Sowing device and sowing method for whole-stalk full-coverage field

Abstract

The invention provides a seeding device for a whole-stalk full-coverage field, which comprises a large frame, a fertilizer box mechanism, a plurality of seed box mechanisms, an earthing press wheel and a driving wheel, and also comprises a ditching unit which is mounted on the large frame or a profiling frame and comprises a mounting frame, a press wheel and a cutting mechanism, and the rear end of the lower part of the mounting frame is rotatably connected with the cutting mechanism and the press wheel. The cutting mechanism is a rotating body with the periphery provided with a V-shaped cutting part, a cutting blade is arranged at the top end of the V-shaped cutting part, the pressing wheel is located on the outer side of the cutting mechanism, and an included angle is formed between the pressing wheel and the ground. Therefore, the seeding problem in the whole-stalk full-coverage technology is fundamentally solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural machinery, and relates to a sowing device and sowing method for fields with full stalk coverage. Background Technology

[0002] Crop straw is an excellent source of organic fertilizer and surface mulch. Returning straw to the field is an important technique and measure for improving soil fertility and increasing soil organic matter content. Straw mulching can effectively reduce soil wind and water erosion, efficiently retain soil moisture, and significantly improve soil drought resistance. It is also an important dryland farming technique and measure. By first mulching straw and then returning it to the field, it not only achieves the purpose of returning straw to the field to improve soil fertility but also realizes the functions of water retention, moisture conservation, and soil protection. It is the most ideal technical measure for dryland agriculture. In particular, whole-stalk mulching not only has a good effect on water retention, moisture conservation, and soil protection but also requires fewer field operations, saves energy and money, reduces production costs, and reduces straw loss. In production, the common practice is to directly return crushed straw to the field through soil tillage. However, this method is not conducive to water retention and soil conservation, and it is cumbersome, energy-intensive, time-consuming, and requires a large investment. Whole straw mulching involves harvesting only the ears of crops and leaving the entire straw to cover the ground year-round. Crushing and tillage are carried out every 3-5 years. Although whole straw mulching is the most ideal dryland farming technique, it poses a huge challenge to subsequent sowing and fertilization operations. Long straw can easily entangle and clog the seeder, making sowing impossible.

[0003] The advantages of whole-stalk mulching are: 1. Excellent water retention and soil conservation: The whole stalks freely cover the ground, forming a dense and loose mulch layer on the soil surface. This mulch effectively prevents rainwater runoff, significantly reducing water retention and soil moisture loss. It also blocks direct sunlight from reaching the soil surface, significantly slowing down the rate of soil moisture evaporation and allowing moisture to remain in the soil for longer. Simultaneously, it effectively mitigates the direct impact of rainwater on the soil surface, preventing soil compaction and promoting both natural rainfall infiltration and crop root growth. 2. Good ecological effects: The dense stalk layer prevents weed seeds carried by the wind from entering the soil and blocks sunlight, hindering germination of weed seeds or weakening seedlings due to insufficient sunlight. This physically suppresses weeds and reduces their presence in the field. Furthermore, the improved soil moisture and aeration provide a favorable environment for beneficial soil organisms and microorganisms, allowing for biological optimization of the soil. Third, no-till farming is energy-saving, labor-saving, and highly efficient. It reduces multiple field operations such as straw crushing, deep plowing, rotary tillage, land preparation, and inter-row cultivation. Apart from necessary pest and disease control operations and straw crushing and soil tillage every 3-5 years, crops only need to be sown and fertilized twice in their lifetime, and harvested ears of fruit. This achieves no-till farming, saving a lot of labor and machinery input, and has obvious energy-saving, labor-saving, and cost-saving effects.

[0004] The whole-stalk mulching method is suitable for warm temperate semi-arid and semi-humid dryland areas in my country, mainly including most dryland farming areas in Northwest and North China. Based on the climate conditions and agricultural needs of China's major agricultural areas, whole-stalk mulching has very clear advantages and applicable scenarios in my country. However, the biggest problem and difficulty is that subsequent mechanized sowing and fertilization are very difficult, which makes people more inclined to use conventional straw return to the field. Therefore, there is an urgent need in this field for a sowing device and sowing method that can be applied to fields with whole-stalk mulching. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a sowing device for fields with full stalk coverage. This device can directly sow seeds on fields with full stalk coverage without being affected by the free and disorderly coverage of stalks on the ground, thereby fundamentally solving the sowing problem in full stalk coverage technology.

