Method for preventing and controlling nematodes through combination of pepper straw smashing and high-temperature greenhouse closing

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of green prevention and control of agricultural diseases and insect pests, in particular to a method for preventing and controlling nematodes by combining pepper straw smashing with high-temperature greenhouse closing. S2, uniformly spreading the crushed straws on the ground surface of the treatment area; s3, soil turning treatment is carried out; s4, performing watering treatment on the straw mixing layer; s5, carrying out sealing treatment to form a fermentation area; s6, after sealing is relieved, ventilation and airing treatment is conducted, and an air-conditioning recovery layer is formed; s7, economic crops are planted in the controlled atmosphere recovery layer, and crop root systems are treated before transplanting; and S8, detecting the number of the nematodes to form a nematode detection report. According to the method disclosed by the invention, a synergistic prevention and control path integrating straw optimization treatment, high-temperature closed fermentation and microbial rhizosphere regulation and control is constructed, so that effective inhibition of the root-knot nematodes and synchronous restoration of the soil ecological environment are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of green prevention and control technology for agricultural pests and diseases, and in particular to a method for controlling nematodes by combining the crushing of pepper stalks with high-temperature fumigation. Background Technology

[0002] In facility agriculture and crop rotation systems, the persistent high incidence of soil-borne diseases such as root-knot nematodes has become one of the main obstacles restricting the stability of crop yield and quality. Traditional nematode control methods mainly rely on chemical fumigation, which can suppress nematode population density in the short term, but long-term reliance on it leads to soil structure deterioration, disorder of beneficial microbial communities, and increased risk of residues, seriously affecting agricultural ecological security. In the context of green transformation of agriculture, the gradual promotion of soil biological fumigation technology based on organic resources has become an important direction for the sustainable control of pests and diseases. A large amount of straw resources are generated during the planting of Sichuan pepper. If it can be effectively returned to the field and combined with appropriate environmental regulation, it is expected to achieve multiple goals of pest control, efficiency enhancement, and resource recycling.

[0003] However, existing straw return to the field and high-temperature fumigation technologies face several key technical bottlenecks in application: on the one hand, improper control of straw particle size leads to low decomposition efficiency, making it difficult to release effective volatile active substances within a limited time; on the other hand, the lack of standardized procedures for humidity regulation and the construction of a sealed environment results in substandard fermentation temperatures and large fluctuations in insecticidal effects; simultaneously, the lack of systematic intervention in the root microecology before crop transplanting easily leads to pathogen reinfection. These problems limit the effectiveness of biological fumigation programs. Therefore, a method combining Sichuan pepper straw crushing with high-temperature fumigation for nematode control is urgently needed to solve these problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a method for controlling nematodes by combining pepper straw crushing with high-temperature fumigation.

[0005] A method for controlling nematodes by combining pepper stalk crushing with high-temperature fumigation includes the following steps: S1: The stalks of Sichuan pepper after harvesting are crushed to form target crushed stalks; S2: Evenly spread the crushed straw of the target area on the surface of the treatment area, and apply a composting agent to form a mixing area; S3: Turn over the soil in the area to be mixed to fully mix the crushed straw with the soil and form a straw mixture layer; S4: Water the straw mixture layer to adjust soil moisture and form a high-moisture mixture layer; S5: The high-humidity mixed layer area is sealed off, and a high-temperature fermentation environment is formed by using a sealed covering structure, and the sealed state is maintained until the fermentation area is formed. S6: After unsealing, the fermentation area is ventilated and dried to form a controlled atmosphere recovery layer; S7: Plant economic crops in the controlled atmosphere recovery layer and treat the crop roots with microbial treatment before transplanting to form a mycorrhizal synergistic system; S8: Detect the number of nematodes in the rhizosphere soil of the mycorrhizal synergistic system to generate a nematode detection report.

[0006] Optionally, S1 specifically includes: S11: After harvesting, the pepper stalks are screened to remove impurities and pre-dried. They are then placed in a hot air circulation environment and dried at 40℃~50℃ for 4~6 hours to control the initial moisture content of the stalks at 8%~12%. S12: The pre-treated pepper straw is fed into a roller crushing device equipped with a directional limiting mechanism, and the blades are rotated at 800-1200 r / min for coarse crushing to make the straw length less than 2 cm. S13: The coarsely crushed straw is removed by a vibrating screening system with a screen diameter of 10-15mm to remove the fragments, and fine powder with a particle size of less than 0.1cm is removed by an air separation device; S14: The screened straw is fed into a shear-type crushing device, and a secondary crushing is performed using a cutter head speed of 1200-1600 r / min to control the final particle size to 0.5-1.0 cm, forming the target crushed straw.

