Solar permeable paving system integrating drip irrigation system and intelligent technology

Abstract

The invention discloses a solar permeable paving system integrating a drip irrigation system and intelligent technology, which is provided with an integrated drip irrigation cooling system to realize maximum energy efficiency and system life. Water from the drip irrigation system may be filtered and stored for garden irrigation and other domestic use. In one embodiment, the paving material includes a wood laminate block having an interchangeable durable cap secured thereto. Various embodiments of the paver include intelligent functions, such as sensors housed within wooden pavers and / or durable caps, solar cells, and LED lighting. A plurality of wooden pavers are disposed in the mounting base with a regularly defined distance between each paver creating a paving area, such as a courtyard, sidewalk, parking surface, and the like, while allowing water to permeate the surface and potentially reducing unwanted solar heating.

Description

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 505,514, filed June 1, 2023, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This disclosure relates to wood paving blocks and green technologies. Specifically, this disclosure relates to a wood paving block equipped with a drip irrigation system and smart technology, and to the integration of these systems and technologies into a wood paving block system for outdoor spaces such as roads and parking lots. Background Technology

[0003] Concrete and asphalt are ubiquitous in urban environments. While durable and easy to prepare when used for paving, these materials are impermeable, preventing water from seeping into underground aquifers. Rainwater on impermeable surfaces either evaporates as stagnant water or flows down slopes (potentially encountering any amount of contaminants along the way) until it reaches areas where surface water can penetrate. In areas with high rainfall, impermeable surfaces are a major cause of flooding, which often damages infrastructure at cost. In contrast, in areas with low rainfall, the inability of rainwater to penetrate the base surface (and in some cases, into underground aquifers) can have numerous negative structural and environmental consequences.

[0004] Another negative effect of impermeable paving methods such as concrete and asphalt is that these materials absorb short-wave radiation during the day and release the stored heat as long-wave radiation at night. This phenomenon is known as the "urban heat island effect." The urban heat island effect refers to the significant increase in temperature in urban areas caused by human activities—mainly vegetation reduction and the widespread use of impermeable paving methods. To combat the heat island effect, people use fans and air conditioners, consuming more energy, generating more pollution, and exacerbating the greenhouse gas effect, thus creating a vicious cycle where temperatures actually rise even higher. Besides their environmental impact, from an aesthetic point of view, asphalt and concrete lack any distinctive features and offer little visual enjoyment.

[0005] Wood is an ancient material that has been used in paving for centuries. While wood generally does not contribute to the urban heat island effect and is more aesthetically pleasing, wood blocks and chips are not durable or resistant to decay, often decomposing after prolonged contact with the ground. For this reason, wood is often treated with wood tar, tar, or other chemicals, as detailed in U.S. Patent No. 853,034 by Ralph, published in 1907. Although wood treatment has made progress in the last century, treating wood blocks to improve their durability and environmental resistance remains complex, posing both environmental risks and potential safety hazards to installers.

[0006] This disclosure aims to improve existing wood paving block systems and methods, overcoming their shortcomings. It facilitates the provision of a paving block system that integrates water conservation and self-sufficient smart technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Overview This section provides a concise overview of the relevant concepts, which are described in detail later. This section is not intended to identify key or essential features of the invention, nor should it be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

[0008] This application discloses a green and intelligent paving block system equipped with an integrated cooling system designed to maximize energy efficiency and system lifespan. The paving blocks of the system are made of natural wood such as locust wood and can be in the form of laminated wood blocks or laminated wood cubes. Furthermore, each wood block or cube consists of a wooden base (equipped with interchangeable and durable caps) and at least one crack-resistant plate fixed to the base.

[0009] Embodiments of the paving system encompass a wide range of functionalities, including but not limited to intelligent sensors, solar cells, and LED lights embedded in the wooden paving blocks and / or durable caps. Each paving block cap can be customized based on technologies integrated into the cap and paving block. Multiple wooden paving blocks are spaced at predetermined intervals within a mounting base to form paved areas such as patios, sidewalks, and parking lots. This design maintains surface permeability while helping to reduce unwanted solar heat absorption. These paving blocks can be used to create safe, cool surfaces for playgrounds and parks.

[0010] In some embodiments, a substrate with gaskets or other forms of matrix may be used to ensure proper installation spacing. The paving block assembly includes a drip irrigation system to reduce the temperature of the assembly and increase solar power generation. Water from the drip irrigation system can be filtered and stored for garden irrigation and other domestic uses.

[0011] According to one or more embodiments, each paving block is generally cubic in shape. In other words, each paving block has four sides, which are joined together at each corner by upper and lower surfaces of the same size. For ease of installation, aesthetic purposes, or other factors, the arrangement of each paving block can be vertical or other orientations. In a preferred embodiment, the paving block includes a cap or retaining ring made of a durable material to enhance the strength and durability of the wooden paving block. Furthermore, the paving block may incorporate various “smart” technologies and functions described herein.

[0012] According to one or more embodiments, the paving block system may include a drip irrigation system installed between rows of paving blocks. A gasket on the mounting base, positioned between paving blocks, may include a "bracket" or recessed portion to allow irrigation pipes to be mounted within the bracket of the paving block. Furthermore, the system may include at least one water tank or groundwater storage system installed beneath the paving system for collecting and storing rainwater and surface water that seeps into the paving block system. The drip irrigation and storage system may include a filtration system to treat the collected water. In a preferred embodiment, the system includes an air purging system for the drip irrigation pipes to prevent damage from pressurization and icing.

[0013] Preferred embodiments of the paving blocks incorporate technologies including sensors, solar cells, lighting, and / or other functions or combinations thereof. One or more computer systems can be configured to perform specific operations or actions by installing software, firmware, hardware, or a combination thereof on the system that, when running, causes the system to perform those actions. One or more computer programs can be configured to perform specific operations or actions by including instructions in the program that, upon receipt by a data processing device, cause the device to perform those actions. A maintenance control unit may be provided to house pumps, filters, and sensors controlling the drip irrigation system and the paving block system.

[0014] In general, the paving system comprises several untreated acacia wood paving blocks arranged in a predetermined pattern that creates regular gaps between the blocks. In one embodiment, the predetermined pattern is vertical. The paving blocks can be spaced apart, with the spacing determined by the size of the blocks. The paving system also features permeability after installation, both in the gaps between the blocks and throughout the entire system. The paving system further includes a drip irrigation system for cooling the paving blocks, improving system efficiency, and extending system lifespan. Other embodiments of this aspect may be configured with sensors, solar cells, lighting, and corresponding computer systems, instruments, and computer programs stored on one or more computer storage devices to perform various operations of the method.

