Outdoor demonstration method for photovoltaic module

Abstract

The invention discloses a photovoltaic module outdoor demonstration method, and belongs to the technical field of renewable energy, and the method comprises the steps: determining an overall demonstration scheme based on demonstration demands, preparing a photovoltaic module test sample according to the overall demonstration scheme, and building an initial data file of the photovoltaic module test sample; according to the overall empirical scheme, installing a photovoltaic module test sample outdoors and building an empirical test system; in the demonstration period, performing periodic sampling test on the photovoltaic module test sample to obtain spot test performance data, performing comparative analysis on the spot test performance data and the initial data file to obtain a performance attenuation analysis result, and performing real-time monitoring on the photovoltaic module test sample through the demonstration test system to obtain monitoring data; and on the basis of the performance degradation analysis result and the monitoring data analysis result of the whole cycle, generating an empirical conclusion of the performance of the photovoltaic module test sample, and proposing an optimization suggestion for the technology of the photovoltaic module according to the empirical conclusion. According to the invention, accurate evaluation of the performance of the photovoltaic module is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of renewable energy technology, and specifically relates to an outdoor empirical method for photovoltaic modules. Background Technology

[0002] As the global energy structure shifts towards clean and low-carbon energy, the photovoltaic industry, as a core force in the renewable energy sector, has experienced rapid development. As the core component of a photovoltaic power generation system, the long-term performance of photovoltaic modules directly determines the power generation efficiency, return on investment, and lifespan of the entire photovoltaic system.

[0003] However, current outdoor testing methods have the following problems: 1. Lack of systematic approach: The testing process is fragmented and often only focuses on power generation monitoring, lacking a closed-loop management of the entire process from component design and initial state confirmation to periodic degradation analysis.

[0004] 2. Unscientific scheme design: The design of empirical schemes (such as capacity, tilt angle, and data collection items) is arbitrary and not closely related to the empirical objectives, resulting in reduced data comparability and reference value.

[0005] 3. Broken data chain: The initial performance data, installation information, operation data and periodic sampling data of the components are not effectively linked to form a complete data archive, which is not conducive to accurately analyzing the root cause of performance degradation.

[0006] 4. Emphasis on monitoring over analysis: Often only data is collected, but there is a lack of in-depth data comparison and analysis and a technical optimization feedback mechanism based on empirical results, thus failing to give full play to the guiding role of empirical evidence in product improvement.

[0007] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a systematic, standardized, and traceable method for outdoor verification of photovoltaic modules to enable long-term and accurate monitoring and evaluation of the outdoor operating performance of photovoltaic modules. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To address the aforementioned issues, this application provides a method, system, equipment, storage medium, and program product for outdoor verification of photovoltaic modules, enabling accurate evaluation of photovoltaic module performance.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide an outdoor demonstration method for photovoltaic modules, the method comprising: Based on empirical requirements, an overall empirical scheme is determined, photovoltaic module test samples are prepared according to the overall empirical scheme, and an initial data archive for the photovoltaic module test samples is established. According to the overall empirical scheme, the photovoltaic module test samples were installed outdoors and an empirical testing system was built. During the empirical period, the photovoltaic module test samples are periodically sampled and tested to obtain sampled performance data. The sampled performance data is compared and analyzed with the initial data archive to obtain performance degradation analysis results. The photovoltaic module test samples are monitored in real time through the empirical testing system to obtain monitoring data. Based on the full-cycle performance degradation analysis results and monitoring data analysis results, empirical conclusions on the performance of photovoltaic module test samples are generated, and technical optimization suggestions are proposed for the photovoltaic module test samples based on the empirical conclusions.

[0010] Furthermore, the determination of the overall empirical scheme based on empirical needs includes: The empirical requirements are determined based on the application scenarios, climate environment, and technology verification needs of photovoltaic modules. These empirical requirements include empirical objectives, empirical period, and performance evaluation indicators for photovoltaic module test samples. Among them, the performance evaluation indicators include power attenuation rate, power generation efficiency, and failure rate. Based on the aforementioned empirical requirements, an overall empirical scheme for photovoltaic module test samples is planned. The overall empirical scheme includes an installation scheme and a data acquisition scheme. The installation scheme includes the installation capacity, installation tilt angle, installation method, and fixing method of the photovoltaic module test samples.

