Method for converting and treating waste mushroom bran by using hemsleya amabilis

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for transformation treatment of waste mushroom bran by using hemsleya amabilis, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural resource utilization. The method comprises the following steps: fermentation treatment of the waste mushroom bran, belly passing treatment of larvae of the protaetia albiflora, and treatment and utilization of late-maturing larvae, adults and fecula of the protaetia albiflora. According to the method, efficient florae and local florae in a waste mushroom bran leaching solution are combined to construct a composite flora leavening agent, the waste mushroom bran is subjected to fermentation treatment, and then the cyclea albiflora larvae are selected to eat the waste mushroom bran subjected to fermentation treatment to produce an organic fertilizer, a protein feed additive and an ornamental beetle specimen. And the recycling value of the waste mushroom bran is maximized. According to the method, the deeply-fermented sawdust is replaced by the low-cost fermented waste mushroom bran, so that the fermentation time is greatly shortened, the feeding cost is reduced, and the method is used for massively breeding and feeding the ornamental insect, namely the white-strip-shaped gold turtle, so that the ornamental insect has higher market competitiveness.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of agricultural resource utilization, in particular to a method for transforming waste mushroom dregs by using Dicronorhina derbyana Westwood. BACKGROUND

[0002] In recent years, with the rapid development of the edible mushroom industry, the scale cultivation of edible mushrooms has been continuously expanded, resulting in the generation of hundreds of millions of bags of waste mushroom dregs, at least 1500 million tons per year. At present, the main treatment methods for waste mushroom dregs are: secondary mushroom cultivation, ecological restoration, organic fertilizer, livestock feed, fuel, etc. However, more regions represented by Guizhou prefer to burn or discard as garbage, causing serious environmental pollution and resource waste. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a pollution-free, low-cost and high-income method for treating waste mushroom dregs, to carry out harmless and re-source treatment of waste mushroom dregs, so as to extend the edible mushroom industry chain and increase economic and social benefits.

[0003] Dicronorhina derbyana Westwood is a medium-sized beetle of the family Scarabaeidae and the subfamily Cetoniinae of the order Coleoptera, originally from Tanzania and surrounding areas in East Africa, with five subspecies. The adult has a special fragrance, with yellow-white stripes on the edge of the pronotum, two longitudinal stripes on the sides of the elytra, and a T-shaped horn on the head of the male adult. The body color of male and female adults is green, purple, blue, black-brown, etc. and has a metallic luster. The subspecies mate, making the color of the adult individuals more diverse, known as "African living gem", and deeply loved by insect lovers at home and abroad. The larvae, called grubs, prefer to eat deeply fermented sawdust. The larvae not only have a large feeding amount, but also have larger bodies than Anomala corpulenta larvae, and are also rich in protein, making them good feed additives. The larval feces is also a good organic fertilizer. Whether the adult is used as a pet, made into a specimen for popular science and observation, or the larvae are used to develop protein feed and organic fertilizer, Dicronorhina derbyana Westwood has great development potential and economic value.

[0004] The existing beetles for producing organic fertilizer and protein feed by using insects to pass through the waste mushroom bran include Anomala daimiana and Polyphylla laticornis. Anomala daimiana has high egg-laying capacity and can be bred at high density, but the larval period is relatively short and the body is small. Polyphylla laticornis has long larval period and large body, but the egg-laying capacity is low and needs to be bred at low density. High-density breeding will cause mutual injury. Anomala corpulenta has high egg-laying capacity, long larval period and relatively large larval body, and can be bred at high density. Anomala corpulenta has the advantages of Anomala daimiana and Polyphylla laticornis in processing waste mushroom bran. Breeding Anomala corpulenta by using waste mushroom bran to produce organic fertilizer, protein feed additive and ornamental beetle specimens can maximize the recycling value of waste mushroom bran, and can greatly shorten the fermentation time and reduce the breeding cost compared with direct fermentation of sawdust. Because the feeding preferences of Anomala corpulenta, Anomala daimiana and Polyphylla laticornis are different, the fermentation treatment and fermentation time of waste mushroom bran before feeding need to be further studied. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to provide a method for converting and processing waste mushroom bran by using Anomala corpulenta to solve the problems existing in the prior art. The present application uses efficient bacteria and local bacteria in the fermentation broth of mature waste mushroom bran to construct a composite bacteria fermentation agent, and then uses Anomala corpulenta larvae to feed on waste mushroom bran to produce organic fertilizer, protein feed additive and ornamental beetle specimens, so as to maximize the recycling value of waste mushroom bran.