[0015] The implementation may include one or more of the following features. The paving system may also include a mounting base for maintaining a predetermined pattern and gaps. In the design of the paving system, the mounting base may be equipped with a rigid substrate. In the design of the paving system, wooden paving blocks may be arranged within or on the substrate. In the design of the paving system, the wooden paving blocks may be fixed to the substrate. In the design of the paving system, the wooden paving blocks may be made of laminated wood and arranged vertically. In the design of the paving system, the wooden paving blocks may be cubic. In the design of the paving system, a durable cap may be fitted on the upper surface of the wooden paving blocks. The paving system may include several paving blocks arranged in an array on a mounting base equipped with a substrate, which is mounted on a permeable, concrete-like surface to enhance structural strength and stability. The implementation of the technology may include hardware, a method or process, or computer software on a computer-accessible medium.

[0016] The implementation may include one or more of the following features. The paving system may use a volcanic soil subgrade (such as ROMEX®) or other suitable permeable mortar as the permeable medium. The paving system may use gravel as the permeable medium. The paving system may contain multiple layers of gravel as the permeable medium. The gravel particle size may vary, therefore it can be laid in layers according to particle size: fine-sized gravel is used to maintain gaps, and a layer of coarse-sized gravel is laid below. In this paving system, one or more layers of gravel or crushed stone may be placed under the wooden paving blocks, but it must be ensured that their particle size exceeds the gravel particle size of the permeable medium layer by layer. In this paving system, one or more layers of pads of varying sizes or pore sizes may also be placed under the substrate or mounting base.

[0017] One or more embodiments of the paving system may also be equipped with at least one wireless sensor embedded in a wooden paving block or durable cap for receiving data. The sensor may be used to receive moisture and irrigation data, temperature and humidity data, and vibration data. The sensor may also be used to record pedestrian and vehicle traffic flow, providing useful information for road maintenance. Multiple sensors with different functions may be configured, or a single sensor capable of performing all functions may be configured. Other embodiments of this aspect are configured with corresponding computer systems, instruments, and computer programs stored on one or more computer storage devices to perform the various operations of the method.

[0018] According to one or more embodiments, sensor data is transmitted to the cloud. In one embodiment, any or all data collected by one or more sensors can be transmitted to the cloud for evaluation. The paving system may be configured with at least one wireless sensor for detecting ground activity, conditions, and structural damage. The at least one wireless sensor may provide data for circulation statistics. In one embodiment, irrigation and water conservation can both be controlled via embedded wireless sensors. The technology may be implemented in the form of hardware, a method or process, or computer software on a computer-accessible medium.

[0019] According to one or more embodiments, the wooden paving block is equipped with a high-intensity light source (such as an LED or similar light source) that can be configured to emit different lighting modes, such as pedestrian safety lights and road sign lights. These modes include flashing lights, adjustable brightness lights, or variable light modes and colors used to guide traffic or direct attention to specific areas of the paving block system.

[0020] The above and other aspects, features and advantages of this disclosure will be set forth in the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0021] For ease of understanding, it is recommended to read the preceding content and the detailed description of the preferred embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Exemplary embodiments are shown in the drawings for illustrative purposes; however, the invention is not limited to the specific methods and means disclosed in this application.

[0022] The embodiments illustrated, described, and discussed in this application are for illustrative purposes only. Since the embodiments of the invention are illustrated, those skilled in the art will readily recognize various modifications or adjustments to the methods and / or specific structures described in this application. Therefore, they will understand that while modifications and variations are included within the scope of the foregoing teachings and the appended claims, they do not depart from the spirit and intended scope of this application. Any such modifications, adjustments, or variations that rely on the teachings of this invention and, in turn, enable the advancement of technology through those teachings, are considered to be within the spirit and scope of this invention. Therefore, these descriptions and drawings should not be considered limiting, as we understand that the invention is by no means limited to the illustrated embodiments.

[0023] Figure 1 This is an exemplary use view of the paving block system of the present invention provided according to one or more embodiments.

[0024] Figure 2 An exploded view of a paving block system provided according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 for Figure 2 The exploded view of the paving block system shown from an upward tilted perspective.

[0026] Figure 4 for Figure 2 The paving block system shown is an exploded view from a downward tilting angle.

[0027] Figure 5 This is an exploded view of one embodiment of the paving block system, showing the laying of the drip irrigation system piping.

[0028] Figure 6 for Figure 5 The exploded view of the paving block system shown illustrates the laying of the drip irrigation system pipes between rows of paving blocks.

[0029] Figure 7 for Figure 6 The exploded view of the paving block system shown from an upward tilted perspective.

[0030] Figure 8 for Figure 6 The paving block system shown is an exploded view from a downward tilting angle.

[0031] Figure 9 This is a perspective view of one embodiment, in which a permeable medium is laid between two adjacent solar paving blocks equipped with drip irrigation pipes.

[0032] Figure 10 A cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a solar panel shows the internal circuit board and the wiring harness of the solar cells.

[0033] Figure 11 This is an exploded view showing one or more embodiments of wooden paving blocks, including a wooden base and a durable cap.

[0034] Figure 12 Six embodiments of wood paving blocks are shown, each with different technologies or functions, detailed in this description.

[0035] Figure 13 An exploded view of an embodiment of a wooden paving block is provided, which includes a wedge-shaped block that tilts a solar cell.

[0036] Figure 14 An exploded view of an embodiment of a wooden paving block is provided, which includes at least one sensor.

[0037] Figure 15 An exploded view of an embodiment of a wooden paving block is provided, which includes a high-intensity light source.

[0038] Figure 16 An exploded view of an embodiment of a wooden paving block is provided, which includes a standard light source.

[0039] Figure 17An exploded view of an embodiment of a “blank” wood paving block with durable retaining rings is provided.

[0040] Figure 18 This is a top view of an embodiment of the mounting base substrate.

[0041] Figure 19 This is a perspective view of a substrate embodiment, showing a crack-resistant plate attached to the lower surface of the paving block.

[0042] Figure 20 Perspective views provided for different embodiments of fixing wooden paving blocks to a substrate, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0043] Figure 21 Top view of different embodiments of fixing wooden paving blocks to a substrate.

[0044] Figure 22 for Figure 21 The perspective view further shows the ground anchors extending from the substrate.

