Peripheral prevention and control system and method for desert photovoltaic large base

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of wind and sand prevention and control, in particular to a desert photovoltaic large base peripheral prevention and control system and method. The prevention and control system comprises a main air guide direction prevention and control system and a secondary air guide direction prevention and control system; the main wind direction prevention and control system is sequentially provided with three high vertical sand blocking fences, a lateral anti-lateral quicksand fence, a first sand stabilization grid area with a grid structure, two first plant sand blocking forest belts, a first plant sand stabilization area and a windproof sand blocking dust suppression fence in the direction from the upwind direction to the photovoltaic base. And the secondary wind guide direction prevention and control system comprises a second sand stabilization grid area, a second plant sand blocking forest belt and a second plant sand stabilization area. The sand prevention system can effectively solve the problems that an existing sand prevention technology is low in efficiency, unsustainable and the like, erosion and damage of sand grains to photovoltaic panels and infrastructures are reduced, the power generation efficiency is improved, the maintenance cost is reduced, long-term stable and efficient operation of a desert photovoltaic large base is guaranteed, and powerful support is provided for energy development and ecological protection balance in the desert area.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of wind-sand prevention and control, in particular to an engineering plant composite sand prevention system suitable for the periphery of a large desert photovoltaic base and a prevention and control method. BACKGROUND

[0002] The construction of a large desert photovoltaic base is of great significance for energy development and utilization. However, wind-sand activities are extremely frequent in desert areas, which brings many severe challenges to the stable operation of the large desert photovoltaic base. During the operation of the large desert photovoltaic base, the invasion of wind-sand causes sand to accumulate on the surface of the photovoltaic panels, which seriously reduces the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panels. Moreover, the continuous erosion and damage of the wind-sand flow to the infrastructure of the base greatly shortens the service life of the facilities, increases the maintenance cost and safety risk, and has a very adverse effect on the long-term stable operation of the base.

[0003] The inventor found in the in-depth research that the current sand prevention devices for the large desert photovoltaic base have some problems: first, the existing sand prevention methods mainly focus on single engineering sand prevention measures, such as setting up sand barriers, etc., but fail to fully combine the advantages of plant sand prevention, resulting in that the sand prevention effect is difficult to last and the sand prevention efficiency is relatively low. Plant sand prevention not only can effectively fix the sand surface, but also can gradually improve the local ecological environment over time, reduce the sand source, which single engineering sand prevention cannot achieve such effect. Second, the sand dunes around the periphery of the large desert photovoltaic base have not been properly fixed and managed, and these active sand dunes become a continuous sand source supply site, continuously transporting sand particles to the base, making the sand prevention work in a very passive situation, and the sand prevention pressure is huge and difficult to effectively alleviate. Third, in the area where the strong wind-sand flow frequently invades, the traditional conventional protection system and material cannot meet the actual needs of sand prevention. Under the impact of strong wind-sand, ordinary sand barriers are easily damaged, and the sand prevention effect is greatly reduced. It is urgent to introduce a new sand prevention system to significantly improve the actual benefits of sand prevention and ensure that the large desert photovoltaic base can safely, stably and efficiently operate in the harsh wind-sand environment. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a sand prevention and control system suitable for the periphery of a large desert photovoltaic base and a prevention and control method, which can improve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the following technical solutions are adopted: A sand prevention and control system for the periphery of a large desert photovoltaic base, comprising prevention and control structures arranged respectively for the dominant wind direction and the secondary dominant wind direction; The dominant wind direction prevention and control system is arranged in the upwind direction to the photovoltaic base in the following order: Three high vertical sand barriers, all arranged perpendicular to the dominant wind direction; A lateral anti-lateral flow sand fence is arranged perpendicularly to the high vertical sand fence and at the side of the whole control system, with one end arranged at the edge of the photovoltaic base and the other end extending to the first high vertical sand fence, and the included angle between the two is θ, 0°<θ<180°; A first sand-fixing grid area with a grid structure is arranged downwind of the high vertical sand fence. Two first plant sand-blocking forest belts are planted in parallel in the first sand-fixing grid area. A first plant sand-fixing area is planted in the first sand-fixing grid area and downwind of the two first plant sand-blocking forest belts. A wind-preventing, sand-blocking and dust-preventing fence is arranged between the first sand-fixing grid area and the photovoltaic base, with a dense structure at the lower part for blocking sand, a metal dust-preventing net structure at the middle part, and a net structure at the upper part for preventing wind. The secondary wind direction control system comprises: A second sand-fixing grid area is arranged in the opposite direction of the secondary wind direction. A second plant sand-blocking forest belt is arranged perpendicularly to the secondary wind direction, composed of two rows of shrubs and planted in the second sand-fixing grid area. A second plant sand-fixing area is arranged upwind of the photovoltaic base and planted in the second sand-fixing grid area, with shrub-grass combined plants planted.