[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following scheme:

[0007] The present application provides a method for converting and processing waste mushroom bran by using Anomala corpulenta, which comprises the steps of waste mushroom bran fermentation treatment, Anomala corpulenta larval processing, and Anomala corpulenta late-mature larva, adult and feces processing and utilization.

[0008] The waste mushroom bran fermentation treatment comprises the steps of crushing the mushroom bran, inoculating the composite bacteria fermentation agent into the mushroom bran at an inoculation amount of 0.3-0.5% v / w, and fermenting.

[0009] The composite bacteria fermentation agent is composed of white rot fungi, Trichoderma longibrachiatum and local bacteria broth.

[0010] Preferably, the preparation method of the local bacteria broth comprises the steps of mixing waste mushroom bran and water at a weight ratio of 1:5-10, filtering to obtain waste mushroom bran leaching liquor, and adding yeast extract and culturing for 24-48h to obtain the local bacteria broth.

[0011] Preferably, the preparation method of the composite bacteria fermentation agent is:

[0012] Preparation of local bacterial group bacteria liquid: the waste fungus bran is mixed with water at a weight ratio of 1:5-10, filtered to obtain waste fungus bran leaching liquor, 0.1% w / v yeast extract is added, and the mixture is cultured for 48-72 hours to obtain the local bacterial group bacteria liquid.

[0013] Preparation of mixed bacteria liquid containing white rot fungus and Trichoderma longibrachiatum: the waste fungus bran leaching liquor is sterilized after adding yeast extract, cooled, inoculated with white rot fungus at an inoculation amount of 3-5% w / v, and cultured for 24-48 hours, then inoculated with Trichoderma longibrachiatum at an inoculation amount of 3-5% w / v, and cultured for 12-24 hours to obtain the mixed bacteria liquid containing white rot fungus and Trichoderma longibrachiatum.

[0014] The mixed bacteria liquid containing white rot fungus and Trichoderma longibrachiatum is added with 30-50% v / v of the local bacterial group bacteria liquid, and cultured for 48-72 hours to obtain the composite bacterial group starter.

[0015] Preferably, the waste fungus bran is mixed with water at a weight ratio of 1:5, filtered to obtain waste fungus bran leaching liquor, 0.1% w / v yeast extract is added, and the mixture is cultured for 48 hours to obtain the local bacterial group bacteria liquid.

[0016] Preferably, the waste fungus bran leaching liquor is sterilized after adding yeast extract, cooled, inoculated with white rot fungus at an inoculation amount of 3% w / v, and cultured for 48 hours, then inoculated with Trichoderma longibrachiatum at an inoculation amount of 5% w / v, and cultured for 12 hours to obtain the mixed bacteria liquid containing white rot fungus and Trichoderma longibrachiatum.

[0017] Preferably, the mixed bacteria liquid containing white rot fungus and Trichoderma longibrachiatum is added with 30% v / v of the local bacterial group bacteria liquid, and cultured for 48 hours to obtain the composite bacterial group starter.

[0018] Preferably, the culture temperature of the inoculation and culture of white rot fungus is 28-30 DEG C, and the rotation speed is 150-180 rpm.

[0019] Preferably, the culture temperature of the inoculation and culture of the local bacterial group bacteria liquid is 28-30 DEG C, and the rotation speed is 150-180 rpm.

[0020] Preferably, the fermentation time is 60 days, and the environmental temperature of fermentation is 25 DEG C.

[0021] Preferably, the method for the over-ventral treatment of the Otaedina armata larvae is as follows: the hatched larvae are fed in the fermented waste fungus bran with a humidity of 50% until the larvae reach the late mature stage, and the late mature larvae, adults and feces are separated.

[0022] The present application discloses the following technical effects:

[0023] This invention provides a method for converting and processing waste mushroom residue using white-striped beetle larvae. By using the waste mushroom residue to feed white-striped beetles, organic fertilizer, protein feed additives, and ornamental beetle specimens can be produced. This method not only maximizes the resource utilization value of waste mushroom residue, but also significantly shortens the fermentation time and reduces feeding costs compared to direct fermentation of sawdust.

