Water-cooled biomass gasifier

Abstract

The invention discloses a water-cooled biomass gasifier, which comprises a water-cooled chain grate, a sealed blanking device, a water-cooled spiral feeder, a gasifier body and a burnout furnace, the water-cooled chain grate comprises a chain frame, and the lower part of the chain frame is provided with a self-suction ventilation window and a blast adjusting window; biomass raw materials are conveyed to the water-cooled spiral feeder through the sealed blanking device, and the biomass raw materials are distributed on the upper surface of the chain pair through the water-cooled spiral feeder. The gasification furnace body is arranged above the water-cooled chain grate stoker and used for heating biomass raw materials conveyed on the combustion chain frame to generate biomass gas, the blast adjusting window is located in the range of the burnout furnace, and discharged carbon residues are burnout by adjusting the blast adjusting window. The water-cooled biomass gasifier provided by the invention meets continuous and safe operation, and can burn out carbon residues, so that biomass energy is fully utilized, and the heat value of biomass gas is increased; and the purposes of improving environmental protection benefits and economic benefits are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of biomass energy utilization technology, and in particular to a water-cooled biomass gasifier. Background Technology

[0002] Biomass gas is produced from agricultural and forestry waste (waste firewood, branches, fruit shells, straw, rice husks, bagasse, edible mushroom residue, livestock manure, etc.) as raw material. Under incomplete combustion conditions, a series of physicochemical reactions, including drying, pyrolysis, oxidation, and reduction, break down the chains of high-molecular-weight organic hydrocarbons into lower-molecular-weight carbon, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and a small amount of low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons (i.e., biomass gas). Other components include nitrogen, carbon dioxide, moisture, tar, and particulate matter. The low-calorific-value combustible biomass gas produced by gasification can be burned in a burner for heat utilization. This is an effective method for reducing carbon emissions and rationally disposing of biomass waste, saving energy costs while meeting emission requirements.

[0003] The process of producing biomass gas through pyrolysis is as follows: using biomass as raw material, an appropriate amount of air is introduced into the gasifier, using air as the gasifying agent. After a high-temperature reaction (usually 300℃-800℃), the organic matter is volatilely decomposed into gaseous and solid carbonaceous substances. Biomass pyrolysis is a gas production process carried out under high-temperature anaerobic or non-anaerobic conditions. Under thermal action, higher molecular weight organic hydrocarbons decompose to produce lower molecular weight gases, such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide. The high-temperature (around 380℃) biomass gas from pyrolysis gasification is directly extracted and utilized without condensation. The tar is in a gaseous molecular state, which will not clog the gas pipeline, and it solves the problem of difficult tar treatment and improves the calorific value of the gas.

[0004] Currently, there are three ways to utilize biomass energy for heat. The first is direct combustion, which is a traditional method with low thermal efficiency. The char residue can be completely burned, but nitrogen oxide emissions are difficult to control and do not meet environmental emission requirements. The second is semi-gasification combustion, which is prone to coking in the furnace and burners, requiring frequent shutdowns for treatment. The char residue cannot be completely burned, and nitrogen oxide emissions are difficult to control and do not meet environmental emission requirements. The third is full gasification combustion, which has high thermal efficiency, and nitrogen oxide emissions are easy to control and treat to meet environmental emission requirements. The gasification conversion rate is about 70%, the char content in the ash is about 30%, and it can operate continuously and stably for a long time. Most existing biomass gasification furnaces use the third method. However, these furnaces can only convert and utilize about 70% of the biomass feedstock, and the discharged ash still contains a significant amount of carbon, resulting in resource waste and increased difficulty in ash treatment. Furthermore, existing biomass gasification furnaces are prone to bursting due to excessive air entering the furnace during feeding. Additionally, the cooling and heat dissipation methods of existing biomass gasification furnaces are generally ineffective, leading to excessive heat accumulation after prolonged continuous operation and impacting their lifespan. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, this application provides a water-cooled biomass gasifier that meets the requirements of continuous and safe operation and solves various problems encountered by traditional biomass gasifier equipment, so as to make full use of biomass energy and achieve the purpose of improving environmental protection and economic benefits.

[0006] A water-cooled biomass gasifier according to a first aspect of this application includes: a water-cooled chain grate, the water-cooled chain grate comprising a chain web for conveying biomass feedstock and charcoal slag along a first horizontal direction, the chain web being composed of a plurality of grate plates and grate pins, with gaps formed between the grate plates, and a self-priming ventilation window and a blower regulating window provided at the lower part of the chain web; a sealed feeder and a water-cooled screw feeder, the water-cooled screw feeder comprising a main shaft extending across the water-cooled chain grate along a second horizontal direction, the second horizontal direction being perpendicular to the first horizontal direction, the main shaft being provided with screw blades for pushing biomass feedstock, the sealed feeder being disposed above the water-cooled screw feeder, the sealed feeder conveying biomass feedstock onto the water-cooled screw feeder, and the water-cooled screw feeder distributing the biomass feedstock along the second horizontal direction onto the upper surface of the chain web; and a gasifier body. The gasifier body is positioned above the water-cooled chain grate. It heats and burns the biomass feedstock conveyed on the chain grate to generate biomass gas. A self-priming ventilation window is located within the gasifier body, allowing outside air to enter the biomass feedstock on the chain grate to aid combustion. A gas outlet is located at the top of the gasifier body, and a slag discharge port is located at the rear. The char slag formed after the biomass feedstock combustion is discharged from the slag discharge port along a first horizontal direction. A burnout furnace is positioned above the water-cooled chain grate and behind the gasifier body. The burnout furnace and the gasifier body are connected via the slag discharge port. An air-blowing adjustment window is located within the burnout furnace and can actively adjust the amount of air entering the burnout furnace. The char slag discharged from the slag discharge port enters the burnout furnace, and the discharged char slag can be burned out by adjusting the air-blowing adjustment window.

[0007] According to the water-cooled biomass gasifier provided in the first aspect of this application, the blower regulating window is connected to a blower, and a valve plate is provided on the air inlet end of the blower regulating window to control the air intake.

[0008] According to the water-cooled biomass gasifier provided in the first aspect of this application, the water-cooled chain grate includes a water-cooled support frame, the water-cooled support frame includes a plurality of longitudinal water-cooled pipes arranged along a first direction, the longitudinal water-cooled pipes are provided with flowing cooling water inside, the longitudinal water-cooled pipes support the chain web from below, and the heat of the chain web is carried away by the cooling water in the longitudinal water-cooled pipes for cooling.

[0009] According to the water-cooled biomass gasifier provided in the first aspect of this application, the water-cooled support includes a first inlet pipe and a first outlet pipe. The inlet end of each group of longitudinal water-cooled pipes is connected to the first inlet pipe, and the outlet end of each group of longitudinal water-cooled pipes is connected to the first outlet pipe. A flow-blocking plate is provided inside each group of longitudinal water-cooled pipes. The flow-blocking plate is located at the bottom of each group of longitudinal water-cooled pipes so that cooling water flows through the upper part of the longitudinal water-cooled pipes. The flow-blocking plate is used to adjust the effective flow area of ​​each group of longitudinal water-cooled pipes to ensure that the temperature of the water from each group of longitudinal water-cooled pipes is similar when they converge at the first outlet pipe.

[0010] According to the water-cooled biomass gasifier provided in the first aspect of this application, the water-cooled bracket further includes a transverse water-cooled pipe, wherein adjacent longitudinal water-cooled pipes in the same group are connected together in series through the transverse water-cooled pipe.

[0011] According to the water-cooled biomass gasifier provided in the first aspect of this application, an anti-wear plate is provided between the water-cooled bracket and the chain spoke.

[0012] According to the water-cooled biomass gasifier provided in the first aspect of this application, the grate bars of the chain include main grate bars and auxiliary grate bars, and ventilation gaps are provided on both sides of the auxiliary grate bars; the chain is divided into an auxiliary grate bar area and a main grate bar area. Along the second horizontal direction, the auxiliary grate bar area is closer to the feed side, and the main grate bar area is farther from the feed side. The auxiliary grate bar area includes all of the auxiliary grate bars and a small number of the main grate bars.

[0013] According to the water-cooled biomass gasifier provided in the first aspect of this application, the gasifier body is composed of a water-cooled base, a composite furnace body, and a water-cooled furnace top. The water-cooled base, the composite furnace body, the water-cooled furnace top, and the chain spokes together define the furnace chamber of the gasifier body.

[0014] According to the water-cooled biomass gasifier provided in the first aspect of this application, the water-cooled base includes a bottom plate, a top plate, an outer plate, and an inner plate. The bottom plate, the top plate, the outer plate, and the inner plate define a U-shaped structure of the water-cooled base. Cooling water flows through the four walls of the U-shape to form a water-cooled body. Along the first horizontal direction, the water-cooled body at the front end of the water-cooled base is higher than the water-cooled body at the rear end of the water-cooled base. A second water outlet pipe is provided on the upper part of the water-cooled body at the front end of the water-cooled base, and a second water inlet pipe is provided on the water-cooled body at the rear end of the water-cooled base.

[0015] According to the water-cooled biomass gasification furnace provided in the first aspect of this application, the composite furnace body is composed of multiple composite walls, the composite walls including an outermost heat insulation layer, a heat insulation brick wall closely attached to the heat insulation layer, and a high-alumina brick wall closely attached to the heat insulation brick wall.

[0016] According to the water-cooled biomass gasifier provided in the first aspect of this application, the water-cooled furnace top includes a furnace top bottom plate, a furnace top side plate, and a furnace top upper plate. The furnace top bottom plate, the furnace top side plate, and the furnace top upper plate are sealed together to form a sealed chamber structure. A middle partition pipe is provided inside the water-cooled furnace top, which isolates the sealed chamber of the entire furnace top from the middle, forming two independent areas. A U-shaped partition pipe is provided in the middle of each independent area, and the U-shaped partition pipe divides the corresponding independent area into a U-shape. Cooling water flows through each U-shaped independent area.

[0017] According to the water-cooled biomass gasifier provided in the first aspect of this application, a plurality of water-cooled baffle pipes are provided on the top of the water-cooled furnace. The water-cooled baffle pipes are located at the bottom of the top of the water-cooled furnace and inside the furnace chamber of the gasifier body. The water-cooled baffle pipes are arranged vertically around the top of the furnace chamber and close to the composite furnace body. The water-cooled baffle pipes are designed with a single-end through-hole with an opening at the top. Cooling water in the top of the water-cooled furnace enters the interior of the water-cooled baffle pipe through the opening at the top of the water-cooled baffle pipe.

[0018] According to the water-cooled biomass gasifier provided in the first aspect of this application, the sealed feeder includes a feed cylinder, an upper valve plate and a lower valve plate are provided inside the feed cylinder, a material retention area is defined between the upper valve plate and the lower valve plate, and the upper valve plate and the lower valve plate work alternately by opening and closing.

[0019] According to the water-cooled biomass gasifier provided in the first aspect of this application, the gasifier body is provided with an ignition port, and a movable baffle is provided on the outside of the ignition port. The movable baffle includes an arc-shaped plate and a rotating shaft fixedly connected to the arc-shaped plate. The arc-shaped plate can rotate around the rotating shaft to open or close. When the arc-shaped plate is closed, the outer arc surface of the arc-shaped plate evenly contacts the chain spoke.

[0020] According to the water-cooled biomass gasifier provided in the first aspect of this application, at least a portion of the water-cooled screw feeder is located inside the gasifier body, and flowing cooling water is provided inside the main shaft of the water-cooled screw feeder.

[0021] According to the water-cooled biomass gasifier provided in the first aspect of this application, the main shaft has a double-end water inlet and outlet structure or a single-end water inlet and outlet structure.