[0006] In the main wind direction control system, the main function of the high vertical sand fence is to preliminarily block the wind-sand flow, reduce the intensity of the wind-sand flow, and reduce the pressure on the subsequent protection facilities. The lateral anti-lateral flow sand fence can effectively prevent the wind-sand flow from the direction that is not perpendicular to the photovoltaic base, especially the wind-sand flow parallel to the photovoltaic base, to avoid its accumulation in the base, and plays a key protection role in the main wind direction control system during the wind season transition period. The first plant sand-blocking forest belt not only further blocks the wind-sand flow, but also fixes the soil with its root system as the plants grow, gradually improves the local ecological environment, and cooperates with other sand-preventing facilities to enhance the overall sand-preventing effect. In addition, after sand accumulation in the first sand-fixing grid area, combined with biological sand-preventing measures such as planting of desert plants and artificial irrigation, a biological sand-preventing system is formed. With the growth and development of plants, the plants and sand-preventing measures promote each other to form a benign and sustainable sand-preventing mode, continuously enhance the protection effect, and effectively reduce the erosion of wind-sand on the desert photovoltaic base. The lower part of the wind-preventing, sand-blocking and dust-preventing fence is a dense structure that can effectively block the near-ground wind-sand; the middle part is a metal dust-preventing net with concave-convex structure that can filter the dust particles in the wind-sand; and the upper part is a net structure that can reduce the wind speed of the wind-sand flow. Through this layered structure design, the wind-sand invasion can be resisted to the greatest extent, the damage of wind-sand to the internal facilities of the photovoltaic base can be reduced, and the dust can be suppressed to maintain a clean environment in the base and ensure the normal operation of the photovoltaic equipment.

[0007] The installation sequence and principle are as follows: The layout proceeds from the outside in, consisting of tall, upright sand-blocking fences, lateral sand-fixing fences, the first vegetation-based sand-blocking forest belt, the first sand-fixing grid area, the first vegetation-based sand-fixing area, and finally, windbreak, sand-blocking, and dust-suppressing fences. Based on the mechanism of desert sandstorms, sand and dust arrive from the windward side. The tall, upright sand-blocking fences effectively cut off the sand source, preventing sand from burying the subsequent first sand-fixing grid area and the first vegetation-based sand-fixing area, thus facilitating construction within the system. The lateral sand-fixing fences further block the impact of wind and sand from both sides of the first sand-fixing grid area. Finally, the windbreak, sand-blocking, and dust-suppressing fences provide comprehensive protection for the photovoltaic base from the outside in. All protective facilities work together to form an organic whole, achieving highly efficient wind and sand protection.

[0008] In the secondary windward direction control system, the second vegetation-based sand-blocking forest belt serves as the first line of defense, initially blocking wind and sand from the secondary windward direction, reducing sand speed, and minimizing the impact of wind and sand on subsequent protective facilities. The second sand-fixing grid area has excellent sand-fixing performance, effectively stabilizing the dune surface and preventing further sand movement. Plants in the second vegetation-based sand-fixing area are planted within the second sand-fixing grid, primarily using a combination of shrubs and grasses, such as Haloxylon ammodendron, Calligonum mongolicum, and Nitraria tangutorum. Through the synergistic effect of plant growth and sand barriers, the dunes are gradually stabilized, improving the local ecological environment, achieving sustainable sand control goals, and protecting the photovoltaic power base from wind and sand damage from the secondary windward direction. Compared to the dominant windward direction control system, the secondary windward direction control system suffers less wind erosion damage, therefore its structure is relatively simplified, featuring a three-layer structure. Targeted adjustments have been made to the scale, layout, and parameters of each protective facility to reasonably reduce construction costs and resource input while meeting sand control requirements.

[0009] Overall prevention and control system layout: The prevailing wind direction protection system is deployed on the west and north sides of the desert photovoltaic base, which are the main paths for wind and sand erosion. These systems utilize complex and comprehensive protective structures to resist strong winds and sandstorms. The secondary wind direction protection system is deployed on the south and east sides of the base. Based on the relatively lower wind and sand hazard from these secondary wind directions, a simpler protective structure is used, forming a comprehensive wind and sand protection network for the desert photovoltaic base. This ensures the base can operate stably under wind and sand conditions in different wind directions.

[0010] Preferably, the tall sand-blocking fence is made of high-density polyethylene, the spacing between adjacent tall sand-blocking fences is 20m to 30m, and the height of each tall sand-blocking fence is 1.7m to 2.0m.

[0011] Preferably, the tall sand-blocking fence adopts a break-point setting method, with a gap set at intervals of 100~200m for animal passage.

[0012] Preferably, the lateral sand-blocking fence is a fence formed by planting vegetation, with the plants being 1.0m to 1.5m high and spaced 80m to 100m apart. The lateral sand-blocking fence can be selected from materials such as tall reed fences or straw mat sand barriers, and is installed at the edge of the prevailing wind direction control system, running east-west, and only on one side.

