High-strength polyester fiber with moisture absorption and heating functions and preparation method of high-strength polyester fiber

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of functional polyester fiber preparation, and provides a preparation method of a high-strength polyester fiber with moisture absorption and heat release functions, which comprises the following steps: taking 2-5 parts by weight of moisture absorption component, 1-3 parts by weight of heat release component and 3-6 parts by weight of support dispersion component, blending and grinding to obtain uniform powder, adding the powder into an acetone solution, adding a dispersing agent, and uniformly stirring to obtain the high-strength polyester fiber with moisture absorption and heat release functions. Performing ultrasonic oscillation to form stable dispersion liquid; the solid functional powder is mixed with hydrophilic modified polyester chips, and the solid functional powder accounts for 1.5%-4.5% of the mass of the chips; carrying out melt blending and vacuum devolatilization on the mixed material at 270-290 DEG C by a screw extruder to form a spinning solution; the spinning solution is extruded by a spinneret plate to form fiber tows; the high-strength polyester fiber with the moisture absorption and heating functions is obtained by sequentially carrying out circular blowing cooling, oiling, pre-interlacing, multi-stage hot roller stretching and shaping, main interlacing and finally winding into a barrel on the fiber tows. The moisture absorption component, the heat release component and the support dispersion component synergistically reinforce the moisture absorption and heat release performance of the fiber, and the heat productivity of the fiber is higher and more lasting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of functional polyester fiber preparation technology, and in particular to a high-strength polyester fiber with moisture absorption and heat generation functions and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] As outdoor sports become increasingly popular, the demand for warm and lightweight sportswear is also rising. There are two strategies to improve the warmth of sportswear: First, traditional warm clothing mainly achieves its effect through passive insulation, such as increasing filling materials, increasing fabric thickness, and adding fleece to the fabric; Second, modern outdoor sportswear achieves its effect through active insulation, such as absorbing light and generating heat, and absorbing moisture and generating heat.

[0003] Taking moisture-absorbing and heat-generating materials as an example, the human body is constantly releasing moisture to the outside world through the skin. When a person is at rest, the skin will release about 15g / m2·h of moisture to the outside world. However, during strenuous exercise, the human body will expel more moisture through the skin in order to dissipate excess heat, about 100g / m2·h of sweat. Using moisture-absorbing and heat-generating materials to absorb the moisture expelled by the human body can regulate humidity and keep warm at the same time.

[0004] The prior art discloses a moisture-absorbing, heat-generating, and antibacterial polyester composite fabric (CN 220332201 U), comprising a polyester fabric layer, a moisture-absorbing and heat-generating fabric layer, an antibacterial fabric layer, an anti-UV fabric layer, and a polytetrafluoroethylene microporous membrane, which are sequentially laminated together. This type of solution achieves the desired function by incorporating the moisture-absorbing and heat-generating material as part of the fabric's layered structure through a fabric lamination process. Its drawbacks include a thick, heavy layered structure, poor breathability, easy peeling between layers, and a complex production process and high cost due to the multi-layered lamination process.

[0005] Existing technology discloses a blended yarn of polyester cashmere moisture-absorbing and heat-generating fibers (CN 211734592 U), comprising a first yarn, a second yarn, and moisture-absorbing and heat-generating fibers; the first yarn and the second yarn are intertwined; the surface of the second yarn has spiral grooves for connecting the moisture-absorbing and heat-generating fibers; the moisture-absorbing and heat-generating fibers are embedded in the spiral grooves; the surface of the moisture-absorbing and heat-generating fibers has several circular protrusions for moisture absorption; the circular protrusions have several holes; the circular protrusions are evenly arranged along the length of the moisture-absorbing and heat-generating fibers. This type of solution integrates the desired function into the fabric through a spinning process. Its drawbacks are uneven distribution of functional fibers, unstable moisture-absorbing and heat-generating effects, and easy shedding after long-term use or washing, leading to rapid functional degradation.

