Daily ration formula for improving fattening performance and meat quality of down producing goats and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a daily ration formula for improving fattening performance and meat quality of down producing goats and application of the daily ration formula, and belongs to the technical field of animal nutrition and feed. Corn straw and caragana microphylla are used for jointly replacing 40-60% of high-quality forage grass, 0.07-0.13% of artemisia ordosica crude polysaccharide is added, the average daily gain of the down producing goats is remarkably increased, the feed conversion ratio is reduced, meanwhile, the feed conversion rate is increased, and meanwhile the fattening performance and meat quality of the down producing goats are improved. The meat quality is improved, including reduction of muscle water loss rate and cooking loss, increase of meat color redness value and the like; besides, the formula also improves the digestibility of nutrient substances, especially the digestibility of crude protein, improves the rumen fermentation function, and improves the concentrations of rumen ammoniacal nitrogen and mycoprotein. Experiments show that the daily ration formula not only achieves the feeding effect similar to that of high-quality pasture, but also remarkably reduces the feeding cost, improves the economic benefit and provides a scientific basis for barn feeding breeding of down producing goats.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of animal nutrition and feed technology, specifically relating to a diet formula for improving the fattening performance and meat quality of cashmere goats and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Albas cashmere goats are one of my country's famous dual-purpose (cash and meat) breeds. They are a superior local breed developed through long-term natural selection and artificial breeding, known for their excellent meat production performance. The meat is high in crude protein, low in fat, and contains various fatty acids and amino acids, resulting in delicious, non-gamey, and easily digestible meat. Traditionally, Albas cashmere goats were raised through grazing. However, in recent years, the grassland ecological environment has deteriorated, leading to a decline in livestock carrying capacity. Furthermore, the conflict between grassland ecological resource protection and economic development has forced a shift from grazing to stall feeding. However, my country's per capita arable land area is only 1.36 mu (approximately 0.06 hectares), less than 40% of the world average. While my country's total grain output exceeded 1.4 trillion jin (approximately 700 million tons) in 2024, a shortfall of over 200 billion jin (approximately 100 million tons) still relies on imports from the global market. Moreover, my country's annual feed consumption exceeds 400 million tons, accounting for more than 50% of its total grain output. Given the limited increase in arable land resources, a large amount of high-quality forage grass relies on imports, and the shortage of feed grains and high-quality forage grasses is becoming increasingly prominent. The situation of "competing with people for food and with food for land" is becoming increasingly severe, and the issue of food security has received high attention. Therefore, improving the utilization rate and feeding effect of locally sourced non-grain feeds is of great significance to solving the problem of "competing with people and livestock for food".

[0003] Corn stalks are a major roughage resource in my country, with an annual output of hundreds of millions of tons. However, they are high in crude fiber and low in crude protein (CP) and carbohydrates, resulting in low nutrient digestibility of corn stalk roughage.

[0004] Caragana korshinskii is widely distributed in arid and semi-arid regions of northern China. It is characterized by abundant yield, high nutrient content, strong stress resistance, and drought tolerance. It has high CP and crude fiber content, rich amino acid content, and is rich in functional substances such as polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, and coumarins, making it a good non-grain roughage resource.

[0005] In cashmere goat farming, to save on feed costs, farmers often use corn stalks and tamarisk to replace some of the high-quality forage. However, studies have shown that the higher the proportion of corn stalks in the diet, the lower the dry matter intake (DMI) and average daily gain (ADG) of cashmere goats, and the higher the feed conversion ratio (FGR). Another study compared the in vitro fermentation characteristics of corn stalks, tamarisk, and sunflower heads in the rumen of Tan sheep, concluding that although tamarisk has higher nutritional value, it has the lowest in vitro digestibility in Tan sheep, producing lower concentrations of VFA, acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid, resulting in lower feed value. These studies indicate that replacing high-quality roughage solely with corn stalks and tamarisk reduces the fattening performance of goats. Therefore, how to significantly improve the feed value of corn stalks and tamarisk while ensuring or even improving the fattening performance and meat quality of cashmere goats has become a key technical problem urgently needing to be solved in the current cashmere goat farming industry. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a diet formula for improving the fattening performance and meat quality of cashmere goats and its application, as detailed below: A diet formula for improving the fattening performance and meat quality of cashmere goats, the diet formula comprising, on a dry matter basis, corn stalks, Caragana korshinskii and Artemisia argyi crude polysaccharide; wherein the amount of corn stalks and Caragana korshinskii added is 40-60%; the amount of Artemisia argyi crude polysaccharide added is 0.07-0.13%, and the remainder is high-quality forage.

[0007] Preferably, the amount of corn stalks and Caragana korshinskii added is 50%; the amount of Artemisia argyi crude polysaccharide added is 0.1%, and the remainder is high-quality forage grass.

[0008] Preferably, the mass ratio of corn stalks to caragana twigs is 1:1 to 2:1.

[0009] Preferably, the high-quality forage includes one or more of sheepgrass, alfalfa, and oat grass.

[0010] Preferably, the preparation method of the crude polysaccharide from Artemisia annua is as follows: S1. Raw material processing: Air-dry the black sand wormwood naturally for 1-2 weeks, take its stems, stalks and leaves, chop them into 1-2 cm pieces and mix them evenly; S2. Water extraction: Mix the material obtained in step S1 with distilled water at a mass-volume ratio of 1:10-1:20, extract in a constant temperature water bath at 60-80℃, filter, and collect the filtrate. S3. Concentration: The filtrate obtained in step S2 is concentrated by rotary evaporation to obtain a concentrated solution; S4. Alcohol precipitation: Add anhydrous ethanol to the concentrated solution obtained in step S3 to precipitate the solution and let it stand at 3-5℃ for 44-52 hours. S5. Drying: Discard the supernatant obtained in step S4, collect the lower precipitate, and freeze-dry it under vacuum to obtain crude polysaccharide powder of Artemisia annua.

[0011] Preferably, in step S4, the volume ratio of the concentrate to anhydrous ethanol is 1:3-5.

[0012] Secondly, the present invention provides the application of the described diet formula in the preparation of products for improving the fattening performance of cashmere goats.

[0013] Preferably, improving the fattening performance of cashmere goats includes at least one of increasing average daily gain (ADG) and decreasing feed conversion ratio (FGR).

[0014] Thirdly, the present invention provides the application of the diet formulation in the preparation of products for improving the quality of cashmere goat meat.

[0015] Preferably, the improvement of cashmere goat meat quality includes at least one of the following: reducing muscle water loss and cooking loss, increasing meat color redness value (a* value), and increasing crude protein (CP) content in the gluteal muscle.

[0016] Fourthly, the dietary formula provided by this invention is used in the preparation of products for improving the rumen fermentation function of cashmere goats.

[0017] Preferably, the improvement of rumen fermentation function in cashmere goats includes increasing at least one of the following: rumen ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration, bacterial protein (BCP) concentration, and total volatile fatty acid (TVFS1) concentration.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. This invention replaces 50% of high-quality forage with corn stalks and Caragana korshinskii, and adds Artemisia argyi crude polysaccharide under the replacement conditions. The nutritional regulation effects on the growth performance, fattening performance, and meat quality of cashmere goats were systematically studied. Further evidence from the perspectives of nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation parameters, and blood biochemical indicators demonstrates that adding nutritional regulators under the replacement conditions can achieve the same effect as feeding high-quality forage, and even improve growth and fattening performance, enhance meat quality, increase the combined utilization efficiency of regional roughage resources, accelerate the development and application of environmentally friendly feed additives, guide the livestock industry towards environmentally friendly upgrading, thereby providing continuous impetus for the green development of the industry, effectively improving the ecological benefits and resource conversion efficiency of livestock production, and helping modern animal husbandry achieve low-carbon and sustainable development goals.