[0013] Preferably, both the first and second sand-fixing grid areas are made of high-density polyethylene, polyethylene, or polylactic acid, which have advantages such as high tensile strength and good weather resistance, and can resist harsh climatic conditions such as ultraviolet radiation, high temperature, and severe cold. Furthermore, these alternative materials, while possessing certain sand-fixing properties, also have unique advantages in certain aspects (such as cost and biodegradability), and can meet the sand-fixing needs of large-scale desert photovoltaic bases under different application scenarios and environmental protection requirements.

[0014] Preferably, both the first and second sand-fixing grid areas are fixed by HDPE material columns. The central seam structure on the ground part of the column can effectively clamp the sand-fixing net and make it wrap around to form a honeycomb grid, thereby enhancing the sand-fixing effect.

[0015] Preferably, the width of the first sand-fixing grid area is 10m~20m, the height is 20cm~30cm, the length is 300m, and the porosity is 45%~70%, with one end located at the windbreak, sand-blocking, and dust-suppressing fence and the other end extending to 6m~8m beyond the first layer of the plant sand-blocking forest belt.

[0016] Preferably, one end of the second sand-fixing grid area is set at the edge of the photovoltaic base protective fence, and the other end is laid out 30m in the opposite direction to the secondary wind direction, with a layout width of 10m, and the porosity of the second sand-fixing grid area is 45%~70%.

[0017] Preferably, the spacing between adjacent first plant sand-blocking forest belts is 6m to 8m, the first first plant sand-blocking forest belt consists of two rows of plants with a spacing of 1.5m between them, and the distance between the first first plant sand-blocking forest belt and the third high-rise sand-blocking fence is 30m to 35m.

[0018] Preferably, the first sand-blocking forest belt is selected from at least one of Haloxylon ammodendron, Tamarix chinensis, or Caragana korshinskii, and the second sand-blocking forest belt is selected from at least one of Haloxylon ammodendron, Calligonum mongolicum, Tamarix chinensis, or Caragana korshinskii.

[0019] Preferably, the first plant sand-fixing zone is selected from at least one of Haloxylon ammodendron, Nitraria tangutorum, Calligonum mongolicum, Tamarisk or Caragana korshinskii, in a row-and-column structure with a plant spacing of 1.5m × 1.5m.

[0020] Preferably, the distance from the second plant sand-fixing area to the outer protective fence of the photovoltaic base is 5m to 8m. It is arranged by combining sand barriers with plants. The width of the second plant sand-fixing area accounts for 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 of the width of the entire secondary wind protection system. The second plant sand-fixing area is selected from at least one of Haloxylon ammodendron, Calligonum mongolicum, or Nitraria tangutorum.

[0021] Preferably, the distance between the windproof, sand-blocking, and dust-suppressing fence and the outer protective fence of the photovoltaic base is 5m to 8m, and the height is 1.7m to 2.5m.

[0022] The sand-fixing shrubs planted in the two first-level sand-fixing forest belts, the first-level sand-fixing area, the first-level sand-fixing forest belt, and the second-level sand-fixing area can be flexibly replaced by psammophytic shrubs such as *Haloxylon ammodendron*, *Caragana korshinskii*, *Hippophae rhamnoides*, and *Alpinia maughanii*, based on local climate, soil, and other natural conditions. By selecting suitable sand-fixing plants according to local conditions, the survival rate and adaptability of the plants can be improved, the role of plants in sand prevention can be better exerted, and the stability and effectiveness of the entire prevention and control system can be enhanced.

[0023] This invention also provides a method for perimeter protection of a large-scale desert photovoltaic base, characterized by including zoning according to wind direction, sequentially setting up various sand-proof structures, combining plant planting with engineering sand fixation, and carrying out long-term maintenance.

[0024] Preferably, the specific method includes the following steps: Based on the dominant and secondary directions of wind and sand, the aforementioned prevention and control system is set up around the photovoltaic base. In the direction of the prevailing wind, three high vertical sand-blocking fences, lateral sand-blocking fences, the first vegetation sand-blocking forest belt, the first sand-fixing grid area, the first vegetation sand-fixing area, and windbreak, sand-blocking, and dust-suppressing fences are set up in sequence. In the secondary wind direction, the second vegetation sand-blocking forest belt, the second sand-fixing grid area and the second vegetation sand-fixing area are set up in sequence. Regular maintenance, including irrigation and management of the plant area.