[0045] Figure 23 This is a side view of an embodiment of a paving block gasket, which is equipped with pins that are driven into corresponding circular holes on a substrate.

[0046] Figure 24 An embodiment is shown in which two laminated wood paving blocks are fixed to a substrate, wherein the substrate is provided with a spacer between the paving blocks.

[0047] Figure 25 Provided for one or more embodiments of this disclosure Figure 24 Top view.

[0048] Figure 26 This is a side view showing a gasket supporting the drip irrigation system piping, mounted on a base plate between two paving blocks, beneath which lies the water storage system.

[0049] To facilitate understanding, this specification provides detailed descriptions of one or more specific embodiments of the invention. While this specification elaborates and illustrates specific features of some embodiments, the invention is not limited to the embodiments and features explicitly described in the illustrations. By considering this specification, we are likely to develop many more similar embodiments and features that do not exceed the scope of the invention. Although the term "step" may be used explicitly or implicitly to refer to features of a process or method, this term does not imply any specific order or sequence between these explicit or implicit steps unless the order is explicitly stated.

[0050] All dimensions, whether express or implied, in the drawings and this specification are for illustrative purposes only. Therefore, not all embodiments within the scope of the drawings and this specification need to be manufactured exactly to the illustrative dimensions. The drawings are not drawn to scale. Therefore, not all embodiments within the scope of the drawings and this specification need to be manufactured exactly to the relative scale shown in the drawings. However, for each drawing, at least one embodiment is manufactured to the relative scale shown in the drawing.

[0051] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this application have the meanings commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. While the implementation or testing of this invention may use methods, apparatus, and materials similar to or equivalent to those described in other parts of this specification, only representative methods, apparatus, and materials will be described below.

[0052] Following long-standing patent law practice, in this specification (including the claims), "a..." and "the..." refer to "one or more...". Therefore, for example, reference to "a device" may include multiple such devices, and so on.

[0053] Unless otherwise stated, all figures indicating the quantity of components, conditions, etc., in this specification and the appended claims should be understood to be modified with the word "about" in all cases. Therefore, unless otherwise stated, numerical parameters in this specification and the appended claims are approximate values, and the specific values ​​depend on the intended characteristics of the invention.

[0054] In this specification, when the word "about" is used in conjunction with numerical or quantitative values ​​such as mass, weight, time, volume, concentration, and / or percentage, it refers to the range of variation of the specified numerical or quantitative value determined according to the actual situation of the present invention: some embodiments are + / -20%; some embodiments are + / -10%; some embodiments are + / -5%; some embodiments are + / -1%; some embodiments are + / -0.5%; and some embodiments are + / -0.1%.

[0055] The paving blocks 12 of this system 10 are preferably made of laminated wood because laminated wood has higher strength and durability compared to single-layer wood. To manufacture the laminated wood paving blocks 12, multiple pieces of wood are glued or adhesiveed together to form a single paving block. Each laminated paving block consists of at least three layers. Figure 23 and 24It is shown to have four layers, formed by twisting the natural fibers of each layer of wood in different directions and then bonding them together. The innermost support layer reinforces the overall structure of the material. Laminated wood is more flexible than most types of wood, making it more resistant to natural disasters such as earthquakes or strong winds. Other advantages of laminated wood include superior thermal insulation, resulting in energy savings; in addition, laminated wood is lighter than other building materials, making the paving system easier to transport and construct.

[0056] The aforementioned multiple wooden paving blocks 12 are not expected to absorb short-wave radiation during the day and therefore will not emit long-wave radiation at night, thus helping to alleviate the urban heat island effect mentioned above. Furthermore, compared to concrete paving methods, wooden paving blocks possess unique aesthetic characteristics and are more pleasing to the eye.

[0057] As mentioned above, softwood is generally unsuitable for paving without prior chemical treatment. This also applies to many common hardwoods. While many imported hardwoods are durable enough for paving blocks, most have high oil content, making them slippery in humid conditions. This high oil content also prevents decorative stains like dyes from staining tropical hardwoods. Furthermore, unsustainable logging practices and international trade restrictions make imported hardwoods expensive and difficult to obtain.

[0058] In a preferred embodiment of paving system 10, the wooden paving blocks 12 are made of untreated locust wood (Latin name: Robinia pseudoacacia). Locust wood is natively cultivated and harvested using sustainable methods, making it well-suited to the embodiments of the present invention. Advantageous properties of locust wood include a Janus hardness of 1700 psi, durability, and organic corrosion resistance. While the inventors do not wish to be bound by any particular theory, the pores of locust wood are typically filled with minerals rather than oils, which gives the wood its durable, slip-resistant properties while retaining some ability to absorb decorative stains. Given the advantageous properties of locust wood, the service life of multiple paving blocks 12 is expected to reach sixty years, even without any chemical treatment. Furthermore, at the end of their service life, the paving blocks 12 can be incinerated without causing significant environmental pollution. Although the inventors have found locust wood suitable for embodiments of the present invention, other types of wood with properties suitable for system 10 may also be used in embodiments of the present invention.

[0059] The reason locust wood is used instead of pine or cedar is its superior durability. Pine and cedar are soft and decompose quickly, while locust wood can last at least 50-60 years. Because locust wood's lifespan far exceeds that of concrete and other woods, many countries and regions incentivize the purchase of locust wood paving blocks through carbon credits.12 Locust wood also has a higher albedo (solar reflectance) because its natural grain turns silvery-gray over time, giving it excellent light-reflecting properties. This means that locust wood retains its temperature lower than asphalt or other dark-colored alternatives.

[0060] The inventors have discovered that using cubic hardwood paving blocks 12 has significant advantages because it allows installers to select the most aesthetically pleasing side of the block and place it accordingly without altering the way the blocks 12 are joined. Of course, the blocks can also be cuboids, cylinders, or other shapes, depending on the application. In some cases, the shapes of the blocks can also be different, such as complementary shapes, thus creating a geometric pattern on the surface of the paving system 10.

[0061] Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the paving system 10 provided according to one or more embodiments is provided to illustrate possible implementations of it in a commercial or residential environment. Further details and embodiments of the system and its components are provided in the "Summary" section; however, it should be understood that the paving system 10 of the present invention should not be construed as... Figure 1 The system 10 shown is limited to, or may be construed as such. For ease of explanation, each embodiment of the paving block 12 constituting the paving system 10 is described herein based on its technology or function. For example, depending on the functional and applied smart technology, the terms "solar paving block," "sensor paving block," "high-intensity lighting paving block," "standard lighting paving block," and "blank paving block" are mentioned herein, but these paving blocks 12 are collectively referred to as "wooden paving blocks" or "paving blocks" of this innovative system 10. The term "technology" as used herein includes, but is not limited to, solar cells 20, sensors 86, high-intensity light sources 96, and standard light sources 98. Figure 12 These embodiments are presented in the best possible way.