[0006] The prior art discloses a moisture-absorbing, self-heating, lightweight, and warm nylon fabric and its preparation method (CN119221176 A). The method includes: preparing a composite polymer spinning solution and a polyamide spinning solution respectively; firstly, preparing the moisture-absorbing polymer into a polymer solution and subjecting it to alternating hot and cold treatment; then adding a salt solution and adding a nanoparticle dispersion to the salted polymer solution to uniformly distribute the nanoparticles in the polymer solution, thus obtaining the composite polymer spinning solution; heating and melting the polymerized nylon resin into a liquid state to obtain the polyamide spinning solution; and then spinning the polyamide spinning solution and the composite polymer spinning solution separately to produce polyamide fiber filaments and composite fiber filaments. The polyamide fiber filaments are used as warp yarns, and the composite fiber filaments are used as weft yarns for weaving, resulting in a moisture-absorbing, self-heating, lightweight, and warm nylon fabric containing nanoparticles. This method, which prepares composite fabrics by combining electrospinning with hygroscopic polymers, salt solutions, and nanoparticles, has the following limitations: the mechanical strength and abrasion resistance of nylon as the base material are inferior to those of polyester, and it cannot well meet the fabric requirements of high-intensity outdoor sports scenarios; the production process using electrospinning is less efficient and more expensive; and salt ions are easily lost during long-term use, leading to functional degradation.

[0007] Therefore, developing a functional fiber based on polyester substrate, which can achieve active moisture absorption and heat generation, as well as high strength and water resistance, by optimizing material combination and preparation process, has become an urgent technical problem to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0008] This invention provides a high-strength polyester fiber with moisture absorption and heat generation functions and its preparation method. By combining functional components of moisture absorption, heat generation, and support dispersion, and optimizing the melt spinning process, the fiber achieves comprehensive performance with high moisture absorption efficiency, long-lasting heat generation, and excellent strength, thus overcoming the defects in the prior art and meeting the needs of outdoor applications.

[0009] The present invention adopts the following technical solution: A method for preparing high-strength polyester fiber with moisture-absorbing and heat-generating functions includes the following steps: S1. Preparation of moisture-absorbing and heat-generating functional components: Take 2-5 parts of moisture-absorbing component, 1-3 parts of heat-generating component, and 3-6 parts of supporting and dispersing component by weight, mix and grind them together to obtain a uniform powder, add the powder to acetone solution, add 0.8%-1.2% of the solid powder mass of dispersant, and ultrasonically vibrate for 20-30 minutes to form a stable dispersion. The hygroscopic component is at least one of graphene oxide, graphene quantum dots, carbon quantum dots, and hydroxylated carbon nanotubes. The exothermic component is at least one of zirconium carbide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, hydroxyapatite, and aluminum nitride. The supporting dispersion component is at least one of fumed silica, modified diatomaceous earth, and zeolite molecular sieve; S2. Blending: The dispersion obtained in step S1 is mixed with hydrophilic modified polyester chips with an intrinsic viscosity of 0.60-0.70 dl / g, so that the solid functional powder accounts for 1.5%-4.5% of the chip mass, and then premixed at 700-900 rpm for 4-6 minutes. S3. Melting and Deviation: The mixture is melt-blended in a screw extruder at 270℃-290℃ and then vacuum-deviationd to form a spinning solution; S4. Spinning and slow cooling: The spinning solution is metered and extruded through the spinneret to form fiber bundles. A slow cooling heating device is installed below the spinneret, and its temperature is controlled to be 10-40°C higher than the surface temperature of the spinneret to form a high-temperature buffer zone. S5. Post-processing: The fiber bundles are sequentially cooled by ring blowing, oiled, pre-networked, stretched and shaped by multi-stage hot rollers, and then wound into a cylinder to obtain the high-strength polyester fiber with moisture absorption and heat generation functions.

[0010] Preferably, the hygroscopic component, the exothermic component, and the supporting and dispersing component are graphene oxide, zirconium carbide, and fumed silica, respectively.

[0011] Preferably, the hygroscopic component is graphene oxide, the exothermic component is a mixture of calcium oxide and magnesium oxide, and the supporting and dispersing component is fumed silica.

[0012] Furthermore, in step S1, the solid-liquid ratio of the uniform powder added to the acetone solution is 1:(0.5-5), and the dispersant is silane coupling agent KH-550 or KH-560.

[0013] Furthermore, in step S2, the hydrophilic modified polyester chips are copolymerized from a mixture of polyols including polyterephthalic acid, ethylene glycol, and propylene glycol, with an intrinsic viscosity of 0.60-0.70 dl / g.

[0014] Furthermore, in step S4, the temperature of the spinneret surface is controlled at 275℃-300℃, and the slow cooling heating device is a slow cooling channel with a length of 10-30cm.