[0025] The desert photovoltaic base perimeter control system and method provided by this invention comprehensively consider the characteristics of desert wind and sand, the layout of the photovoltaic base, and the sustainability of the ecological environment. By rationally designing the control system for the prevailing wind direction and the secondary wind direction, and adopting a composite sand control technology system that combines engineering and vegetation, it effectively solves the problems existing in the sand control technology of the desert photovoltaic base, and provides a reliable technical guarantee for the stable development of the desert photovoltaic industry.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: (1) This invention provides a perimeter control system for a large-scale desert photovoltaic base, which can scientifically combine engineering sand control measures with plant sand control measures according to local conditions, thereby improving the wind and sand protection benefits and ensuring the sustainable development of the protection system. (2) The structural design of each protective facility has been carefully considered. For example, the break point setting of the tall sand-blocking fence meets the needs of animal passage without affecting the overall sand-blocking effect; the combination structure of the columns and sand-blocking nets in the first and second sand-blocking grid areas can form a stable sand-blocking unit; the layered structure of the windproof, sand-blocking and dust-suppressing fence effectively blocks and filters sand according to its different characteristics. These reasonable structural designs enable the protective system to give full play to the functions of each component during the sand-blocking process, improve the overall protective performance, and enhance the durability and adaptability of the system in strong wind and sand environments.

[0027] (3) Through the differentiated setting of the control system in the direction of the prevailing wind and the direction of the secondary wind, as well as the synergistic effect of each layer of the entire control system, it can effectively cope with the complex and ever-changing wind and sand environment in desert areas. Whether it is a strong wind and sand flow area or an area with relatively weak wind and sand, whether it is a continuous invasion from a single wind direction or an alternating influence from multiple wind directions, the control system can adaptively adjust according to the actual situation, always maintain a good sand prevention effect, reduce the erosion and damage of sand particles to photovoltaic panels and infrastructure, improve power generation efficiency, reduce maintenance costs, ensure the long-term stable and efficient operation of the large-scale photovoltaic base in the desert, and provide strong support for the balance between energy development and ecological protection in desert areas.

[0028] (4) Animal passages are set up within the system and local plants are used to take into account the needs of ecological protection and promote the ecological balance of desert areas. Attached Figure Description

[0029] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0030] Figure 1 This is a side view schematic diagram of the prevailing wind direction control system provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a top view schematic diagram of the prevailing wind direction control system provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the primary and secondary wind directions around the desert photovoltaic base provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a side view schematic diagram of the secondary wind direction control system provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure label: 1001 - First high-rise sand-blocking fence; 1002 - Second high-rise sand-blocking fence; 1003 - Third high-rise sand-blocking fence; 4001 - Lateral sand-blocking fence; 3001 - First sand-fixing grid area; 2001 - First sand-blocking forest belt; 2002 - Second sand-blocking forest belt; 5002 - First sand-fixing area; 6001 - Windbreak, sand-blocking, and dust-suppressing fence; 7001 - Photovoltaic panel array.

[0031] 100 - Second vegetation sand-fixing forest belt, 200 - Second sand-fixing grid area, 300 - Second vegetation sand-fixing area, 401 - Photovoltaic panel array. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on the embodiments of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0033] Currently, there are some problems with sand control technology for large-scale desert photovoltaic bases: (1) Existing sand control methods mostly focus on single engineering sand control measures, resulting in unsustainable sand control effects and relatively low sand control efficiency. (2) The sand dunes surrounding the large-scale desert photovoltaic bases have not been properly fixed and managed. These active sand dunes have become a continuous source of sand, continuously supplying sand particles to the base, making sand control work extremely passive, with huge sand control pressure that is difficult to alleviate effectively. (3) In areas frequently attacked by strong winds and sandstorms, traditional conventional protection methods and materials can no longer meet the actual needs of sand control. Under the strong impact of wind and sand, ordinary sand barriers are easily damaged, and the sand control effect is greatly reduced.

[0034] In view of this, the present invention provides a perimeter control system and control method suitable for large-scale desert photovoltaic bases, which can effectively improve the aforementioned technical problems.

[0035] In this embodiment of the invention, high-density polyethylene is referred to as HDPE.

[0036] Firstly, the embodiments of the present invention provide a perimeter control system suitable for large-scale desert photovoltaic bases, mainly used for wind and sand prevention projects around large-scale desert photovoltaic bases, to ensure that large-scale desert photovoltaic bases can operate safely, stably, and efficiently in harsh wind and sand environments.

[0037] Secondly, the embodiments of the present invention provide a perimeter control system suitable for large-scale desert photovoltaic bases, including a prevailing wind direction control system and a secondary wind direction control system.

[0038] For details, please refer to Figure 3 The diagram shows the primary and secondary wind directions around the desert photovoltaic power plant. The primary wind direction is located to the west and north of the power plant, while the secondary wind direction is located to the south and east. Based on this, the present invention deploys the primary wind control system to the west and north of the desert photovoltaic power plant, and the secondary wind control system to the south and east of the power plant.

[0039] It should be noted that in this invention, the upwind direction refers to the side that the prevailing wind passes through first. For example... Figure 3 The arrows in the diagram indicate the direction of wind flow. The downwind side is the side after the prevailing wind has passed.