[0062] Figure 2-4An exploded perspective view of an embodiment of the wooden paving blocks 12 and water collector 18. In this embodiment, the paving system 10 consists of multiple wooden paving blocks 12 made of untreated natural wood. In the illustrated embodiment, the paving blocks 12 are sheet-like or block-like and equipped with photovoltaic solar cells. The solar cells 20 will be further discussed herein, in addition to generating the electrical energy required for other applications. Rising temperatures negatively impact the efficiency of the solar panels 20, resulting in reduced power generation. When the temperature reaches 25 degrees Celsius (77 degrees Fahrenheit) or higher, the power output of the solar cells 20 decreases by approximately 0.3-0.5% for every 1 degree Celsius increase in temperature; therefore, providing a cooling system that allows the solar cells 20 to maintain maximum efficiency at higher temperatures would be beneficial in mitigating this situation. The paving system 10 of the present invention utilizes the principle of evaporative cooling and is equipped with a drip irrigation system 22 to maintain temperature, thereby improving the efficiency and lifespan of the photovoltaic solar cell system 20.

[0063] For details regarding drip irrigation system 22, please refer to Figure 5-8. Figure 5 An exploded view of the paving block 12 is shown, in which the drip irrigation system pipe 24, the permeable subbase 26 or the paving block base are located below the paving block 12. In addition, a water collector 18 is provided below the paving block 12 to collect surface water that seeps into the paving block 12 and the paving block subbase. Figure 6-8 The drip irrigation system pipe 24 is shown to be laid in the gap 30 between the paving blocks 12. Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional view of the drip irrigation system pipe 24 laid within the permeable medium 28, which fills the gaps 30 between the paving blocks 12. The water collector 18 can be a single tank or multiple drainage compartments, see... Figure 2-8 Multiple permeable cells are joined together with snap-fit ​​connectors to form a box-like structure with an inlet. The inlet design allows approximately 97% of the internal space to store permeable water. Each permeable cell is externally wrapped with a layer of permeable geotextile to prevent debris from entering. The permeable cells can be used in infiltration systems: during heavy rainfall, the voids created inside collect rainwater, which then slowly drains into the drainage system. They can also be used as a storage system, where collected water slowly flows back into the sewer system or existing waterways, thus forming a sustainable drainage system.

[0064] In the disclosed paving system 10, drip irrigation system pipes 24 provide a slow, stable water supply to the wooden paving blocks 12 and the permeable medium 28 surrounding the blocks 12. In environments with rising temperatures and / or dryness, the drip irrigation system 22 utilizes evaporative cooling to lower the temperature of the paving system 10. Water collectors 18 (i.e., water tanks, drainage grids, etc.) collect and store water, which can be reused for many different purposes. Figure 1As shown, the water may come from at least two different sources: surface water collected from rainwater and other environmental sources, and greywater collected from sinks, showers, washing machines, etc. The water from these sources can be stored in different containers 18 and equipped with independent infiltration 34, treatment, and pumping systems 32. Depending on the water source and its intended use after collection, it may be filtered, treated, and then reintroduced (or recycled) to the paved block drip irrigation system 22 for irrigating green spaces, or even used for toilets or drinking water after filtration or treatment.

[0065] Drip irrigation system 22 is a known technology, therefore its overall structure will not be described in detail herein. However, it should be understood that the drip irrigation system 22 of the present invention may include the following components. The water pump 32 is functionally connectable to a pressurized water source (e.g., Figure 1 –7 shows a water collector 18) between itself and irrigation pipe 24, used to supply water to irrigation pipe 24 and its outlet. Alternative water sources may include greywater from nearby commercial and residential areas. High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters 34 and reverse osmosis purification units for input and output can be installed along system 10 where rainwater, brine, and any other water source needs to be filtered. Sand beds can be laid to remove heavier particles and prevent outlet clogging. System 10 is equipped with a main air compressor 36 for draining water from the irrigation line in freezing temperatures. For example, when system 10 detects that the outside temperature reaches a preset value (e.g., 40 degrees Fahrenheit), air compressor 36 will be triggered to start and deliver pressurized air to the line, thereby draining water from the line to prevent it from freezing. An auxiliary portable air compressor 38 and a storage tank for compressed air can be provided as a backup safety measure in case the main air compressor 36 fails. Pressure relief valves are installed in appropriate locations to prevent over-pressurization of system 10.

[0066] Multiple sensors 40 may be provided, such as flow sensors 40 for monitoring the flow rate through the system, and safety sensors 40 for monitoring temperature, air pressure, and any maintenance issues. The sensors 40 may be functionally connected to a computer processor 41. One or more computer systems may be configured to perform specific operations or actions by installing software, firmware, hardware, or a combination thereof on the system that causes the system to perform the action when it runs. One or more computer programs may be configured to perform specific operations or actions by including instructions in the program that, once received by a data processing device, cause the device to perform such actions. A central maintenance control unit 42 may be provided to house the pumps 32, filters 34, and sensors 40 controlling the drip irrigation system 22 and the paving system 10.

[0067] As mentioned above, the paving blocks are preferably made of wood and may be equipped with or without durable caps 16 to accommodate various functions and technologies. Figure 10A cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the wooden paving block 12 without the durable cap 16 is shown. Figure 11 An exploded view of an embodiment of the wooden paving block 12 with a durable cap 16 is shown. Both embodiments include a wooden base 14, the wooden block being cut into a stepped support structure 70 as shown.

[0068] According to one or more embodiments, a solar cell 20 is provided in the upper surface 50 of the wooden paving block 12, as detailed below. Figure 2-11 The paving blocks 12 can be mounted on a mounting base 44, which is preferably constructed of a rigid aluminum substrate 46 and employs a modular design. The solar paving blocks 12 are interconnected via waterproof electrical connections or quick-connect terminals 81. The number of solar cells 20 per unit area can be adjusted within the overall paving design of the paving blocks 12. This allows for maximizing solar energy conversion (e.g., each paving block is equipped with a solar cell), or for randomly arranging the solar cells 20 within each unit area to increase slip resistance or achieve decorative design.