[0024] Further research revealed that fermenting waste substrate without cottonseed hulls using a 0.3% (v / v) compound microbial fermentation agent, which combines artificially selected high-efficiency microorganisms (white-rot fungi and Trichoderma longifolia) with local microorganisms in the leachate of the fermented waste substrate, creates a super compound microbial system of "artificial introduction + native reinforcement". The white-rot fungi degrade lignin, while Trichoderma longifolia and local cellulose-decomposing bacteria work together to decompose cellulose. This approach leverages both the high-efficiency bacteria's ability to overcome challenges and the local microorganisms' environmental adaptability. Under the optimal fermentation time of 60 days, the larvae of the white-striped scarab beetle exhibit the highest conversion rate to the waste substrate and the fastest insect growth. Detailed Implementation

[0025] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0026] It should be understood that the terminology used in this invention is merely for describing particular embodiments and is not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, with respect to numerical ranges in this invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Any stated value or intermediate value within a stated range, as well as each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value within said range, is also included in this invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0027] Unless otherwise stated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. While only preferred methods and materials have been described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may be used in the implementation or testing of this invention. All references to this specification are incorporated by way of citation to disclose and describe methods and / or materials associated with those references. In the event of any conflict with any incorporated reference, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0028] Various modifications and variations can be made to the specific embodiments described in this specification without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Other embodiments derived from this specification will also be apparent to those skilled in the art. This specification and embodiments are merely exemplary.

[0029] The terms “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc., used in this article are all open-ended terms, meaning that they include but are not limited to.

[0030] In the following examples, the rearing location was the Resource Insect Utilization Laboratory of the Guizhou Provincial Institute of Biology. EM bacteria were purchased from Nongfukang strain produced by Henan Nongfukang Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; cellulase was purchased from Xiasheng Enzyme Preparation Boutique on Taobao, the product being Xiasheng Biological Enzyme Preparation, feed-grade cellulase L type 2800U / g; enzyme bacteria were purchased from Junan Biological Store on Taobao; white-rot fungi were purchased from Beijing Biological Store on Taobao, the second generation white-rot fungus NDM3-2; and Trichoderma longifolia was purchased from Hezhong Kangyuan Fungal Strain Store on Taobao.

[0031] The waste mushroom substrate used in the following examples are two types of waste edible mushroom substrate: straw rot and wood rot, which do not contain cottonseed hulls.

[0032] Example 1: A method for converting and treating waste mushroom substrate using white-striped beetle mushrooms.

[0033] (1) Fermentation treatment of waste mushroom substrate: The waste edible mushroom bags without cottonseed hulls are crushed into granules of 5-10 mm. The plastic film is removed. The above-prepared compound microbial fermentation agent is diluted with water at a ratio of 1:10 ten times. The inoculum is added to the waste mushroom substrate pile at a rate of 0.3% (v / w) and stirred evenly. The pH of the mushroom substrate is adjusted to 5.0-5.5 using 1000 times diluted wood vinegar solution. The humidity of the mushroom substrate is adjusted to 60-70% by spraying water. The ambient temperature is 25℃ or above. The pile is fermented. The plastic film is covered for heat preservation and moisture retention. After fermentation for 60 days, it is spread out to dry until the moisture content is ≤10%. The fermented waste mushroom substrate is crushed to obtain the fermented waste mushroom substrate.

[0034] The preparation method of the compound microbial fermentation agent is as follows:

[0035] ① Cultivate local microbial communities to obtain local microbial community liquid: Mix waste mushroom residue with warm water at 35-40℃ at a weight ratio of 1:5, filter to remove coarse mushroom residue, and obtain waste mushroom residue leachate. Add 0.1% (w / v) yeast extract, and culture at 28-30℃ with slight shaking or stirring for 48 hours to activate the indigenous microorganisms in the leachate and obtain local microbial community liquid.

[0036] ② Establish a high-efficiency bacterial community to obtain a mixed bacterial solution containing white-rot fungi and Trichoderma longifolia: Take the waste fungal residue leachate from ①, add 0.1% (w / v) yeast extract, and then directly sterilize it at high temperature (120℃, 20min) to use as a culture medium. After it cools down to below 40℃, inoculate it with white-rot fungi (3% inoculum, w / v) and culture it at 28℃, 180rpm for 24 hours. Then inoculate it with Trichoderma longifolia (5% inoculum, w / v) and culture it under the same conditions for 12 hours. After the culture is completed, a mixed bacterial solution containing white-rot fungi and Trichoderma longifolia is obtained.

[0037] ③ Co-fermentation and domestication to obtain a compound microbial fermentation agent: Add 30% (v / v) of the local microbial culture from step ① to the mixed bacterial culture from step ②, and continue culturing at 28℃ and 180 rpm for 48 hours. After completion, the compound microbial fermentation agent is obtained. At this time, the laccase activity in the compound microbial community is >2 U / mL (key enzyme activity of white-rot fungi), and the filter paper enzyme activity is >2 U / mL (key enzyme activity of Trichoderma longifolia).