[0019] 2. The diet formula provided by this invention stimulates the appetite of cashmere goats and increases dry matter intake by adding Artemisia annua crude polysaccharide, thereby promoting weight gain. Experimental results show that compared with the group that only uses corn stalks and Caragana korshinskii to replace high-quality forage (CST group), the group with added Artemisia annua crude polysaccharide (CSTA group) has significantly increased average daily weight gain in the early, late and all periods of the experiment (P<0.01), with an average daily weight gain of 23.67% higher throughout the entire period. This indicates that Artemisia annua crude polysaccharide can effectively promote the growth rate of cashmere goats. Adding Artemisia annua crude polysaccharide to the diet that uses corn stalks and Caragana korshinskii to replace high-quality forage significantly increases the average daily weight gain of cashmere goats, which helps to shorten the fattening cycle and improve breeding efficiency.

[0020] 3. The diet formula provided by this invention improves the digestibility and absorption rate of nutrients in the diet of cashmere goats by adding black wormwood crude polysaccharide, reducing feed waste and thus lowering the feed conversion ratio. Experimental results show that the feed conversion ratio of the CSTA group is significantly lower than that of the CST group (P<0.01), decreasing by 14.6% over the entire period. With the same feed input, more meat products can be obtained. At the same time, experimental data show that the profit of the CSTA group is 44.79 yuan / head higher than that of the CST group and 15.81 yuan / head higher than that of the high-quality pasture group (CON group), significantly improving economic benefits.

[0021] 4. Corn stalks and Caragana korshinskii, as local non-grain roughage, have relatively low nutritional value and are not effective when fed directly. This invention improves the palatability and digestibility of these low-quality roughages by adding Artemisia argyi crude polysaccharide, thereby increasing their utilization value. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a technical roadmap for the experimental part of the present invention; Figure 2 This is the standard curve for NH3-N concentration. Detailed Implementation

[0023] Example 1 A diet formula for improving the fattening performance and meat quality of cashmere goats, the diet formula being based on dry matter and comprising corn stalks, Caragana korshinskii, and Artemisia argyi crude polysaccharide; wherein the corn stalks and Caragana korshinskii together replace 40% of the high-quality forage in the basal diet; and the amount of Artemisia argyi crude polysaccharide added is 0.07% of the total weight of the diet formula.

[0024] Moreover, the mass ratio of corn stalks to twigs is 1:1.

[0025] Moreover, the high-quality forage grass mentioned is sheep grass.

[0026] Furthermore, the preparation method of the crude polysaccharide from Artemisia annua is as follows: S1. Raw material processing: Air-dry the black sand wormwood naturally for 1 week, take its stems, stalks and leaves, chop them into 1 cm pieces and mix them evenly; S2, Water extraction: The material obtained in step S1 is mixed with distilled water at a mass-to-volume ratio of 1:10, and extracted in a constant temperature water bath at 60°C. The mixture is then filtered and the filtrate is collected. S3. Concentration: The filtrate obtained in step S2 is concentrated by rotary evaporation to obtain a concentrated solution; S4, alcohol precipitation: Add anhydrous ethanol to the concentrated solution obtained in step S3 to precipitate the solution, and let it stand at 3°C ​​for 44 hours to precipitate. S5. Drying: Discard the supernatant obtained in step S4, collect the lower precipitate, and freeze-dry it under vacuum to obtain crude polysaccharide powder of Artemisia annua.

[0027] Furthermore, in step S4, the volume ratio of the concentrate to anhydrous ethanol is 1:3.

[0028] Example 2 A diet formula for improving the fattening performance and meat quality of cashmere goats, the diet formula being based on dry matter and comprising corn stalks, Caragana korshinskii, and Artemisia argyi crude polysaccharide; wherein the corn stalks and Caragana korshinskii together replace 60% of the high-quality forage in the basal diet; and the amount of Artemisia argyi crude polysaccharide added is 0.13% of the total weight of the diet formula.

[0029] Moreover, the mass ratio of corn stalks to twigs is 2:1.

[0030] Moreover, the high-quality forage mentioned is alfalfa.

[0031] Furthermore, the preparation method of the crude polysaccharide from Artemisia annua is as follows: S1. Raw material processing: Air-dry the black sand wormwood naturally for 1-2 weeks, take its stems, stalks and leaves, chop them into 2 cm pieces and mix them evenly; S2, Water extraction: The material obtained in step S1 is mixed with distilled water at a mass-to-volume ratio of 1:20, and extracted in a constant temperature water bath at 80°C. The mixture is then filtered and the filtrate is collected. S3. Concentration: The filtrate obtained in step S2 is concentrated by rotary evaporation to obtain a concentrated solution; S4. Alcohol precipitation: Add anhydrous ethanol to the concentrated solution obtained in step S3 to precipitate the solution and let it stand at 5°C for 52 hours to precipitate. S5. Drying: Discard the supernatant obtained in step S4, collect the lower precipitate, and freeze-dry it under vacuum to obtain crude polysaccharide powder of Artemisia annua.

[0032] Furthermore, in step S4, the volume ratio of the concentrate to anhydrous ethanol is 1:5.

[0033] Example 3 A diet formula for improving the fattening performance and meat quality of cashmere goats, the diet formula being based on dry matter and comprising corn stalks, Caragana korshinskii, and Artemisia argyi crude polysaccharide; wherein the corn stalks and Caragana korshinskii together replace 50% of the high-quality forage in the basal diet; and the amount of Artemisia argyi crude polysaccharide added is 0.1% of the total weight of the diet formula.

[0034] Furthermore, the mass ratio of corn stalks to twigs is 1.5:1.

[0035] Moreover, the high-quality forage mentioned is oat grass.

[0036] Furthermore, the preparation method of the crude polysaccharide from Artemisia annua is as follows: S1. Raw material processing: Air-dry the black sand wormwood naturally for 1.5 weeks, take its stems, stalks and leaves, chop them into 1.5 cm pieces and mix them evenly; S2, Water extraction: The material obtained in step S1 is mixed with distilled water at a mass-to-volume ratio of 1:15, and extracted in a constant temperature water bath at 70°C. The mixture is then filtered and the filtrate is collected. S3. Concentration: The filtrate obtained in step S2 is concentrated by rotary evaporation to obtain a concentrated solution; S4, alcohol precipitation: Add anhydrous ethanol to the concentrated solution obtained in step S3 to precipitate the solution, and let it stand at 4°C for 48 hours to precipitate. S5. Drying: Discard the supernatant obtained in step S4, collect the lower precipitate, and freeze-dry it under vacuum to obtain crude polysaccharide powder of Artemisia annua.

[0037] Furthermore, in step S4, the volume ratio of the concentrate to anhydrous ethanol is 1:4.

[0038] Experimental Section The technical route of the following experiment is as follows: Figure 1 As shown.

[0039] Experiment 1: Effects of adding Artemisia argyi crude polysaccharide to cashmere goats under conditions where corn stalks and Caragana korshinskii replace high-quality forage on fattening performance, slaughter performance, and meat quality. 1. Experimental Materials Extraction of crude polysaccharides from Artemisia annua: The whole Artemisia annua plant was collected from Ordos City, Inner Mongolia, and naturally air-dried for 1-2 weeks. The whole Artemisia annua plant was chopped to about 1.5cm, mixed evenly, and mixed with distilled water at a ratio of 1:15. The mixture was boiled in a constant temperature water bath at 70℃ for 4 hours. After filtration, the filtrate was concentrated in a rotary evaporator. After concentration, it was mixed with anhydrous ethanol (concentrate: anhydrous ethanol = 1:4, V / V). The crude polysaccharides were precipitated at 4℃ for 48 hours. The supernatant of the ethanol precipitation was discarded, and the resulting solution was freeze-dried under vacuum to prepare powder for storage.