[0007] Optionally, S2 specifically includes: S21: Weigh and distribute the target crushed straw according to the application rate of 360-630 kg per mu; S22: Use mechanical spreading equipment to evenly spread the crushed straw of the target area on the ground surface. The spreading width is controlled at 1.2 to 1.8 m and the traveling speed is 0.5 to 1.0 m / s. S23: Select an enzyme-catalyzed composting agent or a microbial composting agent; dissolve 300-600g of composting agent per acre in 10-20L of clean water, and spray it evenly on the application area using a pressure spraying device to form a mixing area.

[0008] Optionally, S3 specifically includes: S31: The area to be mixed after the composting agent has been sprayed is designated as the target area for the operation; S32: Tillage is carried out using tracked tillage machinery equipped with vertical rotary tillage blades, with the tillage depth controlled between 15 and 25 cm. S33: Adjust the rotation speed of the rotary tiller blades to 180-250 r / min, and set the machine travel speed to 0.3-0.6 m / s; S34: After the tillage operation is completed, a uniform straw mixture layer is formed in the topsoil.

[0009] Optionally, S4 specifically includes: S41: Select the existing straw mixture layer as the watering area; S42: Use a mobile sprinkler system for surface spraying, with the nozzle spraying pressure set to 0.25MPa~0.35MPa and the spray width controlled between 2.0 and 3.5m; S43: Control the water consumption per unit area to be between 18 and 24 m³ / mu; S44: Monitor soil moisture at a depth of 15cm in the tillage layer, and control the soil moisture content to reach 85% to 95% of field capacity to form a high-moisture mixed layer.

[0010] Optionally, S5 specifically includes: S51: Select the high-humidity mixing layer area that has been conditioned as the target area for closure; S52: Set up arched cold frame supports in the area, with a spacing of 0.8 to 1.2m and a frame height of not less than 1.8m; S53: Cover the support frame with a black polyethylene film with a light transmittance of less than 10% and a thickness of 0.03 to 0.06 mm, and use the method of covering the edges with soil and compacting it to achieve full-area airtight coverage; S54: Maintain a closed state continuously for 20-30 days, and control the daily average temperature to be stable at 30-35℃, so as to form a high-temperature fermentation environment and transform it into a fermentation zone.

[0011] Optionally, S6 specifically includes: S61: After the closed treatment has reached the set time, the covering membrane structure is completely removed, exposing the fermentation area to the external environment. S62: After removing the cover, continue natural ventilation during the day for 3 to 5 days, with 8 to 10 hours of ventilation per day; S63: During the drying period, maintain the air velocity in the surface ventilation layer at 1.0 to 2.5 m / s until it drops to 55% to 70% of the field water holding capacity, in order to form a controlled atmosphere recovery layer.

[0012] Optionally, S7 specifically includes: S71: Select economic crop seedlings before transplanting as the target for root treatment; S72: Select a microbial preparation using *Paecilomyces lilacinus* HMZ-8 or *Trichoderma harzianum* T-22 as the active bacterial source, and prepare a bacterial suspension with a concentration of 1×10⁻⁶. 8 cfu / mL; S73: Dilute the fungicide with clean water at a dosage of 3-5 kg ​​per acre, 10-20 times, to prepare a root soaking solution; S74: Completely immerse the crop roots in the root soaking solution for 10-20 minutes. Immediately after completing the mycorrhizal pretreatment, transplant the crop into the controlled atmosphere recovery layer.