[0022] According to the water-cooled biomass gasifier provided in the first aspect of this application, a water-cooled baffle that can be moved vertically is provided at the ash discharge port, and the height of the ash discharge port is adjusted by moving the water-cooled baffle.

[0023] According to the water-cooled biomass gasifier provided in the first aspect of this application, a membrane wall heat recovery device is provided above the combustion furnace, and the membrane wall heat recovery device is used to recover and utilize the heat generated by the combustion of charcoal slag in the combustion furnace.

[0024] According to the water-cooled biomass gasifier provided in the first aspect of this application, the gas outlet is connected to a gas pipeline, a high-temperature resistant induced draft fan is installed on the gas pipeline, and a biomass gas burner is installed at the end of the gas pipeline.

[0025] This application has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] The water-cooled biomass gasifier provided in this application is equipped with a combustion furnace to completely burn the discharged char residue, solving the problem of incomplete heat utilization due to incomplete combustion of discharged char residue in existing biomass gasifiers. All major components of the water-cooled biomass gasifier provided in this application utilize water cooling, enabling continuous operation and meeting the 24-hour continuous operation requirements of enterprises, thus guaranteeing their 24-hour continuous operation heat needs. The water-cooled biomass gasifier provided in this application ensures continuous and safe operation and solves various problems encountered by traditional biomass gasifiers, enabling full utilization of biomass and increasing the calorific value of biomass gas; thereby achieving the goal of improving environmental and economic benefits.

[0027] Other features and advantages of this application will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the application. The objectives and other advantages of this application may be realized and obtained by means of the structures particularly pointed out in the description, claims and drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0028] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this application, the following description will be provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be considered as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort. In the drawings:

[0029] Figure 1 This is a top view of a water-cooled biomass gasification furnace provided in this application;

[0030] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Side view of a medium-water-cooled biomass gasifier;

[0031] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Front view of a water-cooled biomass gasifier;

[0032] Figure 4This is a structural diagram of a sealed feeder;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a water-cooled screw feeder (bidirectional water inlet and outlet);

[0034] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a water-cooled screw feeder (one-way water inlet and outlet);

[0035] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the flow uniform plate;

[0036] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the gasifier body;

[0037] Figure 9 This is a structural diagram of a water-cooled base;

[0038] Figure 10 This is a top view of the water-cooled base;

[0039] Figure 11 This is a rear view of the water-cooled base;

[0040] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the composite furnace body;

[0041] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a water-cooled furnace top;

[0042] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the internal cooling water circulation of a water-cooled furnace top;

[0043] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of a water-cooled chain grate furnace.

[0044] Figure 16 This is a top view of a water-cooled chain grate stove;

[0045] Figure 17 This is the front view of a water-cooled chain grate stove;

[0046] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the chain spoke structure;

[0047] Figure 19 This is a structural schematic diagram of the water-cooled bracket;

[0048] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of the material level controller.

[0049] Figure 21 This is a structural diagram of the movable wind deflector;

[0050] Figure 22 This is a schematic diagram of the piping structure in a membrane wall heat recovery unit;

[0051] Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram of a membrane wall heat recovery unit. Detailed Implementation

[0052] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. Similar elements in different embodiments are referred to by associated similar element reference numerals. In the following embodiments, many details are described to facilitate a better understanding of this application. However, those skilled in the art will readily recognize that some features may be omitted in different situations, or may be replaced by other elements, materials, or methods. In some cases, certain operations related to this application are not shown or described in the specification. This is to avoid obscuring the core parts of this application with excessive description. For those skilled in the art, detailed description of these related operations is not necessary; they can fully understand the related operations based on the description in the specification and general technical knowledge in the art.

[0053] Furthermore, the features, operations, or characteristics described in the specification can be combined in any suitable manner to form various embodiments. At the same time, the steps or actions in the method description can be rearranged or adjusted in a manner obvious to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the various orders in the specification and drawings are only for the clear description of a particular embodiment and do not imply a necessary order, unless otherwise stated that a particular order must be followed.

[0054] The serial numbers assigned to components in this document, such as "first" and "second," are used only to distinguish the described objects and have no sequential or technical meaning. Unless otherwise specified, the terms "connection" and "linkage" used in this application include both direct and indirect connections (linkages).

[0055] Reference Figures 1 to 23This application provides a water-cooled biomass gasification furnace, including a water-cooled chain grate 4. The water-cooled chain grate 4 includes a chain web 404 for conveying biomass raw materials and charcoal slag along a first horizontal direction. The chain web 404 is composed of a plurality of grate plates and grate pins 440, with gaps formed between the grate plates. The lower part of the chain web 404 is provided with a self-priming ventilation window 408 and a blower regulating window 409; a sealed feeder 1 and a water-cooled screw feeder 2. The water-cooled screw feeder 2 includes a chain web along a second horizontal direction. A main shaft 201 spans horizontally above the water-cooled chain grate 4. The second horizontal direction is perpendicular to the first horizontal direction. Spiral blades 203 for pushing biomass raw materials are installed on the main shaft 201. A sealed feeder 1 is installed above the water-cooled screw feeder 2. The sealed feeder 1 conveys the biomass raw materials to the water-cooled screw feeder 2, and the water-cooled screw feeder 2 arranges the biomass raw materials along the second horizontal direction on the upper surface of the chain web 404. The gasifier body 3 is used for gasification. The gasifier body 3 is positioned above the water-cooled chain grate 4. The gasifier body 3 heats and burns the biomass feedstock conveyed on the chain grate 404 to generate biomass gas. A self-priming ventilation window 408 is located within the gasifier body 3, allowing outside air to enter the biomass feedstock on the chain grate 404 to aid combustion. A gas outlet 6 is located at the top of the gasifier body 3, and a slag discharge port 9 is located at the rear of the gasifier body 3. The char formed after the biomass feedstock combustion flows along the first water... The ash is discharged horizontally from the ash discharge port 9; the burnout furnace 10 is set above the water-cooled chain grate 4 and behind the gasifier body 3. The burnout furnace 10 and the gasifier body 3 are connected through the ash discharge port 9. The blast adjustment window 409 is located within the range of the burnout furnace 10. The blast adjustment window 409 can actively adjust the amount of air entering the burnout furnace 10. The ash discharged from the ash discharge port 9 enters the burnout furnace 10. The ash discharged can be burned by adjusting the blast adjustment window 409. The water-cooled biomass gasifier provided in this application is equipped with a combustion furnace (10 pairs) to completely burn the discharged charcoal ash, solving the problem of incomplete combustion and heat utilization in existing biomass gasifiers. All major components of the water-cooled biomass gasifier provided in this application utilize water cooling, enabling continuous operation and meeting the 24-hour continuous operation requirements of enterprises. The water-cooled biomass gasifier provided in this application ensures continuous and safe operation and solves various problems encountered by traditional biomass gasifiers, enabling full utilization of biomass and increasing the calorific value of biomass gas; thus achieving the goal of improving environmental and economic benefits.

[0056] Furthermore, the blower regulating window 409 is connected to the blower, and a valve plate is provided on the air inlet end of the blower regulating window 409 to control the air intake. Through the blower and the valve plate, the air intake of the blower regulating window 409 can be effectively adjusted. By increasing the air intake of the blower regulating window 409, the charcoal slag can be effectively burned off, thereby improving the utilization rate of biomass raw materials.

[0057] Furthermore, the water-cooled chain grate 4 includes a water-cooled bracket 406, which includes several longitudinal water-cooled pipes 461 arranged along the first direction. The longitudinal water-cooled pipes 461 are filled with flowing cooling water and support the chain web 404 from below. The heat of the chain web 404 is carried away by the cooling water in the longitudinal water-cooled pipes 461 and cooled, so that the chain web 404 can operate continuously in the high-temperature environment inside the gasifier body 3, increasing the gasification efficiency and improving the service life of the chain web 404.

[0058] Furthermore, the water-cooled bracket 406 includes a first inlet pipe 411 and a first outlet pipe 412. The inlet end of each set of longitudinal water-cooled pipes 461 is connected to the first inlet pipe 411, and the outlet end of each set of longitudinal water-cooled pipes 461 is connected to the first outlet pipe 412. Each set of longitudinal water-cooled pipes 461 is provided with a flow-blocking plate. The flow-blocking plate is located at the bottom of each set of longitudinal water-cooled pipes 461 so that the cooling water flows through the upper part of the longitudinal water-cooled pipes 461. The flow-blocking plate is used to adjust the effective flow area of ​​each set of longitudinal water-cooled pipes 461 to ensure that the temperature of the water from each set of longitudinal water-cooled pipes 461 is similar when they converge at the first outlet pipe 412, thereby avoiding uneven heating and cooling that could cause deformation and damage to the water-cooled bracket 406.

[0059] Furthermore, the water-cooled bracket 406 also includes a transverse water-cooled pipe 463, wherein adjacent longitudinal water-cooled pipes 461 in the same group are connected together through the transverse water-cooled pipe 463 to form each group of water channels.

[0060] Furthermore, an anti-wear plate 407 is provided between the water-cooled bracket 406 and the chain spoke 404. The anti-wear plate 407 is made of wear-resistant material to prevent the water-cooled bracket 406 from being worn when the chain spoke 404 moves.

[0061] Furthermore, the grate bars of the chain width 404 include main grate bars 431 and auxiliary grate bars 421, with ventilation gaps on both sides of the auxiliary grate bars 421. The chain width 404 is divided into an auxiliary grate bar area 420 and a main grate bar area 430. Along the second horizontal direction, the auxiliary grate bar area 420 is closer to the feed side, and the main grate bar area 430 is farther away from the feed side. The auxiliary grate bar area 420 includes all the auxiliary grate bars 421 and a small number of main grate bars 431. Most of the air required for the gasifier body 3 to burn and convert biomass feedstock is supplied by the ventilation gaps of the auxiliary grate bars 421. That is, the auxiliary grate bar area 420 can circulate more air to burn the biomass feedstock on the feed side. Since the biomass feedstock on the feed side is mostly fragmented and burns slowly, introducing more air can make the biomass feedstock on the feed side burn more fully.

[0062] Furthermore, the gasifier body 3 is composed of a water-cooled base 301, a composite furnace body 302, and a water-cooled furnace top 303. The water-cooled base 301, composite furnace body 302, water-cooled furnace top 303, and chain spokes 404 together define the furnace chamber of the gasifier body 3. The bottom of the gasifier body 3 is provided with a water-cooled base 301, and the top of the gasifier body 3 is provided with a water-cooled furnace top 303. Both the base and the top of the gasifier body 3 are cooled by circulating water, ensuring the strength and lifespan of the furnace body. The composite furnace body 302 is provided on the water-cooled base 301 of the gasifier body 3. The composite furnace body 302 stores heat energy to maintain the temperature required for the combustion and gasification of biomass raw materials, while also meeting the requirements for heat insulation.

[0063] Furthermore, the water-cooled base 301 includes a base plate 311, a top plate 312, an outer side plate 313, and an inner side plate 314. The base plate 311, top plate 312, outer side plate 313, and inner side plate 314 define a U-shaped structure of the water-cooled base 301. Cooling water flows through the four walls of the U-shape to form a water-cooled body. Along the first horizontal direction, the water-cooled body at the front end of the water-cooled base 301 is higher than the water-cooled body at the rear end of the water-cooled base 301. A second water outlet pipe 318 is provided on the upper part of the water-cooled body at the front end of the water-cooled base 301, and a second water inlet pipe 317 is provided on the water-cooled body at the rear end of the water-cooled base 301. Biomass raw materials are transported from front to back, and cooling water flows from back to front, which conforms to the heat exchange law and can improve cooling efficiency. At the same time, the water cooling body at the front of the water-cooled base 301 is higher than the water cooling body at the rear of the water-cooled base 301, so that the upper panel 312 is set at an angle, eliminating dead corners where steam can accumulate, and steam can be discharged in time, avoiding steam remaining in the water-cooled base 301 and affecting the water cooling effect.