[0040] Experimental instruments and equipment: fiber analyzer (ANKOF), high-speed grinder (CH-200A), rotary evaporator (RE-201D), ultrasonic cell disruptor (JY92-ⅡDN), optical microscope (BX43F), high-precision portable pH meter (F2-Standard), analytical balance (BSA224S-CW), multifunctional microplate reader (EL-X800, Bio-TEK), high-speed centrifuge (5810R), gas chromatograph (GC2014), adjustable temperature water bath, shaker, etc.

[0041] 2. Experimental Animals and Experimental Design The experiment employed a single-factor, completely randomized experimental design. Twenty-seven healthy Albas white cashmere goats, aged one year and with similar body condition, were randomly divided into three groups of nine goats each, with three replicates of three goats per replicate. The CON group was fed a total mixed ration (TMR) of high-quality roughage (sheepgrass + alfalfa + oat hay); the CST group was fed a TMR with 50% of the high-quality roughage replaced by corn stalks and Caragana korshinskii; and the CSTA group received the CST group's TMR diet supplemented with 0.1% Artemisia argyi crude polysaccharide. Feeding was conducted at 7:00 AM and 3:00 PM daily, with free access to water. At the end of the experiment, eight goats from each group were randomly selected for slaughter. Prior to slaughter, the goats were fasted for 24 hours and deprived of water for 2 hours. The pre-feeding period was one week, and the formal trial period was 14 weeks, for a total of 15 weeks. The formal trial period was divided into an early stage (weeks 1-7) and a late stage (weeks 8-14). The basic diet was formulated according to the feeding standards for meat sheep (2004). The nutritional level of roughage is shown in Table 1, and the composition and nutritional level of the diet are shown in Table 2.

[0042] Table 1. Nutritional levels of roughage (DM basis)

[0043] Table 2. Basal Diet and Nutritional Levels (DM Basal)

[0044] Note: (1) Each kilogram of premix provides: Fe 8g, Cu 1.6g, Zn 10g, Mn 6g, I 60mg, Se 60mg, Co 50mg, VA 1200.000 IU, VD3 500000 IU, VE 2500 IU, VK3 360 mg, VB1 7mg, VB2 1700mg, VB6 180 mg, niacin 4400 mg, D-pantothenic acid 3400 mg, VB12 6mg, biotin 28mg, folic acid 300mg; (2) Except for DE, which are calculated values, all other values ​​in the table are measured values.

[0045] 3. Measurement Indicators and Methods 3.1 Fattening performance At the start of the formal trial period, all sheep were weighed on an empty stomach before morning feeding, and their initial weight was recorded. Thereafter, they were weighed every two weeks, and their weight was recorded, with ADG (Advanced Feed Generation) calculated at different stages. Furthermore, during the formal trial, ADG, DMI (Dry Migration Index), and FGR (Frequency Growing Rate) were calculated based on daily records of feed intake and surplus in each pen. The calculation formulas are as follows: Average daily weight gain (ADG) = TWG / 98 (1) Dry matter intake (DMI) = (feed input - feed residue) / number of sheep per pen (2) Feed conversion ratio (FGR) = DMI / ADG (3) 3.2 Slaughter performance Dressing percentage is calculated based on live weight and carcass weight. All cashmere goats were weighed on an empty stomach before slaughter, and this pre-slaughter live weight was recorded. Carcass weight refers to the weight of the remaining carcass after slaughter and thorough bleeding, removal of the head and hooves, stripping of the skin and hair, and removal of the internal organs (excluding the kidneys and perirenal fat). Dressing percentage is the percentage of carcass weight to live weight after slaughter, calculated using the following formula: Slaughter rate (%) = Carcass weight / Pre-slaughter live weight × 100% (4) (2) Use vernier calipers to measure the tissue thickness at a distance of 11 cm from the midline of the spine between the 12th and 13th ribs, i.e., the GR value (mm).

[0046] (3) The area of ​​the eye muscle refers to the cross-sectional area of ​​the longissimus dorsi muscle on the spine between the first and second ribs of the carcass. During slaughter, the outline of the cross-section of the eye muscle is drawn on sulfuric acid drawing paper, and then its area (cm²) is measured using a planimeter. 2 ).

[0047] 3.3 Meat quality After slaughter, the carcass was bisected along the midline of the spine at room temperature, and the longissimus dorsi muscle of the left side was harvested for meat quality index determination. The methods for determining meat quality indexes were based on those reported in *Bovine Production Science*, edited by Zan Linsen. Specific indexes and methods are as follows: Meat color: 30 minutes after slaughter, a meat sample of approximately 5 cm² was taken using a circular sampler with a diameter of 2.53 cm. 2 A 1cm thick sample of the longest dorsal muscle was used to measure the flesh-colored luminance (L) using a colorimeter. * ); Redness (a * Yellowness (b) * Repeat the test three times and take the average of the three measurements.

[0048] (2) pH: The pH of the muscle was measured at 45 min and 24 h post-mortem. 45minAfter slaughter, 10g samples of the same part of the longissimus dorsi muscle were taken from each test sheep. Three different points were taken from each longissimus dorsi muscle. Approximately 45 minutes after slaughter, the drill bit of the meat sample pH meter was inserted 0.5-1cm into the meat sample. After the value stabilized, the reading was accurately taken. This was repeated three times, and the average of the three measurements was taken. The meat was then stored in a 4°C refrigerator. 24h The 24-hour muscle pH was measured using the same method described above.

[0049] (3) Water loss rate: determined by pressure method. Within 30-45 minutes after slaughter, a sample of approximately 5 cm² area was taken from the sheep using a circular sampler with a diameter of 2.532 cm. 2 A 1cm thick sample of the longest back muscle was immediately weighed using a balance with a sensitivity of 0.001g and recorded as (m1). Eighteen layers of qualitative filter paper were placed above and below the meat sample, which was then placed on a computer-controlled meat pressing machine and pressurized to 35kg. After 5 minutes, the pressure was removed, and the weight of the meat sample was immediately recorded as (m2). The weight difference before and after pressurization is the water loss weight of the meat sample. The calculation formula is as follows: Water loss rate (%) = (m1-m2) / m1×100% (5) (4) Drip loss: Take approximately 20g of sample from the longissimus dorsi muscle on the left side along the muscle fiber direction, cut it into pieces measuring 1.5×1.5×3cm, weigh it accurately and record the weight as W1, then suspend it in a drip loss bottle, ensuring it does not touch the sides, tighten the cap, and let it stand in a 4℃ refrigerator for 24 hours. After that, remove it, wipe the surface moisture of the meat sample with filter paper, weigh it accurately and record the weight as W2. The calculation formula is as follows: Drip loss (%) = (W1-W2) / W1 ×100% (6) (5) Cooking loss: This refers to the weight ratio of cooked meat to raw meat, reflecting the water retention of mutton during cooking. 24 hours after slaughter, the longest muscle sample from the back was weighed and recorded. It was placed in a resealable bag and left at room temperature for 15 minutes, then placed in water at 80℃. When the core temperature of the meat reached 72℃, it was cooked for another 5 minutes. The meat sample was then removed, cooled to room temperature, and its weight was measured. The formula for calculating cooking loss is as follows: Cooking loss (%) = Weight of meat sample after cooking / Weight of meat sample before cooking × 100% (7) (6) Shear force: After placing the longest back muscle sample in a 4℃ refrigerator for 24 hours, take 20g of meat sample and place it in an 85℃ water bath. After 30 minutes, take it out and let it cool to room temperature. Cut the meat sample into strips of 5cm×1cm×1cm and shear it using a shearing instrument at a speed of 200mm / min. Cut each strip of meat 3 times and record the shear force. Calculate the average value of the 3 shear forces.

[0050] (7) Conventional nutritional components of meat samples: After slaughter, take meat samples (200 g each) from the left longissimus dorsi, triceps brachii, biceps femoris, and gluteus muscles and place them in numbered sealed plastic bags. Tighten the bag mouths and immediately store them at -20°C for the determination of conventional nutritional components of meat samples. The adsorbed water content is determined by the direct drying method (GB 18394—2001), the CP content is determined by the Kjeldahl method (GB 5009.6—2016), and the EE content is determined by the Soxhlet extraction method (GB / T 6432—2018).