[0038] (2) Egg laying and hatching of adult white-striped beetle: Take the fermented waste fungus obtained in step (1), moisten it until it is loose and has a humidity of 50%, and place it in a breeding box (40cm×28cm×23cm), 15-20cm thick. Cover the surface of the fermented waste fungus with branches or bark to help the adults move freely. Place 4 females and 2 males in the breeding box and feed them beetle jelly or fruits with high sugar content such as watermelon and bananas. The temperature of the breeding box is controlled at 25-30℃. Collect the eggs regularly, bury them in the fermented waste fungus with a humidity of 60%, and place them in an incubator at a temperature of 28℃ for about 30 days to obtain the first instar larvae of the white-striped beetle.

[0039] (3) Treatment of White-striped Flower Scarab Beetle Larvae: White-striped Flower Scarab Beetle larvae were reared in fermented waste mushroom substrate at 50% humidity for approximately 260-280 days, with the ambient temperature controlled at 24-28℃. First-instar larvae were reared in 2L disposable food containers at a density of 40 larvae / container; second-instar larvae were reared in 14L transparent storage boxes (28cm×21cm×17cm) at a density of 40 larvae / box; and third-instar larvae were reared in 35L transparent storage boxes (40cm×28cm×23cm) at a density of 20 larvae / box. The fermented waste mushroom substrate used to feed first-instar larvae was passed through a 20-mesh sieve (less than 0.9mm), the waste mushroom substrate used to feed second-instar larvae was passed through a 14-mesh sieve (less than 1.43mm), and the waste mushroom substrate used to feed third-instar larvae was passed through a 10-mesh sieve (less than 2mm). After raising the larvae to maturity, separate the larvae and their excrement. Some of the older larvae are then raised to become adults.

[0040] (4) Processing and utilization of late-maturing larvae, adults and excrement of white-striped flower beetles: late-maturing larvae can be killed by boiling water and dried, and processed into insect powder as a protein feed additive; adults can be sold as live insect pets, or killed or frozen to death with ethyl acetate poison bottles and then shaped and sold as insect pinned specimens or resin specimens; larval excrement can be used as organic fertilizer.

[0041] Example 2: Effects of different fermentation treatment conditions on the conversion capacity of *Ceratophyllum demersum*.

[0042] Fermentation treatment of waste mushroom substrate: Waste edible mushroom substrate bags (excluding cottonseed hulls) are crushed into granules of 5-10mm. The plastic film is removed. Eleven different treatment groups are set up, with each group fermenting 100 catties of waste mushroom substrate. 0.3% of different microbial fermentation agents (diluted 10 times with water before addition) are added to each group, and the mixture is stirred. The pH of the substrate is adjusted to 5.0-5.5 with a 1000-fold dilution of wood vinegar, and the humidity is adjusted to 60-70% by spraying water. Fermentation is carried out at an ambient temperature above 25℃, piled up, and covered with plastic film for insulation and moisture retention. After 60 days of fermentation, the substrate is spread out to dry until the moisture content is ≤10%, then crushed and ready for use.

[0043] The different microbial fermentation agents set here are: ① yeast powder; ② cellulase; ③ EM bacteria; ④ enzyme bacteria; ⑤ the compound microbial fermentation agent prepared in Example 1; ⑥ white-rot fungi + Trichoderma longifolia; ⑦ white-rot fungi + local microbial community; ⑧ Trichoderma longifolia + local microbial community; ⑨ local microbial community; ⑩ white-rot fungi; ⑪ Trichoderma longifolia.

[0044] Among them, ① yeast powder, ② cellulase, and ④ enzyme bacteria are all in solid fine granular form, and the addition ratio is 0.3% (w / w); while ③, ⑤~⑪ are all liquid fermentation agents, and the addition ratio is 0.3% (v / w). ③ Preparation of EM stock solution: 1 bottle of Nongfukang EM bacteria, 1 kg of brown sugar, 15 kg of water. Boil the water to dissolve the brown sugar, and after the water temperature cools down to below 40℃, add the bacteria and stir well. Pour into a sealed plastic container and incubate for 3-5 days. ⑥ White-rot fungi + *Trichoderma longifolia* were prepared according to step ② of the preparation method of the compound microbial fermentation agent in Example 1; ⑨ Local microbial flora were prepared according to step ① of the preparation method of the compound microbial fermentation agent in Example 1; ⑩ White-rot fungal culture preparation: 0.1% (w / v) yeast extract was added to the waste fungal residue leachate, sterilized at high temperature (120℃, 20min) and used as culture medium. After cooling to below 40℃, white-rot fungi (3% inoculum, w / v) were inoculated and cultured at 28℃, 180rpm for 48 hours; ⑪ *Trichoderma longifolia* Preparation of bacterial culture solution: Add 0.1% (w / v) yeast extract to waste bacterial bran leachate, sterilize at high temperature (120℃, 20min), and after cooling to below 40℃, inoculate with Trichoderma longifolia (5% inoculum, w / v) and incubate at 28℃, 180rpm for 12 hours; ⑦ Preparation of white rot fungi + local flora: Add 30% (v / v) of local flora solution to white rot fungi culture solution; ⑧ Preparation of Trichoderma longifolia + local flora: Add 30% (v / v) of local flora solution to Trichoderma longifolia culture solution.