[0040] Example 1 A perimeter protection system for a large-scale desert photovoltaic base includes a prevailing wind direction protection system and a secondary wind direction protection system; I. Dominant Wind Direction Control System The prevailing wind direction control system is set up with a 6-layer structure, including three outer high-rise sand-blocking fences: the first high-rise sand-blocking fence 1001, the second high-rise sand-blocking fence 1002, the third high-rise sand-blocking fence 1003, the lateral sand-blocking fence 4001, the first sand-fixing grid area 3001, the first sand-blocking forest belt 2001, the second sand-blocking forest belt 2002, the first vegetation sand-fixing area 5002, and the windbreak, sand-blocking, and dust-suppressing fence 6001.

[0041] Three of the outermost high-rise sand-blocking fences are located on the windward outermost edge of the entire protection zone.

[0042] Specifically, the three tall, upright sand-blocking fences are arranged horizontally perpendicular to the prevailing wind direction, with a spacing of 20m between adjacent tall, upright sand-blocking fences. The horizontal width of each fence is 30m, and they are made of HDPE sand-blocking fences with a height of 1.7m.

[0043] Specifically, all three high-rise sand-blocking fences are designed with a break point, with a gap every 100m to serve as an animal passage.

[0044] Lateral sand-prevention fencing 4001 is installed at the edge of the prevailing wind control system, with an east-west orientation. Only one side of the prevailing wind control system needs to be installed, and plant fencing, such as tall reed fencing or straw curtain sand barriers, is used.

[0045] Specifically, the height of the plants in the lateral quicksand protection fence 4001 is 1.0m, and the spacing between plants is 80m.

[0046] In other words, the lateral anti-lateral quicksand fence 4001 can also be understood as a sealing fence. The lateral anti-lateral quicksand fence 4001 is not parallel to the photovoltaic base, and there is a certain angle between the lateral anti-lateral quicksand fence 4001 and the photovoltaic base, which is greater than zero degrees and less than 180 degrees. Further optionally, each lateral anti-lateral quicksand fence 4001 can be set to intersect the corresponding section of the photovoltaic base at a 90-degree angle.

[0047] Specifically, by installing lateral sand-blocking fencing 4001, it is possible to effectively prevent windblown sand from directions not perpendicular to the photovoltaic (PV) base, especially sandflows parallel to the PV base. These sandflows have a significant impact on the internal facilities of the PV base, as they can quickly flow into the base and accumulate in large quantities. Particularly during the wind transition period, when sandflows from both sides directly threaten the prevailing wind control system, the lateral sand-blocking fencing 4001 can effectively prevent sand accumulation during this transition period.

[0048] Furthermore, the minimum distance between the lateral sand-blocking fence 4001 and the edge of the photovoltaic base edge protection fence is 2m, thus allowing passage for people and animals. One end of the lateral sand-blocking fence 4001 is set at the edge protection fence of the photovoltaic base, and the other end extends to a position 2m beyond the first high vertical sand-blocking fence 1001.

[0049] The first sand-fixing grid area 3001 is located downwind of the third high vertical sand-blocking fence 1003. The width of the first sand-fixing grid area 3001 is 10m and the length is 300m. The distance between the downwind end of the first sand-fixing grid area 3001 and the photovoltaic base 7001 is 5m.

[0050] Specifically, one end of the first sand-fixing grid area 3001 is set at the location of the windbreak, sand-blocking, and dust-suppressing fence 6001, and the other end extends 6m beyond the outer edge of the vegetation sand-blocking forest belt 2001.

[0051] Specifically, the sand-fixing mesh in the first sand-fixing grid area 3001 is made of high-density polyethylene (HDPE). This material has high tensile strength and good weather resistance, and can withstand harsh climatic conditions such as ultraviolet radiation, high temperature, and severe cold. The porosity of the sand-fixing mesh is between 45%. A sand-fixing mesh with uniform porosity or a sparse-on-top, dense-on-bottom HDPE sand-fixing grid can be selected. The sand-fixing mesh in the first sand-fixing grid area 3001 is fixed using posts, which are also made of high-density polyethylene. The underground part of the post is used to fix it to the ground surface, while the above-ground part has a central seam structure that can clamp the sand-fixing mesh, allowing it to be wrapped around the grid and ultimately forming a honeycomb-like grid.

[0052] Specifically, the grid size of the first sand-fixing grid area 3001 is 1m×1m, and the height is 20cm.

[0053] Both the first and second sand-blocking forest belts (2001 and 2002) are located downwind of the outer high sand-blocking fence (1003) and are mainly composed of shrubs. The first and second sand-blocking forest belts (2001 and 2002) are set up in parallel straight lines, with the first belt (2001) located upwind of the second belt (2002), and the distance between them is 6 meters.