[0051] 4 Data processing The experimental data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA using SAS 8.0 software, and multiple comparisons were performed using the Duncan method. When P < 0.05, the differences between groups were significant; when P > 0.05, the differences between groups were not significant, and when 0.05 < P ≤ 0.10, the differences between groups tended to be significant.

[0052] 5. Results 5.1 Effects of Artemisia ordosica crude polysaccharide on the fattening performance of cashmere goats under the condition of replacing high-quality forage with corn straw and Caragana korshinskii The results are shown in Table 3.

[0053] Table 3 Effects of Artemisia ordosica crude polysaccharide on the fattening performance of cashmere goats

[0054] Note: SEM is the standard error of the mean. Data in the same row with different superscripts indicate significant differences, that is P ≤0.05; 0.05 < P ≤0.10 indicates that the differences between groups tend to be significant. The same applies to the following tables.

[0055] As can be seen from Table 3, in the early stage of the experiment, the ADG of the CON group and the CSTA group was significantly higher than that of the CST group ( P = 0.001, P = 0.001), and there was no significant difference between the CON group and the CSTA group ( P> 0.05); the DMI of the CSTA group was significantly higher than that of the CST group and the CON group ( P = 0.025), and there was no significant difference in DMI between the CON group and the CST group ( P> 0.05); the FGR of the CST group was significantly higher than that of the CON group and the CSTA group ( P = 0.001), and there was no significant difference in FGR between the CON group and the CSTA group ( P> 0.05). In the later stage of the experiment, the ADG of the CON group and the CSTA group was significantly higher than that of the CST group ( P = 0.001, P = 0.008), and there was no significant difference in FGR between the CON group and the CSTA groupP> 0.05); there were no significant differences in DMI and FGR among the groups ( P> 0.05). Throughout the trial, the ADG in the CON and CSTA groups was significantly higher than that in the CST group ( P =0.001, P =0.001), there was no significant difference in ADG between the CON group and the CSTA group ( P> 0.05); the FGR of the CST group was significantly higher than that of the CON group and the CSTA group ( P The FGR of the CON group and the CSTA group was not significantly different (=0.001). P> 0.05); the DMI of the CSTA group was significantly higher than that of the CON and CST groups, while the DMI difference between the CON and CST groups was not significant ( P> 0.05). There was no significant difference in initial body weight among the groups. P= 0.533); the final weight of the CSTA group was significantly higher than that of the CST group ( P =0.013), there was no significant difference in final weight between the CON group and the CSTA group ( ). P> 0.05).

[0056] 5.2 Effects of crude polysaccharide from Artemisia annua on the slaughter performance of cashmere goats under conditions where corn stalks and Caragana korshinskii replaced high-quality forage. The results are shown in Table 4 (slaughter performance) and Table 5 (economic benefits).

[0057] Table 4. Effects of Artemisia annua crude polysaccharide on the slaughter performance of cashmere goats.

[0058] Table 5 Economic Benefit Analysis

[0059] As shown in Table 4, the pre-slaughter live weight, carcass weight, eye muscle area, and dressing percentage of the CON and CSTA groups were significantly higher than those of the CST group. P <0.05), there was no significant difference between the CON group and the CSTA group ( P >0.05). There was no significant difference in GR values ​​among the groups ( P >0.05).

[0060] Table 5 shows that the feed costs for the CON, CST, and CSTA groups were RMB 318.12 / head, RMB 298.50 / head, and RMB 313.11 / head, respectively, with carcass weights of 20.19 kg / head, 18.57 kg / head, and 20.55 kg / head, respectively. Based on a mutton price of RMB 30 / kg, the carcass prices were RMB 605.70 / head, RMB 557.10 / head, and RMB 616.50 / head, respectively. Compared to the CON group, the carcass price of the CST group decreased by RMB 48.6 per animal, while the carcass price of the CSTA group increased by RMB 10.8 per animal; compared to the CST group, the carcass price of the CSTA group increased by RMB 59.4 per animal; the profits of the CON group, CST group, and CSTA group were RMB 287.58 per animal, RMB 258.60 per animal, and RMB 303.39 per animal, respectively; compared to the CON group, the profit of the CST group decreased by RMB 28.98 per animal, while the profit of the CSTA group increased by RMB 15.81 per animal; compared to the CST group, the profit of the CSTA group increased by RMB 44.79 per animal.

[0061] 5.3 Study on the Effects of Crude Polysaccharide from Artemisia annua on the Quality of Cashmere Goat Meat under the Condition of Substituting High-Quality Forage with Corn Stalks and Caragana korshinskii The results are shown in Table 6.

[0062] Table 6. Effects of Artemisia annua crude polysaccharide on the quality of cashmere goat meat.

[0063] As shown in Table 6, the water loss rate of the CST group was significantly higher than that of the CON group and the CSTA group. P= 0.001), with the CSTA group having the lowest water loss rate ( P> 0.05); the drip loss of the CON group was significantly higher than that of the CST and CSTA groups. P= The difference in drip loss between the CST group and the CSTA group was not significant (0.008). P> 0.05); the cooking loss in the CST group was significantly higher than that in the CON and CSTA groups ( P= 0.001), with the CON group showing the lowest cooking loss ( P< 0.05); CON group and CSTA group a * The values ​​were all higher than those of the CST group ( P= 0.033), there was no significant difference between the CON group and the CSTA group ( P> 0.05); the b* value of the CST group was significantly higher than that of the CON group and the CSTA group ( P= 0.001), especially the lowest in the CSTA group ( P< 0.05). pH differences between groups. 45min pH 24h Shear force, L * The values ​​did not differ significantly ( P>0.05).

[0064] 5.4 Effects of corn stalks and Caragana korshinskii as substitutes for high-quality forage on crude polysaccharides from Artemisia argyi on crude protein and crude fat content in cashmere goat muscle The results are shown in Table 7.

[0065] Table 7. Effects of crude polysaccharide from Artemisia annua on the protein and fat content of cashmere goat muscle (air-dried basis)

[0066] As shown in Table 7, the water adsorbed in the gluteal muscles of the CST group was significantly higher than that of the CON group and the CSTA group. P= 0.001), especially the lowest in the CON group ( P< 0.05). There were no significant differences in crude protein and crude fat content among the remaining groups. P> 0.05).

[0067] in conclusion: I. Effects on the fattening and slaughter performance of cashmere goats Under alternative conditions, the addition of Artemisia annua crude polysaccharide to cashmere goats increased DMI, ADG by 23.67%, decreased FGR by 14.6%, and improved dressing percentage by 5.65%, achieving the same effect as the high-quality forage group. Simultaneously, the feeding cost per goat decreased by 1.5%, and profits increased by 5.5%. This indicates that adding Artemisia annua crude polysaccharide can improve the DMI and feed conversion ratio of cashmere goats, promote ADG, increase dressing percentage, and improve fattening and slaughter performance, achieving similar effects to high-quality forage. Furthermore, it reduces feed costs, increases profits, and improves economic efficiency.

[0068] II. Impact on the quality of cashmere goat meat Compared with the feeding effects of replacing high-quality forage with corn stalks and Caragana korshinskii, the addition of Artemisia argyi crude polysaccharide after replacing high-quality forage not only reduced muscle water loss, drip loss, and cooking loss, but also enhanced muscle water retention, improved muscle tenderness, increased a* value, decreased b* value, and improved meat color. It also increased the CP content in the gluteal muscle, indicating that the addition of Artemisia argyi crude polysaccharide after replacing high-quality forage with corn stalks and Caragana korshinskii can improve muscle tenderness, meat color, and nutrient content, achieving the same effect as high-quality forage. This may be because the addition of Artemisia argyi crude polysaccharide improves rumen fermentation function in cashmere goats, increases nutrient digestibility, promotes nutrient deposition in muscle, and thus improves fattening and slaughter performance, and improves meat quality. Therefore, further research is needed to explore the mechanisms by which corn stalks and Caragana korshinskii replace high-quality forage and the subsequent addition of Artemisia argyi crude polysaccharide on rumen fermentation parameters and nutrient digestibility.