[0011] Furthermore, the data acquisition scheme includes core data indicators, data acquisition frequency, and data storage format. The core data indicators include the operating parameters and meteorological environmental parameters of the photovoltaic module test sample. The operating parameters include power generation, active power, branch current, branch voltage, module open-circuit voltage, and short-circuit current. The meteorological environmental parameters include irradiance, ambient temperature, humidity, wind speed, and weather.

[0012] Furthermore, the installation scheme for the planned photovoltaic module test samples includes: Design the installation capacity, installation tilt angle, installation method, and fixing method of photovoltaic module test samples; in, The design of the installation capacity includes: determining the total capacity of the photovoltaic module test samples and the specifications of a single photovoltaic module test sample based on the empirical site conditions, the load capacity of the monitoring equipment, and the evaluation accuracy requirements. The design of the installation tilt angle includes: determining the optimal installation tilt angle of the photovoltaic module test sample based on the latitude and solar resource distribution characteristics of the empirical site; The design of the installation method includes: selecting the specific installation method for photovoltaic module test samples according to the differences in application scenarios, and specifying the installation spacing and arrangement; wherein, the specific installation methods include ground bracket installation, rooftop flat installation and tracking installation; The design of the fixing method includes: determining the specific fixing method for photovoltaic module test samples based on meteorological conditions.

[0013] Furthermore, the step of preparing photovoltaic module test samples according to the overall empirical scheme and establishing an initial data archive for the photovoltaic module test samples includes: Based on the empirical requirements and the overall empirical scheme, the structural design, material selection and sample preparation of the photovoltaic module test sample are carried out to obtain the photovoltaic module test sample; Under standard test conditions, the photovoltaic module test sample was subjected to initial electrical performance testing, and the electrical performance parameters of the photovoltaic module test sample were recorded to obtain initial performance data. The photovoltaic module test samples are subjected to quality inspection to obtain quality inspection results, and unqualified photovoltaic module test samples are removed. Based on initial performance data and quality inspection results, an independent initial data file is established for each qualified photovoltaic module test sample.

[0014] Furthermore, according to the overall empirical scheme, installing the photovoltaic module test samples outdoors and building the empirical testing system includes: Based on the installation capacity, installation tilt angle, installation method, and fixing method of the photovoltaic module test samples in the overall empirical scheme, the photovoltaic module test samples were installed at the outdoor empirical site. An empirical testing system was built and debugged, and then started to enter the running state to monitor the photovoltaic module test samples in real time.

[0015] Furthermore, the empirical testing system includes a photovoltaic inverter, a data acquisition module, a data transmission module, and a storage device; the data acquisition module includes a current sensor, a voltage sensor, an irradiation sensor, and an environmental sensor.

[0016] Furthermore, during the empirical period, periodic sampling tests are conducted on the photovoltaic module test samples to obtain sampled performance data. The sampled performance data is then compared and analyzed with the initial data archive to obtain performance degradation analysis results. Additionally, the photovoltaic module test samples are monitored in real-time using the empirical testing system to obtain monitoring data, including: At each preset interval, a preset proportion of photovoltaic module test samples are randomly selected for electrical performance retesting under standard test conditions to obtain performance sampling data and calculate the performance degradation rate of the photovoltaic module test samples. The performance sampling data is compared with the initial performance data in the initial data archive to analyze the performance degradation law and electrical performance parameter change trend of the photovoltaic module test sample. A module performance degradation model is established in combination with meteorological environmental parameters to determine the degree of influence of different environmental conditions on the performance of the photovoltaic module test sample. During the empirical period, the operating parameters and meteorological environmental parameters of the photovoltaic module test samples are monitored and collected in real time through the empirical testing system to obtain monitoring data; When a photovoltaic module test sample with performance failure or abnormality is found during the sampling test, the sampling scope is expanded to conduct full sample testing on all photovoltaic module test samples in the same batch.

[0017] Compared with existing technologies, this application has the following advantages: First, by constructing a complete closed-loop process from empirical requirement proposal, scheme design, sample preparation, initial testing, system operation, periodic monitoring to result feedback, it achieves the systematization and standardization of outdoor empirical studies, effectively solving the problems of fragmented processes and broken data chains in existing technologies. Second, by establishing precise initial data archives and combining periodic standard condition sampling and real-time environmental data collection, it achieves accurate quantification and full traceability of component performance degradation, clearly revealing the degradation law and its correlation with environmental factors, providing a scientific basis for performance evaluation. Finally, by outputting comprehensive results including empirical conclusions and technical optimization suggestions, it directly transforms empirical data into guiding opinions for product improvement, providing empirical support for the structural design, material selection, and process optimization of photovoltaic modules, thereby significantly improving module reliability, extending service life, and promoting technological progress in the industry.