[0013] Optionally, S8 specifically includes: S81: Soil samples were taken from the root zone of economic crops 15–30 days after the formation of the mycorrhizal synergistic system, with the sampling depth controlled at 10–20 cm. S82: At least 5 sampling points shall be evenly distributed within each acre, and representative root zone soil samples shall be obtained using the five-point quincunx sampling method. S83: Take 100g of soil sample from each collected point and use the funnel method to separate nematodes. The static extraction time is controlled to be 36h. S84: The number of individual nematodes in each filtrate sample is manually counted under a microscope and converted into the standard unit of "nematodes / 100g dry soil" according to the extraction volume, generating a nematode detection report including the average density.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention constructs a high-temperature biological fumigation system centered on Sichuan pepper straw, systematically integrating key aspects such as straw particle size control, humidity regulation, sealed fermentation, ventilation and drying, and mycorrhizal microecological construction. This achieves synergistic regulation of straw decomposition dynamics and environmental insect-suppressing conditions. Through parameter linkage and technical integration between each step, it can effectively control the number of root-knot nematodes in the soil without relying on chemical agents, and provide a stable and controllable growth substrate for crop roots. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only for this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a nematode control method according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should also be noted that, to make the embodiments more comprehensive, the following embodiments are the best and preferred embodiments, and those skilled in the art can use other alternative methods to implement some well-known technologies; moreover, the accompanying drawings are only for more specific description of the embodiments and are not intended to specifically limit the present invention.

[0018] It should be noted that the use of terms such as "an embodiment," "an embodiment," "an exemplary embodiment," and "some embodiments" in the specification indicates that the described embodiment may include a specific feature, structure, or characteristic, but not every embodiment necessarily includes that specific feature, structure, or characteristic. Furthermore, when a specific feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, implementing such a feature, structure, or characteristic in conjunction with other embodiments (whether explicitly described or not) should be within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.

[0019] Generally, terms can be understood at least partly from their use in context. For example, depending at least partly on the context, the term "one or more" as used herein can be used to describe any feature, structure, or characteristic in a singular sense, or a combination of features, structures, or characteristics in a plural sense. Additionally, the term "based on" can be understood not necessarily to convey an exclusive set of factors, but rather, alternatively, depending at least partly on the context, to allow for the presence of other factors that are not necessarily explicitly described.

[0020] Example 1 like Figure 1 As shown, a method for controlling nematodes by combining pepper stalk crushing with high-temperature fumigation includes the following steps: S1: The stalks of Sichuan pepper after harvesting are crushed to form target crushed stalks; S2: Evenly spread the crushed straw of the target area on the surface of the treatment area, and apply a composting agent to form a mixing area; S3: Turn over the soil in the area to be mixed to fully mix the crushed straw with the soil and form a straw mixture layer; S4: Water the straw mixture layer to adjust soil moisture and form a high-moisture mixture layer; S5: The high-humidity mixed layer area is sealed off, and a high-temperature fermentation environment is formed by using a sealed covering structure, and the sealed state is maintained until the fermentation area is formed. S6: After unsealing, the fermentation area is ventilated and dried to form a controlled atmosphere recovery layer; S7: Plant economic crops in the controlled atmosphere recovery layer and treat the crop roots with microbial treatment before transplanting to form a mycorrhizal synergistic system; S8: Detect the number of nematodes in the rhizosphere soil of the mycorrhizal synergistic system to generate a nematode detection report.

[0021] S1 specifically includes: S11: After harvesting, the pepper stalks are screened to remove impurities and pre-dried. They are then placed in a hot air circulation environment and dried at 45℃ for 5 hours to control the initial moisture content of the stalks to 10%. S12: The pre-treated pepper straw is fed into a roller crushing device equipped with a directional limiting mechanism, and coarsely crushed once using a blade speed of 1000r / min to make the straw length less than 2cm. S13: The coarsely crushed straw is removed by a vibrating screening system with a screen diameter of 12mm to remove the fragments, and fine powder with a particle size of less than 0.1cm is removed by an air separation device; S14: The screened straw is fed into a shear-type crushing device, and a secondary crushing is performed using a cutter head speed of 1400 r / min to control the final particle size at 0.7 cm, forming the target crushed straw.

[0022] S2 specifically includes: S21: Weigh and distribute the target crushed straw according to an application rate of 450 kg per mu; S22: Use mechanical spreading equipment to evenly spread the crushed straw of the target area on the ground surface, with the spreading width controlled at 1.5m and the traveling speed at 0.8m / s; S23: Select an enzyme-catalyzed composting agent; dissolve 400g of composting agent per acre in 15L of clean water, and spray it evenly on the application area using a pressure spraying device to form a mixing area.