[0006] Providing a seeding method suitable for the apparatus of the present invention is another objective of the present invention.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is a sowing device for full-coverage fields, comprising a frame, a fertilizer box mechanism, several seed box mechanisms, soil covering and pressing wheels, and drive wheels. The fertilizer box mechanism is directly mounted on the frame, and the seed box mechanisms are hung on the frame via a contour frame. The soil covering and pressing wheels are installed at the rear end of the contour frame for pressing the soil covering in the seed furrows. The seed discharge pipes of the seed box mechanisms are staggered with the fertilizer discharge pipes of the corresponding fertilizer box mechanisms on the front side. The drive wheels are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the frame, and the drive wheels provide power to the seed box mechanisms or fertilizer box mechanisms through a gear transmission set. It also includes a trenching unit, installed on a frame or contour frame, corresponding to the seed discharge pipe of the seed box mechanism and the fertilizer discharge pipe of the fertilizer box mechanism. It includes a mounting frame, a pressure roller, and a cutting mechanism. The mounting frame has a slot in the middle for the installation of the seed discharge pipe or fertilizer discharge pipe. The lower rear end of the mounting frame is rotatably connected to the cutting mechanism and the pressure roller. The cutting mechanism is a rotating body with a V-shaped cutting part on the outer periphery. The top of the V-shaped cutting part is provided with a cutting blade. The pressure roller is located outside the cutting mechanism and is in close contact with the lower part of the cutting mechanism. The pressure roller is set at an angle to the ground, and the outer part of the bottom surface of the tire is in close contact with the ground to form a pushing force on the whole stalk between the two pressure rollers, which facilitates the cutting of the cutting mechanism. The distance between the lowest end of the cutting mechanism and the lowest end of the pressure roller is the depth of the trench.

[0008] The mounting frame includes two L-shaped mounting plates, which are fixed together by a connecting rod at intervals. The middle interval is used to form a slot for installing seeding pipes or fertilizer pipes.

[0009] It also includes a stabilizing unit, which includes a pressure roller arm, a first connecting rod, and a front axle rod installed at the lower front end of the mounting frame. The front end of the pressure roller arm is mounted on the mounting frame via bearings installed at both ends of the front axle rod. An axle rod is set at an angle on the outer side of the other end of the pressure roller arm. The axle rods of the two pressure roller arms are symmetrical, and pressure rollers are installed on the axle rods. A second connecting rod is fixedly connected to the front end of the pressure roller arm. A rotating shaft is set at the upper end of the second connecting rod. The first connecting rod passes through the rotating shaft. One end of the first connecting rod is hinged to the upper part of the mounting frame, and a limit bolt is set at the other end. Two springs are set on the first connecting rod, located on the left and right sides of the rotating shaft, respectively.

[0010] The rotating object with the V-shaped cutting section is a disc with a jujube-shaped longitudinal section.

[0011] The rotating object with the V-shaped cutting section consists of two grooved discs. The lower rear end of the mounting frame is symmetrically arranged with shafts at an angle on both sides. The grooved discs are mounted on the shafts through bearings, so that the two grooved discs are arranged in a V-shape. The two grooved discs are of different sizes, with the bottom of the smaller grooved disc contacting the inner wall of the larger grooved disc. The lower ends of the two grooved discs form a single-edged V-shaped cutting section.

[0012] The advantage of the device of the present invention is that by using the cooperation of the pressure roller and the cutting mechanism, it can maintain the shape of full coverage of the whole stalk on the ground while cutting the whole stalk and completing the trenching on the land, thereby realizing the sowing and fertilization operation under the condition of full coverage of the whole stalk.

[0013] A sowing method for a sowing device used in fields with full stalk coverage includes the following steps: 1. Install the seeding device at the rear of the tractor, install the furrowing unit, and connect it to the seed discharge pipe of the seed box mechanism and the fertilizer discharge pipe of the fertilizer box mechanism. 2. The pressure rollers set on both sides of the trenching unit compact the whole stalks covering the ground. Since the two pressure rollers are set at an angle, the outer side of the bottom surface of the pressure rollers contacts the ground and the inner side is raised. The inner sidewall of the pressure rollers is in close contact with the lower part of the cutting mechanism. While the two pressure rollers are pressing the whole stalks between them, they form a pushing force towards the center. At the same time, the cutting blade cuts the middle part of the whole stalks between the two pressure rollers. At the same time, the V-shaped cutting part connected to the cutting blade squeezes the soil to open trenches, forming seed trenches or fertilizer trenches. 3. The seed box mechanism and fertilizer box mechanism, which work in conjunction with the ditching unit, complete the seed and fertilizer discharge operations in the ditch using the power provided by the drive wheels.