[0069] In summary: (1) Compared with the high-quality forage group, replacing high-quality forage with corn stalks and Caragana korshinskii reduced the ADG, live weight before slaughter, and eye muscle area of ​​cashmere goats, and increased FGR. Compared with the high-quality forage group, adding Artemisia argyi crude polysaccharide increased the ADG of cashmere goats by 23.67%, reduced the feed conversion ratio by 14.6%, and increased the slaughter rate by 5.65%, achieving similar effects to the high-quality forage group. Furthermore, the feeding cost was reduced by 1.5%, and the profit was increased by 5.5%.

[0070] (2) Compared with the high-quality forage group, corn stalks and Caragana korshinskii replacing high-quality forage increased muscle water loss, cooking loss, and β-carotene. * Value; compared with the group that replaced high-quality forage with corn stalks and Caragana korshinskii, the addition of Artemisia argyi crude polysaccharide reduced muscle water loss and cooking loss, and improved muscle water retention capacity. * Value, decrease b * It improves muscle color and increases CP content in the gluteal muscles, achieving similar effects to the high-quality forage group.

[0071] Experiment 2: Effects of Artemisia annua crude polysaccharide on nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation in cashmere goats under conditions where corn stalks and Caragana korshinskii replaced high-quality forage. 1. Experimental Materials Same as Experiment 1.

[0072] 2. Experimental Animals and Experimental Design Same as Experiment 1.

[0073] 2.1 Collection of rumen fluid During the mid-term of the experiment, rumen fluid was collected from the mouths of cashmere goats using a rumen fluid sampler. The rumen fluid was then filtered through four layers of gauze, and its pH value was immediately measured. The filtered rumen fluid was shaken well and poured into a 50 mL centrifuge tube. One mL of the filtrate was transferred to a test tube containing 4 mL of a mixed solution of methyl green formalin for protozoan fixation and stored at room temperature in the dark. 0.5 mL of the filtrate was transferred to a centrifuge tube containing 4.5 mL of 0.2 mol / L hydrochloric acid for NH3-N fixation; 4 mL of the supernatant was transferred to a centrifuge tube containing 1 mL of 25% metaphosphate for VFA fixation; and 5 mL of rumen fluid was used for BCP determination. All samples were stored at -20°C. At the end of the experiment, eight cashmere goats from each group were randomly selected for slaughter, and rumen fluid was collected from the rumen using the same preparation and storage methods as during the mid-term of the experiment.

[0074] 2.2 Collection of fecal samples Two digestion tests were conducted during the middle and one week before the end of the experiment, and the digestibility of nutrients was determined using the total fecal collection method. Cashmere goats in each group had free access to feed and water. During the digestion test, fecal samples were collected daily at 7:00, 11:00, 15:00, and 19:00 for 7 consecutive days. 100g of fecal samples were collected from each goat daily after mixing, and the results were used to determine the digestibility of nutrients.

[0075] 3. Measurement Indicators and Methods 3.1 Nutrient digestibility The digestibility of nutrients was determined using the total manure collection method. The indicators measured included the digestibility of dry matter (DM), CP, EE, NDF, and ADF. The determination of DM, adsorbed water, CP, EE, NDF, and ADF in feed and manure samples was based on the method described in "Feed Analysis and Feed Quality Testing Technology" edited by Zhang Liying. The apparent digestibility of each nutrient in the feed was calculated using the following formula: Apparent digestibility of a certain nutrient in feed (%) = [DMI (kg) × content of a certain nutrient in feed (%) - amount of feces (kg) × content of a certain nutrient in feces (%)] ÷ (DMI (kg) × content of a certain nutrient in feed (%)) × 100% (8) 3.2 Rumen fermentation parameters (1) Protozoan counting After mixing the fermentation broth with a methyl green formalin staining solution and incubating overnight (ensuring the protozoa are stained), counting is performed. A coverslip is placed over the counting area, and using a plastic pipette (with a tip greater than 1.0 mm), the fixed protozoan dilution is continuously added along the grooves into the hemocytometer until the counting chamber is full. Counting is then performed under a microscope. The counting area is 3.0 mm long and wide, divided into 9 large squares, each with an area of ​​0.1 mm². 2 The volume is 0.1mm. 3 Each sample is counted in 5 large squares in the upper and lower counting areas (including 4 large squares in the four corners and 1 large square in the center), for a total of 10 large squares. The number of protozoa in the above 10 squares is added together and the number of protozoa is calculated according to the following formula.

[0076] Protozoa count (cells / mL) = N / 10 × 18 × 1000 / 2 / 0.9 × D = 5 × N × 10 3 (9) The letters and numbers in equation (9) have the following meanings: N: The total number of protozoa in the 10 squares; 10: The squares involved in the counting; 18: The total number of large squares in the upper and lower counting areas; 1000:1mm 3 The constant when converted to 1 mL; 2: There are two counting areas in total, one above the other; 0.9: Volume of the counting area, in mm 3 ; D: Sample dilution factor (diluted 5 times); (2) NH3-N concentration Colorimetric method, standard curve as follows Figure 2As shown in the figure, the horizontal axis represents nitrogen content (mg / 100ml), and the vertical axis represents absorbance. The obtained regression equation is: y=0.2914x+0.2868 (R2=0.9996). (3) BCP concentration Centrifuge rumen fluid (4000 rpm, 4°C, 15 min), transfer 1.2 mL of supernatant to a 1.5 mL centrifuge tube, centrifuge (12000 rpm, 4°C, 25 min), discard the supernatant, add 1 mL of 0.9% physiological saline to wash the precipitate, centrifuge (12000 rpm, 4°C, 20 min), discard the supernatant, repeat the above steps once, add 1 mL of bacterial protein extraction buffer (Kangwei Century Bacterial Protein Extraction Kit) to resuspend the extract, incubate at room temperature for 15 min, centrifuge (15000 x g, 4°C, 5 min), transfer 25 μL of supernatant to a 2 mL centrifuge tube, add 1.5 mL of Coomassie Brilliant Blue chromogenic solution (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute), vortex thoroughly, let stand for 10 min, then spot 200 μL of the mixture, blank solution, and standard solution into a 96-well plate, and measure the absorbance at 595 nm using a microplate reader. Calculate the BCP concentration according to the kit instructions. The formula is as follows: Protein concentration of the sample to be tested (g / L) = (A 测 -A 空 ) / (A 标 -A 空 )×C 标 ×N (10) The letters and numbers in equation (10) have the following meanings: C 标 Standard solution concentration: 0.524 g / L (specific concentration label) N: Dilution factor of the sample before measurement; (4) Determination of VFA concentration The determination of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and total VFA was performed using gas chromatography. The main steps are as follows: I. Reagent preparation and marking preparation a. 2-Ethylbutyric acid (2-EB) internal standard solution: Accurately weigh 25 g metaphosphoric acid and 0.217 mL 2-EB, dissolve in distilled water and bring the volume to 100 mL, and store at 4 °C.

[0077] b. Mixed standard stock solution: Measure 330 μL of acetic acid, 400 μL of propionic acid, 30 μL of isobutyric acid, 160 μL of butyric acid, 40 μL of isovaleric acid, and 50 μL of valeric acid respectively, mix with distilled water, and make up to 100 mL. Shake well and store at 4 °C.