[0023] S3 specifically includes: S31: The area to be mixed after the composting agent has been sprayed is designated as the target area for the operation; S32: The tillage operation is carried out using a tracked tillage machine equipped with vertical rotary tillage blades, and the tillage depth is controlled at 20cm. S33: Adjust the rotation speed of the rotary tiller blades to 200 r / min and set the operating machine travel speed to 0.5 m / s to achieve uniform mixing of the target crushed straw and soil in the vertical profile; S34: After the tillage operation is completed, a uniform straw mixture layer is formed in the topsoil structure for use in subsequent moisture regulation steps.

[0024] S4 specifically includes: S41: Select the existing straw mixture layer as the watering area; S42: Surface spraying operations are carried out using a mobile sprinkler irrigation machine, with the nozzle spraying pressure set to 0.3MPa and the spray width controlled at 3.0m; S43: Control the water consumption per unit area to 22m³ / mu, and penetrate layer by layer through segmented spraying; S44: Monitor soil moisture at a depth of 15cm in the tillage layer, and control the soil moisture content to reach 90% of field capacity to form a high-moisture mixed layer.

[0025] S5 specifically includes: S51: Select the high-humidity mixing layer area that has been conditioned as the target area for closure; S52: Set up arched cold frame supports in the area, with a spacing of 1.0m and a frame height of not less than 1.8m; S53: Cover the support frame with a black polyethylene film with a light transmittance of less than 10% and a thickness of 0.05mm, and use the method of covering the edges with soil and compacting it to achieve full-area airtight coverage; S54: Maintain a closed state continuously for 25 days, and control the average daily temperature to be stable at 33℃ in order to create a high-temperature fermentation environment and transform it into a fermentation zone.

[0026] S6 specifically includes: S61: After the closed treatment has reached the set time, the covering membrane structure is completely removed, exposing the fermentation area to the external environment. S62: After removing the cover, allow continuous natural ventilation during the day for 4 days, with 9 hours of ventilation per day; S63: During the drying period, maintain the air velocity in the surface ventilation layer at 2.0 m / s until it drops to 60% of the field water holding capacity to form a controlled atmosphere recovery layer.

[0027] S7 specifically includes: S71: Select economic crop seedlings before transplanting as the target for root treatment; S72: Select a microbial preparation using *Paecilomyces lilacinus* HMZ-8 as the active bacterial source, and prepare a bacterial suspension with a concentration of 1×10⁻⁶. 8 cfu / mL; S73: Dilute the fungicide with water at a dosage of 4 kg per acre, and dilute 15 times to prepare a root soaking solution; S74: Completely immerse the crop roots in the root soaking solution for 15 minutes. Immediately after completing the mycorrhizal pretreatment, transplant the crop into the controlled atmosphere recovery layer.

[0028] S8 specifically includes: S81: Soil samples were taken from the root zone of economic crops 20 days after the formation of the mycorrhizal synergistic system, with the sampling depth controlled at 15 cm. S82: At least 5 sampling points shall be evenly distributed within each acre, and representative root zone soil samples shall be obtained using the five-point quincunx sampling method. S83: Take 100g of soil sample from each collected point and use the funnel method to separate nematodes. The static extraction time is controlled to be 36h. S84: The number of individual nematodes in each filtrate sample is manually counted under a microscope, and the nematode density is calculated to be 450 nematodes / 100g dry soil. A nematode detection report including the average density is generated.

[0029] Example 2 S1: After harvesting the pepper stalks, remove impurities by sieving and dry them in hot air at 40℃ for 4 hours, controlling the moisture content to 8%. Then, coarsely crush them at 800r / min to make the stalk length less than 2cm. Remove the remaining segments and fine particles less than 0.1cm by passing them through a 10mm sieve and air separation. Then, perform secondary shearing and crushing at 1200r / min to control the final particle size to 0.5cm, obtaining the target crushed stalks.