[0014] The sowing method of this invention can quickly complete the sowing and fertilization operation without damaging the whole stalk covering the ground surface. It solves the problem that traditional sowing devices are prone to pulling the straw when sowing in fields with full stalk coverage, causing the machine to jam or the sowing to fail or be unable to sow. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the trenching unit structure in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the stable unit structure of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the trenching unit structure in Embodiment 3 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] Example 1 like Figure 1-2 As shown, a sowing device for full-coverage fields includes a frame 1. The frame 1 is equipped with drive wheels 5 and, sequentially, fertilizer box mechanisms 2, several seed box mechanisms 3, and press wheels 4. The seed box mechanisms 3 and fertilizer box mechanisms 2 utilize commercially available and mature devices, such as spoon-type seeders and external grooved wheel fertilizer applicators. The driving methods for both seed box mechanisms 3 and fertilizer box mechanisms 2 are existing technologies. In this embodiment, the drive wheels 5 are used in conjunction with a gearbox. The drive wheels 5 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the frame. Alternatively, they can be electrically driven. In this embodiment, the fertilizer box mechanisms 2 are directly mounted on the frame 1, and the seed box mechanisms 3 are hung on the frame via a contour frame. The contour frame utilizes existing technologies, such as a four-bar linkage contour mechanism. The press wheels 4 are installed at the rear end of the contour frame for pressing the soil covering the seed furrows. The seed discharge pipes of several seed box mechanisms 3 are respectively arranged beside the fertilizer discharge pipes of the front fertilizer box mechanisms 2 to form a set of parallel seed furrows and fertilizer furrows. All of the above mechanisms are existing technologies. This embodiment does not describe the specific structure in detail; such details are knowledge that should be mastered by those skilled in the art.

[0020] It also includes a furrowing unit, installed on the frame 1 and the contour frame, specifically including a mounting frame 61, a pressure roller 62, and a cutting mechanism. The mounting frame 61 includes two L-shaped mounting plates, which are fixed together by a connecting rod at intervals. The middle interval is used to form a slot for the installation of seeding pipes or fertilizer pipes, facilitating sowing or fertilization in the furrows. The lower rear end of the mounting frame 61 is rotatably connected to the cutting mechanism and the pressure roller. In this embodiment, the cutting mechanism consists of two furrowing discs. Shafts are symmetrically arranged at an angle on both sides of the lower rear end of the mounting frame. Furrowing discs are mounted on the shafts via bearings, making the two furrowing discs arranged in a V-shape. The two furrowing discs are of different sizes, with the bottom of the smaller furrowing disc contacting the inner wall of the larger furrowing disc, thus forming a V-shaped cutting section with a single blade when the two furrowing discs are at the bottom. The pressure roller 62... 2. The device is mounted on the mounting frame via a connecting arm, located outside the cutting mechanism. The lower part of the pressure roller 62 is in close contact with the lower part of the cutting mechanism to prevent the covered stalk from affecting the bearings of the pressure roller and the cutting mechanism. The outer edge of the bottom surface of the pressure roller 62 is in close contact with the ground, while the inner side of the ground is suspended. The two pressure rollers are arranged in a V-shape, using the pressure rollers to press down on the stalk and simultaneously apply an arching force towards the center to the stalk between the two rollers, which helps to cut the stalk. The contact position of the lower part of the two furrowing discs can also form a double-disc shearing effect to assist in the cutting and ensure the reliability of the cutting. The distance between the lowest end of the cutting mechanism and the lowest end of the pressure roller is the depth of the furrow. In addition to using the cutting edge formed by the large furrowing disc to cut the stalk, the two furrowing discs will continue to squeeze the soil to both sides to form planting furrows or fertilizer furrows.

[0021] The trenching unit in this embodiment utilizes a large and a small trenching disc to form a V-shaped cutting section with a single blade, which facilitates the cutting of whole stalks covering the ground. At the same time, the V-shaped structure formed by the two trenching discs constitutes a V-shaped cutting section to trench the land. This unique design of the trenching unit enables the cutting of whole stalks and the compression of soil to create trenches while ensuring that the stalks in fields with full stalk coverage do not move, thereby realizing mechanized sowing and fertilization in fields with full stalk coverage.