[0015] Furthermore, in step S5, the stretching and shaping uses three pairs of hot rollers with temperatures of 80-100℃, 110-130℃ and 200-220℃ respectively, and a total stretching ratio of 4.5-5.5; the winding speed is 2300-2500 m / min.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the high-strength polyester fiber with moisture-absorbing and heat-generating functions and its preparation method of the present invention are as follows: The moisture-absorbing component quickly captures moisture, the exothermic component converts energy, and the supporting and dispersing component forms a three-dimensional network channel for moisture to be transported into the fiber. The three components work together to enhance the moisture absorption and heat release properties of the fiber, resulting in a fiber with higher and longer heat generation. Hydrophilic modified polyester chips are used as the carrier for moisture absorption and heat generation, so that the fiber has excellent moisture absorption and heat generation properties while possessing high strength characteristics, with an average heat generation temperature of 3.1-4.0℃. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a diagram of graphene oxide nanosheets; Figure 2 This is a morphology diagram of silicon carbide; Figure 3 Morphological diagram of moisture-absorbing and heat-generating fabric. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, thereby making a clearer and more explicit definition of the scope of protection of the present invention. However, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0019] In the first embodiment, the moisture-absorbing and heat-generating functional components are graphene oxide, zirconium carbide, and fumed silica.

[0020] In this embodiment, the mechanism of the moisture-absorbing and heat-generating functional component is as follows: The surface of graphene oxide sheets is rich in oxygen-containing functional groups, which strongly adsorb gaseous water molecules through hydrogen bonding. Zirconium carbide and graphene oxide efficiently convert the kinetic energy of water molecules into lattice vibrational heat, while gaseous silica stores water and stabilizes the structure. The three work together to achieve sustained and stable heating.

[0021] In this embodiment, the specific steps for fiber preparation are as follows: Preparation of moisture-absorbing and heat-generating functional components: Take 3 parts of graphene oxide (average particle size 300nm), 2 parts of zirconium carbide (average particle size 400nm), and 4 parts of fumed silica, ball mill and mix them, add the homogeneous powder to acetone (solid-liquid ratio 1:5) solution, add 1% KH-550 by weight of the powder, and ultrasonically vibrate for 25 minutes to obtain a dispersion. Blending: The above dispersion was mixed with hydrophilic modified polyester chips, with the mass of solid functional powder being 2.5% of the mass of polyester chips. The mixture was placed in a high-speed mixer and premixed at 800 rpm for 5 minutes. Melting and devolatilization: The mixture is fed into a screw extruder, melt-blended at 285°C, and then devolatilized under vacuum (-0.095MPa) to form a spinning solution; Spinning and slow cooling: The spinneret has a straight-line orifice and the surface temperature is controlled at 295℃. The temperature of the slow cooling heating device is controlled at 325℃. The spinning solution is metered and extruded from the spinneret to form fiber bundles. Post-processing: ring air cooling (air temperature 20℃, humidity 75% RH, air speed 0.7m / min), oiling with dual oil nozzles (oiling rate 0.85%), pre-networking followed by stretching and shaping with three pairs of hot rollers (temperatures 90℃, 120℃, 210℃, stretching ratio 5.0), and then main networking followed by winding into a cylinder at 2400m / min to obtain high-strength polyester fiber with moisture absorption and heat generation functions.

[0022] The preparation steps for hydrophilic modified polyester chips are as follows: Pretreatment: Dry polyterephthalic acid at 120℃ for 4 hours, controlling the moisture content to ≤0.05%; mix polyols (ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and glycerin) and heat to 60℃, hold for 30 minutes to remove moisture, ensuring the moisture content is ≤0.03%; Prepolymerization: Add a mixture of polyterephthalic acid, polyol and half of the catalyst to the reactor, heat to 230°C and pressure 0.25 MPa, stir at 60 revolutions per minute and react for 4 hours; Polymerization: Add the remaining catalyst and stabilizer, evacuate the system to a vacuum level ≤ -0.095 MPa, heat to 280℃, and control the stirring speed to 100 rpm to carry out the polymerization reaction (stop when the intrinsic viscosity reaches 0.60-0.70 dl / g). Post-processing: Nitrogen gas is introduced into the reactor to break the vacuum, and the molten polyester product is transported to the pelletizer through the melt pipeline. Underwater pelletizing process is used to obtain chips, and the chips are dried at 100°C for 8 hours to obtain hydrophilic modified polyester chips.

[0023] The mixture contains 100 parts of polyterephthalic acid, 40-52 parts of a polyol mixture (30-35 parts of ethylene glycol, 8-12 parts of propylene glycol and 2-5 parts of glycerol), 0.03-0.05 parts of catalyst, and 0.02-0.04 parts of stabilizer.

