response coefficient of the non-critical zone. For example, the energy storage charging response coefficient in the critical zone can be adjusted from 1 to 3 (change range 2), while the non-critical zone can only be adjusted from 1 to 2 (change range 1).

[0120] The first / second state of charge range refers to two ranges of state of charge data with specific control implications defined within the total battery capacity, based on battery management strategies and protection requirements. Typically, the first range is a high state of charge data range (nearly fully charged), and the second range is a low state of charge data range (nearly depleted). In these two ranges, the control strategy prioritizes protecting battery life and significantly adjusts its charging and discharging behavior.

[0121] Among them, the charging response coefficient and the discharging response coefficient refer to the proportional coefficients between the power change and the voltage deviation when the energy storage unit responds to the adjustment commands of absorbing power when the system voltage is too high and releasing power when the voltage is too low, respectively, under the specific context of this method. Special attention should be paid to the scenarios in which they are defined. Increasing the charging response coefficient means that when the voltage is too high, the energy storage unit will charge with more power to help reduce the voltage. The size of the coefficient directly determines the adjustment efficiency of the unit in the corresponding scenario.

[0122] Among them, reliability requirements (critical / non-critical) refer to the graded requirements for power quality indicators such as power supply continuity and voltage stability of a certain functional area. Critical-level areas usually accommodate loads that would cause significant economic losses or safety risks if interrupted. Their power supply network (topology) and control system must be designed according to the highest standards, and the corresponding energy storage units are also given a more important supporting mission.

[0123] In this embodiment, the step of determining the callable power range and call constraints based on the adjustable power data and the network redundancy and partitioning relationship defined by the topology type includes: The adjustable power range is determined based on the adjustment cost weight and adjustable power value in the adjustable power data. For a flexible load unit group located in a network redundancy relationship and serving as a backup power supply path for each other, a calling constraint is configured, wherein the calling constraint prohibits the synchronous calling of the rated adjustable power of all flexible load units in the group, and the sum of the callable power ranges allocated to each flexible load unit therein is not greater than the redundancy capacity of the path.

[0124] In this embodiment, it is necessary to determine the callable power range of each flexible load unit and impose system-level call constraints based on the redundancy relationship of the power grid topology. This achieves unified management of the individual adjustable potential of flexible load resources and the network security of the system: First, the basic callable range is determined based on the adjustment cost and power capacity of the load itself; then, going beyond the perspective of a single load, the system network topology identifies those power supply path groups that are set up to ensure power supply reliability and serve as backups for each other. Cooperative call constraints are then imposed on the load units within the groups to prevent the network's redundancy design from being accidentally damaged due to improper load adjustment behavior. This ensures the inherent security of the distribution network while utilizing flexible resources.

[0125] It should be noted that the adjustable power data for each flexible load unit includes its current adjustable power value and the corresponding adjustment cost weight (economic or comfort cost). The range of adjustable power needs to take both factors into account: within the allowable adjustable power limit, priority should be given to allocating the potential with lower adjustment costs.

[0126] Specifically, the adjustable power range can be determined based on the adjustment cost weight and the adjustable power value in the adjustable power data. For example, if an air conditioner can currently reduce its power by 2kW, but its adjustment cost weight is high (causing discomfort to the user), the system may only include 1kW of it in the current safe and economical adjustable range.

[0127] In network topologies with high reliability requirements (such as dual-power ring networks), there are often multiple backup power supply paths. The loads on these paths form a special set. If, in order to regulate voltage, the power of all flexible loads on this backup path is reduced to zero (i.e., their rated adjustable power is used), then if the main power supply path fails, the system will lose this valuable backup path, and the reliability design will be compromised. Therefore, constraints must be imposed at the system level.

[0128] Specifically, for flexible load unit groups located in network redundancy relationships and serving as backup power supply paths for each other, a call constraint is configured. This constraint prohibits the simultaneous use of the rated adjustable power of all flexible load units in the group, and the sum of the callable power ranges allocated to each flexible load unit does not exceed the redundancy capacity of the path. Redundancy capacity refers to the additional power that the backup path can carry under normal conditions. This constraint ensures that the backup path always maintains usable transmission capacity regardless of how it is used.