[0022] The sowing method of the device involves installing the sowing device at the rear of the tractor, installing the furrowing unit, and connecting it to the seed discharge pipe of the seed box mechanism and the fertilizer discharge pipe of the fertilizer box mechanism. The pressure rollers on both sides of the furrowing unit compact the whole stalks covering the ground. Since the two pressure rollers are inclined, the outer side of the bottom surface of the pressure rollers contacts the ground, while the inner side is raised. The inner sidewall of the pressure rollers is in close contact with the lower part of the cutting mechanism. While the two pressure rollers are pressing the whole stalks between them, they also generate a pushing force towards the center. At the same time, the cutting blade cuts the middle part of the whole stalks between the two pressure rollers. The entire device continuously cuts the whole stalks along the travel path in the covered field without interruption. The cutting device has a continuous blade surface. At the same time, the V-shaped cutting part connected to the cutting blade compresses the soil to open furrows, forming seed furrows or fertilizer furrows. The seed box mechanism and fertilizer box mechanism, which cooperate with the furrowing unit, complete the seed and fertilizer discharge operations in the furrows through the power provided by the drive wheels.

[0023] Example 2 Based on Embodiment 1, a stabilizing unit is also included, such as... Figure 3 As shown, this stabilizing unit can optimize the usage effect and improve the operation quality of the trenching unit directly set on the frame. The stabilizing unit includes a pressure roller arm 71, a first connecting rod 72, and a front axle rod installed at the lower front end of the mounting frame. The front end of the pressure roller arm 71 is mounted on the mounting frame through bearings installed at both ends of the front axle rod. The other end of the pressure roller arm 71 has an angled axle rod. The axle rods of the two pressure roller arms 71 are symmetrical. A pressure roller 62 is installed on the axle rod. A second connecting rod 73 is fixedly connected to the front end of the pressure roller arm 71. A rotating shaft is set at the upper end of the second connecting rod 73. The first connecting rod 72 is passed through the rotating shaft. One end of the first connecting rod 72 is hinged to the upper part of the mounting frame, and the other end is provided with a limit bolt. Two springs 74 are set on the first connecting rod 72, located on the left and right sides of the rotating shaft, respectively.

[0024] The function of the stabilizing unit is to ensure that the ditching mechanism directly connected to the frame can adapt to the uneven terrain of the farmland, ensure the compaction effect of the pressure roller and the cutting and ditching quality of the cutting device. When the ground is uneven, the spring and linkage mechanism is used for compensation to ensure the quality of operation.

[0025] Example 3 This embodiment is another form of the trenching unit, specifically a cutting mechanism, which is a flat disc 63. The outer periphery of the disc 63 is provided with a V-shaped cutting section, and the top of the V-shaped cutting section is provided with a cutting blade 63. The V-shaped cutting section and the cutting blade can smoothly transition to form a large V-shaped cutting section with a jujube-shaped longitudinal section. The pressure roller 62 is located outside the cutting mechanism and is in close contact with the lower part of the cutting mechanism to prevent the covered straw from affecting the bearings of the pressure roller and the cutting mechanism. The pressure roller 62 is set at an angle to the ground, and the outer edge of the tire bottom is in close contact with the ground. The two pressure rollers are set in a figure-eight configuration. The pressure rollers apply a pushing force towards the center to the straw section between the two rollers, which helps the cutting blade to cut and prevents the straw from moving. In addition to using the cutting blade to cut the straw, the cutting mechanism also uses the V-shaped cutting section to squeeze the soil to both sides to form trenches. Since a flat disc structure is used as the main structure, it is better to use this structure with a seed guide groove and a fertilizer guide groove. The seed discharge pipe and fertilizer discharge pipe are guided through the guide groove to avoid the disc 63.

[0026] This embodiment uses a disc as a rotating body, and the blade is also set in a V-shape, and is smoothly integrated with the V-shaped cutting part. The V-shaped cutting part on the outer periphery of the disc is larger and the blade is stronger. This is an implementation method that can be selected according to the soil conditions.