[0018] Other features and advantages of this application will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the application. The objectives and other advantages of this application may be realized and obtained by means of the structures pointed out in the description, claims and drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 A flowchart of an outdoor demonstration method for photovoltaic modules according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0022] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention discloses an outdoor demonstration method for photovoltaic modules, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the method includes: Step S1: Determine the overall empirical scheme based on the empirical requirements, prepare photovoltaic module test samples according to the overall empirical scheme, and establish the initial data archive of the photovoltaic module test samples; Step S2: According to the overall empirical scheme, install the photovoltaic module test samples outdoors and build an empirical test system; Step S3: During the empirical period, periodic sampling tests are conducted on the photovoltaic module test samples to obtain sampling performance data. The sampling performance data is compared and analyzed with the initial data archive to obtain performance degradation analysis results. The photovoltaic module test samples are monitored in real time through the empirical testing system to obtain monitoring data. Step S4: Based on the full-cycle performance degradation analysis results and monitoring data analysis results, generate empirical conclusions on the performance of photovoltaic module test samples, and propose technical optimization suggestions for photovoltaic module test samples based on the empirical conclusions.

[0023] In some specific embodiments, step S1: Determine the overall empirical scheme based on empirical requirements, prepare photovoltaic module test samples according to the overall empirical scheme, and establish an initial data archive for the photovoltaic module test samples, including the following: Step S11: Determine the overall empirical scheme based on empirical needs, including: The empirical requirements are determined based on the application scenarios, climate environment, and technology verification needs of photovoltaic modules. These empirical requirements include empirical objectives, empirical period, and performance evaluation indicators of photovoltaic module test samples.

[0024] The empirical objectives include: evaluating the long-term reliability of photovoltaic modules (e.g., focusing on evaluating the UV resistance of the backsheet and the cell's resistance to degradation) and actual power generation gain; the empirical period is, for example, 3 years; and the performance evaluation indicators include: power degradation rate (e.g., first-year degradation rate and average annual degradation rate), power generation efficiency, and failure rate.

[0025] Based on the aforementioned empirical requirements (empirical objectives, empirical period, and performance evaluation indicators), a comprehensive empirical scheme for photovoltaic module test samples is planned, which includes an installation scheme and a data acquisition scheme.

[0026] The installation scheme includes the installation capacity, tilt angle, installation method, and fixing method of the photovoltaic module test samples. The data acquisition scheme includes core data indicators, data acquisition frequency, and data storage format. The core data indicators include the operating electrical parameters and meteorological environmental parameters of the photovoltaic module test samples. The operating parameters include power generation, active power, branch current, branch voltage, module open-circuit voltage, and short-circuit current. The meteorological environmental parameters include irradiance, ambient temperature, humidity, wind speed, and weather conditions.

[0027] Therefore, the specific process for planning the overall empirical scheme for photovoltaic module test samples is as follows: 1. Design an installation scheme for photovoltaic module test samples: (1) Design the installation capacity, including: determining the total capacity of photovoltaic module test samples and the specifications of a single photovoltaic module test sample based on the empirical site conditions, the load capacity of the monitoring equipment and the evaluation accuracy requirements.

[0028] For example, the area of ​​the empirical site is 1000 square meters; to ensure the statistical significance of the data, the total capacity of the photovoltaic module test samples is determined to be 50kW, and 100 photovoltaic module test samples with a power of 500W are selected.

[0029] (2) Design the installation tilt angle, including: based on the latitude and light resource distribution characteristics of the empirical site, determine the optimal installation tilt angle of the photovoltaic module test sample through photovoltaic system design software simulation calculation to ensure that the photovoltaic module test sample obtains sufficient light resources.

[0030] For example, using PVsyst software simulation, combined with local latitude (approximately 36°N) and light resources, the optimal installation tilt angle was determined to be 35°.