[0064] Furthermore, the composite furnace body 302 is composed of multiple composite walls, which include an outermost heat insulation layer 321, a heat insulation brick wall 322 closely attached to the heat insulation layer 321, and a high-alumina brick wall 324 closely attached to the heat insulation brick wall 322.

[0065] Furthermore, the water-cooled furnace top 303 includes a furnace top bottom plate 331, a furnace top side plate 334, and a furnace top upper plate 335. The furnace top bottom plate 331, the furnace top side plate 334, and the furnace top upper plate 335 are sealed together to form a sealed chamber structure. A middle partition pipe 332 is installed inside the water-cooled furnace top 303. The middle partition pipe 332 isolates the sealed chamber of the entire furnace top from the middle, forming two independent areas. A U-shaped partition pipe 333 is installed in the middle of each independent area. The U-shaped partition pipe 333 divides the corresponding independent area into a U-shape. Cooling water flows through each U-shaped independent area.

[0066] Furthermore, the water-cooled furnace top 303 is equipped with several water-cooled baffle pipes 304. These baffle pipes 304 are located at the bottom of the water-cooled furnace top 303 and within the furnace chamber of the gasifier body 3. They surround the top of the furnace chamber and are vertically positioned adjacent to the composite furnace body 302. Each baffle pipe 304 has a single-end through-hole design with an opening at the top. Cooling water from the water-cooled furnace top 303 enters the baffle pipe 304 through this opening. The water-cooled baffle pipes 304 block the walls of the composite furnace body 302, preventing thermal expansion and contraction from causing the walls to arch into the furnace chamber, thus ensuring the strength and lifespan of the composite furnace body 302's walls.

[0067] Furthermore, the sealed feeder 1 includes a feed cylinder 101, in which an upper valve plate 103 and a lower valve plate 102 are provided. A material retention area is defined between the upper valve plate 103 and the lower valve plate 102. The upper valve plate 103 and the lower valve plate 102 work alternately by opening and closing. Since the upper valve plate 103 and the lower valve plate 102 open and close alternately, the furnace of the gasifier body 3 can be kept isolated from the outside world, so as to avoid a large amount of outside air being drawn into the furnace of the gasifier body 3 during feeding, which would cause the furnace to explode.

[0068] Furthermore, the gasifier body 3 is provided with an ignition port 7, and a movable baffle 8 is provided on the outside of the ignition port 7. The movable baffle 8 includes an arc-shaped plate 801 and a rotating shaft 802 fixedly connected to the arc-shaped plate 801. The arc-shaped plate 801 can rotate around the rotating shaft 802 to open or close. When the arc-shaped plate 801 is closed, the outer arc surface of the arc-shaped plate 801 evenly touches the chain spoke 404. The movable baffle 8 covers the ignition port 7 to prevent a large amount of air from being drawn in from the ignition port 7. When it is necessary to use the ignition port 7 for ignition, opening the movable baffle 8 to introduce air can facilitate ignition. In addition, when the chain spoke 404 moves forward, it is in a light contact with the outer arc surface of the arc-shaped plate 801 to seal, which can achieve a movable sealing effect and is not easy to get stuck.

[0069] Furthermore, at least a portion of the water-cooled screw feeder 2 is located inside the gasifier body 3, and flowing cooling water is installed within the main shaft 201 of the water-cooled screw feeder 2. By partially installing the water-cooled screw feeder 2 inside the gasifier body 3, biomass feedstock can be directly transported into the gasifier body 3, improving airtightness during feeding; simultaneously, the flowing cooling water within the main shaft 201 extends the service life of the water-cooled screw feeder 2 in high-temperature environments.

[0070] Furthermore, the main shaft 201 can be a double-end water inlet / outlet structure or a single-end water inlet / outlet structure. Regardless of whether the water-cooled screw feeder 2 is double-end water inlet / outlet or single-end water inlet / outlet, the mechanical strength and service life of the water-cooled screw feeder 2 can be guaranteed.

[0071] Furthermore, a water-cooled baffle 11 that can move up and down is provided at the slag discharge port 9. The water-cooled baffle 11 adjusts the height of the slag discharge port 9 by moving, thereby controlling the amount of slag discharged and the amount of air intake at the slag discharge port 9, increasing the load adjustment range of the gasifier body 3 and meeting more production scenarios.

[0072] Furthermore, a membrane wall heat recovery unit 12 is installed above the combustion furnace 10. The membrane wall heat recovery unit 12 is used to recover and utilize the heat generated by the combustion of charcoal slag in the combustion furnace 10, thereby improving the energy utilization rate.

[0073] Furthermore, the gas outlet 6 is connected to a gas pipeline, on which a high-temperature induced draft fan 14 is installed. At the end of the gas pipeline, a biomass gas burner 18 is installed. The high-temperature induced draft fan 14 draws the biomass gas generated in the gasifier body 3 into the gas pipeline for transportation and sends it to the biomass gas burner 18 for combustion and heat generation, so as to make effective use of the gas.

[0074] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figures 1 to 23 The specific embodiments provided further illustrate the water-cooled biomass gasifier proposed in this application.

[0075] Reference Figures 1 to 3 In some embodiments of this application, a water-cooled biomass gasification furnace is provided, including a sealed feeder 1, a water-cooled screw feeder 2, a gasification furnace body 3, a water-cooled chain grate 4, and a combustion furnace 10.

[0076] Reference Figures 1 to 3 In some embodiments of this application, the width of the water-cooled chain grate 4 is generally set at about three meters to facilitate transportation. The length of the water-cooled chain grate 4 is greater than the length of the gasifier body 3 plus the length of the burnout furnace 10. The length of the gasifier body 3 is based on the volume length required for the current power design, and the length of the burnout furnace 10 is based on the burnout stroke time calculated based on the current power and the slag discharge amount under the operating conditions.

[0077] Reference Figures 15 to 19 In some embodiments of this application, the water-cooled chain grate 4 includes a base frame 401, a drive shaft 402, a driven shaft 403, chain spokes 404, a secondary bracket 405, a water-cooled bracket 406, a wear-resistant plate 407, a self-priming ventilation window 408, a blower regulating window 409, a feeding motor, and a gearbox. Specifically, the base frame 401, the secondary bracket 405, and the water-cooled bracket 406 provide support for the other components. The feeding motor is connected to the drive shaft 402 through the gearbox and drives the drive shaft 402 to rotate. The chain spokes 404 are wound between the drive shaft 402 and the driven shaft 403. The chain spokes 404 are used to transport biomass raw materials and charcoal residue. When the drive shaft 402 rotates, it drives the chain spokes 404 to move. At least a portion of the chain spokes 404 are positioned in close contact with the water-cooled bracket 406, which contains flowing cooling water to provide a cooling effect for the chain spokes 404, thereby extending their service life in the high-temperature environment inside the gasifier body 3 and the combustion furnace 10. Below the chain spokes 404 are a self-priming ventilation window 408 and a blower regulating window 409. The self-priming ventilation window 408 corresponds to the position of the gasifier body 3, while the blower regulating window 409 corresponds to the position of the combustion furnace 10.

[0078] Furthermore, in some embodiments of this application, the power of the feeding motor used in the water-cooled chain grate 4 can be 2.2w / h, and the feeding motor is preferably equipped with a frequency converter. The gearbox transmission ratio used in the water-cooled chain grate 4 can be about 1:1100, so that the chain speed is controlled at 8-12m / h.

[0079] Furthermore, refer to Figure 15 and Figure 17 In some embodiments of this application, the water-cooled chain grate 4 is provided with a base frame 401. The base frame 401 is generally a cuboid structure, made of heat-resistant carbon steel plate and heat-resistant steel. The length of the base frame 401 is based on the specifications of the gasifier body 3 and the combustion furnace 10 to be matched, usually between 6 and 12 meters. The width of the base frame 401 is based on the width of the gasifier body 3, usually about 3 meters, suitable for transportation. The height of the base frame 401 is generally 1000-1200 mm. A load-bearing panel is provided on the upper surface of the base frame 401. The load-bearing panels are distributed on both sides of the upper surface of the base frame 401. The load-bearing panels are set as flat surfaces. The load-bearing bases on both sides of the gasifier body 3 are placed on the load-bearing panels. The base frame 401 needs to be able to bear a load of about twice the total weight of the gasifier body 3.

[0080] Furthermore, refer to Figure 15 and Figure 17In some embodiments of this application, the water-cooled chain grate 4 is provided with a secondary support 405. The secondary support 405 is used to support the water-cooled support 406, the wear-resistant plate 407, the chain spokes 404, and the weight of the biomass raw materials and charcoal slag on the chain spokes 404. The position of the secondary support 405 is lower than the load-bearing panel of the base frame 401. Generally, it is required that the upper surface of the chain spokes 404 is 20mm lower than the load-bearing panel. Therefore, the height difference between the secondary support 405 and the load-bearing panel is [20mm + thickness of water-cooled support 406 + thickness of wear-resistant plate 407 + thickness of chain spokes 404], and the error of this height difference should be controlled within 2mm. The secondary support 405 is horizontally arranged in the base frame 401. The secondary support 405 is a rectangular grid cuboid, and its two sides are welded and fixed to the base frame 401, which enhances the overall rigidity of the base frame 401. In some embodiments, the sub-bracket 405 is preferably made of rectangular seamless carbon steel tubing, such as GB3087 seamless carbon steel tubing, which has extremely high rigidity and load-bearing capacity. The ends of the rectangular seamless carbon steel tubing of the sub-bracket 405 are machined into bevels for welding to ensure that the welding process meets standard requirements. The sub-bracket 405 includes longitudinal tubes and transverse connecting ribs. The longitudinal tubes of the sub-bracket 405 correspond to the longitudinal water-cooling tubes 461 of the water-cooled bracket 406, typically 6-8 in number. The transverse connecting ribs of the sub-bracket 405 correspond to the transverse connecting tubes 462 of the water-cooled bracket 406.

[0081] Furthermore, refer to Figures 15 to 17 , Figure 19In some embodiments of this application, a water-cooled bracket 406 is provided on the water-cooled chain grate 4. The water-cooled bracket 406 is located on the auxiliary bracket 405 and is used to support the wear-resistant plate 407, the chain spokes 404, and the weight of the biomass raw materials and charcoal slag on the chain spokes 404. The water-cooled bracket 406 is a rectangular grid body with the same length and width as the auxiliary bracket 405. The water-cooled bracket 406 is fixedly attached to the auxiliary bracket 405. The water-cooled bracket 406 is also made of rectangular carbon steel seamless tube. The water-cooled bracket 406 includes longitudinal water-cooled pipes 461, transverse connecting pipes 462, and transverse water-cooled pipes 463. The longitudinal water-cooled pipes 461 are arranged corresponding to the gears on the drive shaft 402. The spacing between adjacent longitudinal water-cooled pipes 461 is about 400mm. Each water-cooled bracket 406 is usually provided with 6-8 longitudinal water-cooled pipes 461. The cooling water circulation circuit of the water-cooled bracket 406 is designed with parallel inlet and outlet water. Adjacent longitudinal water-cooled pipes 461 in the same group are connected together by transverse water-cooled pipes 463. The inlet end of each group of water circuits is connected to the first inlet pipe 411 on the water-cooled bracket 406. Similarly, the outlet end of each group of water circuits is connected to the first outlet pipe 412 on the water-cooled bracket 406. Corresponding flow-blocking plates are installed in the ends of the longitudinal water-cooled pipes 461 at the outlet end of each group. The area of ​​each flow-blocking plate is designed according to the proportion of the current group of water circuit paths. The longer the stroke, the larger the flow area, and the shorter the stroke, the smaller the flow area, to ensure that the circulating water of each group converges at the first outlet pipe 412 at a similar temperature. Furthermore, all the baffles must be installed at the bottom of the longitudinal water-cooling pipe 461, with their edges welded to the inner wall of the longitudinal water-cooling pipe 461. The flow holes must be located in the upper part of the longitudinal water-cooling pipe 461, allowing the cooling water to flow through the upper part of the longitudinal water-cooling pipe 461, ensuring that the cooling water can effectively cool the chain web 404 above the longitudinal water-cooling pipe 461. To ensure sufficient circulating water flow, the first inlet pipe 411 and the first outlet pipe 412 of the water-cooled bracket 406 are both made of DN70 seamless carbon steel pipes. The cooling circulating water enters the water-cooled bracket 406 from the first inlet pipe 411 and is distributed in parallel to each group of water circuits for cooling, ensuring the overall cooling effect of the water-cooled bracket 406. This avoids the problem of excessively long total stroke and large temperature difference between the inlet and outlet ends, which can lead to thermal deformation, which is common in traditional series water cooling systems. It also allows for rapid discharge of steam from the pipes, preventing damage caused by water vapor impact. To increase the overall strength of the water-cooled bracket 406, transverse connecting pipes 462 are installed between adjacent longitudinal water-cooled pipes 461. These transverse connecting pipes 462 connect the longitudinal water-cooled pipes 461 to increase strength. Furthermore, multiple transverse connecting pipes 462 are installed between every two adjacent longitudinal water-cooled pipes 461, with a preferred spacing of 500mm between them. The transverse connecting pipes 462 are also made of rectangular seamless carbon steel tubing to ensure their strength and durability. It is conceivable that the ends of the rectangular seamless carbon steel tubing of the water-cooled bracket 406 are also beveled for welding to ensure that the welding process meets standard requirements.