[0078] c. Gradual dilution of standard solutions: Add 0.2 mL of 2-EB internal standard solution to five 1.5 mL centrifuge tubes, followed by adding 200 μL, 400 μL, 600 μL, 800 μL and 1000 μL of mixed standard stock solution, respectively. Make up the volume to 1 mL with distilled water, vortex to mix thoroughly, and use the matching injection needle to measure 1 μL from each of the five gradient dilution standard solutions and add it to the gas chromatograph to plot the standard curve.

[0079] II. Sample Pretreatment Take the sample from -20℃, thaw it, and centrifuge it (4000r / min, 15min, 4℃). Take 1mL of supernatant into a 1.5mL centrifuge tube, add 200μL of 2-EB internal standard solution, vortex to mix, and centrifuge at 10000r / min for 10min to obtain the sample supernatant, which is ready for instrumental analysis.

[0080] III. VFA Concentration Determination The analysis was performed using a Shimadzu 2014 gas chromatograph with a flame ionization detector (FID). The column type was a DB-FFAP capillary column (60m × 0.250mm × 0.50μm). Detection conditions were as follows: injector temperature 220℃, column oven temperature 180℃, detection chamber temperature 250℃, carrier gas was high-purity nitrogen with a flow rate of 1.74 mL / min, linear velocity 32.6 cm / s, split ratio 40:1, purge flow rate 3 mL / min, hydrogen flow rate 55 mL / min, and air flow rate 40 mL / min. 1 μL of sample supernatant was injected using the matching syringe, and the analysis was performed. The concentrations of each VFA were calculated based on the calibration curves.

[0081] 4 Data Processing and Analysis Same as Experiment 1.

[0082] 5. Results 5.1 Effects of corn stalks and Caragana korshinskii as substitutes for high-quality forage on the nutrient digestibility of Artemisia annua crude polysaccharide in cashmere goats The results are shown in Table 8 (early stage) and Table 9 (late stage).

[0083] Table 8. Effects of crude polysaccharide from Artemisia annua on the digestibility of nutrients in cashmere goats (early stage, %)

[0084] Table 9. Effects of Artemisia annua crude polysaccharide on the digestibility of nutrients in cashmere goats (late stage, %)

[0085] As shown in Table 8, in the early stage of the experiment, the digestibility of DM, CP, EE, NDF, and ADF in the CON group was significantly higher than that in the CST and CSTA groups. P=0.001), with the lowest value in the CST group ( P< 0.05).

[0086] As shown in Table 9, the CP digestibility of the CON group and the CSTA group was significantly higher than that of the CST group in the later stage of the experiment. P= 0.004), there was no significant difference between the CON group and the CSTA group ( P> 0.05). There were no significant differences in the digestibility of DM, EE, NDF, and ADF among the groups. P> 0.05).

[0087] 5.2 Effects of corn stalks and Caragana korshinskii as substitutes for high-quality forage on rumen fermentation parameters of cashmere goats using crude polysaccharide from Artemisia argyi. The results are shown in Table 10 (fermentation parameters) and Table 11 (fermentation VFA).

[0088] Table 10 Effects of Artemisia annua crude polysaccharide on rumen fermentation parameters in cashmere goats

[0089] Table 11 Effects of adding Artemisia argyi crude polysaccharide on rumen fermentation of VFA in cashmere goats under conditions where corn stalks and Caragana korshinskii replaced high-quality forage.

[0090] As shown in Table 10, the BCP concentration in the CSTA group was significantly higher than that in the CON and CST groups in the early stage of the experiment. P =0.001), the difference between the CON group and the CST group was not significant ( P >0.05); the number of rumen fermentation protozoa in the CON group was significantly higher than that in the CST and CSTA groups ( P =0.001), there was no significant difference between the CST group and the CSTA group ( P >0.05); there was no significant difference in pH and NH3-N content among the groups ( P >0.05). In the later stages of the experiment, the pH values ​​of the CST and CSTA groups were significantly higher than those of the CON group ( P =0.001), there was no significant difference between the CST group and the CSTA group ( P >0.05); the NH3-N and BCP contents in the CON group were significantly higher than those in the CST and CSTA groups ( P =0.001, P =0.001), especially the CST group had the lowest ( P =0.001); the number of rumen fermentation protozoa in the CON group was significantly higher than that in the CST and CSTA groups ( P =0.022), there was no significant difference between the CST group and the CSTA group ( ). P >0.05).

[0091] As shown in Table 11, there were no significant differences in acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, total VFA, and acetic acid / propionic acid ratio among the groups in the early stage of the experiment. P >0.05%. In the later stages of the experiment, the concentrations of acetic acid and butyric acid in the CON and CSTA groups were significantly higher than those in the CST group ( P =0.002, P =0.001), there was no significant difference between the CON group and the CSTA group ( P >0.05); the concentrations of propionic acid and total VFA in the CON group were significantly higher than those in the CST and CSTA groups ( P =0.001, P =0.001), especially the CST group had the lowest ( P >0.05); there was no significant difference in the ratio of ethyl acetate to pro-ethyl acetate among the groups (P>0.05).

[0092] in conclusion: I. Effects of nutrient digestibility in cashmere goats Compared to the replacement method, adding Artemisia annua crude polysaccharide improved the digestibility of CP (calcium phosphate). This is likely because the bioactive substances in Artemisia annua crude polysaccharide enhance the activity of rumen microorganisms, improving their ability to break down nutrients and thus increasing CP digestibility. The nutrient digestibility reached a level similar to that of high-quality forage. In conclusion, replacing high-quality forage with corn stalks and Caragana korshinskii reduces the digestibility of CP in cashmere goats. Adding Artemisia annua crude polysaccharide promotes CP digestibility in cashmere goats, improves feed utilization, reduces the feed conversion ratio, and consequently improves fattening and slaughter performance.

[0093] II. Effects on Rumen Fermentation Parameters in Cashmere Goats Compared to replacing high-quality forage with corn stalks and Caragana korshinskii, the addition of Artemisia annua crude polysaccharide enhanced the activity of rumen microorganisms, improved their utilization of nutrients, and increased NH3-N and BCP concentrations. In contrast, replacing high-quality forage with corn stalks and Caragana korshinskii inhibited protozoan growth and reproduction, reduced NH3-N and BCP concentrations in the rumen, and suppressed rumen fermentation. The addition of Artemisia annua crude polysaccharide, however, increased rumen microorganism activity, promoted rumen fermentation, increased NH3-N and BCP concentrations, and improved rumen fermentation function.

[0094] Compared with feeding high-quality forage, replacing high-quality forage with a combination of corn stalks and Caragana korshinskii significantly reduced the concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and total VFA. Under the replacement conditions, the addition of Artemisia argyi crude polysaccharide increased the concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and total VFA. This indicates that replacing high-quality forage with corn stalks and Caragana korshinskii leads to a decrease in rumen fermentation function and nutrient digestibility in cashmere goats. VFA is a breakdown product of carbohydrates, and its content decreases with the decrease in fermentation capacity. The addition of Artemisia argyi crude polysaccharide did not significantly change the number of protozoa, but it increased the activity of rumen microorganisms, enhanced the digestion and utilization of nutrients, improved the ability to break down carbohydrates, and consequently increased the concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and total VFA.

[0095] Compared to feeding high-quality forage, replacing high-quality forage with corn stalks and Caragana korshinskii inhibits the growth and reproduction of protozoa, reduces the concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and total VFA in the rumen, and suppresses rumen fermentation function. However, adding Artemisia argyi crude polysaccharide under these replacement conditions can promote rumen fermentation, increase the concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and total VFA, and improve rumen fermentation function.

[0096] Replacing high-quality forage with corn stalks and tamarisk reduces the digestibility of nutrients in cashmere goats, inhibits rumen fermentation, and reduces protozoan populations, thus further decreasing nutrient digestibility. Adding Artemisia argyi crude polysaccharide after replacement promotes nutrient digestion and rumen fermentation, increases the rate of nitrogenous substance decomposition by rumen microorganisms, raises NH3-N concentration, increases BCP synthesis, and raises the concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and total VFA, while maintaining stable rumen pH, thereby improving the digestibility and utilization of dietary nutrients in cashmere goats.