[0069] Figure 11 One embodiment of the solar paving block 12 of the present invention includes a wooden base 14 and a durable cap 16. Figure 11 The exploded view shows an exemplary assembly of a wooden paving block 12 equipped with a durable cap 16. The illustrated wooden base 14 has a cavity 48 (or recess) at the center of its upper surface 50 for housing technical or functional components of the paving block 12. A crack-resistant plate 52 (which may be secured using liquid rubber, threaded fasteners, or a similar method) can be fixed to the lower surface 54 of the paving block 12 to prevent the wood from cracking and warping, and to improve the durability and extend the service life of the paving block 12. A second crack-resistant plate 52 can be fixed to the edge of the cavity 48 of the wooden base 14, followed preferably by an aluminum retaining ring 56. In the solar paving block 12, solar cells 20 are housed within the aluminum retaining ring 56 and then covered with a transparent cover layer 58, such as load-bearing, walkable glass. The solar cells 20 and the transparent cover layer 58 are installed in layers, flush with the aluminum retaining ring 56. A wear-resistant plate 60 can be fixed to the upper surface 50 of the paving block. The wear-resistant plate 60 is preferably made of stainless steel, but other suitable durable materials may also be used. Depending on the materials used to make the cap 16 (e.g., aluminum and stainless steel), corrosion may occur. To suppress galvanic corrosion between potentially incompatible materials, washers 62 can be placed between the components (i.e., between the stainless steel wear plate 60 and the aluminum retaining ring 56) to prevent corrosion. It is best to use tamper-evident safety screws 64 or any other suitable fasteners 64 to secure the components of the cap 16 to the wooden base 14. Figure 11The upper surface 50 of the wooden base 14 has at least one drilled hole at each corner, and the lower surface 54 has at least two drilled holes at each corner. A threaded insert 66 can be installed in each hole to accommodate a threaded fastener 64. The stabilizing insert 68 can be installed in an optimal position within the chamber 48 to prevent torsional deformation of the wooden base 14 and cap 16. When a truck or vehicle turns, the axle generates strong torsional forces; the stabilizing insert enhances structural strength and resists potential lateral forces.

[0070] Aluminum has good thermal conductivity, making it the preferred material for the cap 16. It can conduct heat away from the solar cells 20, promoting the cooling effect of the paving system 10, especially when the aluminum is wetted by rain or the drip irrigation system 22.

[0071] The cap 16 is removable and interchangeable from the wooden base 14. For example, the solar cell 20 cap of the solar cell paving block 12 can be directly removed from the wooden base 14 and replaced with the sensor 86 cap, without having to disassemble the entire solar cell paving block 12 and replace it with the sensor paving block 12. This interchangeability simplifies the maintenance and / or replacement of the paving block 12, while also providing a flexible solution for adding or removing smart functions to the paving system 10 as needed.

[0072] exist Figure 10 In the illustrated embodiment, each wooden base 14 can be designed by cutting to form a stepped support structure 70 (as shown) to accommodate the solar cell 20 with a transparent cover layer 58 on top. This stepped structure 70 design allows the wooden base 14 to bear weight, thus allowing passage for people and vehicles. The top cover layer 58 is manufactured using an anti-slip process (such as laser etching 72) to ensure that the surface meets relevant building codes while achieving maximum anti-slip effect.

[0073] like Figure 10 As shown, the inner wall of chamber 48 is covered with a reflective material 74 (e.g., aluminum foil) to focus light onto the surface of solar cell 20 to improve solar energy conversion efficiency. Depending on the function of the pavement block 12 (e.g., solar cell 20, lighting devices 96 and 98, sensor 86, etc.), at least one circuit board 76 is installed within chamber 48 of pavement block 12 to functionally interface with related technologies (i.e.,...). Figure 10 The solar cells 20 in the middle are connected. The holes 78 required for wiring can be set according to actual needs. For example, multiple holes 78 can be arranged on the side wall 80 of the paving block 12, the base 54, or both. A wire harness 82 with multiple wiring circuits can be installed inside the paving block 12, so as to easily realize the connection and disconnection between paving blocks 12, and at the same time facilitate the addition, deletion and / or upgrading of the technical functions of the paving block 12.

[0074] exist Figure 10In the embodiment shown, each individual paving block 12 is provided with drilled holes and grooves (or hole positions 78) in four directions to facilitate cable laying. Figure 12 The display cap 16 has multiple holes 78 for wiring. This design allows for a common layout of the flooring blocks 12 on the mounting base 44. The flooring blocks 12 are interconnected via the aforementioned waterproof electrical connections or quick-connect terminals 81. The holes 78 can be filled with silicone to form waterproof plugs, while also taking into account the expansion properties of the wood.

[0075] The paving system 10 includes a battery 43 functionally connected to the solar panel 20 paving block 12 for storing energy generated by the solar panel 20. The electrical energy generated by the solar panel 20 can power additional functions of the paving system 10 (such as sensors 86, lighting devices 96 and 98), thus forming a self-sustaining, self-powered paving system 10. Furthermore, the battery 43 can be functionally connected to the paving system 10 to provide power to nearby residential or commercial facilities.

[0076] Figure 13 This is an exploded view of a solar panel paving block 12, which also includes a wedge 84 for tilting the solar cells 20 at a certain angle. The wedge 84 can be made of plastic, wood, or any other suitable material. The wedge 84 can be placed or installed within the paving block chamber 48, thereby positioning the solar cells 20 between the wedge 84 and the transparent cover layer 58. The tilt angle of the solar cells 20 can be adjusted according to the latitude of the installation location. By adjusting the angle of the solar cells 20 to optimize sunlight reception, the efficiency of solar energy acquisition and conversion by the cells 20 can be improved. The latitude-adaptive wedge 84 provides angle adjustment functionality for the solar cells 20 while maintaining a flat and passable surface on the paving block 12.

[0077] In one or more embodiments, sensor 86 can be used to collect multidimensional data from paving system 10. Sensor 86 can be wired or wirelessly connected. As mentioned in the preceding description of circuit board 76 and quick-connect terminal block 81, the paving system supports electrical system functional connections. For example, this data may include temperature and humidity readings, time, traffic statistics, vibration readings, etc. This wireless data can be transmitted to computer processor 41 for analysis and / or stored in the cloud for information retrieval. One or more computer systems can be configured to perform specific operations or actions by installing software, firmware, hardware, or a combination thereof on the system that causes the system to perform the action when it runs. One or more computer programs can be configured to perform specific operations or actions by including instructions in the program that, once received by a data processing device, cause the device to perform such actions.