[0045] Treatment of White-striped Flower Beetle Larvae by Intestinal Feeding: One-day-old third-instar White-striped Flower Beetle larvae were reared in 35L transparent storage boxes (40cm×28cm×23cm) and fed with waste fungal compost treated with different humidity levels at 50%. The ambient temperature was controlled at 24-28℃. There were 11 treatments in total, with 3 replicates for each treatment. Ten one-day-old third-instar White-striped Flower Beetle larvae were randomly selected from each replicate. After 40 days of continuous feeding, the larval survival rate, average weight gain per larva, food intake, fecal output, main nutrient components of the larvae, and fertility of the feces were measured.

[0046] The results are shown in Tables 1-3.

[0047] Table 1. Effects of different fermentation treatments on the conversion capacity of *Ceratophyllum demersum*.

[0048] No. Fermenting agent Survival rate Weight gain (g / head) Feed intake (g / head) Excreta (g / head) ① Yeast powder 100% 5.109 40.772 30.415 ② Cellulase 100% 5.119 41.123 30.97 ③ EM bacteria 100% 5.653 44.701 32.214 ④ Enzyme bacteria 100% 5.709 44.259 31.976 ⑤ Compound bacteria fermenting agent 100% 6.242 59.545 49.961 ⑥ White rot fungus + Trichoderma longibrachiatum 100% 5.819 49.368 40.485 ⑦ White rot fungus + local bacteria group 100% 5.924 48.46 39.147 ⑧ Trichoderma longibrachiatum + local bacteria group 100% 5.784 48.145 38.498 ⑨ Local bacteria group 100% 5.645 44.152 33.154 ⑩ White rot fungus 100% 5.482 42.265 32.151 ⑪ Trichoderma longibrachiatum 100% 5.146 40.241 30.121

[0049] Table 2. Effects of different fermentation treatments on the content of major nutrients in the larvae of the white-striped scarab beetle.

[0050] No. Fermenting agent Crude protein (%) Fat rate (%) Total sugar (mg / g) ① Yeast powder 46.76 15.47 42.13 ② Cellulase 49.56 17.42 45.68 ③ EM bacteria 56.65 17.86 47.68 ④ Enzyme bacteria 55.46 17.34 47.56 ⑤ Compound bacteria fermenting agent 58.46 20.03 49.59 ⑥ White rot fungus + Trichoderma longibrachiatum 54.72 18.79 48.46 ⑦ White rot fungus + local bacteria group 56.55 19.88 46.54 ⑧ Trichoderma longibrachiatum + local bacteria group 49.21 17.58 46.42 ⑨ Local bacteria group 48.24 17.48 45.28 ⑩ White rot fungus 47.49 16.35 43.46 ⑪ Trichoderma longibrachiatum 46.57 15.67 42.56

[0051] Table 3. Effects of different fermentation treatments on the fertility of larval excrement of the white-striped scarab beetle.

[0052] No. Fermenting agent Organic matter (g / kg) Total nitrogen (g / kg) Total phosphorus (g / kg) Total potassium (g / kg) Alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen (mg / kg) Available phosphorus (mg / kg) Available potassium (mg / kg) ① Yeast powder 578.62 15.36 6.98 14.31 872.15 296.47 1102.46 ② Cellulase 593.46 17.85 8.46 15.46 1129.45 636.98 1365.23 ③ EM bacteria 653.45 20.18 10.23 17.01 1295.54 780.69 1602.36 ④ Enzyme bacteria 624.85 20.01 9.85 16.85 1264.38 762.58 14625.23 ⑤ Compound bacteria fermenting agent 673.99 21.68 10.66 17.91 1347.63 906.25 16533.90 ⑥ White rot fungus + Trichoderma longibrachiatum 625.42 20.41 10.11 15.62 1168.46 650.39 13645.26 ⑦ White rot fungus + local bacteria group 657.49 20.06 10.46 16.69 1205.36 698.64 14251.85 ⑧ Trichoderma longibrachiatum + local bacteria group 613.58 18.23 9.24 15.26 1031.65 636.88 13120.12 ⑨ Local bacteria group 586.43 17.46 8.46 14.26 983.02 596.89 12232.41 ⑩ White rot fungus 586.89 15.11 7.64 14.58 976.85 406.59 11392.58 ⑪ Trichoderma longibrachiatum 571.19 14.26 6.86 13.46 876.94 306.89 10982.74