[0031] (3) Design the installation method, including: select the specific installation method of photovoltaic module test samples according to the differences in application scenarios, and clarify the installation spacing and arrangement to avoid the shading effect between photovoltaic module test samples; wherein, the specific installation method includes ground bracket installation, roof flat installation and tracking installation.

[0032] For example, the photovoltaic module is installed using a ground-fixed bracket, with the lowest point of the bracket 1.5 meters above the ground to facilitate backlighting; the array of photovoltaic module test samples is arranged in 2 rows × 50 columns, and the row spacing is calculated to ensure no shading from 9:00 to 15:00 true solar time on the winter solstice.

[0033] (4) Design the fixing method, including: determining the specific fixing method of the photovoltaic module test sample according to the meteorological conditions, and selecting high-strength and corrosion-resistant fasteners to ensure the stability and reliability of the photovoltaic module test sample during long-term test operation.

[0034] For example, a high-strength hot-dip galvanized steel bracket is used, which is bolted and designed to withstand winds of up to 40 m / s, ensuring stability in harsh outdoor weather conditions.

[0035] 2. Design a data acquisition scheme for photovoltaic module test samples: (1) Core data indicators collected: The operating electrical parameters of the photovoltaic module test samples include: the maximum output power, open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, and operating temperature of each photovoltaic module test sample (collected by a temperature sensor attached to the back of the module).

[0036] The meteorological environmental parameters of the photovoltaic module test samples include: irradiance, ambient temperature, humidity, wind speed, and weather. Irradiance includes total horizontal irradiance, sloping irradiance of the photovoltaic module test sample (used for front power generation calculation), and ground reflected irradiance (used for back power generation analysis).

[0037] (2) Determine the data acquisition frequency, which includes real-time acquisition, minute-level acquisition, and hour-level acquisition.

[0038] For example, the operating parameters and meteorological environmental parameters (i.e. core data indicators) of the photovoltaic module test samples are collected once per minute and a set of average values ​​is stored every 10 minutes.

[0039] (3) Determine the data storage format.

[0040] For example, core data metrics are stored in CSV format and synchronized to the cloud server, with each data point having a timestamp and a corresponding component number.

[0041] Step S12: Based on the empirical requirements and the overall empirical plan, perform structural design, material selection, and sample preparation of the photovoltaic module test samples to obtain photovoltaic module test samples; the specific process is as follows: (1) Structural design of photovoltaic module test samples, including: based on the overall empirical scheme of the planned photovoltaic module test samples, obtaining the installation method and outdoor environment characteristics of the photovoltaic module test samples (determined by empirical site conditions), optimizing the frame structure and encapsulation structure of the modules, and improving the impact resistance, waterproofness and heat dissipation performance of the modules.

[0042] For example, in response to the high wind pressure at high altitudes, the thickness and structural strength of the component frame are optimized; to improve the double-sidedness, a frameless or narrow frame design is adopted.

[0043] (2) Material selection for photovoltaic module test samples, including: selecting photovoltaic cells, encapsulation films, backsheets, glass and frame materials that are suitable for outdoor environment characteristics, and ensuring that the aging resistance, weather resistance and electrical insulation performance of the materials meet the long-term empirical requirements.

[0044] For example, the battery is an N-type bifacial battery; the encapsulation film is a high-transmittance, high-UV-resistant polyolefin (POE) film; the back sheet is a fluorinated coating back sheet with excellent UV resistance; and the glass is 2.0mm ultra-white patterned tempered glass on the front and 2.0mm tempered glass on the back.

[0045] (3) Sample preparation of photovoltaic module test samples, including: production and preparation of photovoltaic module test samples in accordance with the overall empirical scheme, ensuring stable production process and consistent quality of photovoltaic module test samples, and marking each photovoltaic module test sample with a unique identification number (e.g., a QR code with a unique number pasted on the test sample) to facilitate subsequent data traceability.

[0046] Step S13: Establish the initial data file for the photovoltaic module test sample, including: After the photovoltaic module test samples are prepared, the following initial state locking is performed immediately.

[0047] (1) Initial electrical performance test: Under standard test conditions (e.g., STC, i.e., irradiance 1000W / m², temperature 25℃, AM1.5 spectrum), the photovoltaic module test sample is subjected to initial electrical performance testing using a photovoltaic module power tester, and the electrical performance parameters of the photovoltaic module test sample (including open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, maximum output power, fill factor, etc.) are accurately recorded to obtain initial performance data; at the same time, based on the unique identification number of the photovoltaic module test sample, all subsequent monitoring data and test data can be linked to the initial state of the corresponding test sample.