[0054] Specifically, the planting areas of Plant Sand-Blocking Forest Belt 1 2001 and Plant Sand-Blocking Forest Belt 2 2002 are both located in the first sand-fixing grid area 3001. The same HDPE sand-fixing grids as the first sand-fixing grid area 3001 are laid under Plant Sand-Blocking Forest Belt 1 2001 and Plant Sand-Blocking Forest Belt 2 2002.

[0055] Specifically, the sand-blocking forest belt 2001 consists of two rows of plants, spaced 1.5m apart, located downwind of the three high vertical sand-blocking fences, and 30m away from the third outermost high vertical sand-blocking fence 1003. Preferred species include Haloxylon ammodendron, Tamarix chinensis, and Caragana korshinskii. In this embodiment, Haloxylon ammodendron is selected for planting.

[0056] The first plant sand-fixing zone 5002 is planted in the first sand-fixing grid zone 3001 matrix squares, forming a row and column pattern with a plant spacing of 1.5m × 1.5m. Preferred species include Haloxylon ammodendron, Nitraria tangutorum, Calligonum mongolicum, Tamarisk, and Caragana korshinskii. In this embodiment, Nitraria tangutorum is selected for planting.

[0057] Specifically, after sand accumulates near the sand-blocking forest belt and in the sand-fixing grid area, psammophytic plants such as Haloxylon ammodendron will be planted in conjunction with biological sand control measures, along with artificial irrigation and other measures, to form biological sand control. As the plants grow, the protective effect of the periphery control system of this desert photovoltaic base will become better and better, eventually enabling the plants and sand control measures to form a benign and sustainable sand control system.

[0058] The 6001 windbreak, sand-blocking, and dust-suppressing fence is located upwind of the photovoltaic large-scale array area, with a height of 1.7m. It adopts a structural design with a dense structure at the bottom 1m, a metal dustproof mesh in the middle, and a mesh windproof mesh on the top.

[0059] In this embodiment of the invention, the windproof, sand-blocking, and dust-suppressing fence 6001 can be used as a substitute for the protective fence of the photovoltaic base, which can not only prevent wind, sand, and dust, but also prevent personnel from accidentally entering and clearly define the boundary range.

[0060] Specifically, when setting up the prevailing wind direction control system provided by the present invention, it is first set up from the windward side, and then the outer high-rise sand-blocking fence is set up from the outside to the inside; then the lateral sand-blocking fence is set up to seal and lock the edges; then the first vegetation sand-blocking forest belt is set up; then the first sand-fixing grid area and the first vegetation sand-fixing area are set up to fix the sand; and then the windproof sand-blocking and dust-suppressing fence 6001 is set up.

[0061] This method is based on the mechanism of desert sandstorm disasters. Since sand comes from the windward side, firstly setting up sand-blocking fences can eliminate the sand source, preventing the first sand-fixing grid area or the first vegetation-fixing sand area within the system from being buried by sand, and also facilitating construction within the system. Then, lateral sand-blocking fences are set up to further protect against the wind and sand impact from both sides of the first sand-fixing grid area. Finally, windbreak, sand-blocking, and dust-suppressing fences are set up, thus maximizing the safety of the large-scale photovoltaic base from the outside in.

[0062] II. Secondary Wind Direction Control System The secondary wind erosion control system shares the same basic structure as the aforementioned dominant wind erosion control system. The difference lies in the fact that this secondary wind erosion control system is located in the secondary wind direction of the desert photovoltaic base, where the wind erosion damage is less severe compared to the dominant wind. Therefore, the secondary wind erosion control system is designed with a three-layer structure, referring to... Figure 4 As shown, it includes the second vegetation sand-fixing forest belt 100, the second sand-fixing grid area 200, and the second vegetation sand-fixing area 300, arranged in order from upwind to downwind.

[0063] One end of the second sand-fixing grid area 200 is set at the photovoltaic edge protection fence position, and the other end is laid out 30m in the opposite direction of the secondary wind direction, with a layout width of 10m.

[0064] Specifically, the sand-fixing mesh material for the second sand-fixing grid area 200 is high-density polyethylene (HDPE). This material not only has high tensile strength and good weather resistance, but also can resist harsh climatic conditions such as ultraviolet radiation, high temperature, and severe cold. The porosity of the sand-fixing mesh is 45%. Sand-fixing mesh with uniform porosity can be selected, or HDPE sand-fixing grids with a loose top and dense bottom can be selected.

[0065] The second vegetation sand-blocking forest belt 100 is located on the outermost part of the entire secondary windward direction control system. The specific setting method is as follows: a forest belt is set up perpendicular to the secondary windward direction, and the forest belt consists of two rows of shrubs.

[0066] Specifically, the shrub spacing in the second vegetation sand-blocking forest belt 100 is 1m × 1m, with priority given to Haloxylon ammodendron, Calligonum mongolicum, Tamarix chinensis, and Caragana korshinskii. In this embodiment, Calligonum mongolicum is selected for planting.