[0030] S2: Weigh 360 kg / mu of target crushed straw and spread it evenly using a spreader with a spreading width of 1.2 m and a traveling speed of 0.5 m / s; prepare 300 g / mu of microbial composting agent in 10 L of clean water and spray it onto the spreading area through a spraying device to complete the construction of the mixing area; S3: Use a tracked tiller with a rotary tillage depth of 15cm, a blade speed of 180r / min, and a travel speed of 0.3m / s to till the soil in the area to be mixed, mix the straw and soil evenly, and form a uniformly structured straw mixture layer. S4: Surface irrigation is carried out using sprinkler irrigation equipment with a spray width of 2.5m and a spray pressure of 0.25MPa, with a water volume of 18m³ per mu; the moisture content of the tilled layer at a depth of 15cm reaches 85% of the field water holding capacity, forming a high-humidity mixed layer; S5: Construct a cold shed structure with a height of 2.0m and a support spacing of 0.8m, cover it with a black polyethylene film with a thickness of 0.03mm and a light transmittance of <10%, cover it with soil and seal the edges, keep it sealed for 20 days, control the average daily temperature at 30℃, form a high-temperature fermentation environment, and complete the construction of the fermentation area; S6: After removing the covering film, allow the soil to air dry and ventilate for 3 consecutive days, ventilating for 8 hours a day, with the surface wind speed controlled at 1.0 m / s, and the soil moisture content reduced to 55%, forming a controlled atmosphere recovery layer; S7: Select pepper seedlings before transplanting, using 1×10 8 A root soaking solution was prepared by diluting Trichoderma harzianum T-22 bacterial solution at a concentration of 3 kg / mu (approximately 0.067 hectares) 10 times with 3 kg of the bacterial agent. After soaking the roots for 10 minutes, the roots were immediately planted in the controlled atmosphere recovery layer to establish a mycorrhizal synergistic system. S8: 15 days after planting, 5 sampling points were set up at a depth of 10cm in the root zone. 100g of soil sample was collected at each point. Nematodes were separated by the funnel method. After 36 hours of extraction, they were manually counted under a microscope. The calculated nematode density was 450 nematodes / 100g dry soil. A nematode detection report was generated.

[0031] Example 3 S1: After harvesting the pepper stalks, remove impurities by sieving and dry them in hot air at 50℃ for 5 hours, controlling the moisture content to 12%. Then, coarsely crush them at 1200r / min to make the stalk length less than 2cm. Remove the remaining segments and fine particles less than 0.1cm by 15mm sieve and air separation. Then, perform secondary shearing and crushing at 1600r / min to control the final particle size to 1.0cm, obtaining the target crushed stalks.

[0032] S2: Weigh 630 kg / mu of target crushed straw and spread it evenly using a spreader with a spreading width of 1.8 m and a traveling speed of 1.0 m / s; prepare 600 g / mu of enzyme-catalyzed composting agent in 20 L of clean water and spray it onto the spreading area through a spraying device to complete the construction of the mixing area; S3: Use a tracked tiller with a rotary tillage depth of 25cm, a blade speed of 250r / min, and a travel speed of 0.6m / s to till the soil in the area to be mixed, mix the straw and soil evenly, and form a uniformly structured straw mixture layer. S4: Surface irrigation is carried out using sprinkler irrigation equipment with a spray width of 3.5m and a spray pressure of 0.35MPa, with a water volume of 24m³ per acre; the moisture content of the tilled layer at a depth of 15cm reaches 95% of the field capacity, forming a high-humidity mixed layer; S5: Construct a cold shed structure with a height of 2.0m and a support spacing of 1.2m, cover it with a black polyethylene film with a thickness of 0.06mm and a light transmittance of <10%, cover it with soil and seal the edges, maintain the seal for 30 days, control the average daily temperature at 35℃, form a high-temperature fermentation environment, and complete the construction of the fermentation area; S6: After removing the covering film, allow the soil to air dry and ventilate for 5 consecutive days, ventilating for 10 hours a day, with the surface wind speed controlled at 2.5 m / s, and the soil moisture content reduced to 70%, forming a controlled atmosphere recovery layer; S7: Select pepper seedlings before transplanting, using 1×10 8 A root soaking solution was prepared by diluting the *Paecilomyces lilacinus* HMZ-8 bacterial solution (cfu / mL) 20 times at a rate of 5 kg of bacterial agent per acre. After soaking the roots for 20 minutes, the roots were immediately planted in the controlled atmosphere recovery layer to establish a mycorrhizal synergistic system. S8: 30 days after planting, 5 sampling points were set up at a depth of 20cm in the root zone. 100g of soil sample was collected at each point. Nematodes were separated by the funnel method. After 36 hours of extraction, they were manually counted under a microscope. The calculated nematode density was 513 nematodes / 100g dry soil, and a nematode detection report was generated.