[0053] Table 1 shows that after fermentation treatment with a compound microbial fermentation agent on waste substrate, the larvae of the white-striped scarab beetle exhibited the strongest conversion ability, with the highest weight gain, feed intake, and excrement volume. Table 2 shows that after fermentation treatment with the compound microbial fermentation agent, the main nutrients of the white-striped scarab beetle larvae—crude protein, fat content, and total sugar content—were at their highest levels. Table 3 shows that after fermentation treatment with the compound microbial fermentation agent, the excrement of the white-striped scarab beetle larvae showed the highest contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus, and readily available potassium.

[0054] Therefore, the most suitable fermentation agent for fermenting bacterial residue is the compound microbial fermentation agent prepared in this invention.

[0055] Example 3: Effect of different fermentation times on the conversion capacity of *Ceratophyllum demersum*.

[0056] Waste mushroom substrate fermentation treatment: Crush the waste mushroom bags into granules of 5-10mm, remove the plastic film, dilute the prepared compound microbial fermentation agent with water at a ratio of 1:10 ten times, add it to the waste mushroom substrate pile at an inoculation rate of 0.3% (v / w) and stir evenly. Adjust the pH of the mushroom substrate to 5.0-5.5 with 1000 times diluted wood vinegar solution, spray water to adjust the humidity of the mushroom substrate to 60-70%, and ferment on the pile at an ambient temperature above 25℃. Cover with plastic film to keep warm and moist. Take fermented mushroom substrate every 10 days, dry it, crush it through a 10-mesh sieve and set it aside. Take 60L each time, and repeat for 7 times.

[0057] Treatment of White-striped Flower Beetle Larvae by Intestinal Feeding: One-day-old third-instar White-striped Flower Beetle larvae were reared in 35L transparent storage boxes (40cm×28cm×23cm) and fed with fermented bran containing different fermentation times at 50% humidity. The ambient temperature was controlled at 24-28℃. A total of 7 treatments were conducted, with 3 replicates for each treatment. Ten one-day-old third-instar White-striped Flower Beetle larvae were randomly selected from each replicate. After 40 days of continuous feeding, the larval survival rate, average weight gain per larva, food intake, and fecal output were measured.

[0058] The results are shown in Table 4.

[0059] Table 4. Effects of different fermentation times on the conversion capacity of *Ceratophyllum demersum*.

[0060] No. Fermenting time Survival rate Weight gain (g / head) Feed intake (g / head) Excreta (g / head) ① 10d 100% 5.143 35.246 24.097 ② 20d 100% 5.198 42.169 31.063 ③ 30d 100% 5.497 43.613 32.773 ④ 40d 100% 5.602 44.971 35.773 ⑤ 50d 100% 5.767 49.781 40.198 ⑥ 60d 100% 6.242 59.545 49.961 ⑦ 70d 100% 5.879 46.383 36.592

[0061] As shown in Table 4, when the compound microbial fermentation agent is added for fermentation, the larvae of the white-striped scarab beetle have the strongest conversion ability to the microbial bran when the fermentation time is 60 days. The average weight gain, food intake and excretion of each larva are the highest. Therefore, the optimal fermentation time for waste microbial bran is 60 days.

[0062] Based on the above, the optimal process was determined to be using a compound microbial fermentation agent as the fermentation agent and fermenting the waste bacterial residue for 60 days.

[0063] Example 4: Treatment and utilization of late-maturing larvae and frass of the white-striped scarab beetle.

[0064] The fermentation treatment of waste bacterial residue is the same as in Example 1.

[0065] Processing of White-striped Flower Beetle Larvae: Place 1-day-old 3rd instar White-striped Flower Beetle larvae in a 35L transparent storage box (40cm×28cm×23cm) for rearing. Feed them with fermented waste fungus bran with a humidity of 50%. Control the ambient temperature at 24-28℃. After feeding continuously for 3 months, collect the larvae, starve them to empty their feces, scald them to death, dry them, grind them into powder for later use. Sift out the larvae excrement and dry it for later use.

[0066] 1. Effects of feeding Guizhou Yellow Chickens with white-striped scarab beetle larvae grub powder on their egg production performance.