[0129] Among them, the adjustment cost weight refers to a dimensionless or multi-dimensional quantitative indicator used to characterize the cost of calling a unit of power of a flexible load unit. This cost can be economic cost (such as compensation fee), comfort cost (such as temperature deviation from the set value), or priority weight. The lower the weight, the cheaper or more suitable the load is to be called first.

[0130] Network redundancy refers to the ability of a power distribution network to maintain power supply through alternative paths even when some components fail, by designing additional equipment, lines, or connections. It is a key means of improving power supply reliability. Common forms of redundancy include dual-circuit power supply, ring network connections, and parallel operation.

[0131] Among them, mutual backup power supply paths refer to two or more electrical paths in the network that can provide power supply services to the same group of loads. They can operate in parallel or separately during normal operation. When one path fails, the other can take on all or the main power supply tasks. Identifying these paths is a prerequisite for configuring safety constraints, and is usually based on the analysis of the topology and switching status of the power grid.

[0132] Redundancy capacity refers to the additional active power capacity that the backup path can safely carry under the current operating state in a redundant power supply path design. This is a dynamic value that depends on the current carrying capacity of the backup path, the current power flowing through it, and the load rate of the main power supply path.

[0133] In this embodiment, the step of determining the callable power range based on the adjustment cost weight and the adjustable power value in the adjustable power data includes: When power reduction is required, the power reduction call sequence is generated by sorting the adjustable power values ​​in ascending order according to the adjustment cost weight or the adjustable power values. When power needs to be increased, the adjustable power values ​​are sorted from smallest to largest according to the adjustment cost weight or the adjustable power value, and units with interruptible or migrated load types are selected first to generate a power increase call sequence. Based on the power reduction call sequence and the power increase call sequence, the real-time callable power range of each flexible load unit is determined.

[0134] In this embodiment, a decision algorithm is provided for the specific calling order of flexible load units and the real-time adjustable power range. When the system needs to adjust the power to stabilize the voltage, two priority calling sequences are generated based on the two dimensions of the economy (adjustment cost weight) and adjustability (power potential) of each flexible load unit, namely, power reduction and power increase. Based on this sequence, the real-time callable power range of each unit is dynamically defined. This ensures that, under the premise of meeting the system power adjustment requirements, the flexible load resources with the least impact on users and the lowest economic cost are always called first, thereby maximizing the socio-economic benefits of the adjustment process.

[0135] It should be noted that when the DC bus voltage is too high and the system needs to reduce total power, calling upon flexible loads to reduce their power consumption is an effective means. In this case, the decision-making objective is to minimize the overall adjustment cost. Therefore, the system will iterate through all flexible load units with adjustable power, sorting them from low to high according to their adjustment cost weight (reflecting economic or comfort costs). If the adjustment cost weights of some loads are difficult to quantify or are similar, they will be sorted from smallest to largest according to their current adjustable power value, prioritizing loads with low cost and high power contribution changes, thus achieving fine-tuning priority. This ensures that each power reduction command is sent to the load with the highest current cost-effectiveness.

[0136] Specifically, when power reduction is required, a power reduction call sequence is generated by sorting the adjustable power values ​​in ascending order according to the adjustment cost weight or the adjustable power values.

[0137] Furthermore, when the DC bus voltage is too low and the system needs to increase total power consumption, flexible loads can be called upon to increase their power (such as starting delayed loads in advance). In this case, in addition to considering adjustment cost weights, the decision-making process should also focus on the interruptibility or relocation attributes of the loads. Loads that can be turned on, off, or have their operating hours relocated at any time (such as electric vehicle charging stations and water heaters) should be prioritized, as they have the least impact on actual user service and offer the highest flexibility. Therefore, based on this, they should also be ranked according to cost or adjustable power values.

[0138] That is, when power needs to be increased, the adjustable power values ​​are sorted from smallest to largest according to the adjustment cost weight or the adjustable power value, and units with interruptible or migrated load types are selected first to generate a power increase call sequence.

[0139] In summary, the generated call sequence represents a theoretical priority order. In actual control, the system may only need to adjust a certain amount of power. Therefore, it is necessary to accumulate the adjustable power of each unit in the call sequence from beginning to end, based on the total amount of adjustment required at the moment, thereby dynamically defining a power range that may be called for each unit in the sequence at the current time.