[0033] Comparative Example 1 Objective: To verify the effect of straw particle size exceeding 1.0 cm (i.e., exceeding the upper limit of the technical range) on the nematode suppression effect; S1: Dry under 45℃ hot air conditions for 5 hours, with the moisture content controlled at 10%. The coarse crushing speed is 1000 r / min, and the length is <2cm. After removing the residue through a 12mm sieve and air classification, it is subjected to secondary crushing at a cutter head speed of 1400 r / min, and the final particle size is set to 1.5cm. S2~S8: All are the same as in Example 1 (straw return to the field amount 450kg / mu, composting agent 400g / mu, tilling depth 20cm, water volume 22m³). 3 / mu, fermentation for 25 days, bacterial concentration 1×10 8 (cfu / mL, root soaking for 15 min, 5 detection points) Test results: The nematode density was 611 nematodes / 100g dry soil.

[0034] Conclusion: Excessively large particle size leads to slow decomposition and insufficient heat release, affecting fermentation temperature rise and high-temperature insecticidal effect.

[0035] Comparative Example 2 Objective: To verify whether returning straw to the field at a rate exceeding 630 kg / mu (i.e., exceeding the upper limit of the technical range) causes adverse effects; S1: The process is carried out according to Example 2, and the particle size is controlled to be 0.5cm; S2: Set the target amount of crushed straw to 750 kg / mu; decomposing agent 300 g / mu, dissolved in 10 L of water, spread over a width of 1.2 m, and travel speed of 0.5 m / s; S3~S8: Consistent with Example 2 (15cm soil turning, 18m³ / mu water volume, 20 days of fermentation, 10min root soaking in bacterial solution, 5 sampling points, 10cm detection depth). Test results (S8): Nematode density was 708 nematodes / 100g dry soil.

[0036] Conclusion: Excessive straw that is not fully decomposed creates a localized low-oxygen environment, reducing the effectiveness of pest control and even promoting the reproduction of some pests.

[0037] Comparative Example 3 Objective: To verify the dual negative effects of excessively fine straw crushing and insufficient straw return to the field; S1: Dry at 50℃ for 5 hours, controlling the moisture content to 12%; coarse crushing speed 1200r / min, length <2cm, after passing through a 15mm sieve and air classification, the secondary crushing particle size is set to 0.3cm; S2: Reduce the application rate of composting agent to 300 kg / mu, which is lower than the set lower limit of 360 kg / mu; the other parameters are the same as in Example 3 (600 g / mu of composting agent, 20 L of water sprayed). S3~S8: Keep the same as in Example 3 (till the soil 25cm, water volume 24m³ / mu, fermentation 30d, root soaking in bacterial solution for 20min, detection depth 20cm). Test results (S8): Nematode density was 586 nematodes / 100g dry soil.

[0038] Conclusion: Excessively fine particle size easily compacts the soil, affecting aeration and resulting in insufficient heat accumulation; too low a return-to-field amount leads to insufficient heat supply for fermentation and a decrease in overall insect-suppressing ability.

[0039] Table 1 Comparison of Performance Parameters As can be seen from Table 1 above, Example 1, using medium-sized straw (0.7cm) and a moderate application rate (450kg / mu), achieved a coordinated balance between tillage uniformity, fermentation temperature, and soil moisture, resulting in a significant nematode suppression effect with a density of only 350 nematodes / 100g dry soil, demonstrating the best performance. In Comparative Example 1, the straw particle size exceeded 1.5cm, causing delayed degradation and insufficient heat accumulation, resulting in insufficient temperature rise and a nematode density as high as 611 nematodes / 100g dry soil. In Comparative Example 2, the application rate reached 750kg / mu, which was severely excessive, leading to poor aeration, decreased fermentation efficiency, and a nematode density of 708 nematodes / 100g dry soil. Comparative Example 3 used the extreme combination of 0.3cm particle size and 300kg / mu application rate. Although the initial heat rise was relatively fast, the soil compaction was severe, and the water retention time was too long, ultimately resulting in unsatisfactory nematode suppression.