[0078] In a preferred embodiment, sensor 86 is capable of transmitting data to a wireless network. The data can be retrieved and / or displayed on a computer or smart device (such as a smartphone or tablet). This wireless capability supports accessing and monitoring the data from sensor 86 from any location.

[0079] Temperature information can be used to prevent injuries caused by surface activity and environmental conditions (such as slips and falls due to ice and snow). This wireless data can be transmitted to a computer processor 41 and then displayed or transmitted to the user in a readable format. When the temperature reaches or approaches freezing point, this data can be used to guide efficient snow removal or de-icing operations. Heating elements, such as radiant heating cables or pipes, can be installed in the paving system 10. The heating elements can be driven by electricity generated by the solar paving blocks 12, thus forming a self-sustaining system. Near-freezing temperatures can prompt the sensor 86 to activate the heating elements to prevent ice and snow accumulation. This information can significantly reduce the probability of slips and falls.

[0080] Under high-temperature conditions, temperature data, humidity data, and groundwater level data can be used to trigger the start of the drip irrigation system 22, thereby cooling the paving system 10. Sensor 86 provides automatic control functions for the drip irrigation system 22. Water conservation can be achieved by recycling natural rainwater that has infiltrated into the soil and collected in the rainwater collector 18.

[0081] In areas where activity levels need to be monitored, traffic volume statistics and vibration sensors 86 can be installed under or inside the paving blocks 12. Sensors 86 can count pedestrian, non-motorized, and motorized traffic in a protected, concealed environment. This information is valuable for urban planning, public space design, and maintenance. Furthermore, it can be used to determine traffic flow, density, and urban service demand data. Traffic flow and density can be recorded to help municipal departments prioritize maintenance and repair work. Vibration data can also be used to monitor natural disasters such as earthquakes and strong winds.

[0082] The sensor 86 can be functionally connected to the circuit board 76 installed inside the paving block 12, and / or operate wirelessly via Bluetooth or other means. The sensor 76 is preferably installed inside the chamber 48 of the wooden paving block 14 or the paving block cap 16. Alternatively, the sensor 86 can be installed on the outer wall 80 or the lower surface 54 (i.e., the base) of the paving block 12. Figure 10 It is a humidity sensor 86, which is installed on the outer wall 80 of the wooden paving block 12 and is functionally connected to the paving block to detect the humidity level of the permeable medium 28. Figure 10 In the middle, a ground temperature sensor 86 and a moisture level sensor probe 86 are installed on the lower surface 54 of the paving block 12 and are functionally connected to the paving block.

[0083] Figure 14This is an exploded view of a preferred embodiment of the sensor mounting block 12 with cap 16. For details on the assembly method of the wooden mounting block 12 and cap 16, please refer to... Figure 11 The sensor paving block 12 chamber 48 is preferably lined with liquid rubber for waterproofing. The rubber lining may have drainage holes or apertures 88 for drainage. The cap 16 has a slotted section 92 to allow the sensor 86 to detect humidity, rainfall, and temperature. In a preferred embodiment, an insect-proof mesh 94 made of a mesh or other suitable material is placed between the sensor 86 chamber and the slotted section 92 of the cap 16. The cap 16 is preferably made of aluminum and can be secured to the wooden portion 14 of the paving block 12 using threaded fasteners 64 or similar. In a preferred embodiment of this paving system 10, one sensor paving block 12 is placed per 100 square feet area. However, the density can be increased or decreased as needed.

[0084] The paving block 12 of the present invention can be equipped with adjustable light sources 96 and 98 and an intelligent lighting system. Figure 15 and Figure 16 Examples of adding lighting devices 96 and 98 to paving blocks 12. High-intensity lighting paving block 12 and standard lighting paving block 12 are shown below. Figure 11 The components are assembled using a transparent cover 58 or a permeable glass surface, with light sources 96 and 98 mounted underneath. Light sources 96 and 98 can be intelligent lighting systems that can be wirelessly controlled by smart devices, enabling remote control of light switching, brightness adjustment, and lighting modes. As described herein, circuit board 76 and wiring harness 82 can be installed within chamber 48, and light sources 96 and 98 can be powered by a central battery 43 functionally connected to the solar panel 12 or other power source. Alternatively, solar cells 20 can be incorporated into the lighting panel 12 to form a combined solar lighting panel 12, with the solar cells 20 powering the light sources 96 and 98. The operating mode of the lighting panel 12 can be programmed to resemble that of an automatic street light. For example, a photoresistor or sensor can distinguish between day and night, automatically turning on the light source when the sun sets. The circuit board thus saves energy and manpower.

[0085] Lighting modes, colors, and brightness can be programmed via a computer or smart device. One or more computer systems can be configured to perform specific operations or actions by installing software, firmware, hardware, or a combination thereof on the system that causes the system to perform those actions when it runs. One or more computer programs can be configured to perform specific operations or actions by including instructions in the program that, once received by a data processing device, cause the device to perform those actions.

[0086] Figure 15This is an exploded view of an embodiment of a pavement block with a high-intensity LED light 96 (preferably an LED light) installed within chamber 48 of pavement block 12 and cap 16. In one or more embodiments, a slope 97 may be cut into the cap for mounting the high-intensity LED light 96. The light 96 can be used for various purposes, such as guiding pedestrians or vehicles, indicating directional paths, or warning of road hazards. The high-intensity LED light 96 can be programmed to flash or remain constantly lit and can integrate different colored lights 96. For example, the light 96 can flash green, yellow, or red to alert drivers to road conditions.

[0087] Figure 16 This is an exploded view of the paving block 12, which can be used for standard lighting 98. The paving block 12 can be assembled as described above, and once assembled, the standard lighting 98 can be used for accent lighting, garden lighting, and other purposes. The standard lighting paving block 12 can also be used for traffic guidance. For example, when a driver enters a dimly lit parking lot, the paving block can illuminate the aisle and parking space, providing the driver with a clear view. Alternatively, when a truck enters a port, the paving block 12 can be programmed using smart technology to illuminate loading and unloading points for the driver.