[0082] Furthermore, refer to Figure 15 and Figure 17 In some embodiments of this application, a wear-resistant plate 407 is provided on the water-cooled chain grate 4. The wear-resistant plate 407 is located between the water-cooling bracket 406 and the chain web 404. When the chain web 404 moves, the main grate plate 431 contacts and rubs against the wear-resistant plate 407 to prevent the main grate plate 431 from wearing down the longitudinal water-cooling pipe 461. The wear-resistant plate 407 is made of high-temperature and wear-resistant carbon steel plate, such as Q355 carbon steel plate. The thickness of the wear-resistant plate 407 is generally set to 12-14mm, the width is consistent with the width of the upper surface of the longitudinal water-cooling pipe 461, and the length is consistent with the length of the longitudinal water-cooling pipe 461. The wear-resistant plate 407 is horizontally fixed to the longitudinal water-cooling pipe 461. Since circulating cooling water flows inside the longitudinal water-cooling pipe 461, the heat transferred to the wear-resistant plate 407 through the chain web 404 is carried away by the flowing water, extending the service life of the wear-resistant plate 407. The chain spoke 404 typically moves at a speed of around 20 mm / min. The wear plate 407 has a service life of over five years and can be replaced when worn to a certain extent, ensuring the service life of the water-cooled bracket 406 and the water-cooled chain grate 4.

[0083] Furthermore, refer to Figures 15 to 18In some embodiments of this application, a chain web 404 is provided on the water-cooled chain grate 4. The chain web 404 surrounds the drive shaft 402 and the driven shaft 403, supporting biomass raw materials and charcoal slag, and realizing the functions of transporting biomass raw materials and discharging slag through movement. The chain web 404 is composed of several auxiliary grate bars 421, main grate bars 431 and grate pins 440. The auxiliary grate bars 421 and main grate bars 431 are arranged longitudinally, in the same direction as the longitudinal water-cooling pipes 461. The grate pins 440 are arranged laterally and connect the auxiliary grate bars 421 and main grate bars 431 to form the chain web 404. The chain web 404 is divided into an auxiliary grate bar area 420 and a main grate bar area 430. Usually, the side closer to the feed is set as the auxiliary grate bar area 420, and the side farther away from the feed is set as the main grate bar area 430. The auxiliary grate area 420 includes all the auxiliary grate bars 421 and a small number of main grate bars 431. Each auxiliary grate bar 421 has ventilation gaps on both sides. Most of the air required for the gasifier body 3 to burn and convert biomass feedstock is supplied by the ventilation gaps of the auxiliary grate bars 421. That is, the auxiliary grate area 420 can circulate more air to burn the biomass feedstock on the feed side. Since the biomass feedstock on the feed side is mostly fragmented and burns slowly, introducing more air can make the biomass feedstock on the feed side burn more completely. In the auxiliary grate area 420, corresponding to the gear on the drive shaft 402, there are also several power bars composed of main grate bars 431. The power bars are set with the gear and the longitudinal water cooling pipe 461 to drive the chain spokes 404 to rotate. The main grate area 430 is composed of main grate bars 431. It should be noted that in some embodiments, the main grate 431 can be made of high-temperature resistant cast steel, which is strong and wear-resistant enough to bear functions such as power bars. The auxiliary grate 421 is made of nickel alloy containing a certain proportion of chromium to increase its corrosion resistance and high-temperature resistance. In addition, it should be noted that when installing and fixing the auxiliary bracket 405, water-cooled bracket 406 and wear-resistant plate 407 in the early stage, installation space for the chain web 404 must be reserved. After the chain web 404 is installed, the upper surface of the chain web 404 should be 20-30mm lower than the load-bearing panel, which is equivalent to a distance of 20-30mm between the upper surface of the chain web 404 and the bottom of the gasifier body 3. This prevents the chain web 404 from scraping against the bottom of the gasifier body 3 in case of abnormal operation, thereby improving the overall safe operation of the gasification equipment.

[0084] Furthermore, refer to Figure 2 , Figure 15 and Figure 16In some embodiments of this application, the water-cooled chain grate 4 is provided with self-priming ventilation windows 408. These windows are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the water-cooled chain grate 4, with two windows connected to form a group. Multiple groups of self-priming ventilation windows 408 are configured along the moving direction of the chain web 404. All self-priming ventilation windows 408 are located below the gasifier body 3. The self-priming ventilation windows 408 are made of high-temperature resistant carbon steel plates and formed into inverted trapezoidal long slots. Each group of windows is an independent compartment, and each window is equipped with a valve plate to control the air intake of each group, meeting the air volume required for combustion in different chain web 404 sections within the gasifier body 3. Furthermore, the water-cooled chain grate 4 is also provided with blower regulating windows 409. Multiple blower regulating windows 409 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the burnout furnace 10, with two windows connected to form a group. One end of the window is blocked, and the other end is connected to a blower. Each water-cooled chain grate 4 is equipped with at least two sets of air regulating windows 409. The air regulating windows 409 are made of high-temperature resistant carbon steel plates and are inverted trapezoidal long slots. Each set of windows is an independent compartment. A valve plate is installed on the window at the air inlet end to control the air intake of each set of windows. The appropriate air volume can be configured according to the thickness of the charcoal and slag and the combustion speed under the current working conditions to completely burn the charcoal and slag.

[0085] Furthermore, refer to Figures 15 to 17 In some embodiments of this application, several dust removal devices 410 are also provided on both sides of the water-cooled chain grate 4. The dust removal devices 410 are used to clean the dust inside the water-cooled chain grate 4.

[0086] Reference Figures 1 to 3 , Figure 8 In some embodiments of this application, a gasifier body 3 is disposed above the water-cooled chain grate 4. The gasifier body 3 is square with a bottom opening and is fixed to the front end of the water-cooled chain grate 4. The gasifier body 3 consists of a water-cooled base 301, a composite furnace body 302, and a water-cooled furnace top 303.

[0087] Reference Figures 8 to 11In some embodiments of this application, the water-cooled base 301 is located at the bottom of the gasifier body 3 and adopts a non-pressure-bearing design. The water-cooled base 301 has an overall U-shaped structure, with an inner cavity in the middle for burning biomass raw materials, and cooling water flowing through the four walls of the U-shape, forming a water-cooled body. The water-cooled base 301 consists of a base plate 311, a top plate 312, an outer plate 313, and an inner plate 314. All plates are made of high-temperature resistant and wear-resistant carbon steel plates with a thickness of 14-16mm. The connecting surfaces of the plates are beveled and cleaned according to specifications, and welded using corresponding special welding materials according to the material of the base material. In some embodiments, the water-cooled base 301 adopts a flat bottom and a design that is higher at the front and lower at the back. The front height is 1000-1200mm and the rear height is 600-800mm. The side of the water-cooled base 301 is trapezoidal, and the upper panel 312 of the water-cooled base 301 is set at an angle. The inner cavity width of the water-cooled base 301 is 80mm smaller than the width of the chain width 404 of the water-cooled chain grate 4. The biomass raw materials and charcoal slag are contained within the chain width 404 by the gasifier body 3 for combustion and flow, preventing high temperature damage to the load-bearing panel of the water-cooled chain grate 4. A second water inlet pipe 317 is provided on the water-cooled body at the rear end of the water-cooled base 301, and a second water outlet pipe 318 is provided on the water-cooled body at the front end of the water-cooled base 301. The front water-cooled body of the water-cooled base 301 has a front partition plate 315 inside. The front partition plate 315 is vertically positioned in the middle of the horizontally placed front water-cooled body in the U-shape, dividing the rectangular body to prevent cooling water cross-flow. The rear water-cooled body of the water-cooled base 301 has a rear partition plate 316 inside. The rear partition plate 316 is vertically positioned in the middle of the horizontally placed rear water-cooled body in the U-shape. The two ends of the rear partition plate 316 are welded and fixed to the inner side plate 314 and the outer side plate 313. The function of the rear partition plate 316 is to distribute and guide the cooling water entering from the second inlet pipe 317, so that the water inlet is divided into two paths and flows from the water-cooled bodies on both sides of the U-shape to the two second outlet pipes 318 for uniform outflow. The front partition plate 315 and the rear partition plate 316 are both made of carbon steel plate with a thickness of 10-12mm. In some embodiments, the second inlet pipe 317 is made of seamless carbon steel pipe and meets the flow requirements of the cooling water-cooled base 301. The second water inlet pipe 317 is horizontally installed, passing through the water-cooled body on one side of the rear end of the water-cooled base 301. The outlet of the second water inlet pipe 317 is aligned with the center of the rear partition plate 316 and fixed at a position 160mm-200mm away from the rear partition plate. There are two second water outlet pipes 318, which are respectively set at the highest points on both sides of the front partition plate 315. The second water outlet pipes 318 are also made of seamless carbon steel pipes. The flow cross-sectional area of ​​a single second water outlet pipe 318 is greater than half the cross-sectional area of ​​the second water inlet pipe 317, realizing the cooling function of one inlet and two outlets of circulating cooling water in the water-cooled base 301, maintaining a relatively balanced overall cooling effect, and ensuring that superheated water or steam is discharged in time.In addition, the angled arrangement of the upper panel 312 ensures that there are no dead air zones inside the water-cooled base 301, and that the cooling water is in full contact with and circulates through each plate, thus ensuring the strength and lifespan of the water-cooled base 301.

[0088] Furthermore, refer to Figure 9 In some embodiments of this application, a plurality of reinforcing ribs 319 are provided on the water-cooled body. The two ends of the reinforcing ribs 319 are welded to the inner side plate 314 and the outer side plate 313. The reinforcing ribs 319 are horizontally and evenly arranged in the water-cooled body to enhance the overall rigidity of the water-cooled base 301. In addition, a plurality of triangular plates 320 are provided at the bottom of the water-cooled body. The triangular plates 320 are respectively welded to the junction of the bottom plate and the side plate of the water-cooled body to further enhance the overall rigidity of the water-cooled base 301.