[0040] Table 2 Comparison of other performance aspects As shown in Table 2 above, Example 1 reached a high temperature plateau of 52.4°C on the 5th day, with a C / N ratio decrease of 43.5% and a residual organic matter ratio of only 17.6%, indicating high fermentation efficiency and facilitating the rapid formation of an insect-suppressing environment. Compared with other groups, Example 1 increased the pH by 0.3 units, which was significantly better than Comparative Example 2 (which showed acidification). Meanwhile, soluble nutrients increased by 32.8%, which is beneficial to the supply of nutrients in the rhizosphere of crops. In Example 1, the beneficial microorganisms increased by as much as 4.7 times, and the proportion of antagonistic fungi was 6.3%, which established a more complete rhizosphere microecological barrier and had a synergistic effect on inhibiting nematodes and fungal pathogens. The control groups generally performed poorly: especially Control Example 2 (excessive application) and Control Example 1 (excessive particle size), the fermentation temperature rose slowly, the nutrient release was hindered, and the microecological structure was poorly restored, which was significantly weaker than the Example. At the same time, Example 1 had the lowest incidence rate (2.8%), which verified the synergistic effect of high temperature fermentation, appropriate straw particle size and rhizosphere microbial treatment, and constructed an effective "heat barrier + fungal barrier" to inhibit the spread of nematodes and related root pathogens. Control Example 2 had the highest incidence rate (13.6%), indicating that excessive return to the field under the condition of redox imbalance actually breeds pathogenic microorganisms and destroys the rhizosphere microecology. Although Example 2 and Example 3 had certain disease prevention effects, they were still inferior because the parameters did not reach the optimal combination. In particular, Example 3 had an incidence rate of 6.7% due to large particle size and more decomposed residue.

[0041] In summary, Example 1 achieved the highest fermentation efficiency, the strongest microbial gain effect, and the lowest nematode density and incidence rate through synergistic optimization of straw particle size, return amount, fermentation parameters, and rhizosphere treatment, demonstrating the best overall performance.

[0042] This invention encompasses any substitutions, modifications, equivalent methods, and solutions made within the spirit and scope of this invention. To provide the public with a thorough understanding of this invention, specific details are described in detail in the following preferred embodiments; however, those skilled in the art will fully understand the invention even without these details.

[0043] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for controlling nematodes by combining the crushing of Sichuan pepper stalks with high-temperature fumigation, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: The stalks of Sichuan pepper after harvesting are crushed to form target crushed stalks; S2: Evenly spread the crushed straw of the target area on the surface of the treatment area, and apply a composting agent to form a mixing area; S3: Turn over the soil in the area to be mixed to fully mix the crushed straw with the soil and form a straw mixture layer; S4: Water the straw mixture layer to adjust soil moisture and form a high-moisture mixture layer; S5: The high-humidity mixed layer area is sealed off, and a high-temperature fermentation environment is formed by using a sealed covering structure, and the sealed state is maintained until the fermentation area is formed. S6: After unsealing, the fermentation area is ventilated and dried to form a controlled atmosphere recovery layer; S7: Plant economic crops in the controlled atmosphere recovery layer and treat the crop roots with microbial treatment before transplanting to form a mycorrhizal synergistic system; S8: Detect the number of nematodes in the rhizosphere soil of the mycorrhizal synergistic system to generate a nematode detection report.

2. The method for controlling nematodes by crushing pepper straw and using high-temperature fumigation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, S1 specifically includes: S11: After harvesting, the pepper stalks are screened to remove impurities and pre-dried. They are then placed in a hot air circulation environment and dried at 40-50℃ for 4-6 hours to control the initial moisture content of the stalks at 8%-12%. S12: The pre-treated pepper straw is fed into a roller crushing device equipped with a directional limiting mechanism, and the blades are rotated at 800-1200 r / min for coarse crushing to make the straw length less than 2 cm. S13: The coarsely crushed straw is removed by a vibrating screening system with a screen diameter of 10-15mm to remove the fragments, and fine powder with a particle size of less than 0.1cm is removed by an air separation device; S14: The screened straw is fed into a shear-type crushing device, and a secondary crushing is performed using a cutter head speed of 1200-1600 r / min to control the final particle size to 0.5-1.0 cm, forming the target crushed straw.

3. The method for controlling nematodes by crushing pepper straw and using high-temperature fumigation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, S2 specifically includes: S21: Weigh and distribute the target crushed straw according to the application rate of 360-630 kg per mu; S22: Use mechanical spreading equipment to evenly spread the crushed straw of the target area on the ground surface. The spreading width is controlled at 1.2 to 1.8 m and the traveling speed is 0.5 to 1.0 m / s. S23: Select an enzyme-catalyzed composting agent or a microbial composting agent; dissolve 300g to 600g of composting agent per acre in 10 to 20L of clean water, and spray it evenly on the application area using a pressure spraying device to form a mixing area.