[0024] In the second embodiment, the hygroscopic component is graphene oxide, the exothermic component is a combination of calcium oxide and magnesium oxide, and the supporting and dispersing component is fumed silica.

[0025] In this embodiment, the mechanism of the moisture-absorbing and heat-generating functional component is as follows: Graphene oxide achieves rapid physical moisture absorption due to its large specific surface area and residual oxygen-containing groups; Calcium oxide and magnesium oxide produce a significant hydration exothermic reaction (chemical heat) when they come into contact with water molecules, which is the main instantaneous heat source. At the same time, graphene oxide can efficiently convert the kinetic energy of water molecules into lattice vibration heat. Fumed silica effectively traps moisture and prolongs the exothermic time due to its three-dimensional network structure. At the same time, it greatly improves the dispersion stability of high surface energy particles such as calcium oxide in the melt.

[0026] In this embodiment, the specific steps for fiber preparation are as follows: 1. Preparation of moisture-absorbing and heat-generating functional components: (1) Weigh the following powders by weight and then mix them together: Moisture-absorbing component: 4 parts graphene oxide; Exothermic components: Calcium oxide (average particle size 400nm, purity ≥98%) and magnesium oxide (average particle size 300nm) are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1, totaling 2 parts; Supporting dispersion component: 4 parts of fumed silica (specific surface area approximately 180 m² / g); (2) Add the above blended powder to an acetone (solid-liquid ratio 1:5) solution, add 1% KH-560 by weight of the powder, and sonicate for 25 minutes to obtain a dispersion. 2. Blending: Mix the above dispersion with hydrophilic modified polyester chips, with the mass of solid functional powder being 2.5% of the mass of polyester chips. Place the mixture in a high-speed mixer and premix at 850 rpm for 5 minutes. 3. Melting and Deviation: The mixture is fed into a screw extruder, melt-blended at 285℃, and then vacuum devolatilized (-0.093MPa) to form a spinning solution; 4. Spinning and slow cooling: The plate temperature is controlled at 280℃, the slow cooling heating device temperature is controlled at 310℃, and the spinning solution is metered and extruded from the spinneret to form fiber bundles. 5. Post-processing: Ring air cooling (air temperature 20℃, humidity 72% RH, air speed 0.65m / min), oiling with dual oil nozzles (oiling rate 0.82%), pre-networking, stretching and shaping by three pairs of hot rollers (temperatures 85℃, 125℃, 215℃, stretching ratio 4.8), and after main networking, winding into a cylinder at 2350m / min to obtain high-strength polyester fiber with moisture absorption and heat generation functions.

[0027] The preparation of hydrophilic modified polyester chips is the same as in the first embodiment.

[0028] In other embodiments of the present invention, the moisture-absorbing component may also be graphene quantum dots or carbon quantum dots, but the corresponding cost will be higher.

[0029] In the first comparative example, no moisture-absorbing and heat-generating functional components were added, and the remaining preparation conditions were the same as in the first embodiment.

[0030] In the second comparative example, the functional component used was a single graphene oxide, and the remaining preparation conditions were the same as in the first embodiment.

[0031] In the third comparative example, the composite fabric process of the existing technology CN 220332201 U was used to prepare a composite fabric containing a polyester fabric layer, a moisture-absorbing and heat-generating fabric layer, an antibacterial fabric layer, an anti-ultraviolet fabric layer and a polytetrafluoroethylene microporous membrane.

[0032] The polyester fibers prepared in the first embodiment, the second embodiment, the first comparative example, and the second comparative example were made into fabrics, and the composite fabric prepared in the third comparative example was tested for moisture absorption and heat generation performance.

[0033]

[0034] Test conditions: temperature (20±0.5)℃, humidity (90±3)%RH, wind speed 0.2m / s~0.6m / s.

[0035] It can be seen from the above table: When graphene oxide, zirconium carbide and fumed silica are used as functional components, the system is a synergistic physical exothermic system with the best comprehensive performance, exhibiting excellent hygroscopic and exothermic properties and fiber strength. When graphene oxide, oxide blends and fumed silica are used as functional components, the system exhibits synergistic chemical exothermicity and excellent hygroscopic and exothermic properties, but the fiber strength will decrease slightly. In the first comparative example, without the addition of moisture-absorbing and heat-generating functional components, the moisture-absorbing and heat-generating effect was negligible, which is sufficient to show that the moisture-absorbing and heat-generating performance comes from the added functional components, rather than the matrix or process itself. The second comparative example uses graphene oxide as a single functional component. The heating efficiency relying solely on the moisture-absorbing material is limited, with an average heating temperature of 2.6-2.9℃, which is higher than the third comparative example but significantly lower than the first and second examples, indicating that the synergistic effect of the functional components is excellent. The third comparative example represents the existing technology. The composite fabric prepared relies on its moisture-absorbing and heat-generating fabric layer to have certain moisture-absorbing and heat-generating properties, but it is far inferior to that of the present invention.