[0067] The second vegetation-based sand-fixing zone 300 is located upwind of the photovoltaic power base, at a distance of 5 meters. It is arranged using a combination of sand barriers and vegetation, and its width accounts for half of the entire secondary windbreak protection system. Vegetation, primarily a combination of shrubs and grasses, is planted within the second sand-fixing grid zone 200.

[0068] Specifically, suitable shrubs and grasses include Haloxylon ammodendron, Calligonum mongolicum, and Nitraria tangutorum.

[0069] In other embodiments, alternatively, the meshes of the HDPE low-density vertical first sand-fixing grid area 3001 and the second sand-fixing grid area 200 are both made of woven mesh structures of materials such as polyethylene and polylactic acid. That is, the HDPE low-density vertical first sand-fixing grid area 3001 and the second sand-fixing grid area 200 can be set as high-density polyethylene woven mesh, polyethylene woven mesh, or polylactic acid woven mesh, etc. In this embodiment, high-density polyethylene woven mesh is selected.

[0070] In other embodiments, the shrubs in the first sand-fixing forest belt 2001, the second sand-fixing forest belt 2002, the first sand-fixing zone 5002, the second sand-fixing forest belt 100, and the second sand-fixing zone 300 are preferably selected from species such as Haloxylon ammodendron, Tamarix chinensis, Caragana korshinskii, and Nitraria tangutorum. These plants are psammophytic shrubs, suitable for desert environments, and are excellent sand-fixing plants. Depending on local conditions, alternatively, psammophytic shrubs such as Ilex chinensis, Caragana korshinskii, Hippophae rhamnoides, and Prunus mongolica can be selected.

[0071] Example 2 A perimeter protection system for a large-scale desert photovoltaic power plant includes a prevailing wind direction protection system and a secondary wind direction protection system; the only difference from Example 1 is: The spacing between adjacent tall, upright sand-blocking fences is 30m, and the horizontal width is 50m. HDPE sand-blocking fences are used, and the height is 2.0m. All three tall, upright sand-blocking fences are set up using a break-point method, with a gap set at intervals of 100-200m to facilitate animal passage.

[0072] One end of the lateral sand-blocking fence 4001 is installed at the edge of the photovoltaic base protection fence, and the other end extends to a position 5m beyond the first high vertical sand-blocking fence 1001. The height of the plants in the lateral sand-blocking fence 4001 is 1.5m, and the spacing between plants is 100m.

[0073] The first sand-fixing grid area 3001 is positioned at one end of the windbreak, sand-blocking, and dust-suppressing fence 6001, and the other end extends 8 meters beyond the outer edge of the vegetation sand-blocking forest belt 2001. The first sand-fixing grid area 3001 is 20 meters wide and 300 meters long, with its leeward end 8 meters from the photovoltaic base 7001. The porosity of the sand-fixing mesh in both the first sand-fixing grid area 3001 and the second sand-fixing grid area 200 is 70%, the mesh size is 1m × 1m, and the height is 30cm.

[0074] Plant sand-blocking forest belt 12001 is located upwind of plant sand-blocking forest belt 22002, with a distance of 8m between them. Plant sand-blocking forest belt 12001 consists of two rows of plants, with a distance of 1.5m between them, and is located downwind of the three high vertical sand-blocking fences, with a distance of 35m from the third outer high vertical sand-blocking fence 1003.

[0075] The 6001 windbreak, sand-blocking, and dust-suppressing fence is located upwind of the photovoltaic large-scale array area and has a height of 2.5m.

[0076] The second plant-based sand-fixing zone 300 is located upwind of the photovoltaic base, at a distance of 8m. It is arranged using a combination of sand barriers and plants, and the width of the second plant-based sand-fixing zone 300 accounts for 2 / 3 of the entire secondary wind protection system.

[0077] The prevention and control system provided by this invention has at least the following advantages: 1. This invention provides an engineering plant composite sand control structure suitable for railway sections with strong winds and sand flows. It can scientifically combine engineering sand control measures with plant sand control measures in a way that suits local conditions, thereby improving the effectiveness of wind and sand protection and ensuring the sustainable development of the protection system. 2. This invention uses a combination of engineering and vegetation measures to stabilize the active sand dunes on the periphery of the railway protection area, thereby reducing the sand source, reducing the pressure on the protection system, and extending the protection life. 3. This invention adopts a variety of new engineering sand control materials and technologies, and adopts targeted measures for different sand control functions and different areas, thereby maximizing the protective benefits.