4. The method for controlling nematodes by crushing pepper stalks combined with high-temperature fumigation according to claim 1, characterized in that, S3 specifically includes: S31: The area to be mixed after the composting agent has been sprayed is designated as the target area for the operation; S32: Tillage is carried out using tracked tillage machinery equipped with vertical rotary tillage blades, with the tillage depth controlled between 15 and 25 cm. S33: Adjust the rotation speed of the rotary tiller blades to 180-250 r / min, and set the machine travel speed to 0.3-0.6 m / s; S34: After the tillage operation is completed, a uniform straw mixture layer is formed in the topsoil.

5. The method for controlling nematodes by crushing pepper stalks combined with high-temperature fumigation according to claim 1, characterized in that, S4 specifically includes: S41: Select the existing straw mixture layer as the watering area; S42: Use a mobile sprinkler system for surface spraying, with the nozzle spraying pressure set to 0.25MPa~0.35MPa and the spray width controlled between 2.0 and 3.5m; S43: Control the water consumption per unit area to be between 18 and 24 m³ / mu; S44: Monitor soil moisture at a depth of 15cm in the tillage layer, and control the soil moisture content to reach 85% to 95% of field capacity to form a high-moisture mixed layer.

6. The method for controlling nematodes by crushing pepper straw and combining it with high-temperature fumigation according to claim 1, characterized in that, S5 specifically includes: S51: Select the high-humidity mixing layer area that has been conditioned as the target area for closure; S52: Set up arched cold frame supports in the area, with a spacing of 0.8 to 1.2m and a frame height of not less than 1.8m; S53: Cover the support frame with a black polyethylene film with a light transmittance of less than 10% and a thickness of 0.03 to 0.06 mm, and use the method of covering the edges with soil and compacting it to achieve full-area airtight coverage; S54: Maintain a closed state continuously for 20-30 days, and control the daily average temperature to be stable at 30-35℃, so as to form a high-temperature fermentation environment and transform it into a fermentation zone.

7. The method for controlling nematodes by crushing pepper stalks combined with high-temperature fumigation according to claim 1, characterized in that, S6 specifically includes: S61: After the closed treatment has reached the set time, the covering membrane structure is completely removed, exposing the fermentation area to the external environment. S62: After removing the cover, continue natural ventilation during the day for 3 to 5 days, with 8 to 10 hours of ventilation per day; S63: During the drying period, maintain the air velocity in the surface ventilation layer at 1.0 to 2.5 m / s until it drops to 55% to 70% of the field water holding capacity, in order to form a controlled atmosphere recovery layer.

8. The method for controlling nematodes by crushing pepper straw and using high-temperature fumigation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Specifically, S7 includes: S71: Select economic crop seedlings before transplanting as the target for root treatment; S72: Select a microbial preparation using *Paecilomyces lilacinus* HMZ-8 or *Trichoderma harzianum* T-22 as the active bacterial source, and prepare a bacterial suspension with a concentration of 1×10⁻⁶. 8 cfu / mL; S73: Dilute the fungicide with clean water at a dosage of 3-5 kg ​​per acre, 10-20 times, to prepare a root soaking solution; S74: Completely immerse the crop roots in the root soaking solution for 10-20 minutes. Immediately after completing the mycorrhizal pretreatment, transplant the crop into the controlled atmosphere recovery layer.

9. The method for controlling nematodes by crushing pepper stalks combined with high-temperature fumigation according to claim 1, characterized in that, S8 specifically includes: S81: Soil samples were taken from the root zone of economic crops 15–30 days after the formation of the mycorrhizal synergistic system, with the sampling depth controlled at 10–20 cm. S82: At least 5 sampling points shall be evenly distributed within each acre, and representative root zone soil samples shall be obtained using the five-point quincunx sampling method. S83: Take 100g of soil sample from each collected point and use the funnel method to separate nematodes. The static extraction time is controlled to be 36h. S84: The number of individual nematodes in each filtrate sample is manually counted under a microscope and converted into the standard unit of "nematodes / 100g dry soil" according to the extraction volume, generating a nematode detection report including the average density.

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