[0089] Furthermore, in some embodiments of this application, to prevent excessive pressure inside the water-cooled base 301 from causing accidents, a pressure relief pipe is provided at the highest point of the water-cooling body at the front end of the water-cooled base 301. The diameter of the pressure relief pipe is the same as the diameter of the second water inlet pipe 317. A pressure relief valve is installed on the pressure relief pipe. The activation pressure of the pressure relief valve is 0.03-0.05 MPa higher than the water supply pressure. When the pressure inside the water-cooled base 301 is too high, the pressure relief valve is activated to open the pressure relief pipe to discharge excess water or steam inside the water-cooled base 301, thereby reducing the internal pressure of the water-cooled base 301 and ensuring safety. Furthermore, multiple drainage holes need to be opened at the bottom of the horizontal section of the pressure relief pipe located behind the pressure relief valve to prevent water accumulation in the pressure relief pipe from affecting the pressure relief performance.

[0090] Reference Figure 8 and Figure 12In some embodiments of this application, a composite furnace body 302 is disposed above the water-cooled base 301. The composite furnace body 302 is composed of multiple composite walls, the thickness of which is the same as the width of the water-cooled body on the water-cooled base 301. The composite furnace body 302 is built upwards from the water-cooled base 301 to the bottom of the furnace top. A water-cooled furnace top 303 is disposed above the composite furnace body 302 to form the gasifier body 3. Generally, the height of the gasifier body 3 is between 2200-2400mm. The composite walls include an outermost thermal insulation layer 321, which is composed of ceramic fiber and aluminum silicate board, with a thickness of more than 60mm. The thermal insulation layer 321 is closely distributed from the upper panel of the water-cooled base 301 to the bottom of the water-cooled furnace top 303. An insulating brick wall 322 is installed in close proximity to the thermal insulation layer 321. In some embodiments, the insulating brick wall 322 can be made of foamed lightweight perlite bricks. The insulating brick wall 322 is built from the upper panel 312 of the water-cooled base 301 to the bottom of the water-cooled furnace top 303. A high-alumina brick wall 324 is installed in close proximity to the insulating brick wall 322. The high-alumina brick wall 324 is located in the innermost layer of the composite wall. The high-alumina brick wall 324 is made of first-grade or extra-grade high-alumina bricks. The high-alumina brick wall 324 is built from the upper panel 312 of the water-cooled base 301 to the bottom of the water-cooled furnace top 303. Because the water-cooled base 301 adopts a front-high-back-low design, and the upper panel 312 is set at an angle, in order to ensure the flatness of the composite wall, a plastic material 325 needs to be used to fill the lower end of the upper panel 312. After leveling, the composite furnace body 302 is built by bricklaying. It should be noted that the Al2O3 content in the plastic material 325 is ≥60%, and the filling amount is based on the leveling of the brick wall. The insulation brick wall 322 and the high-alumina brick wall 324 should be constructed and built simultaneously, and bonded with a high-temperature adhesive. The gap between the bricks should be controlled within 2mm to ensure the strength of the composite furnace body 302. In addition, during construction, every 4-5 bricks on the left and right and every 4-5 layers of bricks on the top and bottom, an interlocking inner wall high-alumina brick 323 needs to be set to interlock the insulation brick wall 322 and the high-alumina brick wall 324 into a wall to prevent separation and ensure the strength of the brick wall of the composite furnace body 302. When the insulating brick wall 322 and the high-alumina brick wall 324 are built to the bottom of the water-cooled furnace top 303, some gaps need to be left to prevent the thermal expansion and contraction of the composite furnace body 302 from damaging the water-cooled furnace top 303. The gap between the brick surface of the wall top and the bottom plate 331 of the furnace top is usually controlled at 15-20mm as a buffer zone 307. The entire circumference of the buffer zone 307 is filled and compacted with ceramic fiber cotton. During the use of the gasifier body 3, the high-alumina brick wall 324 absorbs and stores a large amount of heat to provide high-temperature conditions for biomass gasification. The insulating brick wall 322 blocks most of the heat, and the insulation layer 321 insulates and keeps the heat insulated, controlling the shell temperature of the gasifier body 3 within the standard range.

[0091] Reference Figure 8 , Figure 13 and Figure 14 In some embodiments of this application, a water-cooled furnace top 303 is provided on the top of the gasifier body 3, and the water-cooled furnace top 303 is located above the composite furnace body 302. Generally, the length and width of the water-cooled furnace top 303 are 10mm larger than the length and width of the composite furnace body 302, and the water-cooled furnace top 303 also adopts a non-pressure-bearing design. The water-cooled furnace top 303 includes a furnace top bottom plate 331, a furnace top side plate 334, and a furnace top upper plate 335. All plates are made of high-temperature and wear-resistant carbon steel plates with a thickness of 12-14mm. The joint surfaces of the plates are beveled and cleaned according to specifications, and welded using corresponding special welding materials according to the material of the base material. The furnace top bottom plate 331 is connected to the composite furnace body 302. After splicing, the furnace top bottom plate 331 needs to be leveled to facilitate subsequent connection and manufacturing. The furnace top side plate 334 is set on the four edges of the furnace top bottom plate 331, and the bottom of the furnace top side plate 334 is fully sealed and welded to the furnace top bottom plate 331. The furnace top panel 335 is fully sealed and welded to the furnace top side plate 334 around its perimeter, forming a sealed chamber structure for the entire furnace top. A gas outlet 6 is provided on the water-cooled furnace top 303. Furthermore, an intermediate isolation structure is also provided inside the water-cooled furnace top 303, dividing the water-cooled furnace top 303 into two sets of interlayer passages, with circulating cooling water flowing inside the interlayers for cooling. The intermediate isolation structure includes an intermediate partition pipe 332, which is a rectangular seamless carbon steel pipe. The intermediate partition pipe 332 is longitudinally arranged, starting from the front furnace top side plate 334 and / or the rear furnace top side plate 334, extending to the gas outlet 6, thus isolating the entire sealed chamber of the furnace top in the middle, forming two independent areas. The bottom two sides of the intermediate partition pipe 332 are fully sealed welded to the furnace top bottom plate 331, and both ends are fully sealed welded to the furnace top side plate 334 and the vertical plate of the gas outlet 6. Furthermore, a U-shaped partition pipe 333 is installed in the middle of each independent area on both sides of the water-cooled furnace top 303. The U-shaped partition pipe 333 is a rectangular seamless carbon steel pipe, with one end welded tightly to the front furnace top side plate 334, and the bottom two sides fully sealed welded to the furnace top bottom plate 331, dividing the independent area into a U-shape. This application adopts a parallel inlet and outlet water circulation cooling design to avoid the problem of uneven cooling caused by excessively long series paths.

[0092] Reference Figure 13 and Figure 14In some embodiments of this application, a third water inlet pipe 305 and a third water outlet pipe 306 are provided on the water-cooled furnace top 303. Two third water inlet pipes 305 are provided, located on either side of the intermediate partition pipe 332. The diameter of the third water inlet pipe 305 is the same as that of the second water outlet pipe 318 of the water-cooled base 301, and both are located on the same side and connected vertically by a water pipe. Cooling water flowing from the second water outlet pipe 318 enters the interior of the water-cooled furnace top 303 through the third water inlet pipe 305. The circulating cooling water flows through the interlayer within the water-cooled furnace top 303 and is discharged from the third water outlet pipe 306 at the highest point of the path. The third water outlet pipe 306 is flush with the opening in the upper panel 335 of the furnace top, and its diameter is one size larger than that of the third water inlet pipe 305, ensuring that superheated water or steam is discharged immediately without any dead air zones. Through the above structure, the cooling water is allowed to fully contact and circulate with the water-cooled furnace top 303, achieving a relatively balanced overall cooling effect and ensuring the strength and lifespan of the water-cooled furnace top 303. It should be understood that a pressure relief pipe is also provided on the furnace top side plate 334 of the water-cooled furnace top 303, and its structure and function are consistent with the pressure relief pipe of the water-cooled base 301.

[0093] Furthermore, refer to Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 8 , Figures 12 to 14In some embodiments of this application, a plurality of water-cooled baffle pipes 304 are provided on the water-cooled furnace top 303. The water-cooled baffle pipes 304 are located at the bottom of the water-cooled furnace top 303 and inside the furnace chamber of the gasifier body 3. The water-cooled baffle pipes 304 are designed with a single-end through-hole opening. The water-cooled baffle pipes 304 are vertically arranged around the top of the furnace chamber, close to the high-alumina brick wall 324. The upper open end of the water-cooled baffle pipe 304 penetrates through the furnace top bottom plate 331 and is fixed flush with it. The lower end of the water-cooled baffle pipe 304 is fully sealed by welding with a plug. The water-cooled baffle pipes 304 are made of seamless carbon steel pipes; the left-right spacing of each water-cooled baffle pipe 304 is about 700-800mm. Furthermore, in some embodiments, a central diaphragm plate 343 is provided inside the water-cooled baffle pipe 304. The central diaphragm plate 343 is obliquely positioned inside the water-cooled baffle pipe 304, with an inclination angle ≥5°. The central diaphragm plate 343 is flush with the upper end of the water-cooled baffle pipe 304, and its lower end is approximately 20mm away from the sealing head. The inner cavity of the water-cooled baffle pipe 304 is connected to the inner cavity of the water-cooled furnace top 303, and the cooling circulating water of the water-cooled furnace top 303 enters the water-cooled baffle pipe 304 for cooling. When the equipment is in use, the furnace temperature of the gasifier body 3 is high. The cooling circulating water in the water-cooled baffle tube 304 enters along one side of the intermediate partition plate 343, and the hot water or steam is discharged from the other side to form natural convection cooling, which ensures the strength and life of the water-cooled baffle tube 304. It effectively prevents the upper wall from arching into the furnace due to the excessive length of the wall, increases the service life of the composite furnace body 302, and solves the problem of short life of the existing biomass gasifier equipment caused by the displacement and loosening of the wall due to thermal expansion and contraction of the furnace wall.