[0036] The beneficial effects of the high-strength polyester fiber with moisture-absorbing and heat-generating functions and its preparation method of the present invention are as follows: The moisture-absorbing component quickly captures moisture, the heat-exothermic component converts energy, and the supporting and dispersing component forms a three-dimensional network channel for moisture to be transported into the fiber. The three components work together to enhance the moisture absorption and heat release performance of the fiber. The prepared fiber generates more heat and lasts longer. The maximum heat generation temperature of the fabric in the test is also effectively controlled, resulting in a better wearing experience. Hydrophilic modified polyester chips are used as the carrier for moisture absorption and heat generation, so that the fiber has excellent moisture absorption and heat generation properties while possessing high strength characteristics, with an average heat generation temperature of 3.1-4.0℃.

[0037] The above description is merely an embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the content of the present invention's specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing high-strength polyester fiber with moisture-absorbing and heat-generating functions, characterized by comprising the steps of: (1) preparing a polyester fiber; (2) coating the polyester fiber with a moisture-absorbing and heat-generating material; and (3) drying the polyester fiber. Comprising the following steps: S1, preparation of moisture-absorbing and heat-releasing functional components: take moisture-absorbing components 2-5 parts, heat-releasing components 1-3 parts, and support and dispersion components 3-6 parts by weight, blend and grind to obtain a uniform powder, add the powder to an acetone solution, add a dispersant with a solid powder mass of 0.8%-1.2%, and ultrasonic oscillation to form a stable dispersion liquid; S2, blending: mix the dispersion liquid prepared in step S1 with hydrophilic modified polyester chips, so that the solid functional powder accounts for 1.5%-4.5% of the mass of the chips; S3, melting and devolatilization: melt and blend the mixture in a screw extruder at 270-290°C, and then devolatilize in a vacuum to form a spinning dope; S4, spinning and slow cooling: the spinning dope is metered and extruded from a spinneret to form a fiber bundle; S5, post-treatment: the fiber bundle is sequentially cooled by circular blowing, oiled, pre-networked, multi-stage hot roller stretched and shaped, main networked, and finally wound into a bobbin to obtain the high-strength polyester fiber with moisture-absorbing and heat-releasing functions.

2. The production method according to claim 1, characterized by, In step S1, the moisture-absorbing component is at least one of graphene oxide, graphene quantum dots, carbon quantum dots, and hydroxylated carbon nanotubes, the heat-releasing component is at least one of zirconium carbide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, hydroxyapatite, and aluminum nitride, and the support and dispersion component is at least one of fumed silica, modified diatomite, and zeolite molecular sieve.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the solid-liquid ratio of the uniform powder added to the acetone solution is 1:(0.5-5), and the dispersant is silane coupling agent KH-550 or KH-560.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, In step S2, the hydrophilic modified polyester chips are obtained by copolymerization of polyterephthalic acid and a mixed polyol of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, and the intrinsic viscosity is 0.60-0.70 dl / g.

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the plate surface temperature of the spinneret is controlled at 275-300°C, and a slow cooling duct with a length of 10-30 cm is installed below the spinneret, and the temperature is controlled to be 30-40°C higher than the plate surface temperature of the spinneret.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein, The stretching and shaping adopts three pairs of hot rollers with temperatures of 80-100°C, 110-130°C, and 200-220°C, respectively, and the total stretching ratio is 4.5-5.

5.

7. The method of any one of claims 1-6, wherein, In step S1, the moisture-absorbing component, the heat-releasing component, and the support and dispersion component are graphene oxide, zirconium carbide, and fumed silica, respectively.

8. The method of any one of claims 1-6, wherein, In step S1, the moisture-absorbing component is graphene oxide, the heat-releasing component is a compound of calcium oxide and magnesium oxide, and the support and dispersion component is fumed silica.

9. A high-strength polyester fiber with moisture-absorbing and heat-releasing functions prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1-8.

10. A textile, characterized in that, A high-strength polyester fiber with moisture-absorbing and heat-releasing functions as claimed in claim 9.

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