[0067] One hundred and twenty 32-week-old Guizhou Yellow Chickens with an initial weight of approximately 2 kg and an egg production rate of approximately 40% were selected and fed four replicates (15 chickens per cage). The basal diet, consisting of 75% cornmeal, 20% soybean meal, and 5% wheat bran, was mixed with 5% grub meal. A control group was fed only the basal diet. Chickens were fed twice daily, at 9:30 AM and 4:00 PM, with free access to feed and water. After 40 days of feeding, the effects of adding grub meal to the basal diet versus feeding only the basal diet on the egg production performance of the Guizhou Yellow Chickens were statistically analyzed.

[0068] After adding grub powder to the basal diet, the egg production rate of Guizhou Yellow Chicken was 45.04%, the average daily feed intake of each Guizhou Yellow Chicken was 105.64g / d, the egg weight was 53.63g / egg, and the feed conversion ratio was 4.38.

[0069] When fed only a basic diet, the egg production rate of Guizhou Yellow Chicken was 40.94%, the average daily feed intake of each Guizhou Yellow Chicken was 119.55g / d, the egg weight was 50.57g / egg, and the feed conversion ratio was 5.76.

[0070] 2. The effect of white-striped beetle frass on the growth of cherry radishes

[0071] Add 5% (w / w) of finely ground insect excrement to moist vermiculite (2-4 mm), mix well, and fill flowerpots (50cm×25cm×20cm). Sow cherry radish seeds, and after germination, retain 10 seedlings per pot, with 3 replicates. Use substrate containing 5% (w / w) of mycelium that has not been treated with white-striped flower beetle larvae as a control group. Harvest and measure plant height, fresh weight, and other indicators after 40 days.

[0072] After adding 5% (w / w) of finely ground insect excrement sand, the average height of the cherry radish plant was 17.32cm, the root diameter was 2.16cm, the fresh weight of the above-ground part of each cherry radish plant was 4.73g, the fresh weight of the underground part was 5.23g, the dry weight of the above-ground part was 0.47g, the dry weight of the underground part was 0.39g, and the root-to-shoot ratio was 1.11.

[0073] After adding 5% (w / w) of untreated white-striped flower beetle larvae in the substrate, the average height of the cherry radish plant was 15.82cm, the root diameter was 1.88cm, the fresh weight of the above-ground part of each cherry radish plant was 1.85g, the fresh weight of the underground part was 2.88g, the dry weight of the above-ground part was 0.2g, the dry weight of the underground part was 0.5g, and the root-to-shoot ratio was 1.56.

[0074] Comparative Example 1

[0075] Waste mushroom substrate fermentation treatment: Crush the waste mushroom substrate bags into granules of 5-10mm, remove the plastic film, adjust the pH of the substrate substrate to 5.0-5.5 with 1000 times diluted wood vinegar, then adjust the humidity of the substrate substrate to 60-70% with water, pile it up for fermentation, carry out fermentation at an ambient temperature above 25℃, and cover it with plastic film for heat preservation and moisture retention. After 1 year of fermentation, spread it out to dry, crush it and pass it through a 10-mesh sieve for later use.

[0076] Treatment of White-striped Flower Scarab Larvae: Place 1-day-old 3rd instar White-striped Flower Scarab larvae in a 35L transparent storage box (40cm×28cm×23cm) for rearing, and feed them with naturally fermented fungal bran with a humidity of 50% for 1 year. The ambient temperature should be controlled at 24-28℃. Three replicates were set up. Ten 1-day-old 3rd instar white-striped scarab beetle larvae were randomly selected in each replicate. After feeding continuously for 40 days, the larval survival rate was 100%, the average weight gain per larva was 5.134g, the average food intake was 39.05g, and the average fecal output was 29.418g. The main nutrients of the larvae were crude protein 49.02%, fat content 17.69%, and total sugar 43.98mg / g. The main fertilizer contents of the larvae's excrement were organic matter 578.45g / kg, total nitrogen 17.55g / kg, total phosphorus 8.56g / kg, total potassium 14.26g / kg, available nitrogen 936.99mg / kg, available phosphorus 595.36mg / kg, and available potassium 11051.58mg / kg.

[0077] Comparative Example 2

[0078] The method for converting waste mushroom residue using white-striped scarab beetle was the same as in Example 3, except that deeply fermented sawdust (purchased from the Taobao store "Ayin Insect House," the product being fine-grained, dry, ordinary deep-fermented sawdust) was used instead of the fermented waste mushroom residue. Three replicates were set up, with 10 one-day-old, third-instar white-striped scarab beetle larvae randomly selected from each replicate. After 40 days of continuous feeding, the larval survival rate was 100%, the average weight gain per larva was 5.542g, the average food intake was 44.55g, and the average fecal output was 36.018g.