[0088] The paving system 10 also includes “blank” paving blocks 12 for areas where smart technology is not required. These blank paving blocks 12 have the functionality of the drip irrigation system 22, but unlike the smart paving block embodiments described herein, they do not have technical components such as solar cells 20, lighting devices 96 / 98, or sensors 86. Figure 17 An example of a blank flooring block 12 is provided. The blank flooring block 12 preferably has a laminated wood base 14 with a notch 100 engraved at the edge of its upper surface 50. A retaining ring 102, preferably made of stainless steel, is heated to expand the metal and then fitted into the notch 100 of the laminated wood base 14. The hot metal is then quenched with water, causing the retaining ring 102 to tightly wrap around the notch 100 of the laminated wood base 14 through a shrinkage fit. The retaining ring 102 is flush with the side wall surface 80 of the flooring block 12 and is secured in place by friction engagement. Liquid rubber and / or threaded fasteners 64 (such as...) can be used. Figure 11 and Figure 19 (As shown) The anti-cracking plate 52 is fixed to the lower surface 54 of the paving block 12. The steel retaining ring 102 and the anti-cracking plate 52 prevent the paving block 12 from delaminating and improve the strength, durability and service life of the paving block 12.

[0089] In one or more embodiments, the paving system 10 of the present invention is assembled by mounting paving blocks 12 onto a mounting base 44. The mounting base 44 is preferably composed of... Figure 18The rigid substrate 46 (preferably made of aluminum) and the permeable medium 28 laid between the paving blocks 12 are shown. Multiple wooden paving blocks 12 can be placed directly on the ground or embedded in it; however, it has been found that mounting the paving blocks on the substrate 46 helps maintain their proper position during installation. Other advantages of using the rigid substrate 46 include improved ease and efficiency of installation of the paving system 10. Directly installing an integrated mounting base 44 containing multiple paving blocks 12 is more efficient than installing each block individually. Using a rigid substrate is also advantageous and preferable compared to flexible substrates (such as wire mesh), as flexible mounting bases are prone to bending and deformation during installation, and their edges are easily curled. After installation, the mounting base 44 provides space for water penetration, ensuring permeability after paving.

[0090] In one or more embodiments, the substrate 46 includes pavement block mounting points 106, pavement block spacer mounting points 108, and pores 110 for ensuring permeability. The mounting areas of each pavement block 12 may be arranged in an alternating numerical pattern (e.g., Figure 18 The substrate 46 is shaped as a 4×3×4×3 matrix, allowing for interlocking with adjacent mounting bases 44 via a male-female snap-fit ​​structure. In one or more embodiments, when mounting points 106 are provided on the threaded inserts 66 of the corresponding pavement block 12 on the lower surface 54 or the base, the mounting base 44 can accommodate up to fourteen pavement blocks 12. The use of the threaded inserts 66 facilitates the installation and removal of the pavement blocks 12 on the substrate 46, thereby facilitating the maintenance and replacement of the pavement blocks 12. The number of pavement blocks 12 can be increased or decreased as needed, as long as the dimensions of the substrate 46 facilitate transportation and installation in the designated location.

[0091] Figure 19 The device includes a substrate 46 and a pavement block 12. Each corner of the lower surface 54 of the pavement block has two threaded inserts 66 for precise alignment with the corresponding pavement block mounting points 106 on the substrate 46. The pavement block 12 can be fixed to the substrate 46 using threaded fasteners 64.

[0092] Figure 20This is a perspective view of the paving blocks 12 mounted on the substrate 46. The overall permeability of the paving surface originates from the gaps (typically labeled 30) that allow groundwater to permeate beneath the paving system 10. In this embodiment, the gaps 30 may be filled with a permeable medium 28, thereby helping to maintain proper gap 30 and allowing moisture to pass between the paving blocks 12. In one embodiment of the invention, the gaps 30 may be provided such that the spacing is not a critical issue, as long as the size allows for moisture permeation and does not cause surface unevenness due to excessive spacing. However, regulatory requirements in some regions may specify a minimum or maximum spacing (e.g., 1 / 2 inch) between the paving blocks 12 to ensure a flat, easily accessible surface for wheelchair users. The gaps 30 may be filled with any amount of material to maintain the spacing.

[0093] The paving system can use volcanic ash filler (such as ROMEX® brand materials) or other suitable permeable mortar as the permeable medium 28. Alternatively, a single or multiple layers of gravel can be laid as the permeable medium 28. The gravel particle size may vary, so it can be laid in layers according to particle size: fine-sized gravel is used to maintain the gaps 30, and a layer of coarse-sized gravel is laid below. In this paving system 10, one or more layers of gravel or crushed stone can be placed under the wooden paving blocks 12, but it must be ensured that their particle size exceeds the gravel particle size of the permeable medium 28 layer by layer. In this paving system 10, one or more layers of underlayment 26 of varying sizes or pore sizes can also be placed under the substrate 46.

[0094] Figure 21 This is a top view of an embodiment in which a mounting block 12 is installed on a substrate 46. This embodiment utilizes both a sensor mounting block 12 and a blank mounting block 12. From this perspective, the gasket mounting point 108 and the pores 110 used to ensure water permeability are more clearly visible. Figure 22 for Figure 21 A perspective view of the illustrated embodiment. In a preferred embodiment, the substrate 46 includes at least one ground anchor 116 (preferably four) extending from the lower surface of the substrate 104. These ground anchors 116 are driven into the ground to prevent the structure assembled from the substrate 46 and the paving block 12 from moving forward or slipping on ramps or due to braking by heavy trucks.

[0095] If the paving blocks 12 are installed on the substrate 46, spacers 117 can be placed between the paving blocks 12 to ensure that the paving blocks 12 maintain a uniform spacing and to provide support for the drip irrigation pipes 24. Figure 23This is one embodiment of the gasket 117. One end of the gasket 117 preferably has a bracket 118 or a concave portion for receiving and supporting the drip irrigation pipe 24; the other end has multiple legs 120 or protrusions. These legs 120 are designed to mate with the gasket mounting points 108 of the substrate 46. The gasket 117 may be designed with a textured surface (i.e., a sandpaper-like texture) so that the wood flooring block 12 and the drip irrigation pipe 24 can be firmly secured through frictional bonding. Figure 24 and Figure 25 In the middle, the spacer 117 is disposed between the paving blocks 12 and mounted on the substrate 46.

[0096] Figure 26 In the side view, the gasket 117 is mounted on the base plate 46 between the two paving blocks 12 to provide support for the drip irrigation pipe 24. Figure 26 Examples of the water storage system 18 of the paving system 10 are also provided according to one or more embodiments. After rainwater permeates through the permeable medium 28 (not shown) between the paving blocks 12, it can be filtered, treated, and collected in the rainwater storage container 18, and then circulated back to the drip irrigation system 22 by a water pump 32 within the maintenance control unit 42. The filtered and treated rainwater can also be used for garden irrigation or other domestic and commercial water use (such as...). Figure 1 (As shown). Grey water can be collected from grey water sources such as sinks, shower rooms, and washing machines, and then collected in grey water storage container 18 after filtration and treatment. Grey water can also be pumped to drip irrigation system 22 for recycling via water pump 32 in maintenance control unit 42.