[0027] Grooving units that simultaneously possess rotational functionality and feature V-shaped cutting sections and single-blade structures on their outer periphery should all fall within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A seeding device for full-coverage fields, comprising a frame, a fertilizer box mechanism, several seed box mechanisms, a soil-covering and pressing wheel, and drive wheels. The fertilizer box mechanisms are directly mounted on the frame, and the seed box mechanisms are hung on the frame via a contour frame. The soil-covering and pressing wheel is installed at the rear end of the contour frame for pressing the soil over the seed furrows. The seed discharge pipes of the seed box mechanisms are staggered with the fertilizer discharge pipes of the corresponding fertilizer box mechanisms on the front side. The drive wheels are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the frame, and the drive wheels provide power to the seed box mechanisms or fertilizer box mechanisms via a gear transmission set. It also includes a trenching unit, installed on a frame or contour frame, corresponding to the seed discharge pipe of the seed box mechanism and the fertilizer discharge pipe of the fertilizer box mechanism. It includes a mounting frame, a pressure roller, and a cutting mechanism. The mounting frame has a slot in the middle for the installation of the seed discharge pipe or fertilizer discharge pipe. The lower rear end of the mounting frame is rotatably connected to the cutting mechanism and the pressure roller. The cutting mechanism is a rotating body with a V-shaped cutting part on the outer periphery. The top of the V-shaped cutting part is provided with a cutting blade. The pressure roller is located outside the cutting mechanism and is in close contact with the lower part of the cutting mechanism. The pressure roller is set at an angle to the ground, and the outer part of the bottom surface of the tire is in close contact with the ground to form a pushing force on the whole stalk between the two pressure rollers, which facilitates the cutting of the cutting mechanism. The distance between the lowest end of the cutting mechanism and the lowest end of the pressure roller is the depth of the trench.

2. The seeding device for full-coverage fields according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mounting frame includes two L-shaped mounting plates, which are fixed together by a connecting rod at intervals. The middle interval is used to form a slot for installing seeding pipes or fertilizer pipes.

3. The seeding device for fields with full stalk coverage according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a stabilizing unit, which includes a pressure roller arm, a first connecting rod, and a front axle rod installed at the lower front end of the mounting frame. The front end of the pressure roller arm is mounted on the mounting frame via bearings installed at both ends of the front axle rod. An axle rod is set at an angle on the outer side of the other end of the pressure roller arm. The axle rods of the two pressure roller arms are symmetrical, and pressure rollers are installed on the axle rods. A second connecting rod is fixedly connected to the front end of the pressure roller arm. A rotating shaft is set at the upper end of the second connecting rod. The first connecting rod passes through the rotating shaft. One end of the first connecting rod is hinged to the upper part of the mounting frame, and a limit bolt is set at the other end. Two springs are set on the first connecting rod, located on the left and right sides of the rotating shaft, respectively.

4. The seeding device for full-coverage fields according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotating object with the V-shaped cutting section is a disc with a jujube-shaped longitudinal section.

5. The seeding device for full-coverage fields according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotating object with the V-shaped cutting section consists of two grooved discs. The lower rear end of the mounting frame is symmetrically arranged with shafts at an angle on both sides. The grooved discs are mounted on the shafts through bearings, so that the two grooved discs are arranged in a V-shape. The two grooved discs are of different sizes, with the bottom of the smaller grooved disc contacting the inner wall of the larger grooved disc. The lower ends of the two grooved discs form a single-edged V-shaped cutting section.

6. The sowing method for the sowing device for fully covered fields according to claim 1, comprising the following steps, 1. Install the seeding device at the rear of the tractor, install the furrowing unit, and connect it to the seed discharge pipe of the seed box mechanism and the fertilizer discharge pipe of the fertilizer box mechanism.

2. The pressure rollers set on both sides of the trenching unit compact the whole stalks covering the ground. Since the two pressure rollers are set at an angle, the outer side of the pressure roller is in contact with the ground, and the inner side is raised. The inner sidewall of the pressure roller is in close contact with the lower part of the cutting mechanism. While the two pressure rollers are pressing the whole stalks between them, they form a pushing force towards the center. At the same time, the cutting blade cuts the middle part of the whole stalks between the two pressure rollers. At the same time, the V-shaped cutting part connected to the cutting blade squeezes the soil to open trenches, forming planting trenches or fertilizer trenches.

3. The seed box mechanism and fertilizer box mechanism, which work in conjunction with the ditching unit, complete the seed and fertilizer discharge operations in the ditch using the power provided by the drive wheels.

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