[0048] (2) Quality inspection: The photovoltaic module test samples are subjected to quality inspection to obtain quality inspection results, and unqualified photovoltaic module test samples are removed.

[0049] Quality inspection includes visual inspection (such as EL testing to exclude hidden cracks, appearance defects, etc.) and insulation withstand voltage testing.

[0050] (3) Establish initial data archive: Based on initial performance data and quality inspection results, an independent initial data file is established for each qualified photovoltaic module test sample, serving as the benchmark data for subsequent performance degradation assessment. The initial data file includes the unique identification number of the photovoltaic module test sample, production information, cell type, material properties and specifications, initial performance data, and quality inspection results.

[0051] In some specific embodiments, step S2: According to the overall empirical scheme, the photovoltaic module test samples are installed outdoors and an empirical testing system is built, including the following: (1) Component installation: Based on the installation capacity, tilt angle, installation method, and fixing method of the photovoltaic module test samples in the overall empirical scheme, the photovoltaic module test samples are fixedly installed on the brackets at the outdoor empirical site to ensure that the installation is firm and the wiring is correct, so as to avoid installation errors affecting the test results; at the same time, the unique identification number QR code label is facing the inspection channel for easy identification.

[0052] (2) Building an empirical testing system: The empirical testing system includes a photovoltaic inverter, a data acquisition module, a data transmission module, and a storage device. The data acquisition module includes a current sensor, a voltage sensor, an irradiance sensor, and an environmental sensor. Connecting the photovoltaic inverter, data acquisition module, data transmission module, and storage device constructs a complete empirical testing system, thus completing the system's setup.

[0053] For example, photovoltaic module test samples are connected to 50 micro photovoltaic inverters, and inverter data is aggregated through a data acquisition module.

[0054] (3) Debugging and operation of the empirical test system: The empirical testing system was fully debugged, and the accuracy of data acquisition, the stability of transmission, and the integrity of storage were checked. After debugging, the empirical testing system was started and put into operation to monitor the photovoltaic module test samples in real time.

[0055] In some specific embodiments, step S3: During the empirical period, periodic sampling tests are conducted on the photovoltaic module test samples to obtain sampling performance data. The sampling performance data is compared and analyzed with the initial data archive to obtain performance degradation analysis results. The photovoltaic module test samples are then monitored in real time through the empirical testing system to obtain monitoring data, including the following: During the 3-year empirical period, the following work will be carried out continuously: (1) Data acquisition: The empirical test system automatically executes the data acquisition task set by S1, and collects the operating parameters and meteorological environment parameters of the photovoltaic module test sample in real time to obtain monitoring data; the cloud database continuously accumulates the operating data of the empirical test system.

[0056] (2) Attenuation sampling: At each preset interval, a preset proportion of photovoltaic module test samples are randomly selected for electrical performance retesting under standard test conditions (i.e., retesting the electrical performance parameters of the photovoltaic module test samples) to obtain performance sampling data, and the performance degradation rate of the photovoltaic module test samples is calculated. When a photovoltaic module test sample is found to have a performance failure or abnormality, the sampling scope is expanded to conduct full sample testing on all photovoltaic module test samples in the same batch.

[0057] (3) Comparative analysis: The collected raw data is screened, cleaned, and outliers are removed; and the performance sampling data of periodic degradation tests are compared with the initial performance data in the initial data archive to analyze the performance degradation law and electrical performance parameter change trend of the photovoltaic module test samples. Based on the performance degradation law and electrical performance parameter change trend of photovoltaic module test samples, a module performance degradation model (i.e., the correlation model between test samples and environmental factors) is established in combination with meteorological environmental parameters to determine the degree of influence of different environmental conditions on the performance of photovoltaic module test samples.

[0058] In some specific embodiments, step S4: Based on the full-cycle performance degradation analysis results and monitoring data analysis results, empirical conclusions on the performance of photovoltaic module test samples are generated, and technical optimization suggestions are proposed for the empirical conclusions, including the following: (1) After the empirical period ends, all empirical test data and the performance degradation analysis results are summarized and discussed as follows.