[0097] Specific embodiments and features have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the description is not limited to any single embodiment or any specific combination of features, and similar embodiments and features may also appear, or modifications and additions may be made without departing from the scope of the description and the spirit of the appended claims.

[0098] The invention disclosed in this application may be modified based on the foregoing "detailed description" and other modifications. While some embodiments of the invention have been described above, and the preferred mode of implementation has been introduced, this technical solution can still be implemented in many other ways, no matter how detailed the description. Specific implementation details of the system may differ significantly, but still fall within the scope of the invention disclosed herein. As mentioned above, specific terms used in describing certain features or aspects of this disclosure should not be construed as being given new definitions in this application, thus limiting them to certain characteristics, features, or aspects associated with these terms. Generally, the terms used in the following claims should not be interpreted as limiting this disclosure to the specific embodiments disclosed in the specification, unless such terms are explicitly defined in the foregoing "detailed description" section. Therefore, the actual scope of this disclosure covers not only the disclosed embodiments but also all equivalent ways of practicing or implementing this disclosure according to the claims.

[0099] Although certain embodiments of the invention have been described, these embodiments are presented by way of example only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Modifications and variations are possible within the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A paving system comprising the following components: A mounting base; Multiple interchangeable wooden paving blocks arranged in a specific pattern and fixed on a mounting base with gaps between them; A permeable medium laid between wooden paving blocks to fill the gaps between them; A drip irrigation system consisting of at least one water supply pipeline and multiple drippers arranged between wooden paving blocks and located inside a permeable medium; Under high-temperature conditions, a drip irrigation system can be activated to cool the paving system; and The water used during the operation of the drip irrigation system will be recycled back into the drip irrigation system for other uses.

2. The paving system of claim 1 has a water collector installed below the mounting base, the water collector being equipped with at least one water supply pipeline that is functionally connected to the drip irrigation system so that the water in the water collector is circulated back to the drip irrigation system.

3. The paving system of claim 1 is further equipped with a maintenance control unit consisting of the following components: At least one water pump is functionally connected to at least one water source for transporting water from the water source to the drip irrigation system; At least one filter that is functionally connected to the drip irrigation system; At least one air compressor is functionally connected to the drip irrigation system to supply air to the irrigation system; as well as At least one sensor is functionally connected to the drip irrigation system to monitor the maintenance status and safety of the drip irrigation system.

4. The paving system of claim 3 adds at least one grey water storage tank as a water source, so that grey water can be transported from the water source to the grey water storage tank through at least one water pipeline that is functionally connected to at least one grey water source, and then transported from the grey water storage tank to the drip irrigation system.

5. The paving system of claim 1, wherein at least one solar cell is embedded in at least one wooden paving block.

6. The paving system of claim 5, wherein at least one solar cell is arranged on a wedge-shaped block used to tilt the solar cell at a certain angle.

7. The paving system of claim 1 has at least one sensor embedded in at least one wooden paving block.

8. The paving system of claim 1, wherein at least one light source is embedded in at least one wooden paving block.

9. The paving system of claim 1, wherein at least one wooden paving block is fitted with a retaining ring to enhance the strength and durability of the paving block.

10. The paving system of claim 9 is equipped with steel retaining rings, which are heat-shrink treated to tightly wrap the paving blocks and are fixed in place by friction engagement.

11. The paving system of claim 1 is provided with interchangeable durable caps on some of the wooden paving blocks.

12. The paving system of claim 1 uses laminated wood to make wooden paving blocks.

13. The paving system of claim 1 uses untreated locust wood to make wooden paving blocks.

14. The paving system of claim 1 is equipped with at least one wooden paving block: A wooden base having an upper surface, a lower surface, multiple side walls, and a cavity located in the center of the upper surface of the wooden base; A durable cap is fixed to the upper surface of a wooden base, the upper surface of which forms the upper surface of the wooden paving block; A crack-resistant board fixed to the lower surface of the wooden base; and At least one technical component is arranged within the chamber and cap of the wooden paving block.

15. The paving system of claim 14 is equipped with the following technical components: A solar cell is installed inside the wooden-paved compartment. The wooden paving blocks are at least partially covered with a coating made of a reflective material; and A transparent covering layer is placed above the solar cells and inside the cap, flush with the top surface of the cap, thus creating a flat top surface for the wood paving blocks.

16. The paving system of claim 14 is equipped with the following technical components: An adjustable light source is installed inside the wooden paving block cavity; and A wire connecting the light source and the power source.

17. The paving system of claim 14 is equipped with the following technical components: A sensor is installed inside the cavity of the wooden paving block; The interior of the wooden paving block cavity is coated with a waterproof liner having at least one drainage hole; and The upper surface of the wooden paving block cap has multiple slots; and A mesh material is arranged between the sensor and the grooved surface of the wooden paving block cap.

18. The paving system of claim 1 is equipped with an installation base that includes: At least one rigid substrate with multiple water-permeable holes; Multiple gaskets are used to maintain the gaps, and the gaskets are designed to provide support for at least one water delivery line of the drip irrigation system; The above substrate is enhanced with: Multiple paving block installation points; Multiple gasket mounting points; as well as At least one ground anchor extending from the substrate.

19. A paving system comprising the following components: A mounting base made of a rigid substrate; Multiple wooden paving blocks arranged in a specific pattern and fixed on the mounting base with gaps between them; A permeable medium laid between wooden paving blocks to fill the gaps between them; A drip irrigation system arranged between wooden paving blocks and inside the permeable medium; as well as Some of the wood paving blocks contain a combination of at least two embedded technology components.

20. A method for constructing a self-sustaining solar paving system, comprising the following steps: The wooden paving blocks are arranged relative to each other on the mounting base in a specific pattern, with gaps between them; Use a permeable medium to fill the gaps between the wooden paving blocks; Install a drip irrigation system in the gaps between the wooden paving blocks; Install a groundwater collector and connect it to the drip irrigation system. Groundwater is circulated back to the drip irrigation system through a water collector; Solar cells are arranged in at least a portion of the wooden paving blocks, and the solar cells are functionally connected to a central battery; Technical components are incorporated into at least some of the wood paving blocks, thereby enabling these components to be functionally connected to a central battery and driven by electricity generated by solar cells.

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