[0140] For example, if a 10kW power reduction is required, and the potential of the first three units in the power reduction call sequence is 3kW, 4kW, and 5kW respectively, then the callable range of the first two units is their full potential (3kW and 4kW), while the third unit may only need to call 3kW, and its callable range is temporarily limited to 0-3kW.

[0141] Specifically, the real-time callable power range for each flexible load unit can be determined based on the power reduction call sequence and the power increase call sequence. This range is a key linkage information connecting the optimization sequence and the actual control commands.

[0142] Among them, the adjustment cost weight refers to a quantitative numerical indicator used to measure the comprehensive cost caused by calling a unit of power of a flexible load unit. This cost is a multi-objective comprehensive value, which may include: direct economic compensation costs, loss of user comfort (such as temperature changes), equipment lifespan reduction, or priority according to contractual agreements. The lower the weight, the more economical and suitable the load is, and the more it should be called first.

[0143] Among them, adjustable power refers to the maximum power consumption that a flexible load unit can immediately reduce at the current operating point, while adjustable power refers to the maximum power consumption that a flexible load unit can immediately increase at the current operating point (usually constrained by its rated power limit). These two values ​​are instantaneous snapshots of the load's current adjustable potential and are direct physical constraints that determine whether it can respond and the magnitude of its response capability.

[0144] Among them, the power reduction call sequence and the power increase call sequence refer to the priority call order list formed after sorting all adjustable flexible load units according to specific rules (such as lowest cost and least impact). The power reduction sequence is used for overvoltage scenarios, and the power increase sequence is used for undervoltage scenarios.

[0145] Interruptible loads refer to loads that allow the power supplier to temporarily interrupt their power supply under specific conditions (such as system emergencies or peak electricity prices) without causing significant losses or complaints. Examples include ventilation equipment in some buildings, landscape lighting, and certain charging piles. These are the highest quality resources in demand response, with low adjustment costs and fast response speeds.

[0146] Among them, portable loads refer to loads whose working time or power curve can be flexibly shifted within a certain time range (such as several hours) without affecting their ability to complete the final task or service. Examples include washing machines, dishwashers, and electric vehicle slow charging stations (which can complete charging at any time within 6 hours at night). They participate in regulation through time shifting, without reducing the total power consumption, but changing the power consumption sequence.

[0147] This embodiment uses the operating status data, including the output power data of the photovoltaic unit, the state of charge data of the energy storage unit, and the adjustable power data of the flexible load unit. When configuring the adaptive control parameters of the photovoltaic unit, the instantaneous penetration rate is calculated based on the output power data and the total load data. Based on the instantaneous penetration rate and the topology of the partition where the photovoltaic unit is located, the starting voltage threshold and power voltage droop coefficient for its voltage limiting control are determined and configured. The total load data is the sum of the power consumed by all DC load units on the DC bus and the power absorbed by the energy storage unit when it is in a charging state. When configuring the adaptive control parameters of the energy storage unit, its state of charge range is determined based on the state of charge data, and the adjustable power data of the flexible load unit is determined based on the state of charge range and the... The reliability requirements indicated by the topology type of the partition where the energy storage unit is located are used to determine and configure the response coefficient of its charging and discharging power to voltage deviation. When configuring the adaptive control parameters of the flexible load unit, the adjustable power data and the network redundancy and partitioning relationship defined by the topology type are used to determine its callable power range and call constraints. That is, adaptive control parameters that are closely coupled with its operating status and network topology are configured for the three types of heterogeneous units: photovoltaic, energy storage, and flexible load. The adjustable characteristics and operating constraints of each type of unit are analyzed in depth, and the macroscopic topology type and microscopic operating status data are transformed into specific and executable controller parameters. This enables the voltage limiting control of photovoltaic, the power and voltage response of energy storage, and the call range of flexible load to be dynamically optimized, thereby supporting the fine-grained and coordinated control of the entire system.