[0059] Results Summary: Based on all empirical test data (including monitoring data and performance sampling data), and according to the monitoring data analysis results (the monitoring data analysis results obtained through the analysis of monitoring data) and the performance degradation analysis results, the power degradation curves, changes in electrical performance parameters, failure occurrences (such as module damage, junction box failure, power drop, etc.) and meteorological environmental parameter statistics of the photovoltaic module test samples throughout the entire empirical period are summarized to form a complete empirical data summary report.

[0060] Results Discussion: Combining the technical principles of photovoltaic modules and the characteristics of outdoor environments, this paper analyzes the main causes, failure modes, and influencing factors of power degradation in photovoltaic module test samples; discusses the accelerating effect of different environmental conditions on the performance degradation of photovoltaic module test samples, and identifies the weak links of photovoltaic module test samples.

[0061] (2) Based on the summary and discussion of the monitoring data analysis structure and performance degradation analysis results, empirical conclusions are output, including: Based on the performance degradation analysis results, the long-term power degradation rate, degradation rate and stable operation cycle of the photovoltaic module test samples in the target outdoor environment were determined. The evaluation of photovoltaic module test samples includes factors such as rate of decay, power generation efficiency, failure rate, reliability, and environmental adaptability, to determine whether the modules meet the preset performance evaluation index requirements. This study summarizes the main failure types and patterns of photovoltaic module test samples during outdoor operation, providing a basis for quality control of photovoltaic module test samples.

[0062] (3) Suggestions for optimizing the empirical conclusions: Output complete empirical results documents, including empirical conclusion reports, all empirical test data, preliminary data archives, attenuation curves, and fault analysis reports; based on the empirical conclusions, propose specific technical optimization suggestions for the structural design, material selection, and production process of photovoltaic module test samples, such as replacing encapsulation materials with better aging resistance, optimizing the module heat dissipation structure, and improving the frame anti-corrosion treatment process, to provide guidance for the technological upgrading and engineering application of photovoltaic modules.

[0063] The outdoor verification method for photovoltaic modules provided in this application constructs a complete and standardized closed-loop management system, from the proposal of verification needs, scheme design, sample preparation, initial testing, system installation, periodic data collection and comparative analysis, to the output of verification conclusions and technical optimization suggestions. This effectively overcomes the core defects of existing technologies, such as fragmented verification processes, broken data chains, and an emphasis on monitoring over analysis. Its core beneficial effect lies in realizing the systematization and scientification of outdoor verification, significantly improving the accuracy, relevance, and traceability of data. This enables precise quantification of the performance degradation law and reliability of modules in real outdoor environments, providing solid and reliable empirical evidence for the technological iteration of photovoltaic modules, product quality improvement, and refined operation and investment decisions of photovoltaic power plants, ultimately promoting the high-quality development of the photovoltaic industry.

[0064] Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. An outdoor empirical method for photovoltaic modules, characterized in that, The method includes: Based on empirical requirements, an overall empirical scheme is determined, photovoltaic module test samples are prepared according to the overall empirical scheme, and an initial data archive for the photovoltaic module test samples is established. According to the overall empirical scheme, the photovoltaic module test samples were installed outdoors and an empirical testing system was built. During the empirical period, the photovoltaic module test samples are periodically sampled and tested to obtain sampled performance data. The sampled performance data is compared and analyzed with the initial data archive to obtain performance degradation analysis results. The photovoltaic module test samples are monitored in real time through the empirical testing system to obtain monitoring data. Based on the full-cycle performance degradation analysis results and monitoring data analysis results, empirical conclusions on the performance of photovoltaic module test samples are generated, and technical optimization suggestions are proposed for the photovoltaic module test samples based on the empirical conclusions.

2. The outdoor empirical method for photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that, The determination of the overall empirical scheme based on empirical needs includes: The empirical requirements are determined based on the application scenarios, climate environment, and technology verification needs of photovoltaic modules. These empirical requirements include empirical objectives, empirical period, and performance evaluation indicators for photovoltaic module test samples. Among them, the performance evaluation indicators include power attenuation rate, power generation efficiency, and failure rate. Based on the aforementioned empirical requirements, an overall empirical scheme for photovoltaic module test samples is planned. The overall empirical scheme includes an installation scheme and a data acquisition scheme. The installation scheme includes the installation capacity, installation tilt angle, installation method, and fixing method of the photovoltaic module test samples.