[0078] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A perimeter defense system for a large-scale desert photovoltaic power plant, characterized in that, This includes a control system for the prevailing wind direction and a control system for the secondary wind direction; The prevailing wind direction control system is set up sequentially along the upwind direction towards the photovoltaic base, consisting of: Three tall, upright sand-blocking fences are arranged perpendicular to the prevailing wind direction; Lateral anti-lateral sand flow fence (4001) is set perpendicular to the high vertical sand-blocking fence and located on the side of the entire prevention and control system. One end of it is set at the edge of the photovoltaic base, and the other end extends to the first high vertical sand-blocking fence (1001). The angle between it and the edge of the photovoltaic base is θ, 0°<θ<180°. The first sand-fixing grid area (3001) with a grid structure is located downwind of the tall vertical sand-blocking fence; Two first-level vegetation sand-blocking forest belts are planted in parallel within the first sand-fixing grid area (3001); The first vegetation sand-fixing zone (5002) is planted within the first sand-fixing grid zone (3001) and is located downwind of the two first vegetation sand-blocking forest belts; and The windproof, sand-blocking, and dust-suppressing fence (6001) is located between the first sand-fixing grid area (3001) and the photovoltaic base. Its lower part is a dense structure for sand blocking, the middle part is a metal dustproof mesh structure, and the upper part is a mesh structure for wind protection. The secondary wind direction control system includes: The second sand-fixing grid area (200) is set up in the opposite direction to the secondary wind direction; A second vegetation-based sand-fixing forest belt (100), set perpendicular to the secondary windward direction, consists of two rows of shrubs and is planted within the second sand-fixing grid area (200); and The second plant-based sand-fixing zone (300) is located upwind of the photovoltaic base and planted in the second sand-fixing grid zone (200), with a combination of shrubs and grasses.

2. The prevention and control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tall sand-blocking fences are made of polyethylene material, and the spacing between adjacent tall sand-blocking fences is 20m to 30m. The height of each tall sand-blocking fence is 1.7m to 2.0m.

3. The prevention and control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lateral sand-prevention fence (4001) is a fence formed by planting plants. The height of the plants is 1.0m to 1.5m, and the spacing between the plants is 80m to 100m.

4. The prevention and control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the first sand-fixing grid area (3001) and the second sand-fixing grid area (200) are made of high-density polyethylene, polyethylene or polylactic acid. The first sand-fixing grid area (3001) has a width of 10m~20m, a height of 20cm~30cm, a length of 300m, and a porosity of 45%~70%. One end of the grid is located at the windbreak, sand-blocking, and dust-suppressing fence (6001), and the other end extends to the outer edge of the first sand-blocking forest belt by 6m~8m. The second sand-fixing grid area (200) is set at one end of the edge protection fence of the photovoltaic base, and the other end is laid out in a direction opposite to the secondary wind direction for 30m. The width of the layout is 10m, and the porosity of the second sand-fixing grid area (200) is 45%~70%.

5. The prevention and control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spacing between adjacent first-line sand-blocking forest belts is 6m to 8m. The first first-line sand-blocking forest belt consists of two rows of plants with a spacing of 1.5m between them. The distance between the first first-line sand-blocking forest belt and the third high-rise sand-blocking fence is 30m to 35m.

6. The prevention and control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first plant sand-blocking forest belt is selected from at least one of Haloxylon ammodendron, Tamarix chinensis, or Caragana korshinskii, and the second plant sand-blocking forest belt (100) is selected from at least one of Haloxylon ammodendron, Calligonum mongolicum, Tamarix chinensis, or Caragana korshinskii.

7. The prevention and control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first plant sand-fixing zone (5002) selects at least one of Haloxylon ammodendron, Nitraria tangutorum, Calligonum mongolicum, Tamarix chinensis or Caragana korshinskii, in a row-and-column structure with a plant spacing of 1.5m × 1.5m; The distance from the second plant sand-fixing area (300) to the outer protective fence of the photovoltaic base is 5m to 8m. It is arranged by combining sand barriers and plants. The width of the second plant sand-fixing area (300) accounts for 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 of the width of the entire secondary wind protection system. The second plant sand-fixing area (300) is selected from at least one of Haloxylon ammodendron, Calligonum mongolicum or Nitraria tangutorum.

8. The prevention and control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The windproof, sand-blocking, and dust-suppressing fence (6001) is 5m to 8m away from the outer protective fence of the photovoltaic base, and its height is 1.7m to 2.5m.

9. A method for perimeter security of a large-scale desert photovoltaic base, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Based on the dominant and secondary directions of wind and sand, a prevention and control system as described in any one of claims 1 to 8 shall be set up around the photovoltaic base; In the direction of the prevailing wind, three high-rise sand-blocking fences, a lateral sand-blocking fence (4001), a first vegetation sand-blocking forest belt, a first sand-fixing grid area (3001), a first vegetation sand-fixing area (5002), and a windbreak, sand-blocking, and dust-suppressing fence (6001) are set up in sequence. In the secondary wind direction, the second vegetation sand-blocking forest belt (100), the second sand-fixing grid area (200) and the second vegetation sand-fixing area (300) are arranged in sequence. Regular maintenance, including irrigation and management of the plant area.

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