[0148] Furthermore, to achieve the above objectives, this embodiment also proposes a multi-objective cooperative control system, the system comprising: The acquisition module is used to acquire the operating status data of the photovoltaic unit, the energy storage unit and the flexible load unit in the DC load unit when the bus voltage of the DC bus deviates from the safe voltage operating range of its voltage level sequence, and to determine the topology type of each functional partition. The configuration module is used to configure adaptive control parameters for the photovoltaic unit, the energy storage unit, and the flexible load unit to match the topology characteristics of their respective partitions, based on the operating status data and the topology type. The adjustment module is used to dynamically adjust the response coefficient and priority of each unit participating in voltage regulation according to the adaptive control parameters, and stabilize the voltage of the DC bus within the safe voltage operating range corresponding to the preset voltage level sequence.

[0149] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or system that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or system. Unless otherwise specified, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or system that includes that element.

[0150] The sequence numbers of the embodiments in this application are for descriptive purposes only and do not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments.

[0151] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms. Of course, they can also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases the former is a better implementation method. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk) as described above, and includes several instructions to cause a terminal device (which may be a mobile phone, computer, server, air conditioner, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments of this application.

[0152] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and do not limit the patent scope of this application. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made using the content of this application's specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A multi-objective cooperative control method for a topology-aware optical-storage-direct-flexible system, characterized in that, The photovoltaic-storage-DC-flexible system includes photovoltaic units, energy storage units, and DC load units connected by a DC bus with a preset voltage hierarchy sequence. The method includes the following steps: When the bus voltage of the DC bus deviates from the safe voltage operating range of its voltage level sequence, the operating status data of the photovoltaic unit, the energy storage unit, and the flexible load unit in the DC load unit are obtained, and the topology type of each functional zone is determined. Based on the operating status data and the topology type, configure adaptive control parameters for the photovoltaic unit, the energy storage unit, and the flexible load unit to match the topology characteristics of their respective zones; Based on the adaptive control parameters, the response coefficients and priorities of each unit participating in voltage regulation are dynamically adjusted, and the voltage of the DC bus is stabilized within the safe voltage operating range corresponding to the preset voltage level sequence.

2. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The step of configuring adaptive control parameters for the photovoltaic unit, the energy storage unit, and the flexible load unit to match the topology characteristics of their respective zones based on the operating status data and the topology type includes: The operating status data includes the output power data of the photovoltaic unit, the state of charge data of the energy storage unit, and the adjustable power data of the flexible load unit; When configuring the adaptive control parameters of the photovoltaic unit, the instantaneous penetration rate is calculated based on the output power data and total load data. Based on the instantaneous penetration rate and the topology of the partition where the photovoltaic unit is located, the starting voltage threshold and power voltage droop coefficient of its voltage limiting control are determined and configured. The total load data is the sum of the power consumed by all DC load units on the DC bus and the power absorbed by the energy storage unit when it is in the charging state. When configuring the adaptive control parameters of the energy storage unit, its state of charge range is determined based on the state of charge data, and its charging and discharging power response coefficient to voltage deviation is determined and configured based on the state of charge range and the reliability requirements indicated by the topology type of the partition where the energy storage unit is located. When configuring the adaptive control parameters of the flexible load unit, the range of power that can be called and the calling constraints are determined based on the adjustable power data and the network redundancy and partitioning relationship defined by the topology type.

3. The method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The step of determining and configuring the start-up voltage threshold and power voltage droop coefficient for voltage limiting control based on the instantaneous permeability and the topology type of the partition where the photovoltaic unit is located includes: Preset benchmark values ​​corresponding to different topology types, wherein the benchmark values ​​include the start-up voltage threshold and the power voltage droop coefficient, and the benchmark values ​​are preset according to the power supply-related evaluation index requirements corresponding to the topology type; When the instantaneous penetration rate is greater than the first preset threshold, the starting voltage threshold is lowered according to the benchmark value; When the instantaneous penetration rate is greater than the second preset threshold, the starting voltage threshold is simultaneously lowered and the droop coefficient is increased according to the reference value corresponding to the topology type; wherein, the second preset threshold is higher than the first preset threshold, and the reference starting voltage threshold for the ring topology or dual-ring topology partition configuration is lower than the reference value for the single bus topology or multi-bus segmented topology partition configuration.