3. The outdoor demonstration method for photovoltaic modules according to claim 2, characterized in that, The data acquisition scheme includes core data indicators, data acquisition frequency, and data storage format. The core data indicators include the operating parameters and meteorological environmental parameters of the photovoltaic module test samples. The operating parameters include power generation, active power, branch current, branch voltage, module open-circuit voltage, and short-circuit current. The meteorological environmental parameters include irradiance, ambient temperature, humidity, wind speed, and weather.

4. The outdoor demonstration method for photovoltaic modules according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The installation plan for the photovoltaic module test samples includes: Design the installation capacity, installation tilt angle, installation method, and fixing method of photovoltaic module test samples; in, The design of the installation capacity includes: determining the total capacity of the photovoltaic module test samples and the specifications of a single photovoltaic module test sample based on the empirical site conditions, the load capacity of the monitoring equipment, and the evaluation accuracy requirements. The design of the installation tilt angle includes: determining the optimal installation tilt angle of the photovoltaic module test sample based on the latitude and solar resource distribution characteristics of the empirical site; The design of the installation method includes: selecting the specific installation method for photovoltaic module test samples according to the differences in application scenarios, and specifying the installation spacing and arrangement; wherein, the specific installation methods include ground bracket installation, rooftop flat installation and tracking installation; The design of the fixing method includes: determining the specific fixing method for photovoltaic module test samples based on meteorological conditions.

5. The outdoor empirical method for photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation of photovoltaic module test samples according to the overall empirical scheme and the establishment of initial data files for the photovoltaic module test samples include: Based on the empirical requirements and the overall empirical scheme, the structural design, material selection and sample preparation of the photovoltaic module test sample are carried out to obtain the photovoltaic module test sample; Under standard test conditions, the photovoltaic module test sample was subjected to initial electrical performance testing, and the electrical performance parameters of the photovoltaic module test sample were recorded to obtain initial performance data. The photovoltaic module test samples are subjected to quality inspection to obtain quality inspection results, and unqualified photovoltaic module test samples are removed. Based on initial performance data and quality inspection results, an independent initial data file is established for each qualified photovoltaic module test sample.

6. The outdoor empirical method for photovoltaic modules according to claim 3, characterized in that, The step of installing the photovoltaic module test samples outdoors and building the empirical testing system according to the overall empirical scheme includes: Based on the installation capacity, installation tilt angle, installation method, and fixing method of the photovoltaic module test samples in the overall empirical scheme, the photovoltaic module test samples were installed at the outdoor empirical site. An empirical testing system was built and debugged, and then started to enter the running state to monitor the photovoltaic module test samples in real time.

7. The outdoor demonstration method for photovoltaic modules according to claim 6, characterized in that, The empirical testing system includes a photovoltaic inverter, a data acquisition module, a data transmission module, and a storage device; the data acquisition module includes a current sensor, a voltage sensor, an irradiation sensor, and an environmental sensor.

8. The outdoor demonstration method for photovoltaic modules according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that, During the empirical period, periodic sampling tests are conducted on the photovoltaic module test samples to obtain sampled performance data. The sampled performance data is then compared and analyzed with the initial data archive to obtain performance degradation analysis results. Furthermore, the photovoltaic module test samples are monitored in real time through the empirical testing system to obtain monitoring data, including: At each preset interval, a preset proportion of photovoltaic module test samples are randomly selected for electrical performance retesting under standard test conditions to obtain performance sampling data and calculate the performance degradation rate of the photovoltaic module test samples. The performance sampling data is compared with the initial performance data in the initial data archive to analyze the performance degradation law and electrical performance parameter change trend of the photovoltaic module test sample. A module performance degradation model is established in combination with meteorological environmental parameters to determine the degree of influence of different environmental conditions on the performance of the photovoltaic module test sample. During the empirical period, the operating parameters and meteorological environmental parameters of the photovoltaic module test samples are monitored and collected in real time through the empirical testing system to obtain monitoring data; When a photovoltaic module test sample with performance failure or abnormality is found during the sampling test, the sampling scope is expanded to conduct full sample testing on all photovoltaic module test samples in the same batch.

9. The outdoor empirical method for photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that, The technical optimization suggestions for photovoltaic module test samples based on empirical conclusions include: Based on empirical findings, technical optimization suggestions are proposed for the structural design, material selection, and manufacturing process of photovoltaic module test samples.

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