[0094] Reference Figures 1 to 3 , Figure 5 and Figure 6In some embodiments of this application, a water-cooled screw feeder 2 is provided inside the gasifier body 3. The water-cooled screw feeder 2 is arranged laterally through the furnace of the gasifier body 3 to transport biomass raw materials into the furnace of the gasifier body 3. The conveying capacity of the water-cooled screw feeder 2 is designed according to the maximum power load of the gasifier. The water-cooled screw feeder 2 includes a main shaft 201 and screw blades 203 arranged on the main shaft 201. The main shaft 201 is arranged laterally through the furnace of the gasifier body 3, and the center of the main shaft 201 is about 1.5 meters away from the upper surface of the chain width 404 of the water-cooled chain grate 4. The feed end of the main shaft 201 extends 1.2 meters to the outside of the gasifier body 3 and is partially provided with a sleeve 202; a drive sprocket 205 is provided at the feed end of the main shaft 201, and a reduction motor is connected to the drive sprocket 205 through a chain to drive the main shaft 201 to rotate. In some embodiments, the sleeve 202 is a seamless 316L stainless steel tube. The inner end of the sleeve 202 is flush with the surface of the high-alumina brick wall 324, and the other end is sealed with a flange blind plate. The sleeve 202 has an opening at the corresponding position of the sealed feeder 1 and is connected to the lower outlet of the sealed feeder 1. The main shaft 201 on the opposite side of the feed end is installed through the composite furnace body 302. Both ends of the main shaft 201 are provided with bearing seats 204 for support. The feed end is supported by a tapered ball bearing. When installing the flat bearing at the other end, it must maintain a distance of about 20mm from the main shaft station step 214 to prevent the main shaft 201 from hitting the bearing due to high temperature expansion. The main shaft 201 is made of seamless carbon steel tube. To maintain rigidity and strength, the main shaft 201 must be installed as a whole and cannot be spliced. The helical blades 203 are wound around the main shaft 201. The helical blades 203 are made of 304 stainless steel with a thickness of 6-8mm, and the pitch is generally 220-260mm. The selection rule for the helical blades 203 is as follows: when viewed from the front of the gasifier body 3 and the sealed feeder 1 is installed on the left, right-handed helical blades 203 are used; conversely, when viewed from the back of the gasifier body 3 and the sealed feeder 1 is installed on the right, left-handed helical blades 203 are used. The direction of rotation must be correct to ensure that the biomass feedstock is pushed upwards and distributed between the main shaft 201 and the front high-alumina brick wall 324 during feeding. Incorrect rotation will lead to uneven distribution of the biomass feedstock. In some embodiments of this application, the helical blades 203 are arranged in a segmented pattern. The first section of the spiral blade 203 extends from the blind plate at the end of the sleeve 202 to 200mm from the brick surface of the high-alumina brick wall 324. At the end of the sleeve 202 (near the end of the high-alumina brick wall 324), a void zone 215 is formed, with a length of 200mm. The function of the void zone 215 is to reduce the internal gap at the end when the biomass raw material passes through the sleeve 202, increase the extrusion density of the biomass raw material and increase air tightness. In the event of a sudden failure of the sealed feeder 1 that causes the valve plate to not close tightly, it can prevent a large amount of air from being sucked into the furnace of the gasifier body 3 and causing deflagration.The main shaft 201 located inside the gasifier body 3 has a 300mm gap from the brick surface of the high-alumina brick wall 324 on the inlet side to the other end, which is designated as the empty zone 216. The function of the empty zone 216 is to form a certain degree of stacking when the biomass raw material is pushed into the furnace of the gasifier body 3, so that the biomass raw material enters in a dispersed manner, avoiding the occurrence of empty material in the corner on the same side, and helping to improve the sealing performance of the empty zone 215. The second section of spiral blades 203 is installed 300mm from the brick surface of the high-alumina brick wall 324 at the entrance. The second section of spiral blades 203 are closely arranged until the end, 450mm from the brick surface of the high-alumina brick wall 324. The empty area at the end is designated as the empty zone 217. The function of the empty zone 217 is to allow the biomass raw materials to reach the end and form a certain pile height, balancing the height of the biomass raw materials on both sides of the furnace of the gasifier body 3, and meeting the space required for the installation of the material level controller 5, thus ensuring the control of the thickness and height of the biomass raw materials. The water-cooled spiral feeder 2 is started and stopped by the material level controller 5. When the water-cooled spiral feeder 2 is working, it continuously fills the front space of the gasifier body 3 with a fixed horizontal height. The chain width 404 of the water-cooled chain grate 4 moves longitudinally to move the biomass raw materials to the rear end and fill the entire furnace.

[0095] Furthermore, refer to Figure 5 In some embodiments of this application, to achieve cooling of the water-cooled screw feeder 2, rotary joints 206 are respectively provided at both ends of the main shaft 201. During operation, circulating cooling water flows through the main shaft 201 for cooling, and the direction of water inflow and outflow is not limited. Furthermore, as... Figure 6 As shown, in some other embodiments of this application, when a single-end water inlet / outlet is required for a special scenario, a first inner tube 211 is installed inside the main shaft 201, and the other end of the main shaft 201 is sealed with a main shaft end cap 213. The original single-pass rotary joint 206 is replaced with a double-pass rotary joint 207. The first inner tube 211 is made of DN40 seamless carbon steel pipe. One end of the first inner tube 211 is connected to the double-pass rotary joint 207, and the other end is supported by a flow equalization plate 212 approximately 150mm away from the main shaft end cap 213. Figure 7As shown, the flow equalizer 212 is made of high-temperature and heat-resistant carbon steel plate. The flow equalizer 212 has an inner tube hole 221 and a return flow hole 222. The first inner tube 211 passes through the inner tube hole 221 of the flow equalizer 212 and is flush with it. The inner tube hole 221 is 1mm larger than the first inner tube 211. The number of return flow holes 222 is generally 6-8, evenly distributed circumferentially around the inner tube hole 221. The total cross-sectional area of ​​the return flow holes 222 is larger than the inner diameter of the first inner tube 211. Cooling water enters through the inlet of the double-pass rotary joint 207, flows through the first inner tube 211 to the end, and then flows back through the return flow hole 222. After passing through the interlayer between the main shaft 201 and the first inner tube 211, the cooling water is discharged from the outlet of the double-pass rotary joint 207, thus achieving cooling of the water-cooled screw feeder 2. Whether the water-cooled screw feeder 2 uses double-end water inlet and outlet or single-end water inlet and outlet, the mechanical strength and service life of the water-cooled screw feeder 2 can be guaranteed.

[0096] Reference Figures 1 to 4 In some embodiments of this application, the sealed feeder 1 is disposed above the feed end of the water-cooled screw feeder 2. The sealed feeder 1 includes a rectangular feed cylinder 101, the top of which is connected to the hopper of the biomass raw material, and the lower end of the feed cylinder 101 is configured as a trapezoidal body 105, the lower part of which is connected to the opening of the sleeve 202. Preferably, the feed cylinder 101 and the trapezoidal body 105 can be made of carbon steel plate with a thickness of 6-8 mm. The feed cylinder 101 is equipped with two valve plates: an upper valve plate 103 and a lower valve plate 102. In some embodiments, the upper valve plate 103 is located approximately 600 mm above the lower valve plate 102, defining a material retention area between them. During operation, the upper valve plate 103 and the lower valve plate 102 alternately open and close. When the upper valve plate 103 is open, the lower valve plate 102 is closed, allowing the material above to pass through. The material falls into the material holding area. When the upper valve plate 103 closes, the lower valve plate 102 opens, allowing the raw material in the holding area to fall into the water-cooled screw feeder 2, achieving continuous intermittent feeding into the water-cooled screw feeder 2. Because the upper valve plate 103 and the lower valve plate 102 open and close alternately, the gasifier body 3 furnace chamber is kept isolated from the outside environment, preventing a large amount of outside air from being drawn into the gasifier body 3 furnace chamber during feeding, which could lead to a furnace explosion. Furthermore, the valve plate can be a plug-in type or a hinged type. Plug-in type valves require guide rails to enhance operational stability and sealing, such as... Figure 4As shown, in some embodiments, sliding guide rails 104 are provided at the positions of both valve plates inside the feed cylinder 101. The upper valve plate 103 and the lower valve plate 102 are slidably mounted on the sliding guide rails 104 to ensure smooth operation and sealing of the upper valve plate 103 and the lower valve plate 102. For hinged valves, a swing arm is provided on the rotating shaft to realize the flipping and opening / closing action of the valve plates. Regardless of whether a plug-in or hinged valve is used, a seal must be achieved when the valve plate is closed to reduce the intake of air into the gasifier body 3 due to the negative pressure in the furnace chamber.

[0097] Reference Figures 1 to 3 , Figure 20In some embodiments of this application, a material level controller 5 is provided inside the gasifier body 3. The material level controller 5 is vertically installed through the water-cooled furnace top 303 and is located on the opposite side of the sealed feeder 1, at a distance of 150-200mm from the brick surface of the high-alumina brick wall 324. The material level controller 5 has a swing arm structure and includes a mounting base plate 501, an adjusting plate 502, and a swing arm. The mounting base plate 501 is fixedly installed on the top of the water-cooled furnace top 303. Vertical adjustment plates 502 are respectively provided on both sides of the mounting base plate 501. The bottom of the mounting base plate 501 has a slot, through which the swing arm vertically passes. In some embodiments, the total length of the swing arm is approximately 1400mm, and the upper end of the swing arm is 700-800mm above the top surface of the water-cooled furnace top 303. A horizontal pivot pin 505 is provided on the swing arm at a position corresponding to the adjustment plate 502. Several adjustment holes are provided on the adjustment plate 502, and the pivot pin 505 passes through these holes as a movable fulcrum, allowing the swing arm to move around the pivot pin 505 as its rotation center. The slot is also shaped to match the movement trajectory of the swing arm, thus limiting the swing arm movement of the material level controller 5. The swing arm includes an outer tube 503 and a second inner tube 504. The outer tube 503 has an open top and a circular plate sealing its bottom. The second inner tube 504 is inserted into the outer tube 503 from above, with its upper end higher than the outer tube 503 and equipped with a water inlet. A 50-60mm reflux zone 508 is left between the bottom of the second inner tube 504 and the bottom of the outer tube 503. The upper end of the outer tube 503 is sealed to the outer surface of the second inner tube 504 by welding, forming a cross-flow jacket between the outer tube 503 and the second inner tube 504. The water outlet is located on the top side of the outer tube 503. Cooling water enters from the water inlet at the top of the second inner tube 504, passes through the second inner tube 504, reaches the reflux zone 508, enters the cross-flow jacket from the reflux zone 508, and finally flows out from the water outlet at the top of the outer tube 503. During this flow, the cooling water carries away the heat from the swing arm for cooling, preventing the high temperature inside the furnace from causing the swing arm of the level controller 5 to bend or be damaged. Furthermore, the circulating cooling water needs to be connected to the inlet and outlet of the swing arm using a hose to achieve a certain range of swing amplitude. A baffle 507 is set at the bottom of the swing arm. The baffle 507 swings with the swing arm and is located on the rear side within the diameter range of the spiral blade 203. When the water-cooled screw feeder 2 is working, the pushed biomass raw material reaches the baffle 507 and causes the material level controller 5 to swing. The swing of the material level controller 5 touches the set limit switch, and the limit switch controls the water-cooled screw feeder 2 to stop. When the chain width 404 of the moving chain grate 4 moves the biomass raw material, the material level controller 5 is released, the limit switch is reset, and the water-cooled screw feeder 2 is restarted. This cycle repeats, so that the biomass raw material in the gasifier body 3 is distributed at a consistent height, ensuring the required capacity thickness for gasification.Because the temperature inside the gasifier body 3 is high (generally 450-500℃) and there is a lot of dense smoke, photoelectric material level control is basically unsuitable. Therefore, the material level controller 5 of this application adopts a swing arm structure and water-cooled design to overcome the special environment of high temperature and dust inside the gasifier body 3 and ensure the material layer control of biomass raw materials.

[0098] Furthermore, refer to Figure 20 In some embodiments of this application, the material level controller 5 is also provided with a movable sealing plate 506. The width of the movable sealing plate 506 is slightly smaller than the distance between the two adjusting plates 502. The length of the movable sealing plate 506 is greater than twice the length of the bottom slot of the mounting base plate 501. The movable sealing plate 506 is provided with a through hole. The diameter of the through hole is 1mm larger than the outer diameter of the outer tube 503. The movable sealing plate 506 is fitted onto the outer tube 503 through the through hole. After installation, the movable sealing plate 506 is placed on the upper surface of the mounting base plate 501. When the swing arm moves, the movable sealing plate 506 moves with the swing arm, which serves to block the bottom slot of the mounting base plate 501 and prevent a large amount of air from being sucked into the furnace of the gasifier body 3.

[0099] Furthermore, in some embodiments of this application, the adjusting plate 502 is provided with several vertically arranged adjusting holes. Before use, the length of the material level controller 5 extending into the furnace can be adjusted by adjusting the position of the adjusting pin 505 on the adjusting plate 502, thereby controlling the height of the material layer.

[0100] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 8 and Figure 21 In some embodiments of this application, an ignition port 7 is provided at the bottom front end of the gasifier body 3. The length of the ignition port 7 is consistent with the width of the furnace chamber of the gasifier body 3. The height difference between the lowest point of the ignition port 7 and the chain width 404 is 100-120mm. The height of the ignition port 7 should not be too high, just high enough to meet the requirements for starting and ignition. In the cold furnace state, the biomass raw material in the furnace chamber of the gasifier body 3 can be ignited through the ignition port 7.