4. The method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The step of determining and configuring the response coefficient of its charging and discharging power to voltage deviation based on the reliability requirements indicated by the state of charge range and the topology type of the partition where the energy storage unit is located includes: When the state of charge is in the first state of charge range, its charging response coefficient is increased and its discharging response coefficient is decreased. When the state of charge is in the second state of charge interval, its discharge response coefficient is increased and its charging response coefficient is decreased; wherein, the state of charge corresponding to the first state of charge interval is higher than the state of charge corresponding to the second state of charge interval, and the reliability requirement is that the change range of the response coefficient of the energy storage unit configuration in the critical level partition is greater than the change range of the configuration in the non-critical level partition.

5. The method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The step of determining the callable power range and call constraints based on the adjustable power data and the network redundancy and partitioning relationship defined by the topology type includes: The adjustable power range is determined based on the adjustment cost weight and adjustable power value in the adjustable power data. For a flexible load unit group located in a network redundancy relationship and serving as a backup power supply path for each other, a calling constraint is configured, wherein the calling constraint prohibits the synchronous calling of the rated adjustable power of all flexible load units in the group, and the sum of the callable power ranges allocated to each flexible load unit therein is not greater than the redundancy capacity of the path.

6. The method as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The step of determining the callable power range based on the adjustment cost weight and the adjustable power value in the adjustable power data includes: When power reduction is required, the power reduction call sequence is generated by sorting the adjustable power values ​​in ascending order according to the adjustment cost weight or the adjustable power values. When power needs to be increased, the adjustable power values ​​are sorted from smallest to largest according to the adjustment cost weight or the adjustable power value, and units with interruptible or migrated load types are selected first to generate a power increase call sequence. Based on the power reduction call sequence and the power increase call sequence, the real-time callable power range of each flexible load unit is determined.

7. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, After the step of stabilizing the voltage of the DC bus within the safe voltage operating range corresponding to the preset voltage level sequence, the method further includes: Collect comprehensive load forecast curves and time-of-use electricity price information for a specified future period, and aggregate the adjustable loads within the building into virtual energy storage resources with equivalent charging and discharging power and capacity; On the day-ahead planning time scale, based on the comprehensive load forecast curve and the time-of-use electricity price information, the day-ahead charging and discharging strategy of the energy storage unit and the working period plan of the transferable load are formulated. In the intraday optimization time scale, a cost model including grid power purchase cost, energy storage depreciation cost and demand response revenue is established at fixed time intervals. Within the safe voltage operating range, the optimal scheduling plan with the lowest total operating cost in the next few hours is solved, and according to the optimal scheduling plan, the virtual energy storage resources with lower adjustment costs are prioritized. In real-time control, the optimized scheduling plan is transformed into compensation instructions for real-time fine-tuning of the adaptive control parameters, and each unit is controlled according to the compensation instructions.

8. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining the topology type of each functional partition includes: Obtain comprehensive performance evaluation data and load distribution topology data related to the power supply of each functional area within the building; Based on the comprehensive performance evaluation level data and the load distribution topology data, determine the topology type of the network structure corresponding to each functional zone.

9. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The preset voltage level sequence is a combination of at least two DC voltage levels selected based on the power level of the DC load in the building, the safety voltage requirements of the equipment, and the line transmission loss; wherein the lower voltage level is not lower than the safety extra-low voltage, and the higher voltage level is not higher than a predetermined value.

10. A multi-objective cooperative control system based on the method of any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The system includes: The acquisition module is used to acquire the operating status data of the photovoltaic unit, the energy storage unit and the flexible load unit in the DC load unit when the bus voltage of the DC bus deviates from the safe voltage operating range of its voltage level sequence, and to determine the topology type of each functional partition. The configuration module is used to configure adaptive control parameters for the photovoltaic unit, the energy storage unit, and the flexible load unit to match the topology characteristics of their respective partitions, based on the operating status data and the topology type. The adjustment module is used to dynamically adjust the response coefficient and priority of each unit participating in voltage regulation according to the adaptive control parameters, and stabilize the voltage of the DC bus within the safe voltage operating range corresponding to the preset voltage level sequence.

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