[0097] In summary, (1) replacing 50% of high-quality forage with corn stalks and tamarisk inhibited rumen fermentation, reduced the digestibility of CP, NH3-N, BCP concentration, protozoan number, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and total VFA concentration.

[0098] (2) Adding crude polysaccharide of Artemisia annua after replacing 50% of high-quality forage with corn stalks and Caragana korshinskii can improve rumen fermentation function, increase CP digestibility and the concentration of NH3-N, BCP, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and total VFA in the rumen.

[0099] Experiment 3: Effects of Artemisia annua crude polysaccharide on blood biochemical parameters of cashmere goats under conditions where corn stalks and Caragana korshinskii replaced high-quality forage. 1. Experimental Materials Same as Experiment 1.

[0100] 2. Experimental Animals and Experimental Design Same as Experiment 1.

[0101] On days 0, 49, and 98 of the experiment, fasting jugular vein blood was collected from all cashmere goats. The blood samples were incubated at room temperature for 30 minutes, centrifuged at 3500 rpm for 10 minutes, and then frozen and stored at -20°C for later use.

[0102] 3. Measurement Indicators and Methods 3.1 Serum protein metabolism-related indicators Albumin (ALB), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine (CRE), total protein (TP), urea (UREA), calcium (Ca), and inorganic phosphorus (P).

[0103] 3.2 Serum energy and lipid metabolism related indicators Blood glucose (GLU), total cholesterol (CHOL), and triglycerides (TG).

[0104] 3.3 Determination Method The concentrations of serum AST, ALT, ALP, ALB, GLU, TG, CHOL, UREA, Ca, and PHOS were determined using a Hitachi 7020 fully automated biochemical analyzer with reagent kits from Lepu (Beijing). TP (Coomassie blue luminescence method) and CRE (sarcosine oxidase method) were measured using reagent kits from Nanjing Jiancheng. Specific operating procedures are detailed in the instruction manual.

[0105] 4 Data Processing Same as Experiment 1.

[0106] 5 Results 5.1 Effects of adding Artemisia annua crude polysaccharide on serum protein and energy metabolism in cashmere goats under the condition that corn stalks and Caragana korshinskii replaced high-quality forage in the early stage of the experiment The results are shown in Table 12.

[0107] Table 12 Effects of crude polysaccharide from Artemisia annua on serum biochemical parameters of cashmere goats

[0108] As shown in Table 12, the ALP concentrations in the CON and CSTA groups were significantly higher than those in the CST group. P =0.001), there was no significant difference between the CON group and the CSTA group ( P >0.05); the TP concentration in the CSTA group was significantly higher than that in the CON group and the CST group ( P =0.006), there was no significant difference between the CON group and the CST group ( P >0.05); CHOL levels in the CON and CST groups were significantly higher than those in the CSTA group (P=0.001), while there was no significant difference between the CON and CST groups (P=0.001). P>0.05); the TG concentration in the CON group was significantly higher than that in the CST and CSTA groups (P=0.001), while there was no significant difference between the CST and CSTA groups (P>0.05); there were no significant differences in AST, ALT, ALB, Ca, PHOS, UREA, CRE, and GLU among the groups (P>0.05).

[0109] 5.2 Effects of adding Artemisia annua crude polysaccharide on serum protein and energy metabolism in cashmere goats under the condition that corn stalks and Caragana korshinskii replaced high-quality forage in the later stage of the experiment The results are shown in Table 13.

[0110] Table 13 Effects of crude polysaccharide from Artemisia annua on serum biochemical parameters of cashmere goats

[0111] As shown in Table 13, the AST concentrations in the CON and CSTA groups were significantly higher than those in the CST group. P =0.006), the difference between the CON group and the CSTA group was not significant ( P >0.05); the concentrations of ALT and UREA in the CST group were significantly higher than those in the CON and CSTA groups ( P =0.029), the difference between the CON group and the CSTA group was not significant ( P >0.05); the CHOL concentration in the CST group was significantly higher than that in the CSTA group ( P =0.028), there was no significant difference between the CON group and the CSTA group ( P >0.05); there were no significant differences in the concentrations of ALP, ALB, Ca, PHOS, TP, CRE, TG, and GLU among the groups. P >0.05).

[0112] in conclusion: After adding crude polysaccharide from Artemisia annua under alternative conditions, the activity of rumen microorganisms was regulated, the rumen nitrogen cycle rate increased, the production of NH3-N from decomposition increased, the synthesis of BCP increased, and the concentrations of ALB, TP, and ALP in the blood increased to achieve an effect similar to that of feeding high-quality forage. The utilization rate of NH3-N increased, the concentration of NH3-N entering the blood decreased, and the concentration of UREA in the blood also decreased accordingly.

[0113] Compared with feeding high-quality forage, the AST content decreased and the ALT content increased after substitution, indicating that the combination of corn stalks and Caragana korshinskii as a substitute for high-quality forage has a certain regulatory effect on the liver function of cashmere goats and maintains their health. Compared with feeding high-quality forage, the AST content decreased and the ALT activity increased in the group where corn stalks and Caragana korshinskii replaced 50% of the high-quality forage. Under the substitution conditions, the addition of Artemisia argyi crude polysaccharide increased the AST content and decreased the ALT content, both within the normal range. This indicates that the combination of corn stalks and Caragana korshinskii as a substitute for high-quality forage, along with the addition of Artemisia argyi crude polysaccharide, can maintain normal liver function in cashmere goats and reduce the risk of liver damage.

[0114] Compared to feeding with high-quality forage, the levels of CHOL and TG in the blood of cashmere goats tended to increase after substitution. This indicated a decrease in the utilization of dietary fiber (EE) by cashmere goats, as the CHOL and TG generated from EE decomposition were not utilized by the body in a timely manner, leading to increased CHOL and TG levels in the serum. However, the addition of Artemisia annua crude polysaccharide under substitution conditions showed a decreasing trend in the CHOL and TG levels in the blood of cashmere goats. Artemisia annua crude polysaccharide regulates the digestive and utilization capacity of rumen microorganisms for EE, improves fat utilization, and consequently reduces the CHOL and TG levels in the serum, lowering the feed conversion ratio and improving fattening and slaughter performance.

[0115] In summary, compared with feeding high-quality forage, replacing 50% of high-quality forage with corn stalks and Caragana korshinskii increased the content of ALT and UEA in the serum of cashmere goats and decreased the content of AST. Under the replacement condition, the addition of Artemisia argyi crude polysaccharide increased the content of AST in the serum of cashmere goats and decreased the content of ALT and UEA, achieving similar effects to the high-quality forage group.

[0116] Experiment 4: Effects of Caragana korshinskii + Corn Stalks and Black Artemisia argyi Crude Polysaccharide on Fatty Acid Synthesis in Mutton 1. Materials and Methods 1.1 Experimental Design The experiment employed a single-factor, completely randomized experimental design, selecting 27 healthy Albas white cashmere goats of similar body condition and age (1 year old). These goats were randomly divided into three groups of nine goats each, with three replicates of three goats per replicate. The CON group was fed a total mixed ration (TMR) of high-quality roughage (sheepgrass + alfalfa + oat hay); the CST group was fed a TMR with 50% of the high-quality roughage replaced by Caragana korshinskii + corn stalks; and the CSTA group received the same TMR as the CS group, supplemented with 0.1% Artemisia argyi crude polysaccharide. Feeding was conducted at 7:00 AM and 3:00 PM daily, with free access to water. The pre-feeding period was one week, and the formal trial period was 14 weeks, for a total of 15 weeks. The formal trial period was divided into an early stage (weeks 1-7) and a late stage (weeks 8-14). At the end of the experiment, eight goats from each group were randomly selected for slaughter, and the longissimus dorsi muscle was collected for fatty acid determination.