[0101] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 21In some embodiments of this application, a movable baffle 8 is provided on the outside of the ignition port 7 of the gasifier body 3. The movable baffle 8 can effectively reduce the large amount of air drawn from the ignition port 7 into the furnace of the gasifier body 3, which affects the combustion path, and does not hinder the operation of the chain width 404 of the water-cooled chain grate 4. The movable baffle 8 includes an arc-shaped plate 801, with a rotating shaft 802 located on the upper edge of the arc-shaped plate 801. The length of the rotating shaft 802 is 200mm longer than that of the arc-shaped plate 801. The inner arc surface of the upper part of the arc-shaped plate 801 is welded flush with the rotating shaft 802. A support plate 805 is provided on the load-bearing panel of the water-cooled chain grate 4. The support plate 805 is located at both ends of the arc-shaped plate 801. The two ends of the arc-shaped plate 801 are installed in light contact with the support plates 805 on both sides, and the outer arc surface of the entire arc-shaped plate 801 is evenly in contact with the chain spokes 404 to achieve sealing in a dragging state. An arc-shaped groove is provided on the upper part of the support plate 805 to support the rotating shaft 802. The arc-shaped groove is designed to prevent jamming. An upper sealing plate 803 is also provided on the upper part of the support plate 805. The upper sealing plate 803 is used to connect the rotating shaft 802 and the gasifier body 3 to seal the space between the two. Furthermore, in some embodiments, an inner reinforcing rib 804 may be provided inside the arc-shaped plate 801. The two sides of the inner reinforcing rib 804 are symmetrically welded to the inner arc surface of the arc-shaped plate 801, and the upper edge of the inner reinforcing rib 804 cannot touch the rotating shaft 802. The sealing method of this application solves the problem that the sealing door is prone to jamming when the chain web 404 moves. That is, when the chain web 404 moves forward, it is in a light contact state with the outer arc surface of the arc-shaped plate 801 to seal, which can achieve a movable sealing effect and is not easy to be jammed. When the chain web 404 moves backward, the rotating shaft 802 slides out from the arc groove to prevent jamming and avoid accidents. The movable baffle 8 is in a closed state when the gasifier is running. It is only opened when the gasifier is cold and needs to be ignited from the ignition port 7, so as to prevent a large amount of air from being drawn into the furnace from the ignition port 7 and affecting the combustion path of biomass raw materials.

[0102] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 8 and Figure 11 In some embodiments of this application, a slag discharge port 9 is provided at the bottom of the rear end of the gasifier body 3. The length of the slag discharge port 9 is consistent with the width of the furnace chamber of the gasifier body 3, and the height of the slag discharge port 9 is approximately 280-320mm. When designing the size of the slag discharge port 9, the amount of slag discharged and the speed of the grate should be considered so that the slag discharge port 9 can meet the amount of carbon slag discharged when the gasifier device is under maximum load.

[0103] Reference Figure 2In some embodiments of this application, a water-cooled baffle 11 is provided on the outer side of the ash discharge port 9 of the gasifier body 3. The water-cooled baffle 11 consists of a baffle body, a lifting rod, and a power mechanism. The baffle body is provided with a water-cooling structure to increase its service life; lifting rods are provided at both ends of the baffle body. The lifting rods are usually threaded, and the power mechanism can use gear meshing to drive the lifting rods to move, thereby raising and lowering the baffle body and realizing the function of horizontally raising and lowering the water-cooled baffle 11. The water-cooled baffle 11 is installed close to the gasifier body 3, and limit slots are provided at both ends to prevent the baffle body from deviating when moving up and down. By raising and lowering the water-cooled baffle 11, the outlet height of the ash discharge port 9 can be adjusted, thereby controlling the ash discharge volume and the air intake volume of the ash discharge port 9, increasing the load adjustment range of the gasifier body 3 and meeting more production scenarios.

[0104] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments of this application, a burnout furnace 10 is provided on the chain grate outside the ash discharge port 9. The ash is discharged from the ash discharge port 9 by the chain grate and burned within the burnout furnace 10. The inner and outer widths of the burnout furnace 10 are consistent with those of the gasifier body 3, and its length is based on the maximum ash discharge volume and burnout duration under maximum load, typically 3 meters or more. The internal height of the burnout furnace 10 is generally 400-500 mm. The shell of the burnout furnace 10 is made of 6-8 mm thick heat-resistant carbon steel plate and reinforcing ribs. The internal insulation, heat insulation, and refractory materials and manufacturing processes are the same as those used in the composite furnace body 302. Since a blower regulating window 409 is provided on the water-cooled chain grate 4 below the burnout furnace 10, and the blower regulating window 409 is connected to a blower, the blower volume can be adjusted according to the current ash discharge volume to burn the ash. When the charcoal slag burns, a large amount of carbon dioxide is produced. The carbon dioxide is drawn into the furnace of the gasifier body 3 through the slag discharge port 9 by the high-temperature induced draft fan 14. The slag discharge port 9 contains a large amount of high-temperature charcoal. The carbon dioxide and the high-temperature charcoal come into contact and produce a reduction reaction to produce carbon monoxide, which increases the proportion of carbon monoxide in the biomass gas and improves the calorific value of the biomass gas. The burnt ash is moved to the rear by the chain 404 and falls to the scraper conveyor 19 for discharge. Because the gasification rate of the biomass raw material and the combustion rate of the discharged charcoal slag are not synchronized, a burnout furnace 10 must be set up to consume the unburned charcoal slag. Usually, the charcoal slag discharged from the slag discharge port 9 has a carbon content of about 25%, which is low and the calorific value is only a few hundred kcal / kg. Moreover, the charcoal slag contains impurities such as mud, metal, stones, and coke, which are difficult to reprocess and utilize, and cannot be further processed to generate added value. Charcoal cannot be naturally degraded. Landfilling is neither scientific nor environmentally friendly. This application proposes to completely burn the charcoal slag and then separate out the metal materials. The remaining residue is used to manufacture environmentally friendly bricks for use in green belts, achieving the goals of energy conservation, environmental protection, profit generation, and revenue generation.

[0105] Furthermore, refer to Figure 2 , Figure 22 and Figure 23 In some embodiments of this application, a membrane wall heat recovery unit 12 is provided above the combustion furnace 10, and one side of the membrane wall heat recovery unit 12 is horizontally fixed near the water-cooled baffle 11. The size range of the membrane wall heat recovery unit 12 is consistent with the chain width 404 inside the combustion furnace 10, and its bottom is more than 400-500mm away from the chain width 404. This distance is at the high temperature of the tail of the charcoal combustion flame, which can make full use of the heat energy generated by the combustion of charcoal. Support frames 1204 are provided at both ends of the bottom of the membrane wall heat recovery unit 12 to support it, ensuring that the overall load of the membrane wall heat recovery unit 12 is uniform. The membrane wall heat recovery unit 12 includes a membrane wall tube body 1203 made of seamless carbon steel tubing. The membrane wall tube body 1203 is a U-shaped coil that covers the upper wall of the interior of the combustion furnace 10. A fourth inlet pipe 1201 and a fourth outlet pipe 1202 are respectively installed at both ends of the membrane wall tube body 1203. The diameters of the fourth inlet pipe 1201 and the fourth outlet pipe 1202 are the same as the diameter of the membrane wall tube body 1203. Circulating cooling water is supplied by an independent hot water pipeline pump. For safety reasons, the outlet water temperature of the membrane wall heat recovery unit 12 does not exceed 100℃ (if low-pressure steam is required, a pressurized heat recovery unit is needed). The generated hot water is drawn out for utilization. An insulation layer 1205 is installed above the membrane wall tube body 1203, including a ceramic fiber blanket and an aluminum silicate board, with an overall thickness ≥200mm, achieving the required thermal insulation effect.

[0106] Reference Figures 1 to 3 , Figure 8 and Figure 14 In some embodiments of this application, a gas outlet 6 is provided above the gasifier body 3. The gas outlet 6 is located in the middle of the water-cooled furnace top 303, near the rear end, with the edge of the gas outlet 6 500-600mm away from the wall of the composite furnace body 302. The gas outlet 6 is made of stainless steel round pipe, with a flange blind plate sealing the upper end of the round pipe (with a reserved manhole for easy maintenance). The round pipe of the gas outlet 6 penetrates through the water-cooled furnace top 303, with the bottom end of the round pipe flush with the furnace top bottom plate 331 and fully sealed by welding. The outer wall of the round pipe is fully sealed by welding to the furnace top upper panel 335. An opening is provided on the side of the round pipe of the gas outlet 6 and connected to the first gas pipeline 13. Furthermore, the inside of the round pipe of the gas outlet 6 is provided with reinforcing ribs to increase strength, and the welding materials and welding processes used in different parts must meet industry standards.

[0107] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 3In some embodiments of this application, the gas outlet 6 is connected to a first gas pipeline 13. One end of the first gas pipeline 13 is connected to the side of the stainless steel round pipe of the gas outlet 6, and the other end is connected to the inlet of the high-temperature induced draft fan 14. The first gas pipeline 13 is conventionally horizontal. If the path needs to be changed to accommodate the installation of the high-temperature induced draft fan 14, an elbow needs to be added. The first gas pipeline 13 is also made of seamless stainless steel to improve its durability. To prevent high-temperature biomass gas from damaging the high-temperature induced draft fan 14 or affecting its service life, the length of the first gas pipeline 13 is generally set to be more than 8 meters, but not exceeding 15 meters. Due to the relatively long length of the first gas pipeline 13, a bracket needs to be installed below the first gas pipeline 13 for support. Arc-shaped rollers are installed at the contact points between the brackets and the first gas pipeline 13 for support. The curvature of the arc-shaped rollers must match the curvature of the outer diameter of the pipeline to protect the pipe wall of the first gas pipeline 13. Limiting posts are installed on the brackets on both sides of the first gas pipeline 13 to prevent displacement caused by thermal expansion and contraction of the pipeline. In some embodiments, a stainless steel expansion joint is also provided at the connection end between the first gas pipeline 13 and the high-temperature induced draft fan 14 to prevent the thermal expansion and contraction of the first gas pipeline 13 from affecting the normal operation of the high-temperature induced draft fan 14. In addition, a stainless steel expansion joint is installed every 5-6 meters in the middle section of the first gas pipeline 13 to eliminate the thermal stress of the pipeline and the compensation for thermal expansion and contraction. After the first gas pipeline 13 is installed and fixed, it is wrapped with a ceramic fiber blanket for insulation. The outer shell of the insulation layer is wrapped with stainless steel, and the surface temperature of the outer shell is controlled below 50°C.

[0108] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 3In some embodiments of this application, a high-temperature resistant induced draft fan 14 is installed at the end of the first gas pipeline 13. The high-temperature resistant induced draft fan 14 is installed on a stable ground or platform. The inlet end of the high-temperature resistant induced draft fan 14 is connected to the first gas pipeline 13, and the outlet of the high-temperature resistant induced draft fan 14 is provided with a second gas pipeline 15. One end of the second gas pipeline 15 is connected to the outlet of the high-temperature resistant induced draft fan 14, and the other end is connected to the gas inlet of the biomass gas burner 18. A short section of the second gas pipeline 15 is installed vertically at the outlet of the high-temperature resistant induced draft fan 14, and then a bend is added to make the second gas pipeline 15 horizontal. Usually, a passage space of more than two meters is reserved below the second gas pipeline 15. The second gas pipeline 15 is a seamless stainless steel pipe, and the total length of the second gas pipeline 15 generally does not exceed 25 meters. It is conceivable that a bracket is also provided below the second gas pipeline 15 for support, and the bracket structure is similar to that described for the bracket of the first gas pipeline 13. In addition, stainless steel expansion joints must be installed at the outlet connection between the second gas pipeline 15 and the high-temperature induced draft fan 14, as well as at the inlet connection between the second gas pipeline 15 and the biomass gas burner 18, to prevent the thermal expansion and contraction of the second gas pipeline 15 from affecting the normal operation of the high-temperature induced draft fan 14 and the safe use of the biomass gas burner 18. A stainless steel expansion joint should be installed every 6 meters along the middle section of the second gas pipeline 15 to eliminate thermal stress and compensate for thermal expansion and contraction. After the second gas pipeline 15 is installed and fixed, it also needs to be wrapped with ceramic fiber blankets for insulation. A stainless steel insulation outer shell should be installed outside the ceramic fiber blankets, and the surface temperature of the outer shell should be controlled below 50°C.