[0079] The above examples and comparative results show that fermented waste mushroom residue can perfectly replace purchased beetle-specific deep-fermented sawdust, and compared with direct fermentation of sawdust, it can shorten the fermentation time. The organic fertilizer made from fermented waste mushroom residue treated by ingesting white-striped beetle larvae is more effective for the growth and development of cherry radishes and has stronger fertility than untreated fermented mushroom residue. Furthermore, adding white-striped beetle larvae as a protein feed additive to the diet can improve the egg production performance of Guizhou Yellow Chickens. Therefore, using white-striped beetle larvae to treat waste mushroom residue to produce organic fertilizer, protein feed additives, and ornamental beetle specimens not only reduces feeding costs but also maximizes the resource utilization value of waste mushroom residue.

[0080] Further research revealed that a composite microbial fermentation agent, constructed by combining artificially selected high-efficiency microbial communities (white-rot fungi and Trichoderma longifolia) with local microbial communities in the leachate of waste mushroom substrate, was used in the fermentation treatment of waste mushroom substrate. After 60 days of fermentation, crushing and sieving, and adjusting the humidity to 50%, the survival rate, feed intake, and excrement volume of white-striped beetle larvae fed with this agent were the highest, as were their weight gain, larval main nutrient content, and excrement fertility. In addition, larvae of different instars could process waste mushroom substrate of corresponding particle sizes 100%. This pollution-free, low-cost, and high-income method for treating waste mushroom substrate can extend the edible mushroom industry chain and increase economic and social benefits by harmlessly and reusing the waste mushroom substrate.

[0081] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for converting and treating waste mushroom substrate using the white-striped beetle, characterized in that, The process includes steps such as fermentation of waste substrate, intestinal treatment of white-striped scarab beetle larvae, and treatment and utilization of late-maturing white-striped scarab beetle larvae, adults, and excrement. The waste bacterial residue fermentation treatment includes the steps of crushing the bacterial residue and inoculating the bacterial residue with a compound microbial fermentation agent at an inoculation rate of 0.3-0.5% v / w for fermentation; The compound microbial fermentation agent consists of white-rot fungi, Trichoderma longifolia, and local microbial culture liquid.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for preparing the local microbial culture liquid includes the steps of mixing waste microbial bran and water at a weight ratio of 1:5-10, filtering to obtain waste microbial bran leachate, adding yeast extract and culturing for 24-48 hours to obtain the local microbial culture liquid.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the compound microbial fermentation agent is as follows: Preparation of local microbial culture liquid: Waste bacterial residue and water are mixed at a weight ratio of 1:5-10, filtered to obtain waste bacterial residue leachate, yeast extract is added and cultured for 24-48 hours to obtain the local microbial culture liquid; Preparation of a mixed bacterial culture containing white-rot fungi and Trichoderma longifolia: Take the waste fungal residue leachate, add yeast extract, sterilize, cool, inoculate with white-rot fungi at a 3-5% w / v inoculation rate and culture for 24-48 hours, then inoculate with Trichoderma longifolia at a 3-5% w / v inoculation rate and culture for 12-24 hours to obtain the mixed bacterial culture containing white-rot fungi and Trichoderma longifolia. Add 30-50% v / v of the local microbial culture to the mixed bacterial culture containing white-rot fungi and Trichoderma longifolia, and culture for 48-72 hours to obtain the compound microbial fermentation agent.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Waste bacterial residue was mixed with water at a weight ratio of 1:5 and filtered to obtain a waste bacterial residue leachate. 0.1% w / v yeast extract was added and cultured for 48 hours to obtain the local bacterial culture solution.

5. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The waste bacterial residue leachate was sterilized after being mixed with yeast extract and cooled. It was then inoculated with white-rot fungi at a 3% w / v inoculation rate and cultured for 24 hours, followed by inoculation with Trichoderma longifolia at a 5% w / v inoculation rate and cultured for 12 hours to obtain the mixed bacterial solution containing white-rot fungi and Trichoderma longifolia.

6. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Add 30% v / v of the local microbial culture to the mixed bacterial culture containing white-rot fungi and Trichoderma longifolia, and incubate for 48 hours to obtain the compound microbial fermentation agent.

7. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The culture temperature for inoculating with white-rot fungi is 28-30℃, and the rotation speed is 150-180 rpm.

8. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The culture temperature for adding local bacterial culture solution is 28-30℃, and the rotation speed is 150-180rpm.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fermentation time was 60 days, and the fermentation environment temperature was 25℃.

10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for treating the white-striped scarab beetle larvae by ingestion is as follows: after hatching, the larvae are placed in waste fungal bran treated with 50% humidity and raised until the larvae reach the late maturity stage. They are then fed and separated to obtain late-maturing larvae, adults, and frass.