[0117] 1.2 Measurement Indicators and Methods Measurement indicators: C18:0, C22:6n3 and CLA content in the longissimus dorsi muscle tissue of cashmere goats, including the calculation of the composition ratio of SFA, MUFA, n-3 PUFA, n-3 LCPUFA and PUFA in the longissimus dorsi muscle.

[0118] Determination method: Weigh muscle samples, grind them in liquid nitrogen, and place them in a 25 mL test tube with a Teflon screw cap. Add 0.7 mL of 10N KOH and 5.3 mL of methanol, and incubate in a water bath (55℃, 1.5 h), shaking vigorously for 10 s every 15 min. After cooling to room temperature, add 0.58 mL of 24N sulfuric acid, mix by inverting, and incubate in a water bath at 55℃ for 1.5 h. Then, add 3 mL of n-hexane to the test tube, vortex for 5 min, and use the supernatant for fatty acid content determination. A gas chromatograph (Agilent 9780) was used, with a column model SP-2560 (100 m × 0.25 mm × 0.20 μm). The programmed temperature conditions were: initially 120℃ and held for 5 min, then increased to 230℃ at 4.0℃ / min and held for 3 min, then increased to 24℃ at 1.5℃ / min and held for 20 min. The detector temperature was 280℃; the column flow rate was 1 mL / min; and the split ratio was 9:1.

[0119] 1.3 Data Statistics One-way ANOVA was performed using SAS 9.2, and Duncan's method was used for multiple comparisons. P <0.05 indicates a significant difference between groups. P >0.05 indicates that the difference between groups is not significant.

[0120] 2 Results Analysis As shown in Table 14, compared with CON, the CST group showed an increase of 6.08% and 3.98% in C18:0 and SFA content, respectively, while the CSTA group showed a decrease of 3.91% and 2.24%, respectively; compared with CST, the CSTA group showed a decrease of 15.56% and 5.98% in C18:0 and SFA content, respectively. P <0.05). Compared with the CON group, the CST group showed increases of 33.33%, 24.68%, 20.24%, and 44.74% in C22:6n3, CLA, PUFA, and n-3 PUFA, respectively, while the CSTA group showed increases of 66.67%, 40.26%, 30.12%, and 57.02%, respectively. P <0.05); Compared with the CST group, the CSTA group showed an increase of 25.00%, 12.50%, 8.22%, and 8.48% in C22:6n3 content, respectively. P<0.05%. Compared with the CON group, the CST group showed a 2.94% and 7.35% decrease in UFA content and U / S, respectively, while the CSTA group showed an increase of 1.65% and 2.21%, respectively. P <0.05); Compared with the CST group, the UFA content and U / S ratio in the CSTA group increased by 4.73% and 10.32%, respectively. P <0.05). Compared with the CON group, the n-6 / n-3 ratio decreased by 22.39% in the CST group and by 25.37% in the CSTA group. P <0.05); compared with the CST group, the CSTA group decreased by 3.85%. Compared with the CON group, the CSTA group increased by 33.02% (P / S). P <0.05).

[0121] The CST group, whose diets included Caragana korshinskii and corn stalks, showed increased levels of CLA, C22:6n3, PUFA, n-3 PUFA, and P / S in muscle tissue. The CSTA group, which received a mixture of Caragana korshinskii, corn stalks, and Artemisia annua crude polysaccharide, further increased these levels, by 1.63, 2.00, 1.49, 1.27, and 8.76 times, respectively, compared to the CST group. The CST group also increased C18:0 and SFA levels in muscle tissue. The CSTA group, with the mixture of Caragana korshinskii, corn stalks, and Artemisia annua crude polysaccharide, inhibited the increase in C18:0 and SFA caused by the addition of Caragana korshinskii and corn stalks, with reduction effects 1.64 and 1.56 times, respectively, compared to the CST group. The CST group decreased UFA and U / S, while the CSTA group mitigated the decrease in UFA and U / S caused by the addition of Caragana korshinskii and corn stalks, with increases in UFA and U / S 1.56 and 8.76 times, respectively, compared to the CST group.

[0122] Table 14 Effects of Caragana korshinskii, corn stalks and Artemisia argyi crude polysaccharides on fatty acid composition in cashmere goat back muscle

[0123] Conclusion: Diets supplemented with Caragana korshinskii increased the content of CLA, C22:6n3, PUFA, n-3 PUFA, and P / S in muscle. The combined addition of Caragana korshinskii and Artemisia argyi crude polysaccharide further increased their content, which were 1.63, 2.00, 1.49, 1.27, and 8.76 times higher than those in the Caragana korshinskii-only group, respectively.

[0124] Adding Liriope muscari to the diet increased the C18:0 and SFA content in muscle. The combined addition of Liriope muscari and Artemisia argyi crude polysaccharide inhibited the increase in C18:0 and SFA caused by the addition of Liriope muscari, with the reduction effects being 1.64 and 1.56 times that of the Liriope muscari group, respectively.

[0125] Adding Caragana korshinskii to the diet reduced UFA and U / S. The mixed addition of Caragana korshinskii and Artemisia argyi crude polysaccharide alleviated the decrease in UFA and U / S caused by the addition of Caragana korshinskii. The effect on increasing UFA and U / S was 1.56 and 8.76 times that of the Caragana korshinskii group, respectively.

Claims

1. A dietary formula for improving the fattening performance and meat quality of cashmere goats, characterized in that, The diet formula, based on dry matter mass, includes corn stalks, Caragana korshinskii, and Artemisia argyi crude polysaccharide; wherein the amount of corn stalks and Caragana korshinskii added is 40-60%; the amount of Artemisia argyi crude polysaccharide added is 0.07-0.13%, and the remainder is high-quality forage.

2. The diet formula according to claim 1, characterized in that, The amount of corn stalks and Caragana korshinskii added is 50%; the amount of Artemisia argyi crude polysaccharide added is 0.1%, and the remainder is high-quality forage.

3. The diet formula according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of corn stalks to caragana twigs is 1:1 to 2:

1.

4. The diet formula according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-quality forage includes one or more of sheepgrass, alfalfa, and oat grass.

5. The diet formula according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the crude polysaccharide from Artemisia annua is as follows: S1. Raw material processing: Air-dry the black sand wormwood naturally for 1-2 weeks, take its stems, stalks and leaves, chop them into 1-2cm pieces and mix them evenly; S2, Water extraction: Mix the material obtained in step S1 with distilled water at a mass-volume ratio of 1:10-1:20, extract in a constant temperature water bath at 60-80℃, filter, and collect the filtrate. S3. Concentration: The filtrate obtained in step S2 is concentrated by rotary evaporation to obtain a concentrated solution; S4. Alcohol precipitation: Add anhydrous ethanol to the concentrated solution obtained in step S3 to precipitate the solution and let it stand at 3-5℃ for 44-52 hours. S5. Drying: Discard the supernatant obtained in step S4, collect the lower precipitate, and freeze-dry it under vacuum to obtain crude polysaccharide powder of Artemisia annua.

6. The diet formula according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S4, the volume ratio of the concentrate to anhydrous ethanol is 1:3-5.

7. The use of a diet formulation according to any one of claims 1-6 in the preparation of a product for improving the fattening performance of cashmere goats.

8. The application according to claim 7, characterized in that, The improvement of cashmere goat fattening performance includes at least one of the following: increasing average daily weight gain and reducing feed conversion ratio.

9. The use of a diet formulation according to any one of claims 1-6 in the preparation of a product for improving the quality of cashmere goat meat.

10. The application according to claim 9, characterized in that, The improvement of cashmere goat meat quality includes at least one of the following: reducing muscle water loss and cooking loss, increasing meat color redness value, and increasing crude protein content in the gluteal muscle.

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