[0109] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 3 In some embodiments of this application, a biomass gas burner 18 is provided at the end of the second gas pipeline 15. The biomass gas burner 18 is matched with the power of the biomass gasification furnace and is fixed on the heating boiler in a normal installation manner. The biomass gas burner 18 is a dedicated biomass gas combustion burner. The biomass gas burner 18 is equipped with a programmable controller, a flame detector, an ignition gun, and a blower. It can safely and stably burn low-calorific-value biomass gas, and the load adjustment range is 25%-100%. The performance of the biomass gas burner 18 meets the national standards for oil (gas) burners.

[0110] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 3In some embodiments of this application, a shut-off valve 17 is provided on the second gas pipeline 15 upstream of the biomass gas burner 18. The shut-off valve 17 can completely cut off the flow of the second gas pipeline 15, so as to cut off the biomass gas supply to the biomass gas burner 18 when necessary. It is generally used in emergency situations or maintenance situations of the biomass gas burner 18. The shut-off valve 17 is a gas-specific valve, which is required to have high temperature resistance and the manufacturing process and inspection must meet national standards. Furthermore, as a precaution, two shut-off valves 17 are usually installed in series on the second gas pipeline 15. The two shut-off valves 17 operate synchronously to ensure that the biomass gas supply to the second gas pipeline 15 can be completely cut off when needed. Furthermore, in some embodiments of this application, a venting device 16 is also provided on the second gas pipeline 15 upstream of the shut-off valve 17. The venting device 16 is a branch pipeline on the second gas pipeline 15, and includes a venting pipe 1601. A venting shut-off valve 1602 is provided at the end of the venting pipe 1601. The venting shut-off valve 1602 is a gas-specific valve, requiring the valve to have high-temperature resistance, and its manufacturing process and inspection to comply with national standards. A venting exhaust pipe 1604 is provided above the venting shut-off valve 1602. The venting exhaust pipe 1604 is fitted into the outlet end of the venting shut-off valve 1602 and installed and fixed. A rainproof cover is installed at a distance of 1 meter from the upper exhaust outlet to prevent water ingress. A venting ignition gun 1603 is installed on the venting exhaust pipe 1604 at an angle of 20-30° upwards. The flare ignition gun 1603 has a power of ≥90KW / h and uses liquefied coal gas to ignite the flared biomass gas. The flare ignition gun 1603 is equipped with a power supply, compressed air, a programmable controller, a transformer, a high-voltage ignition electrode, a solenoid valve, and a flame detector, enabling automatic ignition. When the biomass gas burner 18 detects flame extinguishing or an emergency shutdown due to equipment failure, the control system of the biomass gasification furnace instructs the high-temperature induced draft fan 14 to reduce its load, activates the shut-off valve 17 to cut off the gas supply from the second gas pipeline 15 to the biomass gas burner 18, and simultaneously opens the flare shut-off valve 1602 to flare the biomass gas. The flare ignition gun 1603 ignites the flared biomass gas. The high-temperature hot gas generated during combustion draws air into the flare exhaust pipe 1604 through self-suction, allowing the air to mix and burn with the biomass gas. This avoids environmental pollution from flue gas and reduces the risk of deflagration, ensuring production safety.

[0111] Reference Figures 1 to 3In some embodiments of this application, a scraper conveyor 19 is provided at the bottom rear end of the water-cooled chain grate 4. The scraper conveyor 19 and the water-cooled chain grate 4 are arranged in an L-shape. The feed inlet of the scraper conveyor 19 is fixedly set corresponding to the ash drop point of the water-cooled chain grate 4. The burned ash moves with the chain width 404 to the rear and falls into the feed inlet of the scraper conveyor 19. The length of the feed inlet is the same as the width of the chain width 404. One scraper conveyor 19 can simultaneously meet the ash discharge application of up to two biomass gasification furnace devices, that is, the horizontal section is extended to provide two feed inlets, and the two biomass gasification furnace devices are placed side by side. The scraper conveyor 19 can use wet ash discharge or dry ash discharge. For wet ash discharge, a water layer of a certain height is set in the installation groove to wet the ash. For dry ash discharge, dust prevention facilities need to be added.

[0112] The water-cooled biomass gasifier of this application can meet the requirements for continuous and safe operation of biomass gasification equipment, and solves various problems encountered by traditional biomass gasification equipment, thereby improving the full utilization of biomass energy and increasing the calorific value of biomass gas; thus achieving the goal of improving environmental and economic benefits.

[0113] It is understood that the above embodiments only illustrate preferred embodiments of this application, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of this application. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the concept of this application, the above technical features can be freely combined, and several modifications and improvements can be made, all of which fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, all equivalent transformations and modifications made within the scope of the claims of this application should fall within the coverage of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A water-cooled biomass gasification furnace, characterized in that, include: A water-cooled chain grate (4) includes a chain web (404) for conveying biomass raw materials and charcoal slag along a first horizontal direction. The chain web (404) is composed of a number of grate plates and grate pins (440). There are gaps between the grate plates. The lower part of the chain web (404) is provided with a self-priming ventilation window (408) and a blower regulating window (409). A sealed feeder (1) and a water-cooled screw feeder (2) are provided. The water-cooled screw feeder (2) includes a main shaft (201) that spans above the water-cooled chain grate (4) in a second horizontal direction. The second horizontal direction is perpendicular to the first horizontal direction. The main shaft (201) is provided with screw blades (203) for pushing biomass raw materials. The sealed feeder (1) is located above the water-cooled screw feeder (2). The sealed feeder (1) transports the biomass raw materials to the water-cooled screw feeder (2), and the water-cooled screw feeder (2) arranges the biomass raw materials on the upper surface of the chain web (404) in the second horizontal direction. The gasifier body (3) is located above the water-cooled chain grate (4). The gasifier body (3) is used to heat and burn the biomass raw materials transported on the chain grate (404) to generate biomass gas. The self-priming ventilation window (408) is located within the range of the gasifier body (3). Outside air enters the biomass raw materials on the chain grate (404) through the self-priming ventilation window (408) to help combustion. The top of the gasifier body (3) is provided with a gas outlet (6). The rear of the gasifier body (3) is provided with a slag discharge port (9). The char slag formed after the biomass raw materials are burned is discharged from the slag discharge port (9) along the first horizontal direction. The burner (10) is located above the water-cooled chain grate (4) and behind the gasifier body (3). The burner (10) and the gasifier body (3) are connected through the slag discharge port (9). The blast adjustment window (409) is located within the range of the burner (10). The blast adjustment window (409) can actively adjust the amount of air entering the burner (10). The charcoal slag discharged from the slag discharge port (9) enters the burner (10). The charcoal slag discharged can be burned by adjusting the blast adjustment window (409).

2. The water-cooled biomass gasification furnace as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The blower regulating window (409) is connected to the blower, and a valve plate is provided on the air inlet end of the blower regulating window (409) to control the air intake volume.

3. The water-cooled biomass gasification furnace as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The water-cooled chain grate (4) includes a water-cooled bracket (406), which includes several longitudinal water-cooled pipes (461) arranged along a first direction. The longitudinal water-cooled pipes (461) are filled with flowing cooling water. The longitudinal water-cooled pipes (461) support the chain web (404) from below. The heat of the chain web (404) is carried away by the cooling water in the longitudinal water-cooled pipes (461) for cooling.

4. The water-cooled biomass gasification furnace as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The water-cooled bracket (406) includes a first water inlet pipe (411) and a first water outlet pipe (412). The water inlet end of each set of longitudinal water-cooled pipes (461) is connected to the first water inlet pipe (411), and the water outlet end of each set of longitudinal water-cooled pipes (461) is connected to the first water outlet pipe (412). A flow-blocking plate is provided inside the longitudinal water-cooling pipe (461). The flow-blocking plate is located at the bottom of the longitudinal water-cooling pipe (461) so that cooling water flows through the upper part of the longitudinal water-cooling pipe (461). The flow-blocking plate is used to adjust the effective flow area of ​​the longitudinal water-cooling pipe (461) to ensure that the temperature of the water outlet of each group of the longitudinal water-cooling pipes (461) is similar when they converge in the first water outlet pipe (412).

5. The water-cooled biomass gasification furnace as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The grate bars of the chain width (404) include a main grate bar (431) and a secondary grate bar (421), and the secondary grate bar (421) has ventilation gaps on both sides; The chain width (404) is divided into a secondary grate section (420) and a main grate section (430). Along the second horizontal direction, the secondary grate section (420) is close to the feed side, and the main grate section (430) is far from the feed side. The secondary grate section (420) includes all the secondary grate bars (421) and a small number of the main grate bars (431).

6. The water-cooled biomass gasification furnace as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The gasifier body (3) is composed of a water-cooled base (301), a composite furnace body (302), and a water-cooled furnace top (303). The water-cooled base (301), the composite furnace body (302), the water-cooled furnace top (303), and the chain spokes (404) together define the furnace chamber of the gasifier body (3).

7. The water-cooled biomass gasification furnace as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The water-cooled base (301) includes a base plate (311), a top plate (312), an outer plate (313), and an inner plate (314). The base plate (311), the top plate (312), the outer plate (313), and the inner plate (314) define a U-shaped structure of the water-cooled base (301). Cooling water is circulated inside the four walls of the U-shape to form a water-cooling body. Along the first horizontal direction, the water-cooled body at the front end of the water-cooled base (301) is higher than the water-cooled body at the rear end of the water-cooled base (301), and a second water outlet pipe (318) is provided on the upper part of the water-cooled body at the front end of the water-cooled base (301), and a second water inlet pipe (317) is provided on the water-cooled body at the rear end of the water-cooled base (301).

8. The water-cooled biomass gasification furnace as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The water-cooled furnace top (303) includes a furnace top bottom plate (331), a furnace top side plate (334), and a furnace top upper plate (335). The furnace top bottom plate (331), the furnace top side plate (334), and the furnace top upper plate (335) are sealed together by sealing welding to form a sealed chamber structure. A middle partition pipe (332) is provided inside the water-cooled furnace top (303). The middle partition pipe (332) isolates the sealed chamber of the entire furnace top from the middle to form two independent areas. A U-shaped partition pipe (333) is provided in the middle of each independent area. The U-shaped partition pipe (333) divides the corresponding independent area into a U-shape. Cooling water flows through each U-shaped independent area.

9. The water-cooled biomass gasification furnace as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The water-cooled furnace top (303) is provided with a plurality of water-cooled baffle pipes (304). The water-cooled baffle pipes (304) are located at the bottom of the water-cooled furnace top (303) and inside the furnace chamber of the gasifier body (3). The water-cooled baffle pipes (304) surround the top of the furnace chamber and are vertically arranged close to the composite furnace body (302). The water-cooled baffle pipes (304) are designed with a single-end through hole with an opening at the top. The cooling water in the water-cooled furnace top (303) enters the interior of the water-cooled baffle pipes (304) through the opening at the top of the water-cooled baffle pipes (304).

10. The water-cooled biomass gasification furnace as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The sealed feeder (1) includes a feed cylinder (101), and an upper valve plate (103) and a lower valve plate (102) are provided inside the feed cylinder (101). A material retention area is defined between the upper valve plate (103) and the lower valve plate (102). The upper valve plate (103) and the lower valve plate (102) work alternately